Why does the time between the arrival of the P waves and S waves become greater and greater as you get further away from the epicenter?

There are approximately 7,808 turns in the secondary coil.

To determine the number of turns in the secondary coil, we can use the formula for transformer voltage ratio, which states that the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary coil to the number of turns in the primary coil is equal to the ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage. In this case, the input voltage is 21 V and the output voltage is 10,000 V, so the voltage ratio is 10,000/21.

Using this voltage ratio formula, we can write:
number of turns in the secondary coil / 164 = 10,000 / 21

Solving for the number of turns in the secondary coil, we get:
number of turns in the secondary coil = (10,000 / 21) x 164
number of turns in the secondary coil = 7,808 turns (rounded to the nearest whole number)

So there are approximately 7,808 turns in the secondary coil. This allows the transformer to step up the voltage from 21 V to 10,000 V.

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The Maxwell's first equation, also known as Gauss's law for electric fields, states that the electric flux through any closed surface is proportional to the net electric charge enclosed within that surface.

In other words, it relates the electric field to the distribution of electric charges. Mathematically, the equation can be written as ∮E⋅dA = Q/ε₀, where E is the electric field, dA is an infinitesimal surface element, Q is the net electric charge enclosed within the closed surface, and ε₀ is the electric constant.

This equation has important implications in electromagnetism as it helps us understand the behavior of electric fields and charges. It also allows us to calculate the electric field for different charge distributions and to derive other important equations such as Coulomb's law.

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Answer:

depends on how you look at light, gaps do not form between photons as light spreads out

Explanation:

At constant temperature and pressure, ΔSuniv and ΔGsys are related through the Gibbs free energy equation, with positive ΔSuniv indicating a spontaneous process and negative ΔSuniv indicating a non-spontaneous process.

The relationship between âsuniv and âgsys at constant temperature and pressure can be explained through the second law of thermodynamics. âsuniv represents the total change in entropy of a system and its surroundings, while âgsys represents the change in entropy of the system alone. Therefore, the relationship between âsuniv and âgsys can be expressed as âsuniv = âgsys + âssurr, where âssurr represents the change in entropy of the surroundings.

The change in the total entropy of the universe (âsuniv) is equal to the change in entropy of the system (âgsys) plus the change in entropy of the surroundings (âssurr). This relationship highlights the importance of considering not only the system being studied, but also its interaction with the surrounding environment.  At constant temperature and pressure, the relationship between âsuniv and âgsys can be described as âsuniv = âgsys + âssurr, emphasizing the significance of the second law of thermodynamics in understanding the behavior of thermodynamic systems. This relationship can be further explored and applied in various fields such as chemistry, physics, and engineering.

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Compared with a sound of 60 decibels, a sound of 80 decibels has an intensity (c) 1000 times greater.



1. The decibel (dB) scale is a logarithmic scale used to measure sound intensity. It is based on the following formula:

dB = 10 * log10(I / I₀)

where dB is the decibel level, I is the intensity of the sound, and I₀ is the reference intensity (usually the threshold of human hearing, 10^-12 watts/m^2).

2. To compare the intensities of two sounds with different decibel levels, you can use the following formula:

I₂ / I₁ = 10^((dB₂ - dB₁)/10)

3. In your question, you have two sounds with decibel levels of 60 dB and 80 dB. To find the ratio of their intensities, plug the values into the formula:

I₂ / I₁ = 10^((80 - 60)/10)

4. Calculate the ratio:

I₂ / I₁ = 10^(20/10) = 10^2 = 1000

So, compared with a sound of 60 decibels, a sound of 80 decibels has an intensity 1000 times greater.

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The power loss in a kilometer of 10-gauge copper wire, when it carries 0.95 × 102 A, is 30,800 watts. To calculate the power loss in a kilometer of 10-gauge copper wire, we need to use the formula for power loss, which is P = I^2R, where I is the current and R is the resistance.

We first need to calculate the resistance of the wire using the formula R = (ρL)/A, where ρ is the resistivity, L is the length of the wire, and A is the cross-sectional area.

The cross-sectional area of 10-gauge wire is 5.26 mm^2. The length of the wire is 1000 meters. Substituting the values in the formula, we get:

R = (1.72 x 10^-8 x 1000) / 5.26 x 10^-6 = 3.27 Ω

Now, we can calculate the power loss using the formula:

P = (0.95 x 10^2)^2 x 3.27 = 3.08 x 10^4 W

Therefore, the power loss in a kilometer of 10-gauge copper wire, when it carries 0.95 × 102 A, is 30,800 watts.

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Organized energy, such as that found in a battery, is structured and easily accessible for use, whereas disorganized energy, like the thermal energy in the air, is dispersed and less available for work.

Organized energy and disorganized energy are two different ways in which energy can be classified based on its structure and use. Organized energy refers to energy that is stored or utilized in an ordered manner, whereas disorganized energy is dispersed and not readily available for work.
One example of organized energy is the electrical energy stored in a battery. This form of energy is stored in an orderly manner, and can be readily converted into other forms of energy, such as mechanical or thermal energy, for use in various applications like running a motor or powering a device.
On the other hand, an example of disorganized energy is the thermal energy present in the air as a result of random motion of particles. This energy is not concentrated in a specific location or form, making it difficult to harness and use efficiently. The random motion of air molecules leads to a dispersed energy state that is not readily available for doing work or being converted into other forms of energy.
In summary, organized energy, such as that found in a battery, is structured and easily accessible for use, whereas disorganized energy, like the thermal energy in the air, is dispersed and less available for work.

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Compared with the thermal energy and temperature of the sand on a city beach, a very hot cup of hot chocolate has much higher thermal energy and temperature. This is because the hot chocolate has been heated to a high temperature, typically around 65-80°C (149-176°F), whereas the sand on a city beach may only be warmed by the sun to around 30-40°C (86-104°F).

Additionally, the specific heat capacity of sand is much lower than that of liquid, so it takes less thermal energy to heat up sand than it does to heat up hot chocolate. Therefore, the hot chocolate will feel much hotter to the touch and contain more thermal energy than the sand on a city beach.

Compared with the thermal energy and temperature of the sand on a city beach, a very hot cup of hot chocolate has a higher temperature but lower thermal energy. The hot chocolate's higher temperature means it has more intense heat, while the sand's greater thermal energy is due to its larger mass and the heat it has absorbed throughout the day.

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The given statement "the mantle is partially molten, that's why no S waves travel through it" is false because the mantle is partially molten, but this is not the reason why no S waves travel through it. S waves, or secondary waves, are a type of seismic wave generated during earthquakes.

They cannot travel through liquids, as they require a rigid medium for propagation. The reason S waves don't travel through the mantle is because of the outer core, which is a liquid layer composed mainly of molten iron and nickel. When S waves encounter the outer core, they are absorbed and cannot continue through the liquid.

This creates a shadow zone on the opposite side of the Earth from the earthquake's epicenter, where S waves are not detected. The mantle itself is made up of solid rock with pockets of molten material, and S waves can propagate through the solid parts of the mantle.

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The magnitude of the induced electric field near the center of a solenoid can be determined using Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. The law states that the induced electromotive force (EMF) in a closed

loop is equal to the negative rate of change of magnetic flux through the loop. In the case of a solenoid, the magnetic field inside is given by B = μ₀ * n * I, where B is the magnetic field, μ₀ is the permeability of free space (4π x 10⁻⁷ Tm/A), n is the number of turns per meter (900 turns/m), and I is the current in the solenoid.

Since the current is increasing at a uniform rate (dI/dt = 33.0 A/s), the rate of change of magnetic flux (dB/dt) can be calculated as dB/dt = μ₀ * n * (dI/dt). Now, the induced EMF can be found using Faraday's law: EMF = - (dB/dt) * A, where A is the area of the loop. For a point near the center of the solenoid, the area can be approximated as the cross-sectional area of the solenoid, which is A = π * (radius)² = π * (0.025 m)².

Finally, the magnitude of the induced electric field (E) can be determined by dividing the induced EMF by the circumference of the loop: E = EMF / (2π * radius). By substituting the given values and solving for E, you can find the magnitude of the induced electric field near the center of the solenoid.

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To find the average speed of the car for the entire trip, we need to first calculate the total distance traveled and the total time taken.

Distance traveled in the first 2.00 hours = 50.0 km/hr x 2.00 hr = 100.0 km

Distance traveled in the next 1.00 hour = 40.0 km

Total distance traveled = 100.0 km + 40.0 km = 140.0 km

Total time taken = 2.00 hr + 1.00 hr = 3.00 hr

Average speed = Total distance / Total time = 140.0 km / 3.00 hr = 46.7 km/hr

Therefore, the average speed of the car for the entire trip is 46.7 km/hr.

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The spring constant of the bungee cord is approximately 58.97 N/m.

We need to use the equation for the period of simple harmonic motion: T = 2π√(m/k)
where T is the period, m is the mass of the object, and k is the spring constant. We are given the mass of the bungee jumper (m = 75.8 kg) and the period of oscillation (T = 7.25 s), so we can rearrange the equation to solve for k:
k = (4π²m)/T²
Plugging in the values, we get: k = (4π² x 75.8 kg)/(7.25 s)²
k ≈ 266.3 N/m
So the spring constant of the bungee cord is approximately 266.3 N/m.

The answer to your question is that the spring constant of the bungee cord is approximately 266.3 N/m. This can be calculated using the formula k = (4π²m)/T², where m is the mass of the bungee jumper and T is the period of oscillation.
The spring constant of the bungee cord can be calculated using the formula for the period of oscillation in a mass-spring system, which is: T = 2π * sqrt(m / k)
Where T is the period of oscillation (7.25 s), m is the mass of the bungee jumper (75.8 kg), and k is the spring constant we need to find. First, square both sides of the equation: (T^2) / (4π^2) = m / k
Now, rearrange the equation to isolate k:
k = m / ((T^2) / (4π^2))
Plug in the given values for mass and period:
k = 75.8 / ((7.25^2) / (4π^2))
Solve for k:
k ≈ 58.97 N/m

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The total number of complete revolutions the flywheel will make before coming to a stop is 279 revolutions.

To determine the total number of complete revolutions the flywheel will make before coming to a stop, we can break down the problem into each minute of operation and calculate the number of revolutions for each minute.

Given:

Maximum speed of the flywheel: 170 revolutions per minute

Let's calculate the number of revolutions for each minute:

Minute 1: 170 revolutions (maximum speed)

Minute 2: (2/5) * 170 = 68 revolutions

Minute 3: (2/5) * 68 = 27.2 revolutions (rounded to the nearest whole number)

Minute 4: (2/5) * 27.2 = 10.88 revolutions (rounded to the nearest whole number)

Minute 5: (2/5) * 10.88 = 4.352 revolutions (rounded to the nearest whole number)

The pattern continues with the flywheel rotating two-fifths as many times each subsequent minute until it comes to a stop. However, since the values become progressively smaller, we can see that the flywheel will never complete another whole revolution after Minute 5.

Therefore, the total number of complete revolutions the flywheel will make before coming to a stop is 170 + 68 + 27 + 10 + 4 = 279 revolutions.

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Since the ladder is leaning against a smooth vertical wall, there will be no frictional force acting in the vertical direction. However, there will be a force of friction acting in the horizontal direction due to the roughness of the ground.

In the case of a ladder that is resting on rough ground and leaning against a smooth vertical wall, the force of friction will act in a direction opposite to the ladder's motion or tendency to move. This is because the force of friction always opposes the direction of motion or tendency to move. This force of friction will act to prevent the ladder from slipping or sliding along the ground, ensuring that it remains in place and leaning against the wall. The magnitude of this force of friction will depend on the weight of the ladder and the roughness of the ground.

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When a study participant no longer wants to disclose PHI (Protected Health Information), several options are available to researchers. First, researchers can attempt to obtain informed consent from participants that specifically allows for withdrawal of participation or disclosure of PHI.

Second, researchers can offer participants the option to disclose only certain types of PHI or limit the scope of disclosure. If a participant still refuses to disclose PHI, researchers must respect the participant's wishes and cannot use or disclose the information in any way. It is important for researchers to maintain confidentiality and protect the privacy of study participants, and to ensure that all data collected is in compliance with relevant privacy laws and regulations.
When a study participant no longer wishes to disclose their PHI (Protected Health Information), it is crucial to respect their privacy and autonomy. In such cases, researchers should ensure informed consent is obtained and offer the option to withdraw or anonymize the participant's data. Compliance with HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) regulations is necessary, safeguarding the individual's rights and confidentiality. Open communication and transparency between the researcher and participant can help address concerns and maintain trust in the research process.

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Answer:

Approximately [tex]6.75\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}[/tex].

Explanation:

Let [tex]u[/tex] denote the initial velocity and let [tex]v[/tex] denote the velocity after launching.

By the conservation of momentum, the sum of momentum would the same before and after launching:

[tex]m_{b}\, u_{b} + m_{r} \, u_{r} = m_{b}\, v_{b} + m_{r}\, v_{r}[/tex].

Assuming that [tex]u_{b} = u_{r} = 0\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}[/tex]:

[tex]m_{b}\, v_{b} + m_{r}\, v_{r} = 0[/tex].

It is given that [tex]v_{b} = 360\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}[/tex] and [tex]m_{r} = 1.6\; {\rm kg}[/tex]. Apply unit conversion and ensure that mass values are measured in the same unit (kilograms):

[tex]m_{b} = 30\; {\rm g} = 30 \times 10^{-3}\; {\rm kg} = 0.030\; {\rm kg}[/tex].

Substitute these values into the equation and solve for [tex]v_{r}[/tex]:

[tex]\begin{aligned}v_{r} &= \frac{-m_{b}\, v_{b}}{m_{r}}\\ &= \frac{-(0.030\; {\rm kg})\, (360\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}})}{1.6\; {\rm kg}} \\ &= 6.75\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}\end{aligned}[/tex].

Assuming that both refrigerators have the same weight, the work done in lifting the refrigerator to the truck is the same for both Mr. Montana and Mr. Perry, regardless of the method they used to lift it. However, the force required to lift the refrigerator is different.

Mr. Montana used a ramp to move the refrigerator up to his truck, which means that he applied a smaller force over a longer distance. This is because the ramp reduces the force needed to move the object against gravity, but it increases the distance over which the force is applied. In contrast, Mr. Perry lifted the refrigerator directly, applying a larger force over a shorter distance.

Therefore, Mr. Perry applied more force than Mr. Montana to lift the refrigerator, as he had to lift the entire weight of the refrigerator with his arms. On the other hand, Mr. Montana applied less force because the ramp reduced the force needed to move the refrigerator up to his truck.

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Answer:

To use Snell's law to find N1, we need to know the indices of refraction and angles of incidence and refraction of the two media.

Snell's law states that:

n1 sin(theta1) = n2 sin(theta2)

where n1 and n2 are the indices of refraction of the two media, theta1 is the angle of incidence, and theta2 is the angle of refraction.

We are given n2=2.61, theta1=40°, and theta2=34°. To find N1, we need to rearrange Snell's law to solve for n1:

n1 = n2 sin(theta2) / sin(theta1)

Plugging in the values we have:

n1 = 2.61 sin(34°) / sin(40°)

n1 ≈ 2.22

Therefore, the index of refraction of the first medium (N1) is approximately 2.22, based on the given values and Snell's law.

Answer:

worldwide is the answer

The term "a change in the forces in one part of a closed system affects the entire system" can be accurately applied to the "force-field analysis." (Option c)

Force-field analysis is a decision-making technique that involves analyzing the pros and cons of a proposed solution. It assumes that any action is affected by the interplay between the forces that support it and the forces that oppose it. It proposes that for an individual to progress or change, the driving force must be greater than the resisting force. Therefore, to attain progress, one must amplify the driving forces and decrease the restraining ones.

This technique is frequently used to aid in the preparation of change and innovation efforts, particularly in the business and healthcare sectors. Thus, the correct answer is option c: force-field analysis.

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Explanation:

These are just simple  unit conversion problems:

78979.4 mi /hr^2  *  5280 ft / mile  *   hr^2 / (3600 s )^2 = 32.18 ft/s^2

78979.4 mi / hr^2 * 1609.344 m / mile   * hr^2 / 3600s)^2 = 9.81 m/ s^2

Chris is approximately 63.24 meters away from the source of the sound.

We can calculate the distance Chris is from the source of sound using the Inverse-square law formula. The formula states that the sound intensity (I) is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source (r²).In other words,

I₁/I₂ = (r₂/r₁)²

Where I₁ and r₁ represent the sound intensity and distance from the source respectively for John, and I₂ and r₂ represent the same for Chris.

To find the distance r₂ for Chris, we can rearrange the formula and substitute the given values as follows:

I₁/I₂ = (r₂/r₁)²r₂ = r₁√(I₁/I₂)r₁ = 2m (given)I₁ = 10(60/10) = 1,000,000 μW/m² (using the formula I = 10(L/10))I₂ = 10(20/10) = 100 μW/m² (using the formula I = 10(L/10))r₂ = 2√(1,000,000/100)≈63.24m

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A standpipe system is a crucial element in fire protection that provides firefighters with a readily available water supply to fight fires in high-rise buildings.

However, there may be situations where a standpipe system is not available or not functioning correctly, such as in older buildings or during maintenance and construction work. In such cases, firefighters may need to improvise by stretching a hoseline up an interior stairwell or up the side of the building to access water sources at higher elevations. This method is called an improvised standpipe system. It involves firefighters running a hoseline up the stairwell or the exterior of the building and then connecting it to a water source, such as a fire hydrant or a nearby water source.

This method can be time-consuming and challenging, especially in buildings with limited access, but it can provide firefighters with a critical water supply to fight fires in high-rise buildings. In summary, an improvised standpipe system may be necessary when a traditional standpipe system is not available or not functioning correctly, and firefighters need a readily available water supply to fight fires in high-rise buildings.

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The work done by both twins walking and running up the stairs is the same, but the twin running up the stairs has a greater power output as they are doing the same amount of work in a shorter amount of time.

In physics, work is defined as the product of the force applied to an object and the displacement of the object in the direction of the force. In other words, work is done when a force is applied to an object and the object moves in the same direction as the force. Work is measured in joules (J), which is the unit of energy. When work is done on an object, it gains or loses energy, depending on the direction of the force and the displacement of the object.

The work done by both twins will be the same as they are moving the same distance from the first floor to the second floor. However, the power output of the twin who runs up the stairs will be greater because they are doing the same amount of work in a shorter amount of time. Power is defined as the rate at which work is done, so the twin who runs up the stairs is doing more work per unit time and therefore has a greater power output.

Therefore, While both twins walking and running up the stairs perform the same amount of effort, the twin running has a higher power output since they complete the same amount of labour in less time.

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I-10 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) is a medical classification system used by healthcare providers and researchers to classify and code diseases and health conditions. In this system, hypertension (high blood pressure) and acute kidney disease are two separate diagnoses that can be coded independently.

While hypertension is a known risk factor for developing kidney disease, it is not necessarily a direct cause of acute kidney disease. Acute kidney disease can have various causes, including infections, medication toxicity, and decreased blood flow to the kidneys. Hypertension can contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease over time, but it may not directly cause acute kidney injury.

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Cloud-to-ground lightning is a natural electrical discharge that occurs during thunderstorms. The process starts with the buildup of charge separation in the storm clouds.

The tops of the clouds become positively charged while the bottom of the clouds become negatively charged. The negatively charged region at the bottom of the clouds induces a positive charge in the ground below it. This sets up a potential difference between the cloud and the ground, and when the potential difference becomes high enough, it triggers a flow of current in the form of lightning.

The lightning discharge serves to neutralize the charge separation and restore balance to the atmospheric electrical system. It does so by creating a pathway of ionized air molecules between the cloud and the ground. This pathway allows for the flow of current to occur, with electrons from the cloud moving toward the ground, neutralizing the positive charge induced in the ground.

The net charges of the lower cloud and the ground immediately prior to a cloud-to-ground lightning strike are negative and positive, respectively. The magnitude of the charges can vary depending on the specific conditions of the storm system, but in general, the bottom of the cloud has a larger negative charge compared to the positive charge induced in the ground below it.

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Newton's second law states that the net force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration. When considering forces parallel to an incline, we need to take into account the forces involved in that direction. In this case, we have the static friction force (F_friction) and the component of the weight of the block (mg) acting down the incline.

The equation for Newton's second law for forces parallel to the incline can be expressed as:

F_net_parallel = F_friction + mg*sin(θ)

Where:

F_net_parallel is the net force acting parallel to the incline.

F_friction is the static friction force between the block and the incline.

m is the mass of the block.

g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s²).

θ is the angle of the incline with respect to the horizontal.

The static friction force, F_friction, is given by:

F_friction = μ_s * N

Where:

μ_s is the coefficient of static friction between the block and the incline.

N is the normal force exerted on the block by the incline.

The normal force, N, can be calculated as:

N = mg*cos(θ)

Finally, the tension in the string, T, can also be taken into account if applicable. In that case, the equation would become:

F_net_parallel = F_friction + mg*sin(θ) - T

Note that this equation assumes that the block is not sliding down the incline. If the block is in motion, additional considerations, such as the kinetic friction force, may be necessary.

Conduction is not an important process of energy transport inside the Sun. So the correct answer is option C.

The high temperature and density of the solar interior cause it to behave like a plasma, a state of matter in which electrons are stripped from atoms, resulting in a highly conductive fluid. Convection and radiation are the primary means by which energy is transported from the core of the Sun to its surface. Convection involves the transfer of heat through the motion of fluid, while radiation involves the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves. The convective zone is the outermost layer of the solar interior, and it plays a crucial role in the transport of energy. Hence option C is correct.

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Answer:Before the collision, the truck had no kinetic energy since it was at rest. The car also had no kinetic energy since it was stationary. Therefore, the initial kinetic energy of the system was zero.

After the collision, the truck and car move with a common speed of 2 m/s. The total mass of the system is:

m = mass of truck + mass of car

m = 8,800 kg + 1,000 kg

m = 9,800 kg

The final kinetic energy of the system is:

KE_final = (1/2) * m * v^2

KE_final = (1/2) * 9,800 kg * (2 m/s)^2

KE_final = 19,600 J

The amount of kinetic energy "lost" in the collision is therefore:

KE_lost = KE_initial - KE_final

KE_lost = 0 J - 19,600 J

KE_lost = -19,600 J

The negative sign indicates that kinetic energy was not conserved in the inelastic collision, and that some of the initial kinetic energy was lost due to deformation and other forms of energy dissipation.

Explanation:

Before the collision, the truck had no kinetic energy since it was at rest. The car also had no kinetic energy since it was stationary. Therefore, the initial kinetic energy of the system was zero.

After the collision, the truck and car move with a common speed of 2 m/s. The total mass of the system is:

m = mass of truck + mass of car

m = 8,800 kg + 1,000 kg

m = 9,800 kg

The final kinetic energy of the system is:

KE_final = (1/2) * m * v^2

KE_final = (1/2) * 9,800 kg * (2 m/s)^2

KE_final = 19,600 J

The amount of kinetic energy "lost" in the collision is therefore:

KE_lost = KE_initial - KE_final

KE_lost = 0 J - 19,600 J

KE_lost = -19,600 J

The negative sign indicates that kinetic energy was not conserved in the inelastic collision, and that some of the initial kinetic energy was lost due to deformation and other forms of energy dissipation.

a) The rms value of the voltage is D) 71 V.

b) The peak value of the current is A) 141 mA.

(a) The relationship between the peak voltage and the rms voltage in an AC circuit is given by:

V_rms = V_peak / sqrt(2)

Substituting V_peak = 100 V, we get:

V_rms = 100 / sqrt(2) ≈ 70.7 V

Therefore, the answer is D) 71 V.

(b) The relationship between the peak current and the rms current in an AC circuit is given by:

I_peak = I_rms * sqrt(2)

Substituting I_rms = 100 mA, we get:

I_peak = 100 * sqrt(2) ≈ 141 mA

Therefore, the answer is A) 141 mA.

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