older clades are more species rich because they have had more time to accrue diversity than younger clades
cladistics are a way of classifying animals based on the same traits they have like hair or claws
clades are a group of organisms believed to have evolved from a common ancestor, according to the principles of cladistics.
"the great ape and human clade"
nih
biologydictionarynet
professordaveexplains
How will changes in arterial PO2 impact ventilation?
The minute ventilation increases as PaO2 decreases. Regarding PaCO2, it is mediated over a few seconds by peripheral chemoreceptors. arterial oxygenation, unlike PaCO2, has little impact on cerebral chemoreceptors.
What clinical importance does PO2 have?The partial pressure of oxygen, or PO2, measures how much dissolved oxygen gas is present in the blood. It essentially assesses how well the lungs are able to draw oxygen from the air into the bloodstream. Increased pO2 levels are related to: increased oxygen content of the air being breathed.
The patient is well oxygenated if pO2 and SaO2 values are normal or slightly increased; To identify whether acidosis or alkalosis is present, take note of the pH level. A pH of 7.35 and a pH of >7.45 suggest acidosis and alkalosis, respectively.
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Organisms that live in the tundra biomes have developed unique adaptations that aid in their survival. the labrador tea plant is a shrub that grows to be approximately five feet tall. its leaves are used by human residents of the arctic tundra to create both beverages and medicine. the leaves are harvested from each plant individually off the branches throughout the year. how has the labrador tea plant adapted to enable its survival against the cold of the tundra biome? a. shallow roots b. dense hairs c. retention of dead leaves d. low to the ground
Answer: I believe dense hairs since they have fuzz on the underside of their leaves to retain warmth, could also be low to the ground since they are a shrub based on the text given
Explanation:
A mutation that causes resistance in a population of beetles is an example of _______. a. macroevolution b. microevolution c. migration d. reproduction please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
A mutation that causes resistance in a population of beetles is an example of microevolution and the reason is mutation.
Evolution means when something evolves or changes and gets adopted because of those changes eliminating the previous population and getting fit in the environment and then leading life and growing and increasing their population. Evolution can be both macros which means evolution which is bigger and got sustained for a longer time and microevolution which means evolved but was not able to be sustained for a longer duration and is the change in allele frequencies that occurs over time within a population. This change is due to four different processes: mutation, selection, gene flow, and genetic drift. This change happens over a relatively short amount of time and in the case of the beetle's population, it is an example of microevolution because mutations are changes in genetic level so beetles were able to survive but not for a longer time and the changes didn't leave it effect for longer periods of time and few pieces of evidence of it are pesticide resistance, herbicide resistance, and antibiotic resistance are all examples of microevolution by natural selection.To know more about microevolution this click at https://brainly.com/question/8318826
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Answer:
Microevolution
Explanation:
____________ occurs when a mutation causes a change in the h and n spikes on the influenza virus.
Antigenic drift occurs when a mutation causes a change in the h and n spikes on the influenza virus.
"Antigenic drift" is a method via which influenza viruses can evolve. The influenza virus's surface proteins, HA (hemagglutinin) and NA (neuraminidase), can alter due to tiny changes (or mutations) in the genes of the virus known as drift.
The influenza virus's HA and NA surface proteins are "antigens," which means they are capable of being recognized by the immune system and of inducing an immunological response, including the creation of antibodies that can prevent infection.
As flu viruses multiply, the alterations brought on by antigenic drift happen continuously throughout time (i.e., infect a host and make copies of themselves). The majority of flu vaccines are made to specifically target flu virus HA surface proteins/antigens.
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The photo below shows living and non living things. how would you classify and loving things by domain and kingdom
Living things domains can be classified either as prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Living things are generally classified into five major kingdoms; which are as follows:
Kingdom MoneraKingdom ProtistsKingdom fungiKingdom PlantaeKingdom AnimaliaThe two domains mentioned above are used to classify living things on the basis presence or absence of nucleus.
The prokaryotes lack true nucleusThe eukaryotes possess true nucleus.What are the characteristics of living things?These are those characteristics or features which makes a living organism. They are:
MovementRespirationNutritionIrritabilityGrowthExcretionDeathAdaptationCompetitionSo therefore, living things domains can be classified either as prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They are classified into the kingdoms monera, protista, fungi, plant and animal kingdom respectively
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Which process occurs during a light-independent reaction?
A light source stimulates electrons to move through a chain of proteins called the electron transport chain.
The reaction uses the energy from ATP and NADPH molecules to form glucose from carbon dioxide.
Green chlorophyll molecules absorb solar energy.
ATP and NATPH molecules become energy carriers for the next stage of reactions.
The Calvin-Benson cycle and the light independent process both take place in the stroma of the chloroplast. Carbohydrates are created from carbon dioxide through a sequence of chemical processes.
These processes are powered by the ATP and NADPH produced during the light-dependent process.
What is referred to as photolysis?Photolysis is the interaction of one or more photons with one target molecule and is a chemical reaction in which an inorganic chemical (or an organic chemical) is broken down by photons. It is also referred to as photodissociation and photodecomposition.
ADP and a phosphate group are joined by the rotating ATP synthase to create ATP. This procedure, known as chemiosmosis, enables light-dependent electron transport to generate ATP in addition to NADPH (which is produced at the ETC's conclusion).
The Calvin cycle is also known as the C3 cycle, the nighttime reaction of photosynthesis, or the light-independent reaction. However, it is most active during the daytime when there is a surplus of ATP and NADPH.
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You have been asked to do a structural study to understand how increasing cell surface area affects cell size, shape, and function. What cell type would help you most efficiently observe the effects of increasing surface area?.
Answer:
parenchymal cell
Explanation:
it has a spacious environment
Why were t. brucei cells incubated with hydroxyurea overnight and washed afterward?
To ensure that most cells were in the same phase of the cell cycle at each time point measured.
What is the drug hydroxyurea used for?Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a malignancy of the white blood cells, is treated with hydroxyurea . For head and neck cancer, it may also be administered in conjunction with radiation therapy (advanced squamous cell cancer). Cancerous cells are prevented from growing as a result of hydroxyurea, and the body gradually eliminates them. A chemotherapy treatment called hydroxyurea (also known as hydroxy carbamate, Hydrea) has extended the lives of certain CMML patients. This medication is a capsule that needs to be swallowed every day. It can restore normal levels of monocytes and white blood cells. It might also aid in spleen enlargement reduction. For more than 20 years, hydroxyurea has been administered safely by several sickle cell disease patients. Children of all ages can handle it.To learn more about hydroxyurea, refer to:
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When two species interact within a habitat, competitive exclusion can be observed if?
When two species interact within a habitat, competitive exclusion can be observed when both species depend on same limiting resource and one species is better competitor for that resource.
what is competitive exclusion principle?
The principle of competitive exclusion states that two species competing for the same limiting resource cannot coexist at constant population values. If one species has the slightest advantage over another, the one with the advantage will dominate in the long run. This either leads to the extinction of the weaker competitor or to an evolutionary or behavioral shift to a different ecological niche. Competitive exclusion is rarely observed in natural ecosystems.
hence, if two species are inhabiting in same area then these will have same food requirement then competitive exclusion can be seen.
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Are changes to an organism's physical environment likely to result in an evolutionary change?
Yes. This statement is true. Changes to an organism's physical environment are likely to result in an evolutionary change.
When there's a change in an organism's environment, it forces the organisms to adapt to new changes. Eventually, it leads to evolutionary changes.
For example, if an organism eats a particular type of plant and then disease occurs and destroys all those plants, the organism either has to fight the disease or adapt to a new type of plant to fulfill its energy needs.
Moreover, when a particular type of organism is isolated and can't find similar mates to reproduce, mutations and chromosomal variations occur forcing them into a new environment and they eventually evolve into new species.
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help asp I will give BRAINILEST
the answer to match them with is:
• metal
• nonmetal
Radium: Metal
Calcium: Metal
Sulfur: Nonmetal
Sodium: Metal
Bromine: Nonmetal
Palladium: Metal
Hydrogen: Nonmetal
Carbon: Nonmetal
Hope this helps!
What should be considered before speaking, so there is not a context error in the
communication.
Choose three answers.
Location
Gender
Environment
Time
Location ,Gender ,Time should be considered before speaking, so there is not a context error in the communication.
Gender inequality creates barriers to effective sustainable development and livelihoods by limiting or restricting women's access to resources and decision-making opportunities. Thus, addressing gender gaps in ecosystems management is essential to achieve conservation goals, community wellbeing and human rights.
Nonverbal communication involves passive communication through the use of gestures, tone of voice, body language and facial expressions to share your thoughts and feelings. You can even communicate non-verbally by the way you dress. Nonverbal communication often supports or adds to verbal communication.
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Location ,Gender ,Time should be considered before speaking, so there is not a context error in the communication.
Because gender disparity restricts or limits women's access to resources and decision-making opportunities, it presents challenges to successful sustainable development and livelihoods. In order to fulfill conservation objectives, community well-being, and human rights, it is crucial to eliminate gender imbalances in ecosystem management.
Using gestures, tone of voice, body language, and facial expressions to transmit your ideas and feelings is known as nonverbal communication. Even your clothing choices might convey nonverbal messages. Frequently, nonverbal communication augments or complements verbal communication.
This includes anything that can be seen with the eye. Its manifestations include facial emotions, hand gestures, posture, touch, and stance, among others. According to study, we communicate daily via nonverbal or physical means to the tune of 55%.
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At the neuromuscular junction, the nerve releases which neurotransmitter to activate receptors on the muscle cell membrane?.
At the neuromuscular junction, the nerve releases acetylcholine (ACh).
The organic molecule acetylcholine serves as a neurotransmitter in the bodies and brains of numerous species of animals. It is an ester of acetic acid and choline, which is how its name was formed from its chemical composition. Cholinergic refers to bodily regions that use or are impacted by acetylcholine.Acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter, is found in preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons of the autonomic nervous system. These are represented by the red ACh in the ganglion in Figure 11.2 All of the parasympathetically innervated organs use ACh as their neurotransmitter, including the adrenal medulla. The sympathetic ANS's piloerector muscle and sweat glands both contain the neurotransmitter ACh.Otto Loewi originally referred to acetylcholine, the first neurotransmitter identified, as "vagus stuff" because of its capacity to imitate electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve.Therefore, ACh is the correct answer.
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Most fats and fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed and carried through the ______ system.
Most fats and fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed and carried through the lymphatic system.
In the digestive system, absorption of digested food takes place in the intestine. To increase the surface area for absorption, the small intestine contains tiny projections called microvilli. Each of these microvilli contains blood vessels that absorb digested food and nutrients like carbohydrates and proteins into the blood stream and takes them to the liver through the hepatic portal vein. As for fats and fat-soluble nutrients though, they do not take this route - their molecules are just too big
Instead, fats and fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed through a different route, the lymphatic system. The microvillus in the small intestine also contains a vessel called the lacteal. This vessel is used for absorption of fats and leads to the lymphatic system. The molecules of fat are then further broken down and deposited in the heart, where they are absorbed into the blood vessels.
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What type of cryptosystem commonly makes use of a passage from a well-known book for the encryption key?
The correct answer for this question is
Running key ciphers often use a passage from a commonly available book as the encryption key.
Symmetric cryptography is one type of cryptography (also known as secret key cryptography or private key cryptography). Because it is much faster than asymmetric cryptography, symmetric cryptography is best suited for bulk encryption. Both parties use the same key in symmetric cryptography.
A book cipher, also known as an Ottendorf cipher, is a type of cipher in which the key is a feature of a book or other text. In the present day, books are more practical for this application than items created particularly for cryptography reasons because they are generally available and common.
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Which statement is correct about honey?
Answer:
It contains monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrate.
Explanation:
This is the best given answer to this question!
How many turns of the double helix must be unwound during replication of the e. coli chromosome?
It is given in the question that the E. coli chromosome contains 4,639,221 base pairs.
As we know that the one turn of double-stranded chromosome contains ten base pairs.
Therefore, if we need to find the number of turns for 4,639,221 base pairs, then we need to divide it by ten.
Hence, the number of turns of the double helix that is required for unwinding during replication of E. coli is 463922.
What is E. coli ?E. coli or Escherichia coli is a type of bacteria that is known to reside in our intestines. E. coli belongs to the family of Enterobacteriaceae. When this bacteria is found in urine, then it can cause some dangerous urine infections, ultimately infecting urinary tract infections.
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It has mostly (20)___________ connective tissue it is composed of a network of (21)__________ and elastic fibers it contains (22)_________ vessels and a rich (23)________ supply
It has mostly (20)_____dense irregular connective tissue______ connective tissue it is composed of a network of (21)____Protein fibres including collagen I and III______ and elastic fibers it contains (22) ___blood vessel and lymphpatic______ vessels and a rich (23)____fibrillin-rich microfibrils____ supply
What is dermal layer ?The middle layer of skin on your body is called the dermis. It has a variety of functions, such as defending your body from injury, sustaining your epidermis, allowing you to experience varied feelings, and creating perspiration and hair.
The skin is made up of three tissue layers: epidermis, the outermost layer. The middle layer is the dermis. The bottom, or fatty layer, is the hypodermis.Collagen fibres are thinly arranged in the papillary layer of the dermis, which is its top layer. Thicker collagen fibres are placed parallel to the skin's surface in the lowest layer, which is called the reticular layer.Learn more about Dermal layer here:
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Read this sentence from the section "Molecules Make It To Earth."
The experiment took about six days to complete in the lab. It yielded just 100 micrograms of the artificial cometary ice residue.
Which answer choice MOST closely fits the meaning of the word "yielded" above?
condensed
froze
produced
analyzed
The answer choice that most closely fits the meaning of the word "yielded" above is known to be called option C: produced.
What Is the experimental yield?The actual quantity of product a person tends to receive after doing a a specific experiment is known as the experimental yield. The percentage yield is seen as the measurement of how much of the theoretical yield a person actually gets or received in a certain experiment.
Since it is the quantity that is the experimental yield if a reaction is complete and the actual yield of the product is said to be calculated. Hence, The answer choice that most closely fits the meaning of the word "yielded" above is known to be called option C: produced.
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It is difficult to study the specialized abilities of the left and right cerebral hemispheres in the brains of normal individuals because.
It is difficult to study the specialized abilities of the left and right cerebral hemispheres in the brains of normal individuals because the information is exchanged between the two hemispheres swiftly and thoroughly.
The longitudinal fissure divides the two cerebral hemispheres that make up the vertebrate cerebrum (brain). Therefore, the left and right cerebral hemispheres of the brain can be considered to be separate. The cerebral cortex, which is the outermost layer of grey matter in each of these hemispheres, is supported by an inner layer of white matter. In eutherian (placental) mammals, the corpus callosum, a massive bundle of nerve fibers, connects the hemispheres. Other vertebrates also have smaller commissures that connect the hemispheres, including as the fornix, anterior commissure, and posterior commissure. To coordinate regional operations, these commissures transmit information between the two hemispheres.The cerebral hemispheres have three known poles.The information is exchanged between the two hemispheres swiftly and thoroughly.
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The ligaments that connect bones are anchored to the:________
a. synovial membrane
b. osteons
c. periosteum
d. matrix
The periosteum is where the tendons and the ligaments attach to the bone.
Sharpey's fibres, which extend to the outer circumferential and interstitial lamellae of bone, are strong collagenous fibres that bind the periosteum to the bone. An outside "fibrous layer" and an inner "cambium layer" make up the periosteum.
What is Ligament ?Usually used to hold structures together and keep them stable, a ligament is a fibrous connective tissue that links bone to bone.
The articulation ligaments come in three different varieties: intracapsular, extracapsular, and capsular. They differ based on where they are within a joint.Your joints' ligaments are bands of strong, elastic tissue. They bind bones together, support your joints, and restrict joint movement. Your elbows, shoulders, knees, and other joints are all surrounded by ligaments.Learn more about Ligament here:
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A hurricane blows across a caribbean island. the storm flattens trees, drowns or washes away a large number of plants and animals. as a result of the storm, carrying capacity of the island is temporarily reduced for many of the island species
Answer:
The storm is a density-independent limiting factor, because population size and density do not alter the storm's effect
Explanation:
The system parameter that has the potential to significantly alter the output factor is referred to simply as the limiting factor.
The density-independent main limitation could be an earthquake, thunderstorm, flood, or storm. These natural disasters can destroy all animals, regardless of population size.
Whatever the population size, the storm is a density-independent limitation force that will wipe all plants and animals.
As a result, it is a density major limitation since it has an impact on population growth. By reducing the range of animals and plants that are found there, these causes also limit the area's biodiversity.
But over time, the both plant as well as animal populations that survived increase once more and support the formation of a comparable ecosystem in the region.
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Dew Is droplets of water that appear on plants in the morning as a result of water In the atmosphere cooling overnight
and changing into a llquld that clumps together. Dew is an example of_______
Dew Is droplets of water that appear on plants in the morning as a result of water In the atmosphere cooling overnight and changing into a liquid that clumps together. Dew is an example of condensation.
The condensation of water vapors results in dew drops. Hot air contains more water vapors as compared to cold air. The temperature gets cold at night and the hot air comes in contact with a cold surface, condensation happens and dew is formed.
The water papers condense on the cold surface and droplets are formed this condensation continues to happen till early morning.
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- Hello! I am currently in the systematical process, of completing a FRQ, for my AP Psychology, course, and was wondering, if you could potentially, provide assistance; help, on this scenario, as follows:
Prompt: Eighteen-year-old Jennifer is afraid of heights. She has sought professional help to overcome this paralyzing fear but to little avail. When she is higher than two stories, she is reminded of a frightening trip to a high observation deck as a child. Each time Jennifer knows she will be in a high place, she plans out her approach days ahead but is anxious and agitated until the moment arrives. She realizes her fears are irrational but cannot seem to help her behavior.
A) Explain how the following approaches to psychology would help Jennifer understand the causes of her fears.
• Humanistic
• Psychoanalytic
• Cognitive
• Behavioral
• Sociocultural
B) Explain how the following types of psychologists would attempt to examine Jennifer’s behavior.
• Counseling
• Developmental
Answer:
A) Behavioral
B) Developmental
Can someone answer these questions?
1. If antibiotics typically target peptidoglycan in the cell wall, then which type of bacteria
would be more difficult to kill and why?
2. Why is all the color lost when thin-walled bacteria are washed with alcohol during the
staining process?
3. Are bacteria living or non-living?
4. What is the purpose of Gram staining?
5. What pigment gives each stain its color?
Answer:1.Gram-positive bacteria, 2.some of the bacteria are able to retain the primary stain and some are decolorized by alcohol.
Explanation:
1. those species with peptidoglycan outer layers, are easier to kill - their thick peptidoglycan layer absorbs antibiotics and cleaning products easily. In contrast, their many-membraned cousins resist this intrusion with their multi-layered structure. Therefore, infection prevention techniques must ensure that they can breach the thick peptidoglycan layer of the Gram-positive bacteria but also get through the many layers of the Gram-negative bacteria. 2. The cell walls of gram positive bacteria have a thick layer of protein-sugar complexes called peptidoglycan and lipid content is low
i hope this helps :)
Assembly of new nucleosomes is carried out by complexes abbreviated ________.
a. caf
b. terc
c. tls
d. dsb
e. ssb
Option A: Assembly of new nucleosomes is carried out by complexes abbreviated CAF.
CAF stands for Chromatin Assembly Factor. It forms the protein complex that moderates the assembly. It is essential to keep the synthesized DNA in a stable form. It is responsible for assembling the new nucleosomes in the DNA molecules. A nucleosome is a basic structural unit of DNA packaging in the cells.
Eukaryotic DNA is packed with proteins in the form of chromatin fibers. This chromatin structure packed with proteins is re-established during each cell cycle. DNA comprises histones, the proteins that provide structure to the nucleosome. The CAF introduces these histones onto newly synthesized DNA.
One of the two subunits of CAF-1 in humans is known as p150. It targets the CAF1 to the replication fork of DNA through protein-protein interactions with the help of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA).
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The ability of a cell to bind dna to its surface and import it is required for which genetic process?
Transduction is the process by which genetic material is transferred from donor to recipient within a bacteriophage.
What is Transduction ?The method by which a virus spreads its genetic material from one bacterium to another is called transduction. Bacteriophages, a type of virus, can infect bacterial cells and use them as hosts to produce other viruses.
Both virulent and temperate phages frequently undergo transduction via the lytic or lysogenic cycle. There are two forms of transduction: Generalized Transduction: In this process, any DNA segment can be carried by the phage. In specialised transduction, the phage only transports the designated region of DNA.Learn more about Transduction here:
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which organism heterotrophs or autotrophs are more important in an ecosystem?
Answer:
Autotrophs are vital to all ecosystems because all organisms need organic molecules and only autotrophs can produce them from inorganic compounds.
16 The diagram below shows an experiment to investigate a certain physiological process String - Beaker Half filled visking tubing With Concentrated Salt Solution Distilled water a) Account for the observation made at the end of the experiment (4mks)
Answer:
In tube 3, water molecules are moving towards higher concentration i.e., from beaker to tube content, thus the mass increases but in case of tube 4, water is moving out from tube contents to beaker, as the beaker contains more concentrated solution. Thus, the correct answer is 'Water is moving into Tube 3, and water is moving out of Tube 4.'
Solve any question of Excretory Products
Which igneous rock has an amorphus texture?
