Scientists originally hypothesized that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form because these proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them.
Pepsin is a proteolytic enzyme that is made by the chief cells of the stomach. Trypsin is another proteolytic enzyme that is formed by the pancreas and brought to the small intestine at the time of digestion.
The chief cells form pepsin originally as pepsinogen. The pancreas secretes trypsin originally as trypsinogen. As there are various proteins that are present in the chief cells as well as the pancreas, hence making of these enzymes would mean that they will break down the other enzymes and proteins of the very own cells that created them.
Hence, pepsin and trypsin are formed in their inactive forms and are only converted into their active forms at the time of digestion.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form?
A) These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them.
B) They identified the hormone that activates pepsin and trypsin.
C) The stomach is too acidic to maintain these enzymes in their active form.
D) Pepsin and trypsin have never been isolated in their fully activated form.
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If an embolus breaks off in a systemic vein in the leg, it would be able to pass through?
If an embolus breaks off in a systemic vein in the leg, it would be able to pass through the artery of lungs.
What is an embolus?An "embolus" is a blood clot that forms in a blood vessel in one part of the body, breaks off, and travels through the blood to another part of the body. An "emboli" indicates that there are multiple clots or plaque pieces.The term embolism refers to the movement of a clot or plaque from one location in the body to another.An embolism is a blood vessel blockage caused by an embolus.An embolus is a particle that travels through our blood vessels, either the veins or the arteries. The majority of emboli are made up of clotted blood cells. A thrombus is a stationary blood clot, and a thromboembolus is a moving blood clot.To know more about embolism:
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How did mendel’s monohybrid cross with round and wrinkled seeds and other single traits tested, directly contradict the blending hypothesis?.
The F1 progeny of a hybrid between round and wrinkled pure breed cell lines were fully round, not half round and wrinkled, as blending theory would suggest.
What is the name of Mendel's monohybrid cross?"A monohybrid cross is a cross between two individuals having homozygous genotypes that produce the opposite phenotype for a certain genetic characteristic." "A Monohybrid Cross is a cross characteristics of a monohybrid (TT and tt). A monohybrid results in the transfer of one gene.
What is the name of Mendel's second law?Mendel's Second Law - the law for independent assortment; the segregation of alleles from one allelic pair during gamete production is independent of the segregation of alleles from another allelic pair.
What is the Mendelian ratio?The ratio of incidence of various phenotypes in just about any cross containing Mendelian traits, particularly the 3:1 ratio demonstrated by the second filial generation with offspring from parents who differ in respect to a single character.
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A high-mass star near the end of its life undergoes successive cycles of energy generation within its core in which gravitational collapse increases the temperature to the point where a new nuclear fusion cycle generates sufficient energy to stop the collapse. This process does not work beyond the silicon-fusion cycle that produces iron. Why is this?"".
A high mass star will not be able to generate enough energy beyond the silicon fusion cycle to stop its collapse because iron fusion doesn't generate excess energy and gas pressure to prevent the core from collapsing. Instead, it requires additional energy.
A high mass star or massive star is a star that is more than 8 times the mass of the sun. For nuclear fusion to continue to occur in such a star, two things are needed, high temperature and pressure. The more temperature and pressure a star has, the more likely it is able to fuse heavier elements like silicon and iron.
Towards the end of the life cycle of a massive star, it starts to fuse silicon, forming iron atoms. These heavy iron particles remain at the core of the star without undergoing any further nuclear fusions. This is because iron has a too much positively charged protons in its nuclei, which causes it to repel the protons in other smaller nuclei like helium, preventing nuclear fusion. Thus, more energy is needed for iron fusion to occur and doesn't give back excess energy or any gas pressure to prevent the core from collapsing, leading to a supernova.
Hence, the reason why nuclear fusion does not work beyond the silicon fusion is that iron fusion requires energy and does not produce any gas pressure.
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Someone in the maternity ward has removed the ID bracelets of three babies. One of the mothers of the babies has panicked and wants to ensure that she gets her real baby. As a doctor, you have decided to do a blood test of the three babies and the parents. The babies’ blood types are A, AB, and O. The husband of the mother is type O, and she is type AB. Provide an explanation to the parents as to which baby must be theirs.
Answer: Baby with type A is the mother's baby
Explanation:
Father has blood type O (father received an O from each parent making him OO)
Mother has blood type is AB
Therefore the possible combinations of the child's blood type are AO and BO. Since A and B are dominant blood types and O is recessive- the baby can have blood type A if they received AO from their parents or B if they received BO from their parents.
Of the three babies with blood types O, AB and A, baby with blood type A belongs to the mother.
Which statement describes the general pattern of winds near the equator?
Answer:
Winds are generally weak because the equator is a region of mostly low air pressure.
Near the equator, the trade winds converge into a broad east to west area of light winds. The area is known as the doldrums because there are light winds.
Explanation:
Segments of double-stranded (duplex) dna of a chromatid that have noncomplementary regions are called?
Segments of double-stranded (duplex) DNA of a chromatid that have noncomplementary regions are called heteroduplex segments.
In the field of genetics, heteroduplex segments of the DNA are the regions of the DNA in which the strands are not complimentary to each other. Heteroduplex segments may be caused due to mismatches or insertions or deletions.
The two strands of the DNA are compatible with each other for the major part. However, an error such as a mismatch may occur which in turn causes a heteroduplex segment to form. In chromatids, heteroduplex segments may be present as a result of crossing over.
Heteroduplex segments are often created in the laboratory for testing purposes. It helps scientists in studying mismatched pairs so they can be diagnosed.
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What portion of the nervous system both delivers commands to the muscles directing voluntary movement and communicates information back to the central nervous system?.
Answer:
somatic nerves
Explanation:
found in quizlet flashcards
Somatic nerves deliver commands to the muscles directing voluntary movement and communicating information back to the central nervous system.
The somatic nervous system is the part of the peripheral nervous system that is associated with the voluntary movements of the body.
It involves the nerves that go into muscles and skin and control the conscious movements of our body.
The somatic nerves enable to control and movement of the muscles throughout the body.
It feeds information related to our senses such as sound, taste, touch, and smell, back to the central nervous system.
Our sense of touch also uses somatic nerves to send information back to the central nervous system.
Only sight sense is the exception because the optic nerve cells are directly connected with the brain.
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Given what you know about membrane fluidity and the research on oysters and mussels, what conclusions can you draw?
We compared lipid dynamics and physiological responses during simulated wintering and transition to spring conditions in the cold-adapted blue mussel Mytilus edulis and the warm-water species oyster Crassostrea.
To simulate overwintering, animals were housed at 0 °C, 4 °C, and 9 °C for 3 months, then gradually switched to 20 °C and held at 20 °C for 5 weeks under spring-summer conditions. was simulated. Changes in lipid class and fatty acid composition were associated with clearance rates and oxygen consumption. We found that there are large interspecies differences in intriglyceride (TAG) metabolism during wintering. Mussels used her TAG stores in the digestive glands for energy metabolism or reproductive processes during the winter, whereas oysters did not accumulate large TAG stores prior to wintering. His TAG in mussels contained higher concentrations of 20:5n-3 compared to oysters and diet. This helps offset the cold effect by lowering the melting point of TAG and increasing the availability of cold storage fat. Mussels appear to be able to mobilize 20:5n-3 and 18:4n-3 more than other fatty acids. We also found that both mussels underwent major remodeling of membrane phospholipids. Unsaturation indices decreased in the gills and digestive glands of both species during the early stages of warming, mainly due to decreases in 22:6n-3 and 20:5n-3. In the digestive glands, the desaturation index did not increase with decreasing temperature beyond a threshold reached at 9 °C, whereas it was completely negative in the gills, as predicted by the homeobiscus fit. ratio was observed. The presence of digestive enzymes and acids in the microenvironment of the digestive gland may create specific requirements for membrane stability.
However, That oysters had a lower metabolic rate than mussels, as predicted by Halbert's theory of membranes as metabolic pacemakers, is consistent with the lower desaturation index of their lipids.
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anyone have a way to remember any of the following?
(pls don’t say study lol i’ve been studying all weekend but im hoping someone has a rhyme or something abt them that could help me remember better)
1. Biosynthesis
2. Dehydration Synthesis
3. Hydrolysis
4. Monomer
5. Polymer
6. Hydrophilic
7. Hydrophobic
THANKS!!
1. sounds like a song
-sis & -er ending and hydro prefix
2. imagine a room where you live and place each word in a place in the room
3. use a scent while reading the list again and again
and bring the scent with you during the test
4. unusual associations
these are macromolecules
macro molecules sound like macaroni molecules
Independent assortment predicts a 9:3:3:1 ratio with four different phenotypes in the f2 progeny. if the alleles are epistatic, what would you predict?
A gene is said to be epistasis when its presence suppresses the effect of a gene at another locus.
What does epistasis influence?What'smore, epistasis causes the marginal (i.e., additive) effects of alleles to be dependent on the prevailing genetic background. The additive component of genetic variance is therefore responsible for the immediate response of allele frequencies to selection, although these additive effects may vary over time.
Epistatic gene ,a gene that determines whether or not a trait will be expressed. The system skin color in man , example is independent of the gene responsible for albinism of skin color.
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if a plant is exposed to light from all directions what would happen to the plant, considering light kills auxins?
Fossil evidence indicates that complex life forms developed approximately __________ years before present
Fossil evidence indicates that complex life forms developed approximately 3.5 billion years before present.
In addition to impressions, preserved remains, and indications of life, fossils represent the best-preserved evidence of past life on Earth. The most common sources of fossils are the hard parts of a creature, such as the exoskeleton, bones, stone imprints, and shells. Due to the unusual conditions that must exist for a fossil to form, they are exceedingly uncommon. The earliest fossil living forms date back 3.5 billion years. Cyanobacteria, one of the planet's first life forms, left behind these fossils. Since these cyanobacteria lived in thick bacterial mats, the fossil record has preserved them.
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how do nitrates travel throughout the ocean?
Answer:
The ocean absorbs nitrogen gas from the atmosphere.
Explanation:
In open ocean areas with low concentrations of nutrients (oligotrophic regions) some of this nitrogen is taken up by microbes and formed into various chemical compounds.
How does water having high specific heat capacity and high heat of vaporization help life on earth?.
What is the role of the snake in this food web?
a. heterotroph
b. autotroph
c. saprotroph
d. producer
The role of the snake in this food web is Heterotroph.
A heterotroph is a secondary consumer that eats other animals and plants to fulfil their energy needs.
They cannot produce their own food and rely on organic matter to substance for nutrition.
Snake eats other organisms such as rodents, birds, rabbits, insects, reptiles, slugs, earthworms, eggs of other animals, frogs, toads etc.
They eat food through their mouth and swallow them . Their nutrition is heterotrophic nutrition.
On the contrary, autotrophs produce their own food, producers also make their own food, while saprotroph rely on organic matter for their food and nutrition.
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What type of information is often transferred directly through conjugation between bacterial cells?
DNA is often transferred directly through conjugation between bacterial cells.
In bacteria, conjugation is a process through which bacteria transfer their DNA - genetic material from one bacterium to another.
In this process, one bacteria is the donor, and the other is the recipient of the genetic material.
The material is transferred either through a bridge-like connection or by a cell-to-cell connection.
The donor bacterium contains the material of fertilization or the fusion of male and female gametes.
To put it simply, the process of conjugation is not only vital for the evolution of bacteria but also for a human good cause.
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Which component of the blood is a part of the body’s immune system
Answer:
White blood corpuscles
Explanation:
The are made in the bone marrow along with red blood corpuscles. It moves along blood and into tissue looking for bacteria, fungi, parasite, virus etc., to destroy.
Several species of Anolis lizards live in the same types of tree and have a similar diet. Discuss resource partitioning to explain how interspecific competition is reduced
Resource partitioning is an ecological mechanism where two or more different species differentiate in ecological niches in order to coexist in the same region, which is in this case exploited by Anolis species.
What is resource partitioning?Resource partitioning can be defined as an ecological process in which similar species develop certain adaptations to cohabit a given geographic area, thereby having different niches but living in the same region.
In this case, Anolis species live in the same area and also eat the same resources but they have adapted to cohabit by avoiding any type of harmful competition and thus coexist.
In conclusion, resource partitioning refers to an ecological phenomenon where two or more species differentiate in their niches to cohabit in the same region, which is in this case exploited by Anolis species.
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What happens to an onion cell after being in salt water then moved to pure water
Answer:
Vacuole within the onion cell expands, pushing the cytoplasm outwards
Explanation:
If an onion cell that is placed into an external solution whose solute concentration is lower (hypotonic), i.e. having less salt, than that of the cytosol (because it had previously been in a salty solution), the vacuole within the cell will expand, pushing the cytoplasm outwards.
Helpp
1. Where the world's major volcanoes and mountains generally located?
A. they are randomly distributed
B. majority of them are found along the edges of some continents
C. majority of them are found at the center of some continents
D. they are scattered in all continents
2. How will you relate the distribution of earthquake epicenters and volcanoes?
A. mountain ranges are found in places where volcanoes or earthquake epicenters are also located.
B. mountain ranges cannot be found in places where volcanoes or earthquake epicenters are also located
C. mountain ranges, volcanoes and earthquake epicenters are scattered all over the continents.
D. mountain ranges, volcanoes and earthquake epicenters are located in transform fault boundaries.
Answer:
1. B. majority of them are found along the edges of some continents
2. D. mountain ranges, volcanoes and earthquake epicenters are located in transform fault boundaries.
What is evolutionary advantage?
Answer:
The ability of an animal to relate a present complex scene to its own previous history of learning conferred an adaptive evolutionary advantage
Explanation:
The ability of an animal to relate a present complex scene to its own
Ash from ancient volcanoes blanketed the serengeti plain millions of years ago, helping to preserve in place what kind of record related to human evolution?.
Because of a random confluence of circumstances including a volcanic eruption, a downpour, and further ashfall, the Laetoli footprints were created and preserved.
What use do the Laetoli imprints serve?These findings support the idea that significant evolutionary changes to hominin bipedalism occurred within the last 3.66 million years, as the Laetoli footprints offer a clear snapshot of an early hominin bipedal gait that likely involved limb posture that was slightly but significantly different from our own. Myr
Seven million years ago, the oldest known human forebears were discovered there. In 1978, the oldest known biped was discovered there.
The earliest stone tools were created by Homo habilis during the early Stone Age, often known as the Lower Paleolithic.
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Identify the terms and characteristics associated with prokaryotic cells (such as bacteria) and those associated with eukaryotic cells.
These are the terms and characteristics associated with prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic Cells
What is a Nucleus?A cell's nucleus is a membrane-enclosed organelle that houses the chromosomes.The membrane that surrounds the nucleus separates the cytoplasm from the nucleus's contents.It is the DNA's residence. DNA contains the genetic information needed for the formation of various cell components as well as reproduction.Some critical cellular processes are also housed in the nucleus.Prokaryotic cells are defined by the following terms and characteristics: The nucleoid region of DNA, Circular chromosome, small cell size There are very few intracellular membranes.
Peptidoglycan-containing cell walls and Eukaryotic Cells: DNA within a nucleus Cells with a wide range of sizes, mitochondria, multiple membrane-enclosed organelles, and linear chromosomes.
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Meliosis is associated with the
Answer: Melioidosis, also called Whitmore's disease, is an infectious disease that can infect humans or animals. The disease is caused by the bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei or B. pseudomallei, which is found in contaminated soil and water.
Explanation:
The principle used to determine whether an allele is experiencing evolution is called:_________
The principle used to determine whether an allele is experiencing evolution is called the - Hardy- Weinberg law of equilibrium.
What is an allele?Garden pea flowers can be purple or white in color. The gene that codes for this trait, which produces a purple pigment, comes in two forms: allele for purple color and allele for white color. An allele is a variant or variants of a DNA sequence at a specific genomic location.Each person inherits two alleles, one from each parent.If the two alleles are the same, the individual is said to be homozygous for that allele.The person is heterozygous if the alleles differ. Alleles influence an organism's phenotype, or outward appearance. Certain alleles are dominant, whereas others are recessive.To know more about allele:
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Neurons _____ connected physically and communicate with each other at the _____.
Answer:
Neurons ARE NOT connected physically and communicate with each other at the SYNAPSEExplanation:
ANSWER: "ARE NOT" AND "SYNAPSE"
If you look straight at an object when it is nearly
dark, you may find it difficult to see it. It is easier
to see if you look just to one side of it. Explain
why this is.
Although there are many different types of cells in the human eye, rods and cones are responsible for sensing light. Rods are more sensitive to light intensity than cones are to color. Rods have a considerably greater convergence and hence send more information per ganglion, making them more sensitive to light. This allows for crisper vision in low light conditions or the dark.
It is concentrated on areas of the retina that are predominately made up of rod photoreceptors when you are not looking directly at something. Compared to the cones, which are gathered in the area of the retina used for direct vision, they are more sensitive to low light.
More cones than rods are found in the fovea, the middle part of the eye that you perceive as the center of your field of vision. Cones can only detect specific light frequencies, which are typically absent in dark spaces. The rods are more wavelength sensitive. They are terrible at discriminating colors but excel at contrast. The fovea is surrounded by rods, so by avoiding direct eye contact with it, you can see more light coming from it.Learn more about the human eye here:
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A chromosome has a gene sequence of jklmnop. a mutation of the chromosome results in a gene sequence of jklop. this type of mutation is best described as a ______.
This decribes the point mutations.
What is the difference between point mutation and chromosomal mutation ?Point mutation occur when a nucleotide is swapped for another nucleotide and can be missense , non sense or silent mutations. Chromosomal mutation occur when an abnormal number of chromosomes.
Point Mutation is a genetic alterations caused by the substitution of a single nucleotide for another nucleotide.
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What is the difference between active and passivSome students used vinegar to dissolve away the shells of three eggs and used these eggs as models of human red blood cells. The students observed the changes in the eggs when they were placed in different solutions.
Which statement best describes the role of the cell membrane in this model?
-:---:--
Responses
The cell membrane is an impermeable barrier that prevents water from entering the cell
The cell membrane is an impermeable barrier that prevents water from entering the cell
The cell membrane allows water to enter and leave the cell
The cell membrane allows water to enter and leave the cell
The cell membrane allows solutes to enter the cell, which causes the cell to shrink
The cell membrane allows solutes to enter the cell, which causes the cell to shrink
The cell membrane removes solutes from the environment
e transport
This statement best describes the role of the cell membrane in this model the cell membrane allows water to enter and leave the cell.
The cell membrane is a selectively permeable membrane, permitting the passage of some non-polar and tiny molecules. The cell membrane allows water to freely flow through it in accordance with the concentration gradient. The membrane functioned as the egg's outermost covering once the shell was removed.Depending on the concentration gradient when the cells were submerged in a different solution, the water migrated into or out of the cells. When egg cells are submerged in a hypotonic solution, water seeps within, increasing the volume of the cell. In contrast, water escapes from an egg cell immersed in a hypertonic solution through the cell membrane, causing the egg to shrink. Osmosis is the term used to describe this passive water passage through the cell membrane.To know more about cell membrane, visit:
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Vibrio cholerae is an aerobic, non-spore-forming, gram-negative, bacillus. what does the aforementioned description tell you about the cell wall composition of vibrio cholera and regard to peptidoglycan?
A curved, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative rod with a length of 1.04–1.06 m is known as Vibrio cholerae. Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease that poses a serious health risk to people in developing countries. It is caused by a facultative human pathogen that is present in coastal waters.
The cell wall serves a variety of purposes. It is adaptable but gives the cell strength, assisting in preventing physical harm to the cell. Additionally, it provides the cell its shape and enables the organism to keep its overall shape. The cell wall can defend the cell from infections like bacteria that are attempting to enter. Numerous small molecules can pass through the cell wall due to its structure, but larger ones that could harm the cell cannot.
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