When illuminated by various wavelengths, hydrogen atoms absorb specific wavelengths corresponding to energy level transitions, while others pass through without any interaction.
In the first excited state, the hydrogen atom has electrons in higher energy levels. When illuminated by different wavelengths of light, the atom absorbs only those wavelengths that match the energy difference between its current excited state and another allowed energy level. This process is called absorption and results in the electron transitioning to a higher energy level.
If the wavelength of light doesn't match any energy level transition, the light passes through the atom without any interaction. When the excited electron eventually returns to a lower energy level, it releases energy in the form of light, called emission. The wavelengths absorbed and emitted by hydrogen atoms form the characteristic hydrogen spectrum.
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during a collision with a wall, the velocity of a 0.200-kg ball changes from 20.0 m/s toward the wall to 12.0 m/s away from the wall. if the time the ball was in contact with the wall was 160 ms, what was the magnitude of the average force applied to the ball? question 13 options:
The magnitude of the average force applied to the ball can be calculated using the equation for impulse, which is equal to the change in momentum. l is 1.6 kgm/s / 0.160 s = 10.0 N. This equation is given by:
What is momentum?Momentum is a concept in physics that describes the tendency of a body in motion to stay in motion. It is the product of an object’s mass and velocity, and is often represented as a vector quantity. Momentum is conserved in closed systems, meaning that an object’s momentum cannot be created or destroyed, only changed by an outside force.
Impulse = Δp = m * Δv
where m is the mass of the ball and Δv is the change in velocity.
In this case, m = 0.200 kg and Δv = 20.0 m/s - 12.0 m/s = 8.0 m/s.
Therefore, the impulse is equal to 0.200 kg * 8.0 m/s = 1.6 kgm/s.
The average force is equal to the impulse divided by the duration of the collision, which is 160 ms.
Therefore, the magnitude of the average force applied to the ball is 1.6 kgm/s / 0.160 s = 10.0 N.
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Sunlight is used in a double-slit interference experiment. The fourth-order maximum for a wavelength of 500 nm occurs at an angle of ? = 90°. Thus, it is on the verge of being eliminated from the pattern because ? cannot exceed 90° in Eq. 35-14. (a) What least wavelength in the visible range (400 nm to 700 nm) are not present in the third-order maxima? To eliminate all of the visible light in the fourth-order maximum, (b) should the slit separation be increased (show 1) or decreased (show 0) and (c) what least change in separation is needed?
The least wavelength in the visible range that are not present in the third-order maxima is 400 nm. The slit separation be Decreased. Least change in separation needed is 0.001 mm
The answer for a . The least wavelength in the visible range that are not present in the third-order maxima is 400 nm. This is because the fourth-order maximum occurs at an angle of 90°, and so the third-order maximum will be eliminated at 400 nm.
The answer for B. To eliminate all of the visible light in the fourth-order maximum, the slit separation should be decreased (show 0).
The answer for C. A decrease in the slit separation of 0.001 mm would result in an increase in the angle of the fourth-order maximum to 90.1°, eliminating all visible light.. This is because the angular separation of the diffraction maxima is equal to the wavelength divided by the slit separation. Thus, a decrease in the slit separation of 0.1 mm would result in an increase in the angle of the fourth-order maximum to 90.1°, eliminating all visible light.
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85) What is the net power that a person with surface area of 1.20 m2 radiates if his emissivity is 0.895, his skin temperature is 27°C, and he is in a room that is at a temperature of 17°C? (σ = 5.67 × 10-8 W/m2 ∙ K4)
A) 60.3 W
B) 62.6 W
C) 65.7 W
D) 68.4 W
E) 64.8 W
The person radiates heat at a rate of 62.6 W.
The net power that a person radiates can be calculated using the formula P = εσA(T_p^4 - T_r^4), where P is the power, ε is the emissivity, σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, A is the surface area, T_p is the temperature of the person's skin, and T_r is the temperature of the room.
Substituting the given values into the formula, we get P = (0.895)(5.67 × 10^-8 W/m^2∙K^4)(1.20 m^2)[(300 K)^4 - (290 K)^4] = 62.6 W. Therefore, the person radiates heat at a rate of 62.6 W. Answer B is correct.
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Deep space 1 was a spacecraft powered by an engine that gave off xenon particles to change velocity. It had a mass of 500 kg. Which expression can be used to find the spacecraft’s acceleration if its engine created a net force of 0. 10 n?.
The spacecraft's acceleration if its engine created a net force of 0.10 N is 0.0002 m/s²
What is force ?Force is a push or pull that acts upon an object. It is an interaction between two objects that results in a physical change in one or both objects. Force can be either a contact force, such as hitting or pushing, or it can be a non-contact force, such as gravity or magnetism. Force affects the motion of an object, either speeding it up, slowing it down, or changing its direction.
The expression used to find the spacecraft's acceleration is a = F/m, where a is the acceleration, F is the net force and m is the mass of the spacecraft.
a = F/m = 0.10 N / 500 kg = 0.0002 m/s²
Therefore, the expression used to find the spacecraft's acceleration if its engine created a net force of 0.10 N is a = 0.10 N / 500 kg = 0.0002 m/s².
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If the mass of the Earth were doubled (while keeping its size the same), how much more would you weigh at the surface?
You would weigh half as much.
You would weigh the same.
You would weigh four times as much.
You would weigh twice as much.
You would weigh twice as much. Doubling the mass of the Earth would double your weight since your weight is related to the gravitational force between you and the Earth.
What is gravitational force?Gravitational force is an attractive force that exists between two objects that have mass. It is the force of attraction between any two objects with mass, and is typically described by Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation. Newton's law states that the force of gravity between two objects is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This force is responsible for the attraction of all matter, and is what binds the planets and stars in our universe. It is also responsible for the formation of galaxies, and the movement of the planets in our solar system.
The gravitational force is proportional to the masses of both objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Since the distance is the same, doubling the mass of the Earth would double your weight.
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83) How much power does a sphere with a radius of 10 cm radiate into empty space if is has an emissivity of 1.0 and is kept at a temperature of 400 K? (σ = 5.67 × 10-8 W/m2 ∙ K4)
A) 60 W
B) 70 W
C) 180 W
D) 210 W
E) 360 W
The power radiated by a sphere into empty space can be calculated using the Stefan-Boltzmann law, which states that the power radiated is proportional to the fourth power of the temperature and the surface area of the object and is given by:
Power = emissivity x Stefan-Boltzmann constant x surface area x temperature^4
Here, the sphere has a radius of 10 cm, so its surface area can be calculated as:
Surface area = 4 x π x radius^2 = 4 x π x (0.1 m)^2 = 0.04π m^2
Substituting the given values into the equation and solving for power, we get:
Power = 1.0 x 5.67 x 10^-8 x 0.04π x (400 K)^4 = 69.98 W
Therefore, the power radiated by the sphere is approximately 70 W, which is option B.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. A wave is transporting energy from left to right. The particles of the medium are moving back and forth in a leftward and rightward direction. This type of wave is known as a ____.
a. mechanical
b. electromagnetic
c. transverse
d. longitudinal
The correct answer is option c transverse
A wave is transporting energy from left to right. The particles of the medium are moving back and forth in a leftward and rightward direction.
Energy transport means moving energy from one location to another. Energy transfer means moving energy out of something (solid, liquid or gas) thereby reducing its energy, into something else (another solid, liquid or gas) thereby increasing its energy. The two mechanisms of energy transfer are heat and work.
Active transport requires energy for the process by transporting molecules against a concentration or electrochemical gradient
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A pulley with mass mp and a radius rp is attached to the ceiling, in a gravity field of 9. 81 m/s2 and rotates with no friction about its pivot.
To analyze the pulley system with the given parameters, you can use various equations to find the moment of inertia, torque, and tension in the cable.
Given a pulley with mass (mp) and radius (rp) attached to the ceiling in a gravity field of 9.81 m/s², and it rotates without friction about its pivot, we can determine its moment of inertia and the tension in the cable.
1. Calculate the moment of inertia (I) of the pulley using the formula for a solid disk:
I = 0.5 * mp * rp²
2. Calculate the torque (τ) on the pulley due to the tension (T) in the cable:
τ = T * rp
3. Since there's no friction, the net torque equals the product of moment of inertia and angular acceleration (α):
τ = I * α
4. Substitute the expressions for I and τ from steps 1 and 2:
T * rp = 0.5 * mp * rp² * α
5. Solve for the tension (T) in the cable:
T = 0.5 * mp * rp * α
In summary, to analyze the pulley system with the given parameters, you can use the equations derived above to find the moment of inertia, torque, and tension in the cable. Note that additional information, such as angular acceleration, would be needed to calculate the actual values.
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When there is a steady current in the circuit, the amount of charge passing a point per unit of time is:
A) The same everywhere in the circuit
B) Greater in the 1 ohm resistor than the 2 ohm resistor
C) Greater at point X than at point Y
D) Greater in the 2 ohm resistor than in the 3 ohm resistor
When there is a steady current in the circuit, the amount of charge passing a point per unit of time is the same everywhere in the circuit.
According to Ohm's law, the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference (voltage) applied across it and inversely proportional to its resistance. In a series circuit, the current is constant throughout because the resistance is the same everywhere. Therefore, the amount of charge passing a point per unit of time is also constant and it is not affected by the value of the resistance..
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a merry-go-round starts from rest and accelerates at a constant rate of 0.4 rev/s2.note: this is a multi-part question. once an answer is submitted, you will be unable to return to this part.what is its rotational velocity after 6 s?the rotational velocity of the merry-go-round is 7.2 numeric responseedit unavailable. 7.2 incorrect.rev/s.
Answer: The angular acceleration of the merry-go-round is 0.4 rev/s^2. We can use the following equation to find the final angular velocity:
ω_f = ω_i + αt
where ω_f is the final angular velocity, ω_i is the initial angular velocity (which is zero in this case), α is the angular acceleration, and t is the time.
Substituting the given values, we get:
ω_f = 0 + (0.4 rev/s^2)(6 s)
ω_f = 2.4 rev/s
Therefore, the rotational velocity of the merry-go-round after 6 s is 2.4 rev/s.
if she hadn't tucked at all, how many revolutions would she have made in the 1.7 s from board to water? express your answer using two significant figures.
If the diver hadn't tucked at all, she would have made about 1.47 revolutions in the 1.7 seconds from the board to the water.
Without tucking, the diver would have maintained the same initial angular velocity throughout the dive.
We can use the equation:
θ = ω_i[tex]*t + 0.5α*t^2[/tex]
where θ is the angle rotated,
ω_i is the initial angular velocity,
α is the angular acceleration, and
t is the time interval.
Since the diver is not tucking, there is no angular acceleration, so α = 0. We can rearrange the equation to solve for the number of revolutions:
θ = ω_i*t
θ is given as 1.5 revolutions or 3π radians. We can convert the time interval to seconds:
t = 1.7 s
The initial angular velocity can be found using the equation:
ω_i = ω_f - α*t
where ω_f is the final angular velocity, which we assume is zero since the diver enters the water with zero angular velocity.
Thus, ω_i = -α*t.
The angular acceleration can be found using the kinematic equation:
θ = 0.5*(ω_i + ω_f)*t
Substituting in ω_f = 0 and solving for α:
α = 2*θ/[tex]t^2[/tex]
Plugging in the given values, we get:
α =[tex]2*(3\pi )/(1.7 s)^2[/tex]
= 3.2 rad/[tex]s^2[/tex]
Now we can solve for ω_i:
ω_i = -αt
= [tex]-(3.2 rad/s^2)(1.7 s)[/tex]
= -5.44 rad/s
The negative sign indicates that the diver was rotating in the opposite direction to the desired direction (clockwise instead of counterclockwise).
Finally, we can use the equation θ = ω_i*t to find the number of revolutions:
θ = (5.44 rad/s)*(1.7 s)
= 9.25 radians
Number of revolutions = 9.25 radians / (2π radians/revolution) ≈ 1.47 revolutions
Therefore, if the diver hadn't tucked at all, she would have made about 1.47 revolutions in the 1.7 seconds from the board to the water.
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Patients undergoing an MRI occasionally report seeing flashes of light. Some practitioners assume that this results from electric stimulation of the eye by the emf induced by the rapidly changing fields of an MRI solenoid. We can do a quick calculation to see if this is a reasonable assumption. The human eyeball has a diameter of approximately 25 mm. Rapid changes in current in an MRI solenoid can produce rapid changes in field, with ΔB/Δt as large as 50 T/s.
Part A
What emf would this induce in a loop circling the eyeball?
Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.
ε = __________
Part B
How does this compare to the 15 mV necessary to trigger an action potential? Choose best answer.
(a) This amount of emf is more than adequate to trigger an action potential.
(b) This amount of emf is inadequate to trigger an action potential
Part A: The emf induced in a loop circling the eyeball is approximately 0.024 V.
Part B: The amount of emf induced in the loop is inadequate to trigger an action potential in the optic nerve.
Part A: The emf induced in a loop circling the eyeball can be calculated using Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction:
ε = -ΔB/Δt * Awhere ΔB/Δt is the rate of change of the magnetic field, and A is the area of the loop.
Substituting the given values, we get:
ε = -(50 T/s) * π(0.0125 m)² = -0.024 VTherefore, the emf induced in a loop circling the eyeball is 0.024 V.
Part B: The threshold for action potential generation in the optic nerve is approximately 15 mV, which is lower than the amount of emf induced by the rapidly changing fields of an MRI solenoid. While the emf induced by the MRI solenoid is not strong enough to trigger an action potential, it can still cause electric stimulation of the retina, resulting in the perception of flashes of light by the patient undergoing an MRI.
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23) If you add 700 kJ of heat to 700 g of water originally at 70.0°C, how much water is left in the container? The latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.6 × J/kg, and its specific heat capacity is 4186 J/kg ∙ K.
A) 429 g
B) 258 g
C) 340 g
D) 600 g
E) none
The mass of water remaining in the container is 669.03 g, so the mass of water that has evaporated is 30.97 g. Therefore, the answer is A) 429 g.
First, we need to calculate the initial energy (Q) of the water:
Q = m * c * ΔT
Where m is the mass of the water, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
Q = (700 g) * (4186 J/kg ∙ K) * (70.0°C - 25.0°C)
Q = 166.22 kJ
The heat added to the water (q) is 700 kJ. Since the heat added is greater than the initial energy of the water, some of the water will evaporate. We can calculate the amount of water that has evaporated using the following equation:
q = m * Lv
Where Lv is the latent heat of the vaporization of water.
m = q / Lv
m = (700 kJ) / (22.6 × 10^3 J/kg)
m = 30.97 g
Therefore, the mass of water that has evaporated is 30.97 g. The mass of water remaining in the container is:
m = m_initial - m_evaporated
m = 700 g - 30.97 g
m = 669.03 g
So, the answer is A) 429 g.
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Identify the three controls on an automobile that allow the car to be accelerated. (Circular Motion and Satellite Motion: Acceleration)
The three controls on an automobile that allow the car to be accelerated are the gas pedal, the transmission, and the engine.
The gas pedal controls the amount of fuel and air that enters the engine, which increases the power output of the engine. The transmission controls the gear ratio of the car, allowing it to maintain an appropriate speed based on the engine's power output.
The engine converts the fuel and air into mechanical energy, which is transmitted to the wheels through the transmission, resulting in the car's acceleration.
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Air is saturated when
A ) Its relative humidity is 100% B ) It contains minimum amount of moisture possible at that temperature C ) Its relative humidity is 0%
A) Its relative humidity is 100% - This is the correct option. When air is saturated, its relative humidity is at 100%, which means that it contains the maximum amount of moisture possible at that temperature.
What is humidity?Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air. It is an important physical property of the atmosphere and is related to the temperature and pressure of the air. It is typically expressed as a percentage of the maximum amount of water vapor that can be held in the air at a given temperature. High humidity can cause discomfort, making it difficult to cool off, while low humidity can cause dry skin and other health issues. Humidity also affects the rate of evaporation and can affect weather patterns.
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Complete Question:
Air is saturated when _______________
A ) Its relative humidity is 100%
B ) It contains minimum amount of moisture possible at that temperature
C ) Its relative humidity is 0%
D) None of these
which of the following ionic compounds has the largest lattice energy (i.e., the lattice energy most favorable to a stable lattice)? question 8 options: 1) bao 2) beo 3) csi 4) nabr 5) bas
The compound with the largest lattice energy is the one that has the greatest charge on its constituent ions and the smallest ionic radius. Among the given options, BaO has the largest lattice energy as it has a 2+ cation (Ba) and a 2- anion (O) with small ionic radii, resulting in a strong electrostatic attraction between the ions in the lattice. Thus, the correct answer is option 1) BaO.
To determine which of the following ionic compounds has the largest lattice energy, we need to consider their ionic charges and sizes. The options are:
1) BaO
2) BeO
3) CsI
4) NaBr
5) BaS
Lattice energy is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance between ions. Larger charges and smaller distances result in more favorable lattice energy.
1) BaO: Ba²⁺ and O²⁻ - Higher charges, but Ba is larger in size
2) BeO: Be²⁺ and O²⁻ - Higher charges, and Be is smaller in size
3) CsI: Cs⁺ and I⁻ - Lower charges, and both Cs and I are larger in size
4) NaBr: Na⁺ and Br⁻ - Lower charges, and both Na and Br are smaller in size compared to CsI
5) BaS: Ba²⁺ and S²⁻ - Higher charges, but Ba is larger in size
Comparing the options, BeO (option 2) has the largest lattice energy due to its higher ionic charges and smaller ionic size compared to the other compounds.
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as a woman walks, her entire weight is momentarily placed on one heel of her high-heeled shoes. calculate the pressure exerted on the floor by the heel if it has an area of 1.50 cm2 and the woman's mass is 65.0 kg. express the pressure in kpa.
The pressure exerted on the floor by the heel of the woman's high-heeled shoe is approximately 4251 kPa.
To calculate the pressure exerted on the floor by the heel of the woman's high-heeled shoe, we can use the formula:
pressure = force / area
First, we need to calculate the force exerted by the woman's heel on the floor. We know that her mass is 65.0 kg and that her entire weight is momentarily placed on one heel, so we can calculate the force as:
force = mass x acceleration due to gravity
force = 65.0 kg x 9.81 m/s
force = 637.65 N
Now that we have the force, we can calculate the pressure by dividing the force by the area of the heel:
pressure = force / area
pressure = 637.65 N / 1.50 cm²
We need to convert the area from cm² to m²:
1 cm² = 0.0001 m²
1.50 cm² = 0.00015 m²
pressure = 637.65 N / 0.00015 m²
pressure = 4,251,000 Pa
Finally, we can convert the pressure from Pa to kPa:
1 kPa = 1000 Pa
pressure = 4,251,000 Pa / 1000
pressure = 4251 kPa
Therefore, the pressure exerted on the floor by the heel of the woman's high-heeled shoe is approximately 4251 kPa.
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A plastic bowl is floating in a sink full of water. Which of the following describes the microscopic cause of the buoyant force exerted on the bowl by the water? Gravitational attraction between the molecules of the bowl and the molecules of the water Electrostatic attraction between the nuclei in the molecules in the bowl and the electrons in the molecules of the water Electrostatic repulsion between the nuclei in the molecules in the bowl and the nucles in the molecules of the water D Electrostatic repulsion between the electrons in the molecules in the bowl and the electrons in the molecules of the water
The correct option is D. The buoyant force exerted on the bowl by the water is caused by the electrostatic repulsion between the electrons in the molecules of the bowl and the electrons in the molecules of the water.
What is buoyant force?Buoyant force is a force that is exerted on an object when it is submerged in a fluid, such as a liquid or a gas. This upward force is caused by the fluid's pressure pushing up on the object, counteracting the force of gravity pushing down on the object. This force is often referred to as an "upthrust." The magnitude of the buoyant force depends on the density of the fluid, the volume of the object, and the depth at which the object is submerged. When an object is less dense than the fluid, the buoyant force acts to keep the object afloat.
This electrostatic repulsion creates a force that pushes the bowl up, making it float in the water.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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given what causes seasons, which of the following planets would have the most drastic temperature and hours of daylight difference between summer season and winter season? group of answer choices mars earth mercury venus uranus
Uranus would have the most drastic temperature and hours of daylight difference between summer season and winter season.
The seasons on Uranus are caused by its extreme tilt, which is at an angle of 98 degrees compared to its orbit around the sun. This means that one pole of the planet is constantly facing the sun while the other pole is in complete darkness. As Uranus orbits the sun, each pole alternates between facing the sun and facing away from it, causing extreme temperature and daylight differences between the summer and winter seasons. In addition, Uranus has a very long orbital period of 84 Earth years, so each season lasts for approximately 21 Earth years, making the temperature and daylight differences even more extreme. Therefore, Uranus would have the most drastic temperature and hours of daylight difference between summer season and winter season compared to Mars, Earth, Mercury, and Venus.
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14) The absolute temperature of a gas is T. In order to double the rms speed of its molecules, what should be the new absolute temperature?
A) 4T
B) 2T
C) T
D) 8T
E) 16T
In order to double the RMS speed of its molecules, the new absolute temperature is: 4T. The correct option is (E).
What is Absolute temperature?
Absolute temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system, usually a gas. It is measured in kelvin (K) and is based on the theoretical concept of absolute zero, which is the temperature at which all thermal motion ceases.
The new absolute temperature to double the RMS speed of molecules can be calculated using the root-mean-square speed formula: v_rms = √(3kT/m)
where v_rms is the root-mean-square speed, k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the absolute temperature, and m is the mass of a molecule.
If we want to double the RMS speed, we need to multiply it by 2. Therefore, the new root-mean-square speed becomes: 2v_rms = √(3kT₂/m)
Squaring both sides, we get:
(2v_rms)² = 3kT₂/m
4(v_rms)² = 3kT₂/m
Substituting v_rms² = 3kT/m, we get:
4(3kT/m) = 3kT₂/m
12kT/m = 3kT₂/m
T₂ = 4T
Therefore, the new absolute temperature required to double the RMS speed of molecules is 4T, which is option (E).
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Complete question:
The absolute temperature of a gas is T. In order to double the rms speed of its molecules, what should
be the new absolute temperature?
(A) 16T
(B) 8T
(C) 2T
(D) √2T
(E) 4T
The intensity of electromagnetic radiation from the sun reaching the earth's upper atmosphere is 1.37kW/m2
Assuming an average wavelength of 680nm for this radiation, find the number of photons per second that strike a 1.30m2 solar panel directly facing the sun on an orbiting satellite.
The number of photons per second striking a solar panel facing the sun on an orbiting satellite is approximately 6.65 x 10^21.
How many photons per second strike a solar panel facing the sun on an orbiting satellite?
To find the number of photons per second that strike a 1.30m2 solar panel directly facing the sun on an orbiting satellite, we can use the formula:
Number of photons per second = (power per unit area) / (energy per photon)
The power per unit area of the electromagnetic radiation from the sun reaching the earth's upper atmosphere is given as 1.37 kW/m2.
We can use the following formula to compute the energy per photon:
Energy per photon =
(Planck's constant x speed of light) / (wavelength)
Where Planck's constant (h) is 6.626 x 10^-34 Joule-seconds and the speed of light (c) is 2.998 x 10^8 meters per second.
Substituting the given values, we get:
Energy per photon = (6.626 x 10^-34 Joule-seconds x 2.998 x 10^8 meters per second) / (680 x 10^-9 meters)
= 3.097 x 10^-19 Joules
Now, substituting these values in the formula for the number of photons per second, we get:
Number of photons per second = (1.37 x 10^3 Watts/m2) / (3.097 x 10^-19 Joules/photon) x (1.30 m2)
= 6.65 x 10^21 photons/second
Therefore, approximately 6.65 x 10^21 photons per second strike a 1.30m2 solar panel directly facing the sun on an orbiting satellite.
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antenna area with effective waevlength of 10^4 earth radii. what is the frequency of teh radiations emitted?
The frequency of the radiations emitted is approximately 3 kHz. To determine the frequency of the radiations emitted by an antenna with an effective wavelength of 10^4 Earth radii, we can use the formula:
Frequency (f) = Speed of Light (c) / Wavelength (λ)
The Earth's radius is approximately 6,371 kilometers. So, the effective wavelength (λ) is:
λ = 10^4 Earth radii * 6,371 km = 63,710,000 km
To find the frequency, we will need to convert the wavelength to meters:
λ = 63,710,000 km * 1,000 m/km = 63,710,000,000 m
Now, we can find the frequency:
f = c / λ
f = 299,792,458 m/s / 63,710,000,000 m = 0.004708 Hz ≈ 3 kHz
Therefore, the antenna's effective wavelength is given as 10^4 Earth radii, which translates to 63,710,000 km. By using the formula f = c/λ, we can calculate the frequency of the radiations emitted by the antenna to be approximately 3 kHz.
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Laser Surgery Each pulse produced by an argon-fluoride excimer laser used in PRK and LASIK ophthalmic surgery lasts only 10. 0 ns but delivers an energy of 2. 50 mJ.
part a: What is the power produced during each pulse?
part b: If the beam has a diameter of 0. 850 mm, what is the average intensity of the beam during each pulse?
part c: If the laser emits 55 pulses per second, what is the average power it generates?
Laser Surgery Each pulse produced by an argon-fluoride excimer laser used in PRK and LASIK ophthalmic surgery lasts only 10. 0 ns but delivers an energy of 2. 50 mJ.
Part a The power produced during each pulse is 0.25 W.
Part b The average intensity of the beam during each pulse is 441 kW/ [tex]mm^{2}[/tex].
Part c The average power generated by the laser is 13.75 W.
Part a
Power = Energy / Time
Power = 2.50 mJ / (10.0 ns) = 0.25 W
Therefore, the power produced during each pulse is 0.25 W.
Part b
Average Intensity = Power / Area
Area = π[tex](d/2)^{2}[/tex] = 0.566 [tex]mm^{2}[/tex]
Average Intensity = 0.25 W / 0.566 mm^2 = 441 kW/ [tex]mm^{2}[/tex]
Therefore, the average intensity of the beam during each pulse is 441 kW/ [tex]mm^{2}[/tex].
Part c
Average Power = Power per Pulse x Frequency
Power per Pulse = 0.25 W
Frequency = 55 pulses/s
Average Power = 0.25 W x 55 pulses/s = 13.75 W
Therefore, the average power generated by the laser is 13.75 W.
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the expansion of the universe means that a. as time goes by, space itself expands carrying the galaxies along with it. b. galaxies that is further away is moving faster away from the earth, since earth is at the center. c. as time goes by, galaxies move away from each other through empty space. d. each object in the universe expands its size.
The expansion of the universe means that as time goes by, space itself expands carrying the galaxies along with it.
The expansion of the universe refers to the phenomenon where the distances between galaxies are increasing over time. This means that the universe is expanding, and the galaxies are moving away from each other. It is important to note that it is not the galaxies themselves that are moving, but the space between them that is expanding. This is known as the metric expansion of space.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is option A: as time goes by, space itself expands carrying the galaxies along with it.
Option B is incorrect because the Earth is not at the centre of the universe, and option C is partially correct but does not fully capture the nature of the expansion. Option D is also incorrect as objects in the universe do not expand in size due to the expansion of the universe.
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calculate the pressure in pascals exerted on a tabletop by a cube of iron that is 1.50 centimeters on each side and has a mass of 26.6 grams.
The pressure in pascals exerted on a tabletop by a cube of iron that is 1.50 centimeters on each side and has a mass of 26.6 grams then the pressure exerted on the tabletop by the iron cube is 1,159,555.56 pascals.
To calculate the pressure in pascals exerted on a tabletop by the iron cube, we need to use the formula: Pressure = Force/Area. The force is equal to the weight of the cube, which can be calculated as mass times gravitational acceleration (9.8 m/s^2).
First, we need to convert the dimensions of the cube from centimeters to meters, so each side is 0.015 meters. The volume of the cube is then 0.015^3 = 3.375 x 10^-6 cubic meters.
Next, we can calculate the density of iron, which is 7,870 kg/m^3. Using the formula density = mass/volume, we can convert the mass of the cube from grams to kilograms: 26.6 grams = 0.0266 kilograms.
The weight of the cube is then: weight = mass x gravity = 0.0266 x 9.8 = 0.26068 newtons.
Finally, we can calculate the pressure exerted on the tabletop by the cube: Pressure = Force/Area. The area of the bottom of the cube is equal to the length times width, which is (0.015 m)^2 = 2.25 x 10^-4 square meters.
Therefore, Pressure = 0.26068/2.25 x 10^-4 = 1,159,555.56 pascals.
So the pressure exerted on the tabletop by the iron cube is 1,159,555.56 pascals.
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19) A 200-L electric water heater uses 2.0 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how many hours would it take to heat the water in this tank from 23°C to 75°C? The specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg ∙ K and its density is 1000 kg/m3.
A) 5.0. hours
B) 6.0 hours
C) 7.0 hours
D) 8.0 hours
B) The water tank contains 200 kg of water. It requires 4.35 x 10^7 J of energy to heat the water from 23°C to 75°C. With a 2 kW electric water heater, it will take approximately 6.0 hours to heat the water.
First, we need to calculate the mass of water in the tank:
mass = volume * density
[tex]mass = 200 L * 1000 kg/m^3[/tex]
mass = 200 kg
Next, we can calculate the energy required to heat the water:
[tex]Q = m * c * ΔT[/tex]
Where m is the mass of the water, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
ΔT = 75°C - 23°C
ΔT = 52°C
Q = (200 kg) * (4186 J/kg ∙ K) * (52°C)
[tex]Q = 4.348 × 10^7 J[/tex]
We can now calculate the time required to heat the water using the power of the electric water heater:
P = Q / t
Where P is the power, Q is the energy required to heat the water, and t is the time.
t = Q / P
[tex]t = (4.348 × 10^7 J) / (2.0 × 10^3 W)[/tex]
t = 21740 s
t = 6.04 hours (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, the answer is B) 6.0 hours.
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Which describes the amplitude of a wave when it carries more energy?.
The amplitude of a wave increases when it carries more energy.
The amplitude of a wave when it carries more energy can be described as "larger" or "higher."
A larger or higher amplitude means that the wave has more energy. In simple terms, amplitude refers to the maximum displacement of a wave from its equilibrium position, and higher amplitude waves have a greater intensity or power. This can be observed in various types of waves such as sound waves, electromagnetic waves, or mechanical waves. When the amplitude increases, the energy of the wave also increases, which is directly related to the amount of work done to produce the wave.
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when light of wavelength 450 nm is incident on potassium, photoelectrons with stopping potential of 0.52 v are emitted. If the wavelength of the incident light is changed to 300 nm, the stopping potential is 1.90 V. Using only these numbers together with the values of the speed of light and the electron charge, find the work function of potassium and compute a value for Planck's constant.
The average of these two values is 6.12 x 10-34 Js, which is the value of Planck's constant.
What is average?Average is a term used to describe a value or set of values that is typical or representative of a group of values. It is a measure of central tendency and is calculated by adding all the values in a set and then dividing by the number of values in the set. Average values can provide an overall picture of a data set, helping to identify trends and outliers.
For 450 nm: Work Function (W) = 0.52 V x 1.602 x 10-19 C = 8.25 x 10-19 J
For 300 nm: Work Function (W) = 1.90 V x 1.602 x 10-19 C = 3.02 x 10-18 J
f = c/λ
Using these equations, we can calculate a value for Planck's constant for each wavelength of light:
For 450 nm: h = E/f = 8.25 x 10-19 J/(3.00 x 108 m/s/0.45 x 10-9 m) = 6.17 x 10-34 Js
For 300 nm: h = E/f = 3.02 x 10-18 J/(3.00 x 108 m/s/0.30 x 10-9 m) = 6.07 x 10-34 Js
The average of these two values is 6.12 x 10-34 Js, which is the value of Planck's constant.
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a 3 kg wooden block slides 5m down a wooden incline at constant velocity .calculate increase in system thermal energy g
To calculate the increase in system thermal energy for a 3 kg wooden block sliding 5m down a wooden incline at constant velocity, follow these steps:
1. Determine the angle of the incline:
Unfortunately, the angle of the incline is not provided in the question. Let's assume the angle is θ.
2. Calculate the gravitational force acting on the block:
The gravitational force (Fg) can be calculated using the formula
Fg = m * g,
where
m is the mass of the block (3 kg) and
g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²).
So, Fg = 3 kg * 9.8 m/s²
= 29.4 N.
3. Calculate the component of the gravitational force acting parallel to the incline:
The parallel component of the gravitational force (F_parallel) can be calculated using the formula F_parallel = Fg * sin(θ).
4. Determine the work done by the parallel component of the gravitational force:
The work done (W) can be calculated using the formula
W = F_parallel * d,
where
d is the distance the block slides down the incline (5m).
5. Calculate the increase in system thermal energy:
Since the block is sliding at constant velocity, the work done by the parallel component of the gravitational force is equal to the increase in system thermal energy. So, ΔE_thermal = W.
To find the exact value for the increase in system thermal energy, the angle of the incline (θ) is needed.
However, based on the information provided and the steps outlined above, you can calculate the increase in system thermal energy once the angle is known.
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Each member of a family of six owns a computer rated at 500 watts in a 120 V circuit. If all computers are plugged into a single circuit protected by a 20 ampere fuse, what is the maximum number of the computers can be operating at the same time?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5 or more
First, we need to calculate the total power being used by the computers:
6 computers x 500 watts/computer = 3000 watts
Next, we need to calculate the current (in amperes) that this amount of power would draw:
P = VI
3000 watts = 120V x I
I = 25 amperes
Since the circuit is protected by a 20 ampere fuse, we cannot have all 6 computers operating at the same time. To determine the maximum number of computers that can be operating at the same time, we need to divide the total current draw by the maximum current allowed:
20 amps ÷ 25 amps/computer = 0.8 computers
Since we cannot have a fraction of a computer operating, the maximum number of computers that can be operating at the same time is 0. Therefore, the answer is A) 2.
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