Why is the enthalpy of formation of oxygen zero?

Answer:

When the body has a fever, the body systems may communicate differently in order to fight off infection. The body’s immune system may kick into gear, releasing cytokines and other immune mediators to fight off the infection. The body’s endocrine system may release hormones such as adrenaline, cortisol, and others to help fight the infection. The nervous system may become more active as the body works to regulate its temperature, causing shivering or sweating. The cardiovascular system may also become more active, pumping more blood to the skin surface to cool the body and to the organs where infection-fighting cells can be more easily delivered.

Explanation:

The enthalpy of production of a compound is the difference in enthalpy between the reactants (elements in their standard condition) and the complex itself (product).

The standard reaction enthalpy for the creation of the chemical from its constituent parts (atoms or molecules) in the most stable reference states at the selected temperature (298.15K) so at 1bar pressure is known as the enthalpy of formation.

The enthalpy change that occurs when one mole of any compound is created from its component components in their standard states is known as the "standard enthalpy of production." The reaction 2 C (graphite) + 3 H2 (g) C2H6 is what is referred to as the enthalpy of production of one mole of ethane gas (g).

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We used both the hydrogen and water coefficients from the aforesaid solution (mole ratio).

Chemical Reaction

[tex]2H_{2}[/tex] + [tex]O_{2}[/tex]  → [tex]2H_{2}O (Balanced)[/tex]  

Assuming moles of hydrogen are the limiting reactant, calculate the moles of water

[tex]moles H_{2}O = (4 moles H_{2} ) \frac{2moles H_{2}O }{2moles H_{2} } = 4 moles H_{2}O[/tex]

What is Moles?

A substance's mass, which is made up of the same number of essential components, is measured in moles. A 12 gram example has atoms that are the same as 12C. The basic building blocks of a substance could be molecules, atoms, or formula units.

The quantity of chemical elements is indicated by the mole fraction. One mole of any substance has a value of 6.023 x 1023. (Avogadro number). The byproducts of the chemical reaction can be measured using it. The unit is denoted by the sign mol.

The following expression represents the number of moles formula

Number of moles = Mass of substance / Mass of one mole .

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The minerals would have the least effect on blood pressure is calcium.

What is blood pressure?

Blood pressure is the measure of the force with which arteries are filled with blood. The force the heart muscle uses to pump blood against artery walls is referred to as systolic blood pressure.

What is minerals ?

A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic element or compound with a recognized chemical composition, crystal structure, and physical characteristics. Common minerals include calcite, quartz, feldspar, mica, amphibole, and olivine.

Therefore, minerals would have the least effect on blood pressure is calcium.

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Answer:SODIUM

Explanation:

The body uses the enzyme catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. Since this enzyme doesn't change during the reaction, it can be used again.

Because they are a form of catalyst, enzymes do not suffer damage when used and are removed from the body unaltered after a reaction. Catalase is an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas; as a result, it is "reusable" and unaffected by the reaction. At various temperatures, catalase functions in different ways. The catalase enzyme becomes more active as the temperature rises from 0°C to about 30°C. Up to 100°C, catalase activity declines as the temperature rises. In general, a reaction is sped up by increasing temperature and slowed down by decreasing temperature. But extremely high temperatures can denature an enzyme, causing it to lose its form and cease functioning. Every enzyme has a preferred pH range. Outside of this range, pH changes will limit enzyme activity.

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The correct answer is option a.

Toxic chemicals dumped into a river are an example of water pollution.

Pollution is the process of making land, water, air or other parts of the environment dirty and not safe or suitable to use. This is done through the introduction of a contaminant into a natural environment.

Land - Land can become polluted by household garbage and also by industrial waste. Households generate hazardous waste including paints and solvents, motor oil, fluorescent lights, aerosol cans and ammunition which are harmful to the environment.

Water - Water pollution happens when chemicals or dangerous foreign substances are introduced to water bodies, including chemicals, sewage, pesticides and fertilizers from farms, or metals like lead or mercury.

Air - Air pollution occurs when things that aren't normally there are added to the air. A common type of air pollution happens when people release particles into the air from burning fuels.

Noise - Noise pollution happens when the sound coming from planes, large machinery in industries or other sources reaches harmful levels.

Water bodies can be polluted by a wide variety of substances which include the following;

Waste is toxic if it is poisonous, radioactive, explosive, carcinogenic (causing cancer), mutagenic (causing damage to chromosomes), teratogenic (causing birth defects), or bioaccumulative (that is, increasing in concentration at the higher ends of food chains).

Sources of toxic chemicals include improperly disposed wastewater from industrial plants and chemical process facilities (lead, mercury, chromium) as well as surface runoff containing pesticides used on agricultural areas.

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The electron pair geometry and the molecular structure of each of the following are IOF5 (I is the central atom) is Number of bond pairs = 6, variety of lone pairs = 0 ⇒ electron pair geometry = octahedral, molecular structure = octahedral.

The significant iodine atom belongs to the 17th organization of periodic desk so it has seven valence electrons.

For forming 5 single bonds and one double bond, all seven of the valence electrons are used.

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Each atom in a compound's structure is displayed in its position using the Lewis structure. The chemical name of CHF2Cl is chlorodifluoromethane.

What is Lewis structure?

Lewis structures, often referred to as Lewis dot formulas, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures, are diagrams that depict the interactions between the atoms in a molecule as well as any lone pairs of electrons that may be present. The valence shell electrons in a molecule are depicted in an extremely simplified manner by a Lewis Structure.

Why Lewis structure is important?

When used in conjunction with hybrid orbitals, Lewis structures can also be helpful in predicting molecular geometry.

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The equilibrium constant for overall reaction is the product of the equilibrium constant of the added reaction.

If two equilibrium reactions are added together,  the relationship between the equilibrium constants for the individual reactions and overall reaction is the equilibrium constant for overall reaction is the product of the equilibrium constant of the added reaction.

the reaction is given as :

A + B ⇄ AB

K1 = [AB] / [A] [B]

AB + A ⇄ A₂B

K2 = [A₂B] / [AB] [A]

now the addition of two equation is given as :

2A + B  ⇄ A₂B

K overall = [ A₂B] / [A]² [B]

this means : equilibrium constant for overall reaction :

K overall = K1 K2

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Materials are produced using mineral resources, whereas power is produced using energy resources.

Metallic and nonmetallic mineral resources can be separated into two main groups. Resources that are considered to be metallic include things like gold, silver, tin, copper, lead, zinc, iron, nickel, chromium, and aluminum. Sand, gravel, gypsum, halite, uranium, and dimension stone are examples of nonmetallic resources. A quantity of rock that is rich in one or more beneficial materials is known as a mineral resource. This definition of a mineral differs from how we initially defined it in Chapter 5. It now refers to a valuable substance. Any earthly substance can be referred to here as a mineral.

The application of geological ideas that have been covered in this course or will be covered needs the discovery and exploitation of mineral resources. Some minerals are used in their natural form.

Question:

Mineral resources are used for creating materials whereas _____ resources are used for power

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Carbonyl sulfide contains hydrogen bonds as its intermolecular force.

It is stronger than van der Waals forces but weaker than ionic or covalent bonds when two atoms with high electron affinities engage with one another through hydrogen bond. It is important to note that hydrogen bonds are not covalent bonds to hydrogen atoms, but rather an unique kind of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules. It originates from the attractive attraction between a hydrogen atom covalently bound to an extremely electronegative atom, like an N, O, or F atom, and an additional extremely electronegative atom.

A bond known as a hydrogen bond is formed between the hydrogen atom and more electronegative elements like N, O, and F. H O H, NH 3, etc.

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The mercury's density is 13.6 g/ml, hence the pressure exerted by a column of br2 at a height of 1000 mm is 0.2933 atm.

Density of liquid Br2 =  3.03 g/ml

Height of column = 1000mm =1m

Pressure exerted in N/[tex]m^{2}[/tex] = ρgh

pressure in atm = 2.972 × [tex]10^{4}[/tex]/101325 = 0.2933 atm

Temperature and pressure affect a substance's density. For solids and liquids, this difference is often negligible, but for gases, it can be very significant. A decrease in volume and subsequent increase in density result from applying more pressure to an object. (With a few exceptions) Increasing a substance's temperature causes its volume to increase, which reduces its density. As a result of the heated fluid's reduced density, which causes it to rise in relation to the denser unheated material, heating a fluid's bottom typically generates convection, or the transfer of heat from the bottom to the top.

The word "specific volume," which is sometimes used in thermodynamics, refers to a substance's reciprocal of density. The intensive quality of density.

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The given statement states because when 22.0 g of kh2po4(s) but also 42.0 g of na2hpo4(s) have been dissolved in water and afterwards diluted to 1.00 l, this same pH of a buffer is 7.49.

Whenever the interaction between the solvent particles is strong enough to outweigh the affinity between the solute particles for one another, dissolving occurs. As water molecules move quickly enough to separate from a solution and disperse into the air, evaporation takes place.

when Na2HPO4's molar mass= 42.0 g/mol

A is conjugate base HPO4-- ions, and as a result,

∴[A] = 26g / 42.0 g/mol

       = 0.619 M

and when KH2PO4's molar mass is 22.0 g/mol

Additionally, AH is the acid H2PO4- ion.

∴[AH] = 13 g / 22.0g/mol

         = 0.590 M

and with H3PO4 having a Pka value of 7.21

then, substituting∴ PH = 7.21 + ㏒ (0.619 / 0.590)

        = 7.49

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The coefficient of fe(oh)2 in the balanced redox equation is 2.

What is redox reaction?

Any chemical reaction in which a participating chemical species' oxidation number changes is known as an oxidation-reduction reaction, often known as a redox reaction.

[tex]BrO- + H2O + 2e- > Br- + 2OH-[/tex]

[tex]Fe(OH)2 + OH- > Fe(OH)3 + e-[/tex]

[tex]BrO- +H2O + 2Fe(OH)2 = Br- +2Fe(OH)3[/tex]

The way of balancing is as follows

Step 1) divide the equations into two half reactions

oxidation half reaction                reduction half reaction

Fe(OH)2  --> Fe(OH)3                   BrO-  --> Br-

Step 2) balance atoms other than oxygen and hydrogen

Fe(OH)2  --> Fe(OH)3                    BrO-  --> Br-

Step 3) add OH- ions ,where the oxygen atoms are deficient, add the H2O molecules in required number to balance H atoms

 Fe(OH)2 + OH- --> Fe(OH)3            BrO-+H2O --> Br- + 2OH-

Step4) now add required number of electrons to balance the charge. don't forget the number of electrons loss in oxidation half reaction= the number of electrons gain in reduction half reaction

[tex]2Fe(OH)2 +2OH- -- > 2Fe(OH)3+2e-[/tex]

[tex]BrO- + H2O +2e--- > Br- + 2OH-[/tex]

Step5) now add the both half reactions ,re write

BrO- +H2O + 2Fe(OH)2 = Br- +2Fe(OH)3.

Therefore, the coefficient of fe(oh)2 in the balanced redox equation is 2.

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A 0.010 M answer of hydrochloric acid, HCl, has a molarity of 0.010 M. This approach that [H+] = 1 x 10-2 M. The pH of this aqueous solution of H+ ions is pH = 2.

The alternative hand, materials inclusive of hydrochloric acid, HCl, are held collectively through polar ionic bonds and whilst positioned into water the hydrogen will destroy away to shape hydrogen ions, making the liquid acidic. HCl consequently has a completely low pH and is a completely robust acid.

Hydrochloric acid is a sturdy acid which dissociates into single hydrogen (H+) ions in an aqueous solution.

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For each half-life, the total amount of the isotope is divided by 2.

Therefore, the amount of parent isotope that remains after:

1 half-life is ½= 0.5

2 half-lives= 2/4= 0.5

3 half-lives= 3/6= 0.5

What is an isotope?

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Yes, sulfur and sodium will form an ionic compound. The empirical formula of the compound formed is Na2S.

When two elements form an ionic compound, one element is usually a metal and the other is a non-metal. Ionic compounds are formed when electrons are transferred between the two elements. In the given pairs, sulfur and iodine, sodium and chlorine and lithium and bromine all contain one metal and one non-metal and therefore are likely to form ionic compounds. The empirical formulas of these compounds are

I2S, NaCl and LiBr, respectively.

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The rate constant expected at 37 °C when the rate constant for some reaction at 25 oc is 10 s-1, and if the arrhenius activation energy is 60 kj/mol  is 5.39 s⁻¹

The Arrhenius equation can be used to calculate the rate constant of a reaction at a given temperature given the rate constant and activation energy at a reference temperature. The Arrhenius equation is given by:

k(T) = k(T₀) * e^(-Ea/RT)

Where k(T) is the rate constant at the desired temperature, k(T₀) is the rate constant at the reference temperature, Ea is the activation energy, R is the universal gas constant (8.314 J/molK) and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

To calculate the rate constant at 37 °C, we can plug in the values for k(T₀) and Ea:

k(37°C) = 10 s⁻¹ * e^(-(60 kJ/mol) / (8.314 J/molK * 310 K))

k(37°C) = 10 s⁻¹ * 0.539

k(37°C) = 5.39 s⁻¹

Therefore, the rate constant at 37 °C is 5.39 s⁻¹.

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The intermolecular Hydrogen-bonds between CH3CH2OH and H2O are very strong because H atoms are bound to the electronegative O atoms. Therefore, their boiling points are higher.

Since hydrogen is covalently linked to the more electronegative atom oxygen in the molecule CH3OH, hydrogen bonding is present in this compound.

In fact, it results from the fact that whereas each molecule of H2O can generate up to four intermolecular hydrogen bonds, the same molecule of CH3OH can only form up to three.

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−4000⋅kJ is  heat would be released by its complete combustion.

What is Combustion?

Combustion, a chemical reaction among materials, generally which include oxygen and usually observed by way of the era of heat and light in the form of flame. The charge or velocity at which the reactants combine is excessive, in element because of the character of the chemical response itself and in element due to the fact greater power is generated than can get away into the surrounding medium, with the result that the temperature of the reactants is raised to boost up the reaction even more.

A familiar example of a combustion reaction is a lighted suit. When a in shape is struck, friction heats the head to a temperature at which the chemical substances react and generate extra warmness than can get away into the air, and that they burn with a flame. If a wind blows away the warmth or the chemicals are wet and friction does now not improve the temperature sufficiently, the in shape is going out.

Moles of acetone= 176⋅L×0.788⋅gmL−158.08⋅g⋅mol−1

                             =2.39⋅mol

−4000⋅kJ is  heat would be released by its complete combustion.

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The reactant in a chemical process known as the limiting reactant controls how much product can be produced. When the limiting reactant is completely used up, the reaction will come to an end.

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The water supply in California has greatly been shortened due to several years of historically low rainfall and the unsustainable groundwater pumping that has occurred for decades throughout the state.

What is Water supply?

Water supply is described as the provision of water by public utilities, commercial organizations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually Through a system of pumps and pipes.

Three factors are the main causes of water supply shortage

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Because it adheres to Hückel's criterion, benzoene is an aromatic hydrocarbon.Because of its scent, or "aromatic" smell, benzene was once thought to be aromatic.

Because of their distinct scents, benzene-like compounds were previously referred to as aromatic hydrocarbons.Any substance that has a benzene ring or exhibits certain benzene-like characteristics is now considered to be an aromatic chemical.

Benzene's aromatisability According to the Huckel rule, an aromatic ring must possess the following characteristics:Planarity.total delocalization of the ring's electrons.the ring contains (4n + 2) electrons, when n is a constant

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The correct IUPAC name for Se₂I₈ is diselenium octaiodide.

IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It is an international scientific organization that sets standards for the naming of chemical compounds.

It is an international scientific organization that sets standards for the chemical nomenclature, terminology, and measurement used in science. The IUPAC name, also known as the systematic name, of a chemical compound is a technical term used to uniquely identify a substance. The IUPAC name is constructed according to specific rules and provides a way of identifying a chemical compound in a consistent manner.

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The potential yield is composed of 608.22 grams of C6H12O6 and 531.2 grams of oxygen.

The quantity of a substance that contains precisely 6.02214076 X 1023 of its essential components is called a mole.

A material is considered to contain a mole of a substance if it has the same mass as 12.000 g of 12C and the same number of elementary particles as atoms.

Find the theoretical yield of the reaction:

Here is the response: C6H12O6 + O2 = 6 CO2 + 6 H2O.

A mass of 2.38 x 102 g of water is given.

18.6 moles of CO2 are provided.

C6H12O6 is formed from 6 CO2 and 6 H2O.

6 moles of water. C6H12O6 in 1 mole

0.6 moles of C6H12O6 are equal to 1 mole of water.

18 g of water equals 276/6 g of C6H12O6.

? gram of C6H12O6 = 2.38*102 gm of H2O

C6H12O6 is 2.38+102+276/618 = 608.22 grams.

1 mole of C6H12O6 is equal to 276g, so 1 mole of C6H12O6 is equal to 608.22g, which is equal o 2.2 moles of C6H12O6.

O2 is equal to 6 moles of CO2.

Moles of CO2 and O2 are equal. 18.6 moles of CO2 are equal to 18.6 moles of O2.

O2 in a mole equals 32 grams.

18.6 moles of oxygen are equal to? gm (18.6*32) or 531.2 gms of oxygen. The potential yield is composed of 608.22 grams of C6H12O6 and 531.2 grams of oxygen.

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The strongest intermolecular forces present between these molecules includes London dispersion forces hydrogen bonding and dipole dipole forces.

Intermolecular forces are the force that are responsible for keeping the molecule is stable.

There are Several kind of intermolecular forces like dipole-dipole forces, London-dispersion forces, hydrogen-bonding etc.

In the given compound the strongest intermolecular forces present for each of the molecule is,

Hydrogen (H) London dispersion forces

Carbon monoxide (CO) London dispersion forces

Silicon Tetrafluoride (SiF₄) London dispersion forces

Nitrogen tribromide(NBr₃) dipole dipole forces

Water (H₂O) hydrogen bonding

Acetone (CH₂O) dipole dipole forces

Methane (CH₄) London dispersion forces

Benzene (C₆H₆) London dispersion forces

Ammonia (NH₃) hydrogen bonding

Methanol (CH₃OH) hydrogen bonding.

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The initial volume of NaOH solution are  The final volume of NaOH solution is 6.80 mL.

The volume of an object is a measure of the three-dimensional space it occupies. It is usually measured in units of cubic centimeters (cc) or cubic meters (m3). In mathematics, volume is the quantity of a three-dimensional figure that is measured in units of length cubed. It is a measure of the amount of space occupied by the object. Volume is an important physical property of matter and is often used to measure the amount of a substance present in a sample.

b. The total volume of NaOH solution used to reach the end point is 5.73 mL.

c. The molarity of the HCl solution is 0.634 M.

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The new concentration of the above solution  would be 0.76 mol/L.

The most common way to solve this problem is to use the formula

c1V11=c2V2

In your problem,

c1  = 4.2 mol/L;  V1  = 45.0 mL

c2  = ?;  

V2  = 250 mL

c2=c1×V1V2 = 4.2 mol/L ×  45.0mL250ml  = 0.76 mol/L

This makes sense. You are increasing the volume by a factor of about 6, so the concentration should be about ¹/₆ of the original (¹/₆ × 4.2 = 0.7).

The amount of solvent which has been digested in a given volume of solvent or solution is evaluated by the optimizer concentration. A solution that includes a considerable amount of dissolved solute is said to be concentrated. A solution is said to be dilute if it only contains a little amount of dissolved solute.

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The ion of nitrogen will be negatively charged. Its electrical structure reveals that the outermost shell contains 5 electrons (valence shell).

There is often only one atoms ion that is likely to develop for ions in and p- blocks. The columns or group that the chemical is in corresponds to the energy of that ion. For instance, because rubidium belongs to group 1, it is likely to produce an ion with a charge of 1+.

A charged particle with just one atom is called a monatomic ion. Ions can have either a positive or negative charge. Furthermore, the

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