D) Biomass decreases by about 90% at each trophic level, moving upward is true.
The amount of energy that is available at each trophic level in an ecosystem determines how many levels there can be. Because of inefficient energy transfer between organisms and metabolic processes, energy is lost at every trophic level. Approximately 10% of the energy at one trophic level is typically transferred to the next level, and this energy loss results in less energy being available for the consumers at the next trophic level. At each trophic level as you move upward, biomass declines by around 90%.
There are fewer individuals and less diversity in this region of the food chain at the highest trophic levels due to the poor energy availability and low biomass of top consumers.
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organisms a, b, and c all live in the same habitat where both glucose and lactose sugars are plentiful. over a period of time, the glucose reserves disappear and only lactose remains as a food source. a: can digest lactose and glucose equally well b: preferentially digests glucose and is not as efficient at extracting energy from lactose, but can partially digest it c: can digest glucose and fructose equally well but cannot digest lactose which statement expresses what is likely to be observed in this habitat two months after the glucose has disappeared? group of answer choices the population is made up of mostly organism a and a smaller population of organism b organisms a, b, and c are present in equal numbers organisms b and c are present in equal numbers and organism a has disappeared organism a is the only one left because b and c have disappeared
Based on the information provided, two months after the glucose has disappeared, it is likely that the population of organisms A will dominate the habitat because it is the only organism that can digest lactose.
Organism A can digest both lactose and glucose equally well, while organism B can preferentially digest glucose and is less efficient at extracting energy from lactose. Organism C cannot digest lactose, but can digest glucose and fructose equally well. As glucose reserves disappear and lactose remains as the only food source, organisms A and B will compete for the lactose. However, since organism A can digest lactose while organism B is less efficient at extracting energy from lactose, it is likely that organism A will be better adapted to the new food source and will outcompete organism B. Organism C cannot digest lactose, so it will not be able to survive in this habitat once the glucose has disappeared.
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you observe a specimen through a compound microscope and see a unique organism unassociated with any surrounding cells. this cellular organization is called:
A compound microscope can be used to observe an unique organism that is unconnected to any nearby cells. Such a cell form is referred to as being unicellular.
Single-celled creatures known as protozoa are also known called zooplankton (from the Greek, meaning animals).
The organization of cell in unicellular creatures is less complex than that of multicellular species. In contrast to unicellular creatures, which are microscopic and only visible under a microscope, organisms were macroscopic and hence accessible to the eye. Living entities known as microbes are too tiny for us to perceive with the eye. These species are primarily unicellular, however some of them may be multicellular. To observe and analyse any of them, though, a microscope is required.
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Consider a signal transduction pathway that utilizes cAMP as a second messenger to activate PKA (Protein Kinase A). Which of the following situations will result in the cellular response?
(a) The G protein releases GDP and binds to GTP
(b) The target protein (adenylyl cyclase) is inactive
(c) The regulatory subunits of PKA (Protein Kinase A) are bound to the catalytic subunits
(d) The appropriate G protein is bound to GDP
Think of a signal transduction pathway that activates PKA by using cAMP as a second messenger (Protein Kinase A). Which of the subsequent circumstances will cause the cellular response is
The correct option is a
The situation that will result in the cellular response in a signal transduction pathway that utilizes cAMP as a second messenger to activate PKA (Protein Kinase A) is option (a) - The G protein releases GDP and binds to GTP.
When an extracellular signal binds to a G protein-coupled receptor, the receptor activates a G protein, which then releases GDP and binds to GTP. The GTP-bound G protein then activates adenylate cyclase, which converts ATP into cAMP. The cAMP then binds to and activates the regulatory subunits of PKA, causing them to dissociate from the catalytic subunits. The free catalytic subunits of PKA are then able to phosphorylate target proteins and initiate the cellular response.
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political attitudes, how much television people watch, and whether or not people get divorced are all influenced by
political attitudes, how much television people watch, and whether or not people get divorced are all influenced by socioeconomic status.
What is political attitudes?Political attitudes refer to the way in which individuals view and engage with the political system. This can include beliefs about the role of government, the effectiveness of political institutions, and the legitimacy of certain political ideas. Political attitudes can be affected by a variety of factors such as education, media, family, and personal experiences. Individuals from different backgrounds may have different political attitudes and values, which can lead to differences in how they view and engage with the political system. Political attitudes can also shape the way in which individuals participate in the political process, from voting to engaging in activism. By understanding the different political attitudes in society, we can better understand how to navigate the political system and create meaningful change.
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in order to maintain their organization and carry out metabolic activities, organisms need a constant source of
In order to maintain their organization and carry out metabolic activities, organisms need a constant source of energy, as energy is needed to carry out a variety of processes, such as growth, repair, movement, and reproduction.
What is the importance of energy in organisms?
Energy is needed for metabolic reactions, for walking, for doing daily activities, and the energy they can get from different sources such as from plants, from cellular respiration, etc.
Hence, in order to maintain their organization and carry out metabolic activities, organisms need a constant source of energy, as energy is needed to carry out a variety of processes, such as growth, repair, movement, and reproduction.
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the acquisition of chemical substances by organisms for the building blocks of cellular components and processes is
The acquisition of chemicals by organisms for use as a source of energy or as building blocks for cellular structures is referred to as nutrition.
What is Nutrition?An organism uses food to sustain its life through a biochemical and physiological process known as nutrition. It gives living things nutrition that can be processed to produce energy and chemical building blocks. Malnutrition results from insufficient dietary intake. Although it frequently focuses on human nutrition, nutritional science is the study of nutrition.
What nutrients an organism needs and how it gets them depends on the type of creature. Consuming organic or inorganic material, absorbing light, or a combination of these is how organisms gain nutrients. Others must eat other species in order to receive pre-existing nutrients, while some may manufacture nutrients internally by eating fundamental components. All life forms require several chemicals, including carbon, energy, and water. Animals need complex nutrition including lipids, carbs, and proteins.
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one difference between parasitism and predation is that parasites ______
One difference between parasitism and predation is that parasites typically do not kill their host, while predators usually kill their prey.
Parasitism is a type of symbiotic relationship between two organisms, where one organism (the parasite) benefits at the expense of the other organism (the host). Parasites typically live in or on the host and feed on the host's tissues or fluids, but they often do not kill the host because doing so would be detrimental to their own survival.
In contrast, predation is a relationship where one organism (the predator) hunts, kills and consumes another organism (the prey) for food. Predators are typically larger and stronger than their prey and rely on their hunting skills to capture and kill their prey in order to survive.
Therefore, one of the main differences between parasitism and predation is that parasites typically have a more long-term relationship with their host, while predators have a more short-term relationship with their prey, and parasites generally do not kill their host, while predators kill their prey.
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you observe the formation of horns in two different insect groups. how would you go about determining whether these horns are a homology or analogy?
By evaluating the structural features and ascertain the origin and evolutionary history of the horns in order to decide whether the horns in two different insect families are a homology or analogy.
Homology describes a structural similarity between two or more species that is attributable to a shared ancestor. If the horns in the two insect groups are homologous, they will have a common ancestral structure and have similar structural and developmental origins.
An analogy is a structural similarity between two or more species that isn't attributable to convergent evolution but rather to a shared ancestor. In other words, despite similar environmental stresses, the structures developed separately.
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neurons 4591 and 4592 were just like all the other millions of neurons in the brain's center that are created during the first weeks of pregnancy. but in time neuron 4591 became part of the brain that controls logic, while neuron 4592 was in an area of the brain that manages emotion. which process does this describe?
The process that is described in this scenario is neuronal differentiation.
During the early stages of development, the human brain undergoes a complex process of neuronal proliferation, migration, and differentiation, which ultimately gives rise to the highly specialized regions of the brain that are responsible for various cognitive and emotional functions.
In this example, neurons 4591 and 4592 were created in the same way as millions of other neurons during the early stages of pregnancy. However, as the brain developed and differentiated, these neurons took on distinct roles in different areas of the brain. Neuron 4591 became part of the brain that controls logic, while neuron 4592 was in an area of the brain that manages emotion. This differentiation is likely due to the different signals and molecular cues that the two neurons received as they developed and migrated to their final locations.
Overall, the process of neuronal differentiation is critical for the formation of the highly specialized circuits and regions of the brain that underlie complex cognitive and emotional processes.
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A nerve fiber is a ________ elongated process, usually an axon or a peripheral process.
A. single
B. double
C. triple
D. quadruple
A nerve fiber is a Option A. single elongated process, usually an axon or a peripheral process.
A nerve fibre, also known as an axon, is a long, slender projection of nerve cells (or neurons) that transports electrical impulses away from the nerve cell body. A neuron usually has one nerve fibre that radiates from its cell body and transmits impulses to neighbouring neurons, muscles, or glands.
Nerve fibre dysfunction can result in severe acquired and inherited neurological illnesses that impact both the central and peripheral nervous systems.
In vertebrates, a nerve fibre is a long, slender extension of a nerve cell, or neuron, that normally carries electrical impulses known as action potentials away from the nerve cell body. The axon's role is to transmit information to various neurons, muscles, and glands.
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Please hurry! Peat is a spongy material formed by dead and dying vegetation that sank to the bottom of swamps and oceans. True or False
The statement-Peat is a spongy material formed by dead and dying vegetation that sank to the bottom of swamps and oceans is True.
What is peat?Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed plant material, primarily mosses, which have been compressed and preserved over time.
It is usually found in waterlogged environments such as bogs, fens, and mires, where the accumulation of dead plant material exceeds the rate at which it decomposes due to the lack of oxygen.
It has been used as a fuel for heating and cooking. Moreover, it is also used in horticulture, in the production of whiskey, and as a component in certain types of soil to improve its water-holding capacity and fertility. Hence, the given statement is True.
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3. Refer to the table you completed in Question 1 to answer the following questions:
a. Did eggs hatch in:
Cup A?
Cup B?
Cup C?
Cup D?
Cup E?
Cup F?
Eggs hatch under the conditions that are feasible.
What conditions make the eggs to hatch?Your question is incomplete but I will tell you something about bhow eggs hatch.
Temperature: The temperature of the environment surrounding the egg is critical for hatching. Eggs must be kept at a specific temperature range that is optimal for the species of egg in question. For example, chicken eggs typically hatch at a temperature between 99-102°F.
Humidity: The humidity of the environment also plays a role in hatching. Eggs must be kept at a specific humidity range that allows the egg to lose or gain moisture as needed to prevent the embryo from drying out or becoming overhydrated.
Incubation time: Most eggs have a specific incubation time, which is the time the egg must be kept at the optimal temperature and humidity before hatching will occur. This time can vary widely depending on the species of animal and the type of egg.
Turning: Eggs must be turned regularly to prevent the developing embryo from sticking to the shell and to ensure that the egg receives equal amounts of heat and oxygen.
Nutrition: Some species of animals, such as birds, will lay eggs that contain a yolk that provides nutrition to the developing embryo. The yolk must be properly nourished and utilized for the egg to hatch.
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which structure of the eye is the most sensitive but contains no blood vessels? retina | pupil | cornea | transparant capsule
cornea is the structure of the eye is the most sensitive but contains no blood vessels.
The main role of cornea includes to refract, or we say to bend light and also cornea helps in provides approximately 65 to 75 percent of the focusing power of the eye
The composition of cornea includes protein and cells and it is the clear outer layer at the front of the eye and covers pupil, iris and other parts.
as cornea is thin, various allergies, scratching or we say deeper scratches or injuries can cause corneal scarring and vision problems
cornea has 5 layers like,
The corneal epithelium, Bowman's layer, The corneal stroma, Descemet's membrane, The corneal endothelium
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Imagine a future ecological change that may happen on the Galapagos Islands. What would be the result in the finch population?
Answer:
As the climate that Darwin's finches have adapted to rapidly changes, they face a new type of evolutionary test. Now faced with parasitic flies invading nests, torrential rainstorms that wipe out habitat areas, and increased El Niño events, the Finches must adapt or go extinct.
Explanation:
Ms. Sadler’s biology class was investigating the effect of different concentrations of NaCl on the appearance of red blood cells. The cells were examined under a compound microscope within seconds of mixing a drop of the blood cell sample with different solutions. The cells on one of the slides burst immediately.
What is the nature of the solution that caused the red blood cells to burst, and why did this happen?
A
The solution was isotonic to the red blood cells, and the water in the solution diffused into the cells, causing the them to burst.
B
The solution was hypotonic to the red blood cells, and the water in the solution diffused into the cells, causing the them to burst.
C
The solution was hypotonic to the red blood cells, and the salt in the cells diffused out, causing the cells to burst.
D
The solution was isotonic to the red blood cells, and the salt diffuses in, causing the cells to burst.
Option C is Correct. The red blood cells were hypotonic to the solution, and as a result of the salt in the cells diffusing out, the cells burst. is the composition of the fluid, and what led to the rupture of the red blood cells.
What effect of various concentrations was MS Sadler's biology class examining?Different NaCI (salt) concentrations were studied in Sadler's biology class to see how they affected the appearance of red blood cells. Within seconds after combining a drop of the blood cell sample with various solutions, the cells were viewed using a compound microscope.
The appearance of red blood cells in various NaCl concentrations was studied in Ms. Sadler's biology class. With the use of a compound microscope, the cells were analyzed.
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Answer:
B The solution was hypotonic to the red blood cells, and the water in the solution diffused into the cells, causing the them to burst.
Explanation:
GL !!
what factors determine the type of fossil fuel that forms?
The kind of organic matter, the temperature and pressure, as well as how long the organic matter was buried.
By combining ancient plant and animal remains from millions of years ago, fossil fuels are chemical combinations. The kind of fossil, the quantity of heat, and the amount of pressure all play a role in the formation of fossil fuels, such as oil, natural gas, or coal from these fossils.
Fossilized material is subjected to higher heat and pressure as it starts to be buried deeper and further underground. The fossil molecules start to disintegrate as the temperature rises. Peat from plants and kerogen from plankton are just two examples of materials that are partially altered as a result of the early breakdown. While having less stored energy than fully developed fuels like coal, natural gas, or oil, these transitional materials can still be employed as fuel sources.
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in the r lane, do you see evidence of complete digestion? explain your answer.
In the r lane, there is evidence of complete digestion. This is because all of the food molecules have been broken down into their simplest forms and are ready to be absorbed into the bloodstream.
Complete digestion is important for the body to get the nutrients it needs to function properly. Without complete digestion, the body may not be able to absorb all of the nutrients from the food, leading to deficiencies and other health problems. Therefore, it is important to ensure that complete digestion occurs in the r lane.
In the r lane, there are only two bands in the lane, showing that the plasmid was completely digested into its two fragments. That is why we can see the evidence of complete digestion in the r lane.
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What is it called when the membrane potential becomes more positive?
The membrane is thought to be depolarized if the cell membrane shifts from being negative to being positive relative to the resting potential.
The membrane is referred to as being hyperpolarized if its potential is more negative than when it is at its resting potential. Hyperpolarized is another word for hyperpolarizing. transitive verb: to increase the possibility of distinction all over (a biological membrane) verb intransitive: to experience or cause the potential for difference across something to increase.
The unequal distribution of ions (alpha particles) inside and outside the cell, as well as the membrane's varying permeability to various ions, determine the resting membrane potential.
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Prevertebral ganglia are located only in the abdominopelvic cavityTrue or False
False. Prevertebral ganglia are actually located outside of the abdominopelvic cavity, along the vertebral column.
They are part of the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response, and they play an important role in regulating various bodily functions, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion. The prevertebral ganglia receive input from preganglionic sympathetic neurons, which originate in the spinal cord and travel through sympathetic chains before synapsing with the postganglionic neurons in the prevertebral ganglia. Prevertebral ganglia, also known as collateral ganglia, are a group of ganglia located outside of the central nervous system, specifically along the vertebral column. They are part of the autonomic nervous system, which regulates many involuntary bodily functions, including heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and other visceral processes.
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Which group is correctly paired with its description? (A) diatoms-important consumers in aquatic communities (B) diplomonads-protists with modified mitochondria (C) apicomplexans-producers with intricate life cycles (D) red algae-acquired plastids by secondary endosymbiosis
Red algae eukaryotes that acquired plastids through secondary endosymbiosis was the incorrect response. Diatoms are significant producers in aquatic habitats, and this is the right response.
Despite the fact that many eukaryotes have evolved through secondary endosymbiosis, other eukaryotes, like red algae, were born from primary endosymbiosis. This evolution did not come about through secondary endosymbiosis. The creatures that resulted from primary endosymbiosis have evolved from these free-living cyanobacteria.
As a result, red algae develop endosymbiosis through primary endosymbiosis. They serve as a food source for aquatic species as well. Hence, diatoms play a key role in the aquatic ecosystem.
Apicomplexans parasites that are unicellular and have complex life cycles is the correct response. Diplomanads unicellular eukaryotes with altered mitochondria is the correct response.
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Fill The Blank? the space between the parietal layer and visceral layer of the pericardium contains ______.
The space between the parietal layer and visceral layer of the pericardium contains pericardial fluid.
The fibrous sac that covers the heart is known as the pericardium. The fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, and visceral pericardium are the three layers that can be distinguished from one another. Serous pericardium is comprised of the parietal and visceral pericardia. The serous pericardium has two layers that run continuously across one another.
The outer layer of serous (parietal) pericardium lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium. The outside of the heart is covered in the inner (visceral) layer of the serous pericardium. The serous pericardium's two layers are separated by the pericardial cavity, which houses the pericardial fluid. In addition to lubricating the two layers and enabling the heart's contraction and expansion, this fluid also acts as a lubricant.
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Actively mitotic cells are found in which layer of the epidermis? Multiple choice question- Stratum lucidum -Stratum corneum -Stratum granulosum -Stratum basale -Stratum spinosum
The epidermis' stratum basale layer contains active mitotic cells.
The stratum basale layer of the epidermis has the greatest mitotic activity. The stratum basale, the deepest and innermost layer of the epidermis, is made up of keratinocytes, which are epithelial cells that are actively developing and dividing. Depending on where it is, the epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium with four to five layers: (Basal cell layer) Stratum Basalis: The dermis is the closest and deepest layer. It has melanocytes, a single row of keratinocytes, stem cells, and is mitotically active.
The stratum basale is the epidermis' deepest/innermost layer. According to histology, the stratum basale is composed of a single layer of cuboidal keratinocytes that adhere to and abut the dermis. Proliferation and the connection of the epidermis to the dermis are the stratum basale's two main tasks.
The basement membrane zone that divides the epidermis from the dermis is resting on a single row of columnar or cuboidal cells that make up the stratum basale.The majority of them are keratinocytes, which proliferate continuously and push upward to replenish the epidermal cells above.
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what is occurring when the dot disappears? in your explanation, include the anatomical term for the part of the eye responsible for the phenomenon and describe why this anatomical part causes this effect
Because the optic nerve is not light sensitive, the optic disk is a blind region. When you focus on the optic disk, the black dot you drew'disappears. The optic disk is now very close to another vital component of your retina known as the fovea.
Scotoma, or blind spot, is an obscuration of the visual field. A physiological blind spot, also known as a "blind point," or punctum caecum in medical literature, is a location in the visual field that corresponds to a lack of light-detecting photoreceptor cells on the optic disc of the retina where the optic nerve passes through.
Because the optic disc lacks light-detecting cells, the corresponding area of the field of vision remains invisible.
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List 2 body processes in which you think energy is lost
Answer:
Thermogenesis: This is the production of heat in the body, which is a byproduct of metabolic processes such as digestion and the conversion of food into energy.
Exhalation: When we breathe out, we lose energy in the form of heat and carbon dioxide. The energy that was used to power our bodies is expelled as heat, and the carbon dioxide produced by cellular respiration is also expelled through exhalation.
What are the 3 types of growth which occur as the plant grows?
Plants develop by combining cell division and cell growth. By cell mitosis, cell division increases the number of cells, whereas cell expansion increases cell size.
The growth phases are separated into three stages: meristematic, elongation, and maturity. Primary and Secondary Growth-The mitotic division of meristematic cells at the root and shoot apex extends the plant body's length. This is referred to as primary growth.
Secondary growth is caused by the secondary meristem increasing the diameter of the plant body. Plant growth motions are classified into three types: nutations, nasties, and tropisms. Nutation is the spiral twisting of a growing stem.
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with independent assortment, how many different types of gametes are possible from the genotype k/k, l/l, m/m, p/p and in what proportions are they expected?
with independent assortment each gene is 1/2 chance, so 4(1/2) = 1/16. 16 possible combinations, 1/16 chance of getting any one of them.
Mendel's law of independent assortment states that the alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another. In other words, the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene. According to the law of independent assortment, during the inheritance of two different traits, the alleles of both the traits assort and are inherited independently of one another during gamete formation.
Independent assortment occurs spontaneously when alleles of at least two genes are assorted independently into gametes. Consequently, the allele inherited by one gamete does not affect the allele inherited by other gametes. Mendel noted that the transmission of different genes appeared to be independent events. This gives both the trait equal chances of being inherited. Each gene is 1/2 chance, so 4(1/2) = 1/16. 16 possible combinations, 1/16 chance of getting any one of them.
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All Hawaiian honeycreeper bird species have similar skeletal and muscle structures. However, each Hawaiian honeycreeper species has a bill specialized for eating certain foods. What would a scientist most likely conclude based on this observation?
a. Artificial selection shaped the bill for eating certain foods.
b. Increased genetic variation resulted in similar skeletal and muscle structure.
c. Changes in each honeycreeper species occurred independently but resulted in similar traits.
d. Honeycreepers arose from a single species that migrated to Hawaii and adapted to different
Honeycreepers emerged as a single species and moved to Hawaii and over time adapted to various habitats.
Do we belong to a species?The billions of people that live on the planet now are all decedents of the same species, Homo sapiens. Human beings differ among themselves, just like other species do, in terms of everything from size to skin colour and eye colour. But our similarities outweigh our differences by a wide margin.
How many animal species are there?The range of estimates is between 3 and 100 million, or perhaps more. Taxonomists, or scientists who specialise in identifying and categorising life on Earth, have so far given names to over 1.7 million different species.
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The Complete Question :
All Hawaiian honeycreeper bird species have similar skeletal and muscle structures. However, each Hawaiian honeycreeper species has a bill specialized for eating certain foods. What would a scientist most likely conclude based on this observation?
a. Artificial selection shaped the bill for eating certain foods.
b. Increased genetic variation resulted in similar skeletal and muscle structure.
c. Changes in each honeycreeper species occurred independently but resulted in similar traits.
d. Honeycreepers arose from a single species that migrated to Hawaii and adapted to different riches over time .
in systematics, the goal is to classify organisms in what kind of grouping? question 4 options: monophyletic paraphyletic polyphyletic anything but paraphyletic
One fundamental objective of current systematics is to use scientific names solely for monophyletic groupings of species.
A monophyletic group of species has a single common ancestor and also includes all descendants of that common ancestor.
In a phylogenetic tree, a monophyletic group includes a node and all descendants of that node and is represented by both nodes and terminal taxa.
Broadly speaking, monophyletic taxa are taxa that contain groups of organisms descended from a single ancestor, while polyphyletic taxa consist of unrelated organisms descended from multiple ancestors.
An ancestor and all of its descendants comprise a monophyletic group. This is identified by the presence of a shared unique feature (sinapomorphy). Each family tree contains as many monophyletic groups as there are ancestors.
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Which feature of cycads makes them similar to many angiospers?
1. they have exposed ovules
2. they have flagellated sperm
3. they are pollinated by animals
They have exposed ovules. Ovules are a feature that cycas share with angiosperms. Each plant is either all male or entirely female. The presence of ovules is what causes the similarity to angiosperms.
Gymnosperms like cycas have enclosed seeds with more intricate fertilisation systems, whereas cycas have unfertilized seeds that are open to the air to be directly fertilised by pollination.
Cycas often use a single species of very specialised pollinators. They are frequently identified by their thick, wooden trunk and crown of big, stiff, evergreen leaves. Usually, their leaves are pinnate.
Gymnosperms , as opposed to angiosperms (which have enclosed seeds with more complicated fertilisation mechanisms), have unfertilized seeds that are exposed to the air to be directly fertilised by pollination.
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What is the study of behavioral ecology?
Behavioral ecology is the study of behavioral interactions between individuals within groups and communities, usually in an evolutionary context. It examine how inter- and intra-specific competition and cooperation affect evolutionary fitness.
What does behavioral ecology mean?Behavioral ecology combines the study of animal behavior with evolutionary biology. Their goal is to explain how behavior determines fitness. It explains the consequences of interactions between organisms and their environment, including other organisms. Behavioral ecology studies the evolution of behaviors that allow animals to adapt to their habitat and thrive. Its two broad categories are learning and instinct-behavior.
What does behavioral ecology focus on?The behavioral ecology focuses on how animal behavior affects viability and fertility. It focus how efficiently animals use their time and energy to acquire resources that enhance their survival and reproduction.
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