why is natural monopoly theory a poor justification for government authorities to control and protect public utilities (water, sewer, cable television, electricity, phone service, etc.) by granting exclusive production rights?

At the end of Macbeth's speech, he hears a bell, signifying that it is time for him to proceed with the murder of King Duncan.

In this context, the bell serves as a signal that the preparations for the assassination have been completed, and Macbeth must now carry out his plan.

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The amount of the gift that is excludable from taxable gifts is approximately $20,000.

The amount of the gift that is excludable from taxable gifts is based on the annual gift tax exclusion amount set by the IRS, which for 2022 is $16,000 per donor per recipient.

In this case, Blake made a gift of the corporate bond to her child, so the first $16,000 of the gift is automatically excluded from taxable gifts. The remaining $4,000 ($20,000 - $16,000) is subject to gift tax, but Blake can apply her lifetime gift tax exemption to reduce or eliminate the tax liability.

To determine the amount of the gift that is excludable from taxable gifts, we need to calculate the present value of the gift using the applicable federal rate (AFR) for the month of the gift. Let's assume that the AFR for the month of the gift was 2%, and use that to calculate the present value of the future $2,000 annual interest payments;

PV = $2,000 / (1 + 0.02)⁵ + $2,000 / (1 + 0.02)⁶ + $2,000 / (1 + 0.02)⁷ + $2,000 / (1 + 0.02)⁸ + $2,000 / (1 + 0.02)⁹

PV = $7,032.31

This means that the present value of the future interest payments is $7,032.31, which is less than the $8,710 present value of the total interest to be received by the child. Therefore, the $4,000 taxable portion of the gift is also less than the $16,000 annual gift tax exclusion amount, so none of the gift is subject to gift tax.

Therefore, the taxable gifts is $20,000.

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Accounts receivable and accrued interest receivable. An auditor usually confirms accounts receivable and accrued interest receivable on one form.

When conducting an audit, one of the procedures performed by auditors is confirmation. Confirmation involves obtaining independent verification of certain account balances or transactions from external sources. In the case of accounts receivable, the auditor sends confirmation requests to customers or debtors to verify the accuracy and validity of the outstanding balances. This helps ensure that the recorded accounts receivable amounts are reliable and supported by evidence from external parties.

Similarly, accrued interest receivable, which represents interest earned but not yet received, can also be confirmed by the auditor. The auditor may reach out to the debtor or the financial institution responsible for paying the interest to obtain confirmation of the accrued interest receivable balance. This confirmation process helps validate the completeness and accuracy of the accrued interest receivable recorded in the financial statements.

By confirming both accounts receivable and accrued interest receivable on one form, the auditor streamlines the process and efficiently gathers external verification for these financial statement items. This confirmation procedure adds credibility and reliability to the audit process, providing assurance that the reported balances are accurate and supported by reliable sources.

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True. The duration of a bond is a measure of its sensitivity to changes in interest rates. It takes into account the bond's maturity, coupon rate, and yield to maturity, and provides an estimate of the bond's price sensitivity to changes in interest rates.

The duration of a bond is always less than its time to maturity because it takes into account the timing of the bond's cash flows and the present value of those cash flows.

For a four-year maturity 10 percent coupon bond, the duration will be less than four years because the bond's cash flows (the coupon payments and the final principal payment) are weighted towards the earlier years of the bond's life, due to the regular coupon payments.

As a result, the duration of the bond will be less than four years, reflecting the fact that the bond's price will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates in the earlier years of the bond's life.

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The correct answer is "reject because the NPV is negative."

Total NPV = -$10,175.44 - $20,342.88 + $4,260.63 = -$26,257.69

To determine if the project should be accepted or rejected based on net present value (NPV), we first need to calculate the NPV using the formula:
NPV = Cash inflow / (1 + Discount rate)^Year - Initial cost
Year 1 NPV = $12,000 / (1 + 0.14)^1 - $23,400 = -$10,175.44
Year 2 NPV = $0 / (1 + 0.14)^2 - $23,400 = -$20,342.88
Year 3 NPV = $18,000 / (1 + 0.14)^3 - $23,400 = $4,260.63
To calculate the total NPV, we add up the NPVs for each year:
Total NPV = -$10,175.44 - $20,342.88 + $4,260.63 = -$26,257.69
Since the total NPV is negative, the project should be rejected because it is not expected to generate enough cash inflows to cover the initial cost and earn a return on the investment that exceeds the discount rate. Therefore, the correct answer is "reject because the NPV is negative."

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Answer:

Reject because the NPV is negative; NPV = -$724.20

Explanation:

When demand for a given good is inelastic, it follows that if the price rises, total revenue will rise, too.

Inelastic demand means that the percentage change in quantity demanded is smaller than the percentage change in price.

In other words, consumers are less responsive to price changes for inelastic goods. When the price increases, the quantity demanded decreases by a smaller proportion, leading to an increase in total revenue (price multiplied by quantity).

This occurs because the higher price outweighs the reduction in quantity demanded, and consumers continue to purchase the good despite the price increase.

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To maintain a competitive advantage, a firm must provide products and services of a superior value to those of competitors.

This is because customers are more likely to choose a product or service that provides better value for their money.

Charging a higher price than competitors may not necessarily lead to a competitive advantage, as customers may not be willing to pay the extra cost if the value is not superior.

Reproducing the successful actions of competitors may not lead to a sustained competitive advantage, as competitors may also be copying each other's successful actions.

Winning consistently over the short term may not necessarily lead to a competitive advantage, as competitors may quickly catch up and innovate to stay ahead.

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The four components of a business are interrelated and important for any business for different sizes and industries. The four components are as follows:

1) Products/services: A business must serve some sort of product or service to customers in order to generate some revenue.

2) Operations: This aspect involves the day-to-day activities of the business, such as production, distribution, customer service, etc.

3) Marketing: To attract customers to the products or services being offered, a business must engage in marketing activities such as advertising, promotions, and public relations too.

4) Finance: Finally, a business must manage its financial resources effectively, including budgeting, accounting, and financial planning. This is the most important component of a business

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A small firm that is profitable but provides only a very modest return to the entrepreneur is often referred to as a "lifestyle business." This type of business is typically run by the owner or a small group of owners who prioritize a certain lifestyle over maximizing profits or growth.

Lifestyle businesses can take many forms, such as family-owned restaurants, boutique shops, or freelance consulting services. These businesses are often characterized by their focus on providing a certain quality of life to the owners, rather than seeking rapid growth or high profits.

While lifestyle businesses may not generate significant wealth or provide significant growth opportunities, they can offer a number of benefits to the owners. For example, they may allow the owner to work on something they are passionate about, have more control over their schedule, and maintain a better work-life balance.

In summary, a small firm that is profitable but provides only a very modest return to the entrepreneur is commonly referred to as a "lifestyle business." This type of business is often focused on providing a certain quality of life to the owners, rather than maximizing profits or growth.

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Last year's dividend per share was $1.00.Last year's dividend per share can be calculated by first finding the total dividend payout before the stock split.

Let's assume the company had 100 shares outstanding last year, which would mean the total dividend payout before the stock split was $100 (100 shares x $1.00 dividend per share).

After the 5-for-1 stock split, the number of outstanding shares increased to 500 (100 shares x 5). If this year's total dividend payout represents a 7% increase over last year's pre-split total dividend payout, then this year's total dividend payout is $107 ($100 x 1.07).

To find last year's dividend per share, we need to divide the pre-split total dividend payout by the number of shares outstanding before the split. So, last year's dividend per share was $1.00 ($100 total dividend payout ÷ 100 shares outstanding).

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The topic that could be expected to be found in a procurement management plan is guidelines on types of contracts to be used in different situations.

A procurement management plan is a document that outlines the steps and guidelines to follow when procuring goods or services for a project. It includes a detailed description of the procurement process, the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders involved in the procurement process, and the criteria used to select suppliers.

One of the essential elements of a procurement management plan is the selection of the appropriate contract type for the goods or services being procured. Guidelines on types of contracts to be used in different situations are necessary to ensure that the procurement process is fair, transparent, and meets the project's goals and objectives. These guidelines may include the criteria used to select suppliers, the procurement method used, and the procurement schedule. A well-defined procurement management plan helps to minimize the project's risks and ensure the successful delivery of goods and services.

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The $638,000 gain recognized on the sale of the commercial office building should be characterized as a long-term capital gain. This is because the Churchills held the building for more than one year before selling it.

To calculate the amount of the gain, we need to start with the sales price of $1.5 million and subtract the building's adjusted basis. The adjusted basis is the original cost of $1.4 million plus the accumulated depreciation of $538,000, which gives us a total adjusted basis of $1.938 million. $1.5 million (sales price) - $1.938 million (adjusted basis) = ($438,000) loss However, since the Churchills sold the building for more than its adjusted basis, they actually have a gain of $638,000. This gain is subject to capital gains tax, which is generally lower than ordinary income tax rates. The exact amount of tax the Churchills will owe on the gain depends on their income tax bracket and other factors, such as whether they have any capital losses to offset the gain. However, they can expect to pay a tax rate of between 0% and 20% on the gain, depending on their situation. In conclusion, the $638,000 gain recognized on the sale of the commercial office building should be characterized as a long-term capital gain and will be subject to capital gains tax.

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The amount the company would have to borrow is $50,000. Option a is correct.

To determine the amount the company would have to borrow, we need to calculate the difference between the desired end-of-month cash balance and the available cash.

Beginning cash balance: $125,000

Cash receipts: $120,000

Cash disbursements: $170,000

Desired end-of-month cash balance: $125,000

Net cash flow = Cash receipts - Cash disbursements

Net cash flow = $120,000 - $170,000

Net cash flow = -$50,000

Since the net cash flow is negative, it means the company has more cash going out than coming in. To maintain the desired end-of-month cash balance of $125,000, the company would need to borrow an amount equal to the net cash flow.

Therefore, the amount the company would have to borrow is a. $50,000.

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Thus, the U.S. dollar price of the shampoo is found as $5.39. The correct option is c.

To solve this problem, we need to understand the difference between nominal and real exchange rates.

Nominal exchange rate refers to the rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency. In this case, the nominal exchange rate is 1.2 Canadian dollars per U.S. dollar.

On the other hand, real exchange rate takes into account the purchasing power of each currency in their respective countries. A real exchange rate of 0.90 means that the U.S. dollar has less purchasing power than the Canadian dollar.

Using this information, we can calculate the U.S. dollar price of the shampoo as follows:

U.S. dollar price = Canadian dollar price / (nominal exchange rate x real exchange rate)

Plugging in the values given in the question, we get:

U.S. dollar price = 6 / (1.2 x 0.90) = 5.39

Therefore, the answer is c. $5.39.

In summary, the nominal exchange rate and the real exchange rate both affect the U.S. dollar price of the shampoo. The real exchange rate is especially important because it reflects the actual purchasing power of each currency.

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The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) provides guidance on how not-for-profit organizations (NFPs) should account for depreciation in the Financial Accounting Standards Codification (FASB ASC) 958-360.

According to this guidance, depreciation expense in an NFP should be recorded using the straight-line method, which allocates the cost of a long-lived asset over its useful life.

NFPs are required to present their financial statements in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), which includes the recognition and measurement of depreciation expense. Depreciation expense represents the cost of using long-lived assets such as buildings, equipment, and vehicles, and it is recorded as an operating expense on the income statement.

While NFPs may have unique characteristics, the recognition and measurement of depreciation expense are generally consistent with those of for-profit organizations. The straight-line method is commonly used in both NFPs and for-profit organizations to allocate the cost of long-lived assets over their useful lives, and it provides a systematic and rational approach to recording depreciation expense.

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The beta on a stock with an expected return of 13% is 0.8.

The formula for calculating the expected return of a stock under CAPM is as follows:

r = Rf + β(Rm - Rf)

Where, r = Expected return of the stock, Rf = Risk-free rate, β = Beta of the stock, Rm = Expected return of the market

According to the given question, Risk-free rate is 5% and the expected return on the market is 15%. Therefore, Rf = 5% and Rm = 15%

Let's put these values into the CAPM formula and solve for β.

13% = 5% + β(15% - 5%)

8% = 10β

β = 0.8

Therefore, the beta on a stock is 0.8.

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Non-native employees who work and reside in a foreign country are commonly known as expatriates.The number of foreign employees has increased significantly over the past decade, as globalization has led to more multinational companies expanding their operations overseas.

One of the main challenges faced by foreign employees is the cultural differences between their home country and the host country. The host country's culture, customs, and work practices may be significantly different, which can make it challenging for the expatriate employees to adjust to their new surroundings. However, many multinational companies provide cultural training to their employees to help them adapt to the new environment. Another challenge for expatriates is the issue of language. In many cases, the host country may have a different language, which can make communication difficult for the foreign employees. Companies may provide language training to their employees to help them learn the language of the host country.
Foreign employees play an important role in the global economy, as they bring unique skills, expertise, and perspectives to the companies they work for. They also contribute to the growth of the host country's economy by paying taxes and spending money in the local economy.

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The most important aspect of evaluating the client's method of obtaining a reliable cutoff is option B) evaluate the client's control procedures around cutoff.

Cutoff testing refers to the process of testing transactions that occur near the end of an accounting period to ensure that they are recorded in the correct period. While detailed testing of cutoff (option A) and confirming transactions with customers (option D) can be important aspects of evaluating cutoff, the most important aspect is to evaluate the client's control procedures around cutoff.

This involves assessing the client's processes and controls for identifying, recording, and verifying transactions at period-end. Examples of control procedures around cutoff could include cutoff schedules, cutoff checklists, automated controls, or manual reconciliations. By evaluating these procedures, auditors can gain an understanding of the client's overall level of control over cutoff and identify any weaknesses or deficiencies in the process.

Confirming a sample of transactions near period end with customers (option C) can also be a useful testing procedure to verify the accuracy and completeness of recorded transactions, but it is not the most important aspect of evaluating the client's method of obtaining a reliable cutoff.

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True.

Employee participation in decision making can increase motivation and engagement as it allows employees to feel valued and included in the company's decision-making process. When employees feel like their opinions and ideas are heard and taken into consideration, they are more likely to feel invested in their work and motivated to perform well.

However, it's important to note that not all decisions can or should be made by employees and that there needs to be a balance between employee input and managerial decision making. Additionally, employees need to feel like their participation is genuine and not just tokenism. Overall, involving employees in decision making can be a valuable tool for boosting motivation, but it needs to be implemented carefully and strategically.

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The interest rate needed for an investment of $9,000 to grow to an amount of $13,500 in 7 years if interest is compounded monthly is approximately 0.63%.

We will use the formula for compound interest to solve for interest rate;

A = [tex]P(1+ r/n)^{(nt)}[/tex]

where;

A = final amount = $13,500

P = principal = $9,000

r = interest rate

n = number of times compounded per year = 12 (since interest is compounded monthly)

t = time in years = 7

Plugging in the values, we get;

$13,500 = $9,000(1 + r/12)¹²ˣ⁷

Dividing both sides by $9,000, we get;

1.5 = (1 + r/12)⁸⁴

Taking the natural log of both sides, we get;

ln(1.5) = 84ln(1 + r/12)

Dividing both sides by 84, we get;

ln(1.5)/84 = ln(1 + r/12)

Solve for r, we get;

r ≈ 0.0063 or 0.63%

Therefore, the interest rate is 0.63%.

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It helps to cover any expenses for a loss.The correct answer to the question is B) .

When an individual purchases insurance, they are essentially transferring the financial risk of a potential loss to the insurance company. By submitting a claim to the insurance company, the insured is notifying the company of a loss that has occurred and is requesting reimbursement for any expenses related to that loss. This can include property damage, medical bills, or other types of expenses.

The benefit of submitting a claim to an insurance company is that it helps to cover any expenses for a loss. Depending on the type of insurance policy and the specific circumstances of the loss, the insurance company will typically reimburse the insured for the full or partial cost of the expenses incurred.

This can help to alleviate the financial burden of the loss and ensure that the insured is not left with significant out-of-pocket expenses.

In addition, submitting a claim to an insurance company can also help to prevent future losses. By addressing the issue and making necessary repairs or adjustments, the insured can reduce the risk of similar losses occurring in the future.

Overall, the benefit of submitting a claim to an insurance company is that it provides financial protection and support in the event of a loss. It is important for individuals to understand their insurance policy and to file a claim promptly in order to receive the maximum benefits available. Option B

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d. the prices of the inputs used to produce the good is not a determinant of the demand for a particular good.

The determinants of demand are factors that affect the quantity of a good that buyers are willing and able to purchase at different prices. These determinants include income, tastes and preferences, prices of related goods (substitutes and complements), demographics, consumer expectations, and others.

The prices of the inputs used to produce the good are a determinant of supply, not demand. The price and availability of inputs such as labor, materials, and technology can affect the cost of production and, therefore, the quantity of the good that producers are willing and able to supply at different prices.

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The expected shortfall (ES) of security gamma at the 99 percent confidence level (in millions) can be calculated by first determining the Value at Risk (VaR) and then taking the average of losses exceeding the VaR.

To determine the VaR, you will need the discrete probability distribution of the security's payoffs. Sort the payoffs from worst to best outcomes, and find the 99 percent cutoff point.

The VaR is the loss corresponding to that point.

Next, calculate the average of all losses greater than the VaR by summing them up and dividing by their count. This gives you the ES at the 99 percent confidence level.

Summary: The expected shortfall (ES) of security gamma at the 99 percent confidence level (in millions) is found by first determining the Value at Risk (VaR) and then calculating the average of losses exceeding the VaR.

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The goal of the Populist political party, an agrarian-based organization, was to address the economic and political concerns of farmers and rural populations in the late 19th century.

The Populists sought to challenge the power of big businesses, railroads, and financial institutions, which they believed exploited small farmers and working-class citizens. Key objectives of the Populists included advocating for the direct election of senators, supporting a graduated income tax, and promoting the regulation of railroads and telegraph companies.

Additionally, they demanded the implementation of an inflationary monetary policy based on the bimetallic standard, utilizing both gold and silver, to increase the money supply and alleviate the debt burden on farmers. Moreover, the Populist party championed the rights of workers by calling for an eight-hour workday, the end of child labor, and better working conditions.

They also sought to improve the political representation of the common people through measures such as the secret ballot and the initiative and referendum process. In conclusion, the Populist political party aimed to address the economic and political disparities faced by farmers and rural communities during the late 19th century.

By advocating for policies that challenged the power of big businesses and supported the interests of the working class, the Populists strove to create a more equitable and democratic society.

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A. Admissions, partial performance, and promissory estoppel are exceptions to when the statute of frauds would apply in most states.

The statute of fraud is a law that requires certain contracts to be in writing to be enforceable. However, in most states, there are exceptions to when the statute of fraud would apply. The exceptions include admissions, partial performance, and promissory estoppel. Admissions refer to when one party admits to the existence of an oral contract. Partial performance occurs when one party performs part of the contract.

Promissory estoppel is when one party relies on the promise of the other party and suffers harm as a result. These exceptions allow for oral contracts to be enforceable even if they do not meet the requirements of the statute of fraud. It is important to note that these exceptions may vary by state and it is best to consult with a legal professional for guidance.

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A medical assistant is employed by a healthcare provider to perform administrative and clinical tasks that keep the office running smoothly.

They are an essential part of the healthcare team, providing support to physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals. Administrative tasks may include answering phone calls, scheduling appointments, maintaining patient records, and handling insurance claims. Clinical tasks may include taking vital signs, preparing patients for exams, assisting with medical procedures, and administering medications under the supervision of a physician. Medical assistants may work in various settings, such as hospitals, clinics, physician offices, and nursing homes. They play an important role in providing high-quality care to patients by ensuring that healthcare providers can focus on their medical duties. A well-trained and skilled medical assistant is an asset to any healthcare organization, contributing to the efficient and effective delivery of healthcare services.

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When existing ways of doing things pose a barrier to strategy execution initiatives, management must establish and enforce new policies and operating practices.

Firstly, the action aligns the behavior of personnel with the requirements for good strategy execution.

By establishing new policies and operating practices, management can ensure that employees are working towards the same goals and following the same processes.

This alignment of behavior is crucial for successful strategy execution, as it ensures that everyone is working together towards the same objectives.
Secondly, the establishment of new policies and operating practices can help overcome resistance to change.

People who are resistant to change can understand the importance of following company policies and will adapt.

By providing clear guidelines and expectations, management can help employees understand why change is necessary and what they need to do to support the strategy.
Thirdly, the establishment of new policies and operating practices can help prevent violations of company policy.

People will try not to violate company policy if they understand the consequences of doing so.

By clearly communicating the policies and enforcing them consistently, management can help prevent violations and ensure that everyone is working within the same framework.

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True: In an effort to stay afloat, zombie institutions offered low-cost loans to poorly qualified borrowers and made it difficult for well-run institutions to survive.

During the housing boom leading up to the financial crisis of 2008, many banks and financial institutions engaged in risky lending practices.

These institutions offered low-cost loans to borrowers who were poorly qualified, meaning that they had a high risk of defaulting on their loans.

These loans were often referred to as subprime loans.
The result of all this reckless lending was a housing bubble that eventually burst, leading to a financial crisis that had far-reaching consequences.

Many of the poorly qualified borrowers defaulted on their loans, causing the value of the assets that the loans were based on to plummet.

This, in turn, caused the institutions that held these assets to suffer massive losses, which ultimately led to the collapse of many of these institutions.

Well-run institutions, on the other hand, were often unable to compete with the low-cost loans offered by zombie institutions.

These well-run institutions were also more likely to adhere to responsible lending practices, which meant that they were less likely to offer loans to poorly qualified borrowers.

As a result, many of these well-run institutions struggled to stay afloat during the housing boom.

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When the interest rates on equity are too high people choose to rent a home rather than buy a home

c. The interest rates on equity are too high.

Flexibility: renting a home allows for more flexibility as renters can move more easily if they need to change jobs schools or other life circumstances lower upfront costs renters typically have

Lower upfront: costs compared to buyers as they do not need to make a down payment or pay for closing costs.

When renting the responsibility of maintaining the property falls on the landlord whereas when owning a home the responsibility falls on the homeowner

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The main answer to your question is option b, quality improvement team, which is patterned after the successful Japanese concept of quality circles.

Quality circles were a popular approach to quality management in Japan during the 1950s and 1960s.

These were small groups of employees who would meet regularly to identify and solve problems related to quality in their work processes.

Quality improvement teams are similar in nature and follow a similar approach to quality management.

Summary: Quality improvement teams are patterned after the successful Japanese concept of quality circles, which were small groups of employees who met regularly to identify and solve quality-related problems in their work processes.

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