Strong "driving forces" help to hasten thermodynamic processes that reduce free energy when there is a high surface area to volume ratio.
How significant is the surface area to volume ratio for drug exchange?All areas of the cell are easily accessible, and substances can diffuse in and out at a high rate. Larger creatures need transport mechanisms to carry chemicals, like oxygen, around the body to where they are needed because of their lower surface area: volume ratio.
Why is it critical that exchange surfaces have more surface area?
The area across which gases and other materials can be carried into and out of the organism via diffusion and active transport is expanded as a result, which is favorable. A gas exchange surface illustration with a large SA: volume ratio is the alveoli.
To know more about surface area-to-volume-ratio visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/14289582
#SPJ4
predator-prey coevolution is similar to plant-pollinator coevolution in terms of the dynamics between organisms. group of answer choices true false
Predator-prey coevolution is similar to plant-pollinator coevolution in terms of dynamics between organisms : false.
How is predator-prey coevolution different from plant-pollinator coevolution?Predator-prey interaction is the most important way in which species interact in ecological communities. It is termed as predation, whenever an organism consumes another living organism.
In a predator-prey interaction, the emergence of faster prey may select against individuals in the predatory species who are not able to keep pace.
Angiosperms produces flowers with nectar and pollen to attract flower-visitors and in turn, the flower-visitors transport pollen and effect pollination, producing seeds. These plant-pollinator interactions is the products of coevolution between plants and insects.
To know more about coevolution, refer
https://brainly.com/question/1489642
#SPJ4
Read the following article describing a current marine issue.
Household vinegar advances the fight against crown of thorns starfish threat on Great Barrier Reef
ABC North Qld
By Kathleen Calderwood and Isobel Roe
Crown of thorns starfish (COTS) is a pest which eats coral tissues, posing a huge threat to the reef. Australian
Institute of Marine Science research showed coral cover on surveyed reefs had declined by about 50% over
the past 30 years, with COTS responsible for almost half of that decline. James Cook University scientist Lisa
Boström-Einarsson searched for an eradication method for COTS that was cheap, easily available and safe
for everything other than the starfish themselves. Her method involved injecting the COTS with 20 milliliters
of household vinegar. The trial saw a 100% kill rate within 48 hours of injection. "I tried alcohol [first] and that
did not work very well, and then I heard some rumors that some people had used vinegar but had not had
very good results," Ms Boström-Einarsson said. "So I refined the methods a little bit and then it turned out to
work really well." Ms Boström-Einarsson said the starfish were mostly water inside and could not tolerate the
acidity of the vinegar. "The acid basically just melts their insides," she said. "It is quite dramatic the way they
go and within 24 hours there is basically just slime left-it is not pretty."
Explain the scientific procedure followed in the article by describing the following: (4 points)
1. State the problem
2. Identify a hypothesis from the article
3. Identify the procedures used in the experiment
4. Describe the results
1. State the problem: This COTS pest destroys coral tissues, endangering the reefs severely. Marine Science investigated the matter and discovered that COTS was to blame for the coral cover on measured reefs declining by around 50% during the previous 30 years.
2. Identify a hypothesis from the article: If Lisa succeeds in eliminating COTS, the COTs may begin to perish.
3. Identify the procedures used in the experiment: So Lisa looked for a COTS eradication approach that was affordable, simple to apply, and safe for all organisms except starfish. She utilized alcohol and vinegar because it was convenient and affordable.
4. Describe the results: Lisa initially tried using alcohol, but she soon realized that it did not work. After hearing reports that other people had used vinegar, but had received poor results, Lisa slightly improved the procedures, which eventually proved to be quite effective. After all, it was determined that because starfish were primarily made of water, they could not withstand the acidity of the vinegar. As a result, the starfish were killed within 24 hours, leaving only slime.
What is COTS?
Acanthaster planci, often known as the COTS, is a type of corallivore that lives naturally on coral reefs and consumes coral polyps. They come in a variety of colors, from reddish-gray to green to purplish blue, and are covered in long, venomous spines. Although they can be as huge as 80 cm, they typically have a diameter of 25 to 35 cm.
COTS are an essential component of the ecosystem in normal proportions on healthy coral reefs. They frequently consume the rapidly corals, allowing the slower-growing types to catch up and increasing the variety of coral reefs on our reefs.
To learn more about COTS
Here: https://brainly.com/question/2950400
#SPJ9
During the relative refractory period, the membrane is hyperpolarized and a larger incoming stimulus is required to trigger an action poential. How does this affect the response properties of a sensory neuron?.
The pace at which the sensory neuron emits action potentials will rise with increased input intensity.
How can hyperpolarization of a membrane affect it?A cell's membrane potential changes during hyperpolarization to become more negatively charged. It is a depolarization's opposite. By requiring more stimuli to raise the membrane potential to the action potential threshold, it prevents action potentials.
Some potassium channels remain open throughout the hyperpolarization period, whereas sodium channels reset. Before the potassium channels shut, there is a period of enhanced potassium permeability, which causes an excessive potassium outflow. This leads to hyperpolarization, which is seen by the tiny drop that follows the spike.
The membrane potential becomes marginally more positive than its resting value as a result of the increased outflow of potassium ions.
learn more about hyperpolarization refer
https://brainly.com/question/12982897
#SPJ4
In a pecie of fly, mooth wing (W) are dominant to wrinkled wing (w) and red bodie (R) are dominant to yellow bodie (r). A WwRr and wwrr fly mate and produce the following offpring:
Phenotype Number of Offpring
Smooth, red 778
Smooth, yellow 162
Wrinkled, red 158
Wrinkled, yellow 785
What i the percent recombination frequency for thi cro?
Round to nearet whole number. \%%
The percent recombination frequency of the offspring produced by the cross between WwRr and wwrr fly will be approximately 17%.
Recombination frequency is the proportion of the recombinant offspring (whose trait is different from the parents) produced by a cross.
It can be calculated by the formula: (Total number of recombinant offspring / total number of offspring produced ) × 100.
In the question, the trait of parents is: smooth and red (WwRr) and wrinkled and yellow (wwrr).
Therefore, offspring having trait combinations other that this are recombinants. Thus the total number or offspring will be:
Smooth, yellow + Wrinkled, red = 162 + 158 = 320.
The total number of offspring produced by the cross are: 778+162+158+785 = 1883.
Therefore, the percentage recombination frequency = (320÷1883) × 100 = 16.99 %.
The nearest whole number to this value is 17 %.
To know more about recombination frequency, here
brainly.com/question/7299933
#SPJ4
If a spindle fiber fails to attach to one sister chromatid during m phase and the cell continue through mitosis, what will be true about the genetic information in the daughter cells and why will this be true?.
Because sister chromatids do not separate during anaphase, the genetic information will not be the same. Thus, this will true about the genetic information in the daughter cells.
Mitosis, the process of cell division, creates genetically identical cells with a constant number of chromosomes. As a result, equational division is another name for mitosis. In general, the S phase of interphase, which is when DNA replication takes place, comes before mitosis. Telophase and cytokinesis, which divides a cell's cytoplasm, organelles, and cell membrane into two new cells with roughly equal amounts of these cellular components, frequently follow.
To know more about mitosis, click here,
brainly.com/question/19058180
#SPJ4
The transpiration pull is due to the ________ that causes water to move up through the xylem that begins at the surface of mesophyll cells.
The transpiration pull is due to the negative pressure potential that causes water to move up through the xylem that begins at the surface of mesophyll cells.
The process of transpiration occurs when water moves through a plant and evaporates through its exposed surfaces, such as the stem, leaves, or flowers. The primary element in the leaves and stem that contributes to transpiration is the stomata.High solute content in any cell causes the development of negative pressure potential. Any plant’s top contains a lot of solutes, but the bottom, or root, contains the ideal amount of water. This is what causes the water to rise higher due to the high solute concentration and potential for negative pressure.Through the stomatal holes of the leaves, transpiration mostly takes place. The amount of water that eventually escapes from these openings would rise as their diameter or size increased, increasing the transpiration rate.A higher air humidity level indicates that there are more water vapours present in the environment. As osmotic pressure has a significant impact on transpiration, this slows down the process.
To know more about Transportation visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29370956
#SPJ4
what observations did carl correns make when studying the four-o'clock plant (mirabilis jalapa), leading him to discover maternal inheritance?
Carl Correns made observations when studying the four-o'clock plant (Mirabilis Jalapa), leading him to discover maternal inheritance are
When the mаternаl plаnt hаd green leаves, the offspring аlwаys hаd green leаves.When the mаternаl plаnt hаd vаriegаted leаves, the offspring were green, white, or vаriegаted.When the mаternаl plаnt hаd white leаves, the offspring аlwаys hаd white leаves.What is the variegation in the four o'clock plant and maternal inheritance?The clаssic study of mаternаl inheritаnce wаs performed by Correns on the four o'clock plаnt. This plаnt cаn hаve either green, vаriegаted (white аnd green) or white leаves. Flower structures cаn develop аt different locаtions on the plаnt аnd the flower colour corresponds to the leаf colour. When Correns crossed the different coloured flowers from different locаtions on the femаle plаnt with pollen obtаined from flowers of the three different colours, the progeny thаt resulted from the cross аlwаys exhibited the colour of the leаf of the femаle. Thаt is, regаrdless of whether the pollen wаs from а leаf thаt wаs green, vаriegаted or white. If the femаle flower cаme from а region where the leаves were green, аll the progeny were green. Similаr results were seen when the femаle wаs from а region on the plаnt where the leаves were either vаriegаted or white. In compаrison to trаits controlled by mаternаl effects, those trаits controlled by mаternаl inheritаnce, the femаle phenotype is аlwаys expressed in its offspring.
For more information about maternal inheritance refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/28420538
#SPJ4
a water-treatment method in which water is filtered through a screen to eliminate chemical contaminants and microorganisms is known as
Micron filtration is a type of water-treatment process that uses a screen to remove microorganisms and chemical pollutants from water.
How does micron filtration work?A micron filter is what? Water is cleaned by micron filters to remove dirt, debris, and even microscopic particles. Microns are the unit of measurement for a filter cartridge's pore size. The particulate eliminated is finer the lower the micron rating.
What does chemical treatment entail when treating water?Physical-chemical methods are designed to remove a variety of contaminants from water, starting with organic and inorganic compounds and ending with biological pollution. Chemical water treatment can be used to successfully remove both toxic organic and inorganic compounds.
To know more about Micron filtration visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/9062008
#SPJ4
you have discovered a new gene in corn. the wild type allele of this gene (s) is dominant and makes corn kernels have a smooth surface, whereas the recessive allele (s) makes the corn kernel appear to be wrinkled. you breed a corn strain that has genotype sss (recall that the endosperm of corn kernels is triploid). if the ds transposon is present in one of the s alleles in the cells of the kernel, what will be the phenotype of the corn kernel? assume the transposon can continue to move during kernel growth.
The phenotype of the corn kernel is all wrinkled.
The phenotypes usually used involve the shadeation or form of the kernel. Carolina continues parental shares of yellow and pink corn colors. Purple corn is the end result of a dominant allele, and yellow corn is the end result of the recessive allele of the identical gene.
An ear of corn holds the effects of loads of separate genetic crosses. The ear of corn, below, illustrates the final results of a monohybrid move of determine flora that have been heterozygous for kernel shadeation. P (pink) is the dominant allele, and p (yellow) is the recessive allele.
To learn more about corn kernel, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/21500221
#SPJ4
which the following describes a recognition process most closely analogous to adaptive, as opposed to innate , immune recognition
Your body recognizes bacteria, viruses, and other substances that seem strange and hazardous and protects itself against them using the immune response.
Which of the following distinguishes between innate and adaptive immunity?
The first line of defense the body has against infections is innate immunity. It does not distinguish between different pathogen kinds since it is generic and non-specific. One sort of immunity that develops as we are exposed to illnesses or receive vaccinations is adaptive immunity.
What else do you call an adaptive immune response?
The adaptive immune system, often referred to as the acquired immune system, is a division of the immune system that is made up of systemic, specialized cells and mechanisms that either destroy infections or stop their proliferation.
To know more about adaptive immunity visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/3520843
#SPJ4
The division of the autonomic nervous system that is short‐lived and very localized is.
The division of the autonomic nervous system that is short‐lived and very localized is parasympathetic division.
What is nervous system?The nervous system comprises the brain, spinal cord, and a network of nerves. This system passes messages back and forth between the brain and the body. The brain controls all bodily functions. The spinal cord passes from the brain through the back. In biology, the classical theory of the nervous system states that the nervous system is a highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its behavior and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from various parts of the body increase. The nervous system uses specialized cells called neurons to send signals or messages throughout the body. These electrical signals travel between the brain, skin, organs, glands, and muscles. The messages help you move your limbs and feel pain and other sensations.To learn more about nervous system from the given link :
https://brainly.com/question/29355295
#SPJ4
When rna is being made, the rna base _________ always pairs with the base __________ in dna.
Molecules called nucleic acids regulate every genetic variation and storage within a cell. The molecule that contains a cell's permanent genetic code is called DNA, whereas RNA appears in a variety of forms and regulates certain cellular processes like translation.
What is RNA?All living cells contain ribonucleic acid (abbreviated RNA), a nucleic acid with properties comparable to those of DNA. However, RNA is often single-stranded, unlike DNA.
Instead of the deoxyribose present in DNA, the backbone of an RNA molecule is made up of alternating phosphate groups and the sugar ribose. Each sugar has one of the four bases adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), or guanine attached to it (G).
Cells contain a variety of RNA types, including transfer RNA, messenger RNA, and ribosomal RNA. Additionally, certain RNAs control the expression of genes. RNA serves as the genomic material for some viruses.
Therefore, Molecules called nucleic acids regulate every genetic variation and storage within a cell. The molecule that contains a cell's permanent genetic code is called DNA, whereas RNA appears in a variety of forms and regulates certain cellular processes like translation.
To learn more about RNA, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/13868647
#SPJ1
In need the answer quickly
Please help me!!!
I’ll give you the Brainiest
How are the ways in which energy consumption varies in autotrophs and heterotrophs? Which do you believe to be more evolutionary advantageous? Explain.
Answer in paragraph form using 5-7 complete sentences.
An autotroph can be defined as an organism that synthesize their organic molecules from simple inorganic substances. A heterotroph is a consumer which depends upon both organic components and different animals.
Ways in which energy consumption varies in autographs and heterotrophs are?
Autotrophs depend upon sunlight to prepare their "food" through photosynthesis . Heterotrophs eat or absorb food. Autotrophs obtain carbon from inorganic sources like carbon dioxide (CO2) while heterotrophs uses reduced carbon from the remains.Organic matter which are generated by autotrophs directly or indirectly helps in survival of heterocyclic components.
Autotrophs include plants, algae, and some bacteria. Heterotrophs receive energy from organic components along with dead and decaying matter.
Although both exist symbiotically, autotrophs provide more survival advantages over heterotrophs. As it can sustain and maintain energy without consuming other which leads to diversion of energy.
To know more about Autotroph from the given link
https://brainly.com/question/10253663
#SPJ1
potato, bread, rice, and other grains are examples of what category of classic cold pantry ingredients?
Potato, bread, rice as well as other grains are categorized as cold starches under classic cold pantry ingredients.
Garde manger is classically used to point out the variety of foods that are prepared in the cold kitchen. However, it may also refer to the person or cook who manages the cold food in the kitchen as well as the premises where cold food is prepared. Classic cold pantry ingredients can be categorized as:-
Cold starches- They include Potato, bread, rice as well as other grainsCold meats like ham, sausages, salami, etc.Dairy- It includes milk, butter, cheese, yogurt, etc.Fruits like strawberries, grapes, bananas, etc.Salad vegetables such as lettuce, tomatoes, etc.Cold desserts like ice-creamFresh herbs such as thyme, basil, etc.To learn more about grains here
https://brainly.com/question/14392198
#SPJ4
ebh 316 when an animal gets blinded during early development it will develop abnormally small retinal targets and visual cortices. this is an example of:
Mammals are creatures with a duplex retina, which has cones for color vision & rods for low-light vision. the chain of epigenetic events.
Is retinal a more advantageous kind of retinol?Retinal functions more to 11 times faster fast than retinol, according to clinical trials. Furthermore, retinal has a much higher exfoliation rate that retinol, resulting in skin that is radiant and even in tone.
Retinal is made up only of vitamin A?Retinal is the most dangerous vitamin A derivative due to its high chemical reactivity. Retinal can be dangerous due to its chemical cytotoxicity in arbitrarily changing proteins via Schiff base production, also when vitamins A is just needed for light perception [119].
To know more about Retinal visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28206812
#SPJ4
In the control sample histogram, does the population of cells in the s phase show a distinct peak? why or why not?.
Answer:
No, the DNA content per cell changes as the S phase progresses, so the cells in S phase have a range of fluorescence levels.
Explanation:
Please give the brainliest, really appreciated.
Which organism in this food web would you expect to
have the greatest amount of biomass if a biomass
pyramid was created for this ecosystem?
Answer:
Kelp
Explanation:
The plants are known as producers and they absorb energy in the form of solar energy and converts it into chemical energy. They have the highest energy as they absorb 100% energy from the sun.
Same goes for the biomass, the kelp will contains the highest biomass pyramid will be made. As kelp will be the producer so it will have the maximum biomass.
consider the following family pedigree, which traces the inheritance of a recessive disorder. what is the probability of the individuals in the third generation (iii) expressing the disorder?
Consider the following family pedigree, which traces the inheritance of a recessive disorder. The combination of Alleles of the gene.
To have an autosomal recessive disease, you inherit two changed genes (mutations), one from every figure. those issues are commonly passed on by way of providers. Their fitness is hardly ever affected, however they have one modified gene (recessive gene) and one unaffected gene (dominant gene) for the situation.
Recessive genes are said to be inherited in either an autosomal recessive or X-related pattern. If two copies of the odd gene are present, ailment may additionally expand. but, if most effective one odd gene is wanted to provide a ailment, it leads to a dominant hereditary sickness.
Recessive alleles most effective show their impact if the character has two copies of the allele (additionally called being homozygous?). for instance, the allele for blue eyes is recessive, therefore to have blue eyes you need to have copies of the 'blue eye' allele.
Learn more about recessive disorder here:
https://brainly.com/question/4918483
#SPJ4
highlight a period on the periodic table below in red and a group on the periodic table blue
The highlighted part of the table generally shows the refractory period and this is represented by the table given here.
What is refractory period?The refractory period has been elaborated as the time when the cell has repolarizing. During the refractory period cells are unable to repeat the particular action and takes time to prepare the membrane for next stimulation. An action potential can't be transmitted until there is a potential across the membrane again.
Electrical Muscle Stimulation has been caused by the electrical impulses from brain that allows muscles to contract. A neurotransmitter junction between cells and neuron has been presnet which cause action potential for muscle conraction.
Therefore, The highlighted part of the table generally shows the refractory period and this is represented by the table given here.
Learn more about refractory period on:
https://brainly.com/question/13044654
#SPJ1
what results would you expect if you crossed a homozygous red fish with a homozygous blue fish and then backcrossed the f1 with a homozygous red parental fish?
Lacerate leaves are caused by a dominant allele at gene A, gene B, or both. Last but not least, the parents had to be AA BB lacerate aa BB normal.
what is dominant allele?
Dominant describes the association between two genetic variations. An individual inherits one of each of the two alleles for each gene from each parent. If the alleles are distinct, only one of the gene's alleles—referred to as the dominant gene—will be expressed. The other allele, referred to as the recessive one, has no effect.
Dominant/recessive interactions are the most frequent type of allele-allele interaction. One allele of a gene is said to be dominant when it significantly dominates the other (recessive) allele. Two examples of dominant/recessive gene interactions are blood types and eye color.
Therefore, Lacerate leaves are caused by a dominant allele at gene A, gene B, or both. Last but not least, the parents had to be AA BB lacerate aa BB normal.
To learn more about dominant allele
Here:https://brainly.com/question/2717245
#SPJ4
Depressants _____________ the functioning of the central nervous system. Some examples of these drugs include alcohol, __________, and ____________.
The central nervous system's functionality is reduced by depressants. These substances include alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines, to name a few.
Which three central nerve systems are there?The brain, spinal cord, and neurons, or nerve cells, make up the CNS's three primary parts. The three parts of the CNS operate together to process information and direct how the body reacts, and each portion of the CNS is crucial to how the body works.
What two types of central nervous systems are there?There are two primary sections of the nervous system: The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system. The nerves that emerge from the spinal cord and cover the entire body make up the peripheral nervous system.
To know more about Central nervous systems visit:
https://brainly.com/question/17520523
#SPJ4
Help please!!
Identify the words as either part of anatomy or physiology.
heart –
stomach –
breathing –
homeostasis –
bone –
digestion –
metabolism –
blood –
muscle –
Answer:
heart- anatomy
stomach-anatomy
breathing-physiology
homeostasis- phsysiology
bone-anatomy
digestion-physiology
metabolism-physiology
blood- not sure
muscle-anatomy
Explanation:
the reason for this is because all the things i marked as anatomy are apart of your anatomy or the make-up of your body and the others are not rather they are more physical. hope this helps
What changes can be incorporated into your lifestyle towards an effort of a
sustainable use of natural resources provided by Earth's lithosphere?
O All of these are sustainable efforts
O
O
minimize waste
conserve water and energy
recycling
Sustainable use of natural resources provided by Earth's lithosphere All of these are sustainable efforts. Option A.
Sustainable use of natural resources is the proper management of natural resources for the benefit of human society as a whole. The main goal of sustainable development is to provide resources for the present generation without compromising the needs of future generations.
Sustainable practices include planting new seedlings in deforested areas to reduce the number of trees cut each year. Reducing the overexploitation of forests, precious metals, and other natural resources is critical, especially given population growth. Sustainable management of natural resources is important because it helps us use resources wisely without consuming them unnecessarily and at the expense of the needs of future generations.
Learn more about Earth's lithosphere here:-https://brainly.com/question/28135333
#SPJ1
how can membrane protein structure allow for portions of the protein to be embedded in the membrane and allow portions to extend into and out of the cell? (think hydrophilic/hydrophobic)
As cilia and flagella start in the cell and extend out of thecell to help it move through space, it allows membrane protein structure for allowing portions of the protein to be embedded in the membrane and allow portions to extend into and out of the cell.
What are cilia and flagella?
Eukaryotic cells have tube-like appendages called cilia and flagella that enable movement. A cell's flagellum is a single appendage that frequently resembles a tail; cilia are many appendages.
Flagella, which protrude from the plasma membrane in long, wavy formations, are utilized to transport whole cells.
Cilia, on the other hand, are tiny, hair-like structures that are utilized to transport materials or complete cells over the cell's surface.
Therefore, as cilia and flagella start in the cell and extend out of the cell to help it move through space, it allows membrane protein structure for allowing portions of the protein to be embedded in the membrane and allow portions to extend into and out of the cell.
To learn more about cilia and flagella
Here: https://brainly.com/question/226194
#SPJ4
an exaggerated thoracic curvature of the vertebral column is called: group of answer choices
An exaggerated thoracic curvature of the vertebral column is called as kyphosis.
What is kyphosis?
An unusually bent spine is typically referred to as a hunchback (kyphosis). It most frequently affects elderly women, and osteoporosis is frequently a factor.
The ligaments and muscles that support the vertebrae can get stretched as a result of poor posture in children, such as slouching, leaning back in seats, and carrying heavy schoolbags. Kyphosis may arise from this pulling the thoracic vertebrae out of their natural alignment.
The spine should not curv outward as much in patients with kyphosis. The upper back appears too rounded as a result.
To treat kyphosis, a procedure known as spinal fusion is typically employed.
Therefore, an exaggerated thoracic curvature of the vertebral column is called as kyphosis.
To learn more about kyphosis
Here: https://brainly.com/question/12202385
#SPJ4
If the rna transcript 5′‑augaucggaucgauccau‑3′ is translated codon by codon from one end to the other, which of the polypeptides would correspond to this part of the mrna?.
If the RNA transcript 5′‑augaucggaucgauccau‑3′ is translated codon by codon from one end to the other, 5′-UACUAGCCUAGCUAGGUA-3′ of the polypeptides would correspond to this part of the mRNA.
Short sequences of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds are known as peptides (from the Ancient Greek "to digest"). Proteins are long chains of amino acids. Oligopeptides, which comprise dipeptides, tripeptides, and tetrapeptides, are chains of fewer than twenty amino acids.
A polypeptide is a peptide chain that is longer, continuous, and unbranched.
Therefore, along with nucleic acids, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and others, peptides belong to the large chemical families of biological polymers and oligomers.
A protein is a polypeptide that has more than 50 amino acids, on average. A protein is made up of one or more polypeptides that are arranged in a biologically useful manner. Proteins are frequently bound to other proteins, other macromolecules like DNA or RNA, or complex macromolecular assemblies.
To learn more about Polypeptides visit here:
Brainly.com/question/28270191
#SPJ4
The physiological reaction we feel when we experience fear is due to the activity of the ____ nervous system.
The physiological reaction we feel when we experience fear is due to the activity of the sympathetic nervous system.
What is Sympathetic nervous system?This is referred to as the part of the autonomic nervous system which is responsible for producing localized adjustments so as to respond to stressful situations. This is used to activate the “fight-or-flight” response such as increased heart rate, sweating etc.
This is also activated when we experience fear such as being encountered by fire or other dangerous situations and makes us deal or cope with the condition according to the available resources and conditions.
Read more about Sympathetic nervous system here https://brainly.com/question/12961611
#SPJ1
By what process is a dna molecule copied exactly in preparation for cell division?.
When a cell divides, DNA copies itself through a process called replication.
DNA replication is the process by which cells copy the genome's DNA. A cell must first replicate its full genome before it can divide, ensuring that each daughter cell has a complete genome upon division.
The replication process separates these strands. Each strand of the original DNA molecule is used as a template in the semiconservative replication process to make its counterpart.
The DNA molecule splits into two strands during replication and then creates two new complementary strands using base pairing principles. The DNA double helix's individual strands each act as a model or template for the new strand.
To learn more about replication
https://brainly.com/question/13685752
#SPJ4
the image shows an organism. What level of organization is depicted by the brain in the illustration
a) tissue level
b) organ level
c) cellular level
d) organ system level
The level of organization depicted by the brain in the illustration is the tissue level. Option A.
Organs are the next level of tissue in the human body after tissues. An organ is a structure in which two or more types of tissue work together to perform the same function. Higher levels of the organization are built from lower levels. Thus, molecules combine to form cells, and tissues combine to form organs.
The frontal lobe is involved in the initiation and coordination of movement. Higher cognitive skills such as problem-solving thinking planning and organizing. It addresses many aspects of personality and emotional states. A brain metaphor compares an organization to a set of functions. These functions process information over time and can even learn like the brain.
Learn more about The illustration here:-https://brainly.com/question/26475534
#SPJ9
Which factors contributed to the additions of the modern cell theory?
The invention of the microscope contributed to the additions of the modern cell theory.
According to modern cell theory, every living thing's body is made up of cells and their byproducts. The fundamental structural components that make up a living thing's body are called cells. A protoplasmic mass with a nucleus, organelles, and an encasing membrane make up each cell. The activities of an organism are the aggregate of the activities of all of its cells, which are the functional units of living things. Life can only live in cells because they carry out all of life's essential duties. The growth and cell division of an organism are all part of its development. Genes are expressed and kept inside of cells. Life is transmitted from one generation to the next by a live cell.
To know more about modern cell theory visit : https://brainly.com/question/4695161
#SPJ1
