Because metals like sodium and potassium react so violently that they catch fire if left out in the open, these substances are maintained beneath oil. Lithium is also kept under oil. They are thus maintained submerged in kerosene oil as protection.
Why are the lithium, sodium, and potassium in their jars stored underneath oil?Lithium, potassium, and sodium are very reactive metals that react quickly with both air and water. As a result, they are maintained submerged in kerosene oil to avoid exposure to air and moisture.
Heat, hydrogen gas, and the equivalent metal hydroxide are all products of the reaction between alkali metals and water. A fire or an explosion might happen from this reaction's heat igniting the hydrogen or the metal itself. heavy metals made of alkali.
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Which of these statements is justification for the following conclusion: “Right now, there is no way to avoid making pollution when making photovoltaic panels.”
Answer: 1.Think of the English alphabet. Millions of words can be made from only 26 letters! The same thing is true of elements and compounds. Elements are the basic form of matter which cannot be broken down any further. A few common elements make most of the planet’s many compounds. Different compounds combine to make all of the things around us. These include rocks, air, water, and even people.2 Let’s take a trip to Maui in the Hawaiian Islands. You must cross the Pacifi c Ocean. You travel over seawater made of hydrogen, oxygen, sodium, chlorine, and traces of other elements. Pure water has only hydrogen and oxygen. When you get to the island, you walk on the sand. Sand is tiny bits of worn-out rock mostly made of oxygen and silicon. A breeze hits your face. The air is made of nitrogen, oxygen, a little argon, and carbon dioxide. There are also very small amounts of other gases. 3 As you walk around, you see volcanic rocks and mountains on the island. They are made of mixtures of oxygen and silicon, with magnesium, aluminum, potassium, iron, and small amounts of other elements. Green volcanic rock is also common on the island. It has a heavy concentration of iron and magnesium. 4 You also see all the plants and animals. The Hawaiian Islands contain much diversity. You see many beautiful trees, bushes, and fl owers. You see a Hawaiian tree, an orchid on that tree, a beetle crawling on the ground, and a native Hawaiian. These are all examples of living matter made of the elements hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in living matter. 5 As you leave Hawaii, you marvel at what you’ve seen. You are amazed at how so many compounds can be made from so few elements. A few simple elements can combine to make many, many different things.
Explanation:
a solution of enzyme a has a ph of 888. based on the graph, which ph change would result in higher enzyme activity?
A solution of enzyme a has a pH of 8. based on the graph, pH change would result in higher enzyme activity is by decreasing the pH value to 6.
The enzymes are also called as protein. the very low pH and the very high pH lead to decrease the enzyme activity. At optimal pH value the enzyme activity is at higher. The optimal temperature reference range id from 4 to 6 called as optimal pH at the optimal pH enzyme would result in higher activity.
Thus, A solution of enzyme a has a pH of 8. based on the graph, pH change would result in higher enzyme activity is by decreasing the pH value to 6.
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List 5 signs of physical change
Answer:
Common physical changes include melting, change of size, volume, color, density, and crystal form.
Explanation:
calculate the average atomic mass of copper if 69.15 of naturally occuring copper is cu-63 and 30.85 is cu 65
Identify
the property of the components that makes it possible to use distillation to
separate the 2-propanol from water.
Distillation is a method of separating mixtures, which is based on difference in the volatility of a boiling liquid mixture. The property of a component which separates the 2-propanol from the water is a boiling point.
In the distillation method, the two components are separated based on their different boiling points. For example, in the mixture of 2-propanol and water, propanol has less boiling point than the water, which is 82.5°C. So when we apply heat to the mixture, 2-propanol is separated in the form of vapour and it is immediately cooled by the action of cold water in a condenser. The another examples of distillation method is purification of alcohol, separation of gasoline from crude oil etc.
Therefore, the property of the components that makes it possible to use distillation to separate the 2-propanol from water is boiling point.
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Based on the parameters set forth in your lab procedure, what is the ph you should observe when you added the hcl to water?.
The pH of acid is less than 7 and that of water is 7. HCl is a strong acid and it have a pH of about 3. If we add HCl into water, the acidity of water increases and its pH becomes less in arrange of 4-5.
What is pH?pH of a substance is the measure of its acidity of basicity. It is the measure of H+ concentration in the solution. Mathematically it is equal to negative logarithm of H+ ions concentration.
If a solution has a pH below 7 it is acidic and if it is more than 7 the solution is basic. Acids are having more H+ ions and thus having lower pH. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid and have a pH in range of 2-3.
Water is neutral. If any acid is added to water it turns to acidic pH. Hence if HCl is added to water, then the pH of water turn to 3-5 based on the concentration of acid.
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g 10. based on the reaction in question 9, write the expression for the equilibrium constant (ka) of acetic acid.
the expression for the equilibrium constant (ka) of acetic acid is :
CH₃COOH + H₂O ⇄ CH₃COO⁻ + H₃O⁺
Ka = [CH₃COO⁻ ][H₃O⁺] / [ CH₃COOH ] [ H₂O ]
The acetic acid is the weak acid . it forms a homogeneous mixture with water and form H₃O⁺. The acetic acid equilibrium is given as :
CH₃COOH + H₂O ⇄ CH₃COO⁻ + H₃O⁺
The equilibrium constant ca be written as :
Ka = [CH₃COO⁻ ][H₃O⁺] / [ CH₃COOH ] [ H₂O ]
Thus, the expression for the equilibrium constant (ka) of acetic acid is :
CH₃COOH + H₂O ⇄ CH₃COO⁻ + H₃O⁺
Ka = [CH₃COO⁻ ][H₃O⁺] / [ CH₃COOH ] [ H₂O ]
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select each alcohol functional group present in the following molecule that when treated with pcl3 or pbr3 would yield an alkyl halide at its position.
oose each ethanol functional group in the preceding molecule that, when subjected to pcl3 or pbr3, would result in the formation of an alkyl halide at position R3COH.
What is molecule explain?A is the smallest component of a chemical that keeps its content and properties. It is made up of two or even more atoms that are joined together by chemical bonds. Chemistry is built on molecules. The chemical name and a subscript indicating the number many atoms are used to identify molecules.
Is water a molecule?Molecules are created when atoms come together. One hydro (H) ions one and oxygen (O) atom make up the three atoms that make up a water molecule. Because of this, water is occasionally abbreviated as H2O. There are thousands of water molecules in a single drop of liquid.
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Which of the following types of energy is question 4 of 5
associated with movement?
O Potential
O Gravitahonal
O Kinetic
O Chemical
Answer:
Explanation:
the half-life of radioactive radium is about 1600 years. what percent of a present amount of radioactive radium will remain after years?
The percent of a present amount of radioactive radium after 100 years is 95.76%
Radium:
Radium is a chemical element with the symbol Ra. It is the sixth element in the Group 2 of the periodic table. Pure radium is silvery-white in color, but it combines with nitrogen readily on exposure to air and forms a black surface layer of radium nitride.
Here we have to find the percent of the present amount of radioactive radium remains after 100 years.
As we know:
y = a[tex]e^{-bt}[/tex]
y = a (at t =0)
as half-life:
0.5a = a[tex]e^{1600b}[/tex]
ln 0.5 = -1699b
b = -log 0.5/ 1600
Now model is:
y = a[tex]e^{log 0.5/1600 t}[/tex][tex]e^{log 0.5 / 1600 t}[/tex]
at t = 100
y = 0.95768
So there will be 95.76% radioactive radium after 100 years.
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What happens to the volume of the gas being measured (o2 consumption or co2 production) when the temperature or pressure changes during the experiment?.
Volume rises when temperature rises and pressure decreases, and vice versa. A gas's volume is inversely correlated with its temperature and inversely correlated with its volume.
Why not explain the gas law?Regulations governing how a gas's volume, pressure, and temperature are related Robert Boyle's law, which asserts that a gas's pressure P changes inversely with its volume V at constant temperature, or PV = k, where k is a constant, is known as the Boyle law.
A fixed temperature prevents any change in the internal energy of an ideal gas since the internal energy is proportional to temperature. As a result, the first law, which deals with variations in internal energy, becomes 0 = Q - W, resulting in Q = W.
When a gas is held at a constant temperature, its volume is inversely proportional to the pressure at which it is measured.
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a 10.0 ml aqueous solution of hcl, a strong acid, has a ph of 1.58. it is diluted by water to a final volume of 200 ml. what is the new ph?
The new pH will be 0.499.
The meaning of pH.A way to gauge how basic or acidic a material or solution is. A pH of 7 indicates neutrality on this scale, which implies it is neither acidic nor basic. It is more acidic and basic if the pH value is less than or equal to 7, respectively.
There are two ways to measure pH: colorimetrically using indicator fluids or papers, or electrochemically, which is more precise and uses electrodes and a millivoltmeter (pH meter).
pH = -log (H₃⁺O)
Thus, it is possible to state that the solution's pH will be after diluting it.
[tex]pH_{dil}[/tex] = -log [tex](H^{+} _{{} 3} 0)_{dil}[/tex]
[tex]pH_{dil}[/tex] = -log [tex](H^{+} _{{} 3} 0)_{dil}[/tex]/2
[tex]pH_{dil}[/tex] = -log (H₃⁺O)₀ - log2
pH₀ = -log (H₃⁺O)₀
pH₀ = -log (1.58)
pH₀ = 0.198
[tex]pH_{dil}[/tex] = log2 +pH₀
[tex]pH_{dil}[/tex] = log2 +0.198
[tex]pH_{dil}[/tex] = 0.499.
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Describe how a chemical change follows the law of conservation of matter.
Suppose a solid substance with a mass of 10.0 g is heated in a chemical reaction that produces a different solid substance and a gas, which escapes. Suppose the new solid substance has a mass of 6.5 g. What mass of gas was produced?
The mass of the gaseous product that we obtain is 3.5 g.
What is the law of conservation of mass?We know from the law of the conservation of mass that the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products. The meaning of this is that mass is neither created nor destroyed but the mass can be transformed from one form to another.
We have been told in the question that a mass of 10.0 g is heated in a chemical reaction that produces a different solid substance and a gas, which escapes. Suppose the new solid substance has a mass of 6.5 g.
We know that the mass of the products is equal to the mass of the reactants and having known that we can write;
10.0 = 6.5 + x
Where x is the mass of the gaseous product
x = 10.0 - 6.5
= 3.5 g
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Seawater is 3.5% Sodium Chloride by mass. Sea Salt can contain about 10% water. How much water is removed from every Kilogram of Commercial Sea Salt?
The amount of water removed from every kilogram of commercial sea salt would be 27.57 kg.
Dimensional analysisSeawater contains 3.5% sodium chloride by mass. This means every 1 kg of seawater contains 0.035 kg of sodium chloride.
Sea salt contains about 10% water. This means every 1 kg of sea salt contains 0.1 kg of water.
In order to calculate the amount of water removed from every kilogram of commercial sea salt produced, we need to know the amount of seawater that will give 1 kilogram of sea salt.
We said every 1 kg of seawater contains 0.035 kg of salt. How many 0.035 kg can be found in 1kg?
1/0.035 = 28.57
This means 28.57 kg of seawater would need to be processed in order to have 1 kg of salt. Thus, the amount of water removed can be calculated as:
28.57 - 1 = 27.57 kg
In other words, about 27.57 kg of water is removed for every kilogram of commercial salt produced.
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100 grams of ice at 0 °c is placed in 500 grams of water at 50 °c. What is the final temperature and composition of the mixture?.
The final temperature of the mixture is -9.1°C.
Principle of a Calorimeter.Higher body temperatures release heat while lower body temperatures absorb it. The law of conservation of energy is demonstrated by the calorimetric principle, which states that the total amount of heat lost by a hot body is equal to the total amount of heat gained by a cold body.
Here,
Mass of water [tex]m_{w}[/tex] =500g
Mass of ice [tex]m_{i}[/tex] = 100g
Specific heat of water = 1 cal g⁻¹°c⁻¹
Specific heat of ice = 80 °cal g⁻¹
Let T represent the mixture's final temperature.
How much heat water loses
[tex]m_{w} s_{w}[/tex](∆T)w = 500×1(50-T)
Amount of heat that ice absorbs
[tex]m_{i} L_{fi}[/tex]+[tex]m_{i} s_{w}[/tex](∆T)i = 100×80×100×1(T-0)
In accordance with the calorimetry principle:
Heat gained minus Heat Lost
500×1(50-T) = 100×80+100×1(T-0)
500(50-T) = 8000+100T
2500-500T = 8000+100T
2500-8000 = 100T+500T
-5500 =600T
T = -5500/600
T = -9.1°C.
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The trend towards smaller atomic radii as one moves to the right in a period is _____.
The periodic table has a variety of different elements. Some substances are radioactive, some are dangerous, and some are noble gases.
what is the periodic table?The term "periodic table" refers to a table where elements having characteristics such as metals, non-metals, metalloids, and radioactive elements are arranged in increasing atomic number.
Atomic radii drop as we move from left to right in the periodic table due to an increase in effective nuclear charge. Only the number of electrons grows, increasing the number of protons in the nucleus and, consequently, the effective nuclear charge of the atom, which causes the size of the atom to decrease. There is no increase in the number of shells.
Consequently, there is a tendency for atomic radii to decrease as one proceeds to the right is caused by the effective nuclear charge growing over time.
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Which statement is accurate about dominant alleles?
A: They are indicated by lowercase letters.
B: They result in the trait of shortness in pea plants.
C: They are expressed only when a recessive allele is not present.
D: They are expressed whenever present.
The statement is accurate about dominant alleles is they are expressed whenever present.
The relation between two versions of a gene are called as dominant. when the individual receive the two version of gene of each parent of gene known as alleles. if gene of alleles are different , one allele will be expressed as the dominant gene. Dominant alleles are expressed as phenotypic cell. Dominant alleles are indicated by the uppercase of a letter. so the dominant allele is that will be more powerful than the another allele.
Thus, The statement is accurate about dominant alleles is they are expressed whenever present.
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Write the balanced ka and kb reactions for hso−3 in water. Include physical states for each species.
HSO⁻³ is an amphoteric substance (in this reactions is ion that can react both as an acid and as a base).
What is dissociation constant?The law of mass action, which defines equilibria in a more comprehensive fashion, has an immediate consequence called the dissociation constant. When speaking of salts, the ionization constant is another name for the dissociation constant. The term "association constant" refers to the inverse of the dissociation constant.
Kb is short for base dissociation constant. It is explained as the degree of base dissociation in solution.
Acid dissociation constant is referred to as Ka. It displays the degree of dissociation of an acid in a solution.
When HSO₃⁻ acts as acid, it gives protons to water:
HSO₃⁻(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄SO₄²⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq).
Ka = [SO₄²⁻] · [H₃O⁺] / [HSO₃⁻].
When HSO₃⁻ acts as base, it accepts protons from water:
HSO₃⁻(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ H₂SO₄(aq) + OH⁻(aq).
Kb = [H₂SO₄] · [OH⁻] / [HSO₃⁻].
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the molar solubility of manganese(ii) carbonate is 4.2 x 10-6 mol/l. what is the solubility product constant, ksp for manganese(ii) carbonate?
The molar solubility of manganese(ii) carbonate is 4.2 x 10-6 mol/l. what is the solubility product constant, ksp for manganese(ii) carbonate is 17.64 × 10⁻¹².
What is molar solubility?Molar solubility (M) is a unit of measurement for a compound's capacity to dissolve in a particular liquid, also known as a solvent. Molar solubility is measured in terms of moles/L since it is the most moles of a solute that can dissolve in one liter of solvent. The solution is said to be saturated when it can no longer dissolve any more solute and the number of moles dissolved in a liter of solvent equals the molar solubility.
The ionization equation for MNCO₃ is given as:
MnCO₃ → Mn²⁺ + CO₃²⁻
Ksp=[Mn²⁺][CO₃²⁻]
From chemical reaction 1 moles of manganese and carbon reacts
than, molar solubility of MnCO₃ = 4.2 × 10⁻⁶ M
4.2 × 10⁻⁶moles of [Mn²⁺] reacts,
than it also reacts with 4.2 × 10⁻⁶ M of CO₃
Thus,
Ksp = (4.2 × 10⁻⁶) x (4.2 × 10⁻⁶)
Ksp = 17.64 × 10⁽⁻⁶⁺⁽⁻⁶⁾⁾
Ksp = 17.64 × 10⁻¹²
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besides information on chemical concentration and water temperature, what other machine setting information should be posted on dish washing machines? besides information on chemical concentration and water temperature, what other machine setting information should be posted on dish washing machines?
Beside information on chemical concentration add water temperature, water pressure should also be posted on dish washing machines.
Temperatures for dishwashers are fixed by the manufacturer to make sure it’s the most efficient that it can be. An average dishwasher temperature runs its main cycle at about 130-140°F.1 This is because the temperature of water in the dishwasher needs to be hot enough to ensure that the detergent is fully dissolved and activated, while also dislodging any leftover food and grease. During the rinse phase, the water is heated to slightly higher temperatures of up to 180°F to make sure the dishes are safe to eat from.2 The high heat water also helps with the drying as the dishes will be warm
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at a certain temperature and pressure 5.6 l of n2 reacts with 8.4 l of o2. if all the n2 and o2 are consumed, what volume of n2o3, at the same temperature and pressure, will be produced?
The volume of N2O3 produced is 5.6 L.
What is Ideal gas law ?
The ideal gas law (also called the perfect gas law), the relationship between the pressure P, volume V, and temperature T of a gas in the boundary region between low pressure and high temperature. Gas molecules move almost independently. each other. In such cases, all gases obey an equation of state known as the ideal gas law:
PV = nRT, where n is the number of moles of gas, R is the universal (or complete) gas constant, 8.31446261815324 Joules/ Kelvin/Kelvin (The universal gas constant is defined as Avogadro's number NA multiplied by Boltzmann's constant k.) In the International System of Units, energy is joules, volume is cubic meters (m3), force is newtons (N), and pascals Pressure in (Pa), where 1Pa = 1N/m2. A force of 1 Newton moving a distance of 1 meter does 1 Joule of work. Therefore, the product of both PV and nRT has the dimension of work (energy).
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Match these items.
1. splitting/dividing
radioactive
2. joining together
beta rays
3. release of atomic particles
fusion
4. high-energy light
plasma
5. helium nuclei
fission
6. electrons
alpha rays
7. ions and free electrons
gamma rays
Answer:
1- fission
2- fusion
3- radioactive decay
4- gamma
5- alpha particle
6(high speed electron)- beta rays
7-plasma
Which isotopic ration needs to be determined when the age of ancient wooden objects is investigated?.
When the age of ancient wooden objects is investigated then the ratio of U-238/PB-206 isotopic ratio needs to be investigated.
What is isotopic ratio and which of the same needs to be determined when the age of ancient wooden objects is investigated?Isotopic ratio refers to the atomic abundancies of two isotopes of same element of any nature.Here the question is asked of the isotopic ratio needs to be determined when the age of ancient wooden object is investigated.The correct answer would be the ratio of U-238/PB-206 needs to be investigated of wooden objects.Isotopic ratios are so important in laboratories and other chemical phenomena to differentiate between samples which otherwise share same chemical formula.Isotopic ratio finds to be essential in chemistry life and also provides information on origin of humic substances.To know more about ratio visit:
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calculate the mass percent (m/m) of a solution prepared by dissolving 47.50 gg of naclnacl in 171.9 gg of h2oh2o .
The mass percent (m/m) of a solution is 21.64%.
Mass mass percent is what?A concentration or a component in a specific mixture can be expressed as mass percent. The mass percentage that indicates the mass of solute present in a given mass of solution can be used to describe the composition of the solution. In terms of mass or moles, the solute's concentration is expressed.
The general formula for a solution's mass percent is:
% m/m = [grams of solute] / [grams of solution] × 100
A solution is made up of both solute and solvent in grams.
So, here's the issue:
Solute = NaCl =mass of solute = 47.50g
Solvent = H2O =mass of solvent = 171.9g
mass of solution =47.50 g + 171.9g = 219.4g
% m/m = [47.50 / 219.4] ×100 = 21.64%.
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the ionization energy of o2 is 1205 kj/mol. what is the maximum wavelength of light capale of causing the ionization of o2?
O2 can only be ionized by light with a maximum wavelength of 99.39 nm.
What is ionization energy?The ionization energy measures an element's ability to participate in chemical processes that call for the creation of ions or the donation of electrons.
ionization energy of O2 = 1205 kJ
energy = hv
= h × wavelength/speed of light
wavelength = 1205000× 3 ×10⁸ /6.626 ×10³⁴
wavelength = 99.39 nm.
He is symbolized by the highest ionization energy. The outermost shell has a high ionization energy, is stable, and does not frequently become unstable due to electron loss. Ionization can be induced by waves with energies greater than 134 nm. 225nm light lacks the energy to ionize gold because it is greater than 134nm.
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Edit 0 3. Predict When Mendeleev developed the periodic table, the element gallium had not yet been discovered. Without looking at the periodic table on this page, examine the elements surrounding gallium in the diagram below, and predict the atomic number and atomic mass for this element. How does your prediction match the actual atomic number and atomic mass for gallium on the periodic table? NOTEBOOK
Mendeleev developed the periodic table, the element gallium had not yet been discovered because gallium has known biological value
There is a very close match lies between the gallium actual property and the properties that were predicted and this has helped a lot in gaining a wider acceptance periodic table of Mendeleev and he left blank spaces for the undiscovered element atomic masses 44 scandium 68 gallium 72 germanium and 100 techtanium and so certain element can be grouped together
The element has no known biological value and in nature gallium is never found as a free element and cannot be found in substantial amount in any minerals and the element which were unknown when Mendeleev gave his classification were geranium gallium and scandium and he left gap for the unknown element and gallium has the atomic number is 31 and atomic mass is 69.72
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Which of the following factors affect the magnitude of the lattice energy for an ionic compound? Select all that apply.
a. The charges of the ions
b. The arrangement of the ions in the crystal
c. The size of the ions
The charges and size of the ions affect the magnitude of the lattice energy for an ionic compound. Therefore, option (a) and (c) is correct.
What is the lattice energy?Lattice energy can be described as the heat of formation when 1 mole of a crystalline ionic compound is produced from its constituent ions in their gaseous state.
For example, the lattice energy of a NaCl compound is the energy change of reaction when Na⁺ ions and Cl⁻ ions react to generate a NaCl crystal, which is -786 kJ/mol.
At constant pressure, the relation between lattice energy and lattice enthalpy is given by:
ΔU (lattice) = ΔH (lattice)- PΔV
Lattice energy for an ionic compound is directly proportional to the charge on ions and inversely proportional to the interionic distance between ions or the size of the ions.
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Predict the products of the reaction below. That is, complete the right-hand side of the chemical equation. Be sure your equation is balanced. HI+NaOH => ________
Decide what the reaction's byproducts will be. In other words, finish the right hand side of a chemical formula. A balanced equation is a must NaOH + HI = H2O + NaI.
What does it mean by reaction?Resistance in resistance to a power, influence, or movement is a reactionary act, process, or occurrence. especially: a reaction to a particular treatment, circumstance, or stimulus; leaning toward a past and typically antiquated political or social system or policy.
What is a physical reaction?A physical response is a reaction that modifies the physical characteristics of an item or material Physical characteristics include things like mass, volume, and density. The definition of a physical reaction is a response in which molecules rearrange one another but do not undergo chemical change.
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Calculate the mass of:
a. 0.05 mole of aluminium nitrate
b . 3 moles of carbon tetrachloride
One mole of Al(NO3)3 is equal to 212.99623 grams, while one mole of Carbon Tetrachloride is equal to 153.8227 grams and three moles are equal to 461.4681 grams of Carbon Tetrachloride.
In explosives, why is aluminum used?Because it is simple to manufacture, compatible with explosives, and produces a very high enthalpy of oxidation, aluminum is commonly employed. These reactions make aluminum the perfect component for increased blast applications, where a "thermobaric" effect is produced by a late reaction with air.
Why does aluminum poison people?The effects of Al's toxicity include oxidative stress, immunologic changes, genotoxicity, pro-inflammatory effects, peptide denaturation of transformation, enzymatic malfunction, metabolic derangement, amyloidogenesis, transmembrane disruption, iron dyshomeostasis, apoptosis, necrosis, and dysplasia.
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