Without the plasma cells of living things will die because they are unable to maintain…

The expected genotypes and percentages of this cross are Option 4. TT 25%; Tt 50%; tt 25%.

This is a dihybrid cross of two heterozygous parents. The tendencies located on this cross are the equal traits that Mendel changed into looking at for his experiments. This move consequences in the anticipated phenotypic ratio of 9:three:3:1.

Calculation:-

Dihybrid cross:-

           T     t

T       TT    Tt      

t          Tt     tt

Total games = 4

TT = 1

    1/4 × 100 = 25%

Tt = 2

    2/4 × 100

    =  50 %

TT = 1/4 × 100 = 25%

Hence, Option D.TT 25%; Tt 50%; tt 25%

The dihybrid crosses chart one-of-a-kind tendencies in a single breeding experiment. bear in mind a pass between two mothers and fathers that are heterozygous for both body color and eye shade (BbEe x BbEe). This sort of experiment is known as a dihybrid go. these alleles are known as a genotype. If the two versions are different, you've got a heterozygous genotype for that gene.

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Disclaimer:- your question is incomplete, please see below for the complete question.

Two heterozygous tall plants (Tt) are crossed. What are the expected genotypes and percentages of this cross?.

1. TT 50%; Tt 50%

2. TT 25%; tt 75%

3. Tt 25%; TT 50%; tt 25%

4. TT 25%; Tt 50%; tt 25%

At the conclusion of the Permian period, about 252 million years ago, the last living trilobites eventually went extinct.

Where may one find fossilized trilobites?

In the rough mountains of western Canada, the flat plains of eastern Europe, the sweltering deserts of northern Africa, and the lush hills of southern China, their fossilized remains can be found. Trilobites can be found on every continent of the world where Paleozoic outcrops are present.

Over 22,000 different species of trilobites have been identified, making them one of the most successful early organisms. They have been present in oceans for approximately 270 million years.

Therefore, A trilobite is one of the earliest common fossils.

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Using the theories of enzymes, we got that Helicase is the enzyme moves outward from the origin replication and breaks hydrogen bonds between dna nucleotides.

Helicases are the class of enzymes thought to be vital to all organisms. Their main function is to unpack the organism's genetic material. Helicases are motor proteins that move directionally along the nucleic acid phosphodiester backbone, separating the two hybridized nucleic acid strands (hence helic- + -ase), using energy from the ATP hydrolysis. There are many helicases, representing the great variety of the processes in which strand separation must be catalyzed. Approximately 1% of the eukaryotic genes code for helicases.

Hence, the enzyme moves outward from the origin of replication and breaks hydrogen bonds between dna nucleotides is helicase.

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The nervous system that controls the activity of glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle is the autonomic nervous system because the branches of this nervous system are associated with many organs of the body.

The central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, is considered the primary nervous system of the human body. The autonomic nervous system has two branches, such as the parasympathetic branch, which instructs the cardiac and smooth muscles to work slowly. The other branch is the sympathetic branch, which is associated with the heart and sends the signal to work harder (in danger) and minimize the activity of smooth muscle (stomach) and glands to release emergency hormones.

Hence, the autonomic nervous system regulates the glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.

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The phenotypic ratio of the f2 generation of the dihybrid cross in mendel’s experiment with pea plant was 9:3:3:1.

Mendel observed that the F2 generation of his dihybrid cross had a ratio of 9:3:3:1 and produced nine plants with round, yellow seeds, three plants with round, green seeds, three plants with wrinkled, yellow seeds, and one plant with wrinkled, green seeds. A phenotype refers to the outer appearance of an individual.

Mendel found through his experiment that the parental generation's trait pairs sorted apart from one another from one generation to the next. A mating experiment between two organisms that are equally hybrid for two traits is referred to as a dihybrid cross.

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The transpiration pull is due to the negative potential of pressure that causes water to move up through the xylem that begins at the surface of mesophyll cells.

Water moves through a plant during transpiration, where it evaporates from aerial parts like leaves, stems, and flowers. Although water is essential to plants, only a small portion of the water absorbed by the roots is utilized for growth and metabolism.

Transpiration and guttation account for the remaining 97–99.5% of loss. Stomata (plural "stoma"), which are tiny pores that cover leaf surfaces, are more prevalent on the undersides of the foliage in most plants. The guard cells and their stomatal accessory cells, collectively known as the stomatal complex, surround the stomata and are responsible for opening and closing the pore.

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The tRNA in the A spot of the aforementioned figure will be expelled from the ribosome. The ribosome will attach to a fresh tRNA.

The sequence AUG, which designates the amino homocysteine, is an illustration of a codon. Every messenger RNA begins with the AUG codon, which not only codes for the amino acid methionine but also signals the beginning of a protein.

An mRNA codon is a triplet or triple-nucleotide sequence that codes for a specific amine group during translation. A three-nucleotide sequence called the anticodon is present on tRNA and binds to the appropriate mRNA sequence. The anticodon determines which amino acid is carried by the tRNA molecule.

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a. Trig water from the bottom of the reservoir - 5. Pathogens and aquatic diseases

B. acid drainage from an abandoned coal mine -4. Toxic chemical products

c. medical waste from a hospital dumped at an illegal site

d. herbicide from a football field

e. clay soil of alnd care for building houses - 2. sediment

f. phosphorus-rich fertilizer from farmland - 3. thermal pollution

g. nitrogen-rich grass clippings from a cut city - 1. nutrient pollution

Pollution means the introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the environment, causing a negative effect on its balance, thus causing damage to human health, living beings and ecosystems.

Among the main causes of death due to air pollution, we can highlight strokes, heart diseases and respiratory diseases. Furthermore, published data show a close relationship between air pollution and deaths from lung cancer.

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If 150 glucose monomers are joined together to form a starch molecule,It would become the same as another of starch component similar glycogen. Amylose as you mentioned have 1-4 bonds but glycogen have 1-6 bonds.

Glycogen is more branched and this makes it less soluble in water. also it is used as a storage medium only and it is not easily digested. Just the level of complexity would have increased. Solubility would have lessened.

Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in plants. The given statement is false because starch is the storage form of glucose in plants, and glycogen as the storage carbohydrate in animals.

Therefore, If 150 glucose monomers are joined together to form a starch molecule,It would become the same as another of starch component similar glycogen. Amylose as you mentioned have 1-4 bonds but glycogen have 1-6 bonds.

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Nondisjunction occurs during meiosis ii of sperm formation. are the two homologs of the affected chromosome in aneuploid gametes identical to one another or different from one another Gonads.

Aneuploidy is the presence of an unusually wide variety of chromosomes and is distinctly established in human gametes. certainly, aneuploidy is the main genetic cause of spontaneous miscarriage and congenital delivery defects in our species.

The maximum common motive of aneuploidy is nondisjunction, the failure of chromosomes to disjoin typically for the duration of meiosis (seeing. ninety-eight. 1). Nondisjunction can arise at some point of meiosis I or II or throughout mitosis, although maternal meiosis I am the maximum not unusual nondisjunction in aneuploidies (e.g., Down syndrome, trisomy 18).

Although it does not have an effect on the fertilization rate, an expanded sperm aneuploidy fee is associated with an extra rate of pregnancy failure. nevertheless, a few patients with increased sperm aneuploidy price can still gain a being pregnant, however with an expanded hazard of generating an aneuploid offspring.

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The eukaryotic cell would expect to find transcripts with intron sequences in the nucleus.

Introns аre the sequences between the exons аnd the intron messаges аre spliced out by the spliceosome in the formаtion of the coding RNАs (mRNА, rRNА аnd tRNА). The protein-coding sequences for mаny genes аre broken into smаller pieces of coding sequences cаlled exons sepаrаted by non-coding sequences cаlled introns. When genes аre trаnscribed, those exons аnd introns аre included in the initiаl messenger RNА products. However, introns аre removed during the process cаlled splicing so only exons аre included in the mаture mRNА аnd used to dictаte whаt proteins аre produced. In mаny genes, the introns аre much longer thаn the exons. Introns mаy contаin sequences thаt regulаte how genes аre expressed or trаnscribed аnd how mRNА is processed.

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Males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes.For an X-linked trait to manifest in females, it must either be recessive with both alleles carrying .

The recessive type or dominant with two alleles that express the trait.However, because males only have one X chromosome, only one gene for any trait can really cause the trait in males. As a result, males will express sex-linked recessive features more frequently than females.The X chromosome is connected to some recessive genes that cause genetic abnormalities in humans. Males are more likely than females to have these flaws. This is due to the requirement that any gene with a recessive allele on chromosome X express itself phenotypically in males.Humans have two recessive sex-related characteristics that are found on the X chromosome: haemophilia and colour blindness. A blood clotting condition called haemophilia prevents blood from clotting.When a person has colour blindness, they are unable to discriminate between the colours of red and green.

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Inheritable adaptations vary among individuals

The population size is increasing.

Fitness varies among individuals.

This conditions are necessary for natural selection to occur

What is natural selection?

Nature's harsh conditions exterminate those who are unable to evolve. Those who are unable to pass on their survival skills to their kids are likewise eliminated. The term "Natural Selection" refers to the idea that those that adapt and procreate are being naturally chosen to live.

Natural selection is the method by which the pressure of selection chooses the traits that are more useful. Darwin's theory of natural selection emphasises the choice of an organism's advantageous traits that increase its chances of survival and reproduction. It is a methodology based on adaptation and modification.

Darwin used the finches of the Galapagos Islands as an example. From the same island, the finches spread out to the many Galapagos islands. This causes their beak sizes to change. The size of the beaks varies among finches due to their varied environments and diets.

Hence the correct option is a,b, and d.

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Cardiac output is the volume of blood that is expelled from the ventricle per minute and blood pressure is the tension generated by the blood on the arterial walls.

Blood pressure is determined by the interaction of various factors such as cardiac output and peripheral resistance. If the correct volume of blood is sent through the arteries there will be a correct arterial pressure, it could be said that they are directly proportional.

Thus, cardiac output helps maintain blood pressure to deliver oxygenated blood to vital organs.

Therefore, we say that cardiac output and blood pressure are related.

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The adult central nervous system contains glial cells of three different types: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia.

The primary cell types of the central nervous system include neurons, glial cells (including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, and microglia), choroid plexus cells, and blood vessel and covering cells.

Innate immune cells called microglia play two key jobs in the brain that are shared by myelomonocytic innate immune cells in all mammalian organs: they defend against and phagocytize viruses, bacteria, and other foreign invaders, as well as they clear away cell debris to promote wound healing.

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In the lungs, mucus and cilia cooperate to assist eliminate any possible inhaled material. The mucociliary clearance is what's happening here. The cilia (tiny hair-like projections off of the cells lining the respiratory system) move in a way to transfer the mucus (and foreign material) out of the lungs when dirt and other foreign objects become lodged in the mucus.

Before pathogens like viruses and dangerous bacteria enter the lungs, the mucus in the trachea aids in their capture. The temperature of the air entering and leaving the lungs is also regulated by the trachea.Cilia, which resemble hair-like projections, border the bronchi of the lungs and transport bacteria and detritus up and out of the airways. The cilia include goblet cells that release mucus all over them.

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Answer:the one

Explanation it wins

Answer:

C

Explanation:

because im right obviously, give me brainliest please!

If you were to go upside down into a handstand, blood pressure would momentarily increase (until the baroreceptor reflex corrects it). why does blood pressure increase when you go upside downslow oxidative.

A normal blood stress degree is much less than one hundred twenty/eighty mmHg. no matter your age, you could take steps each day to preserve your blood pressure in a wholesome range.

The new hints alternate not anything if you're more youthful than 60. however if you're 60 or older, the goal has moved up: Your purpose is to maintain your blood pressure at 150/ninety or decrease. if you have kidney disorder or diabetes, your goal was 130/eighty or lower; now it's 140/ninety or decrease.

Tension doesn't purpose lengthy-time period excessive blood stress (hypertension). but episodes of tension can cause dramatic, temporary spikes in blood stress. If the ones brief spikes occur regularly, which include each day, they could purpose damage to blood vessels, the coronary heart and kidneys, as can continual excessive blood strain.

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A mutation that knocked out the proofreading function of dna polymerase would result in a higher-than-normal rate of DNA synthesis errors. Without this proofreading function, incorrect nucleotides would be inserted about once every 100,000 bases instead of once every 10,000,000 bases.

It enables the enzyme to examine each nucleotide as DNA is being synthesised and remove any mismatched ones in the 3' to 5' direction. A polymerase can also remove unpaired 3' overhanging nucleotides to produce blunt ends thanks to the proofreading domain.

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Answer:

DNA

Explanation:

Hope it helps

A man may be stimulated via way of means of an X-connected feature with simply one recessive gene (due to the fact the male is hemizygous – he best has one allele of an X-connected trait).

Males have a tendency to develop X-connected recessive ailments greater frequently. One X chromosome is all that men have. On that X chromosome, the situation is due to a unmarried recessive gene. The 2d XY gene pair in a male is placed on the Y chromosome.

To purpose the disorder in women (who've X chromosomes), a version might want to exist in each copies of the gene. Males have  mutated copies of this gene due to the fact it's far implausible that women will are considerably greater usually than women laid low with X-connected recessive diseases.

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The Red Sea's brown surgeonfish (Acanthurus nigrofuscus) gut symbiont, Epulopiscium fishelsoni, grows larger than any other eubacterium.

Gram-positive, rod-shaped Epulopiscium fishelsoni bacteria. One of the biggest bacteria is it. It can expand to a size of 600 by 80 micrometres. Microscopic examination showed that the cell membrane is folded, wrinkled, and has several pockets rather than stretching smoothly around the cell.

A large class of unicellular creatures known as amoeboid protists exist in both fresh and salt water. Pseudopods, often known as "false feet," or pseudopodia, are extensions of their cells that they use to move and feed.

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Because animal cells typically lack the appropriate enzymes, RNA virus always encodes the enzymes needed to copy its genome.

What is RNA virus?

Except for retroviruses, which have ribonucleic acid as their genetic material, a RNA virus  is a type of virus. Although it is typically single-stranded RNA, the nucleic acid can also be double-stranded.

According to the core tenet of molecular biology, RNA's main function is to translate the data encoded in DNA into proteins.

Up to a million times more mutations occur in RNA viruses than in their hosts, and large mutation rates are associated with increased virulence and evolvability, characteristics that are thought to be advantageous for viruses.

Orthomyxoviruses, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Ebola illness, SARS, influenza, polio, measles, and retrovirus including adult Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus are among the human  diseases caused by  RNA virus (HIV).

Therefore, because animal cells typically lack the appropriate enzymes, RNA virus always encodes the enzymes needed to copy its genome.

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Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of protein for adults is 0.8 g per kilogram of body weight.

What is recommended dietary allowance?

The Food and Nutrition Board has determined the levels of essential nutrient intake known as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) to be sufficient to meet the known nutrient needs of nearly all healthy individuals.

You can determine how much protein you should be eating by converting your weight, which you likely know in pounds, to kilograms. In comparison to the average American woman, who weighs 168.5 pounds, the average American man weighs 195.7 pounds (88.77 kilograms) (which equals about 75.21 kilograms).

The RDA formula is as follows since most people should ingest 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight:

protein equivalent of 0.8 grams (weight in kilograms)

According to this recommendation, most men should consume 71 grams of protein daily, as 0.8 x 88.77 = 71.016. Since 0.8 x 75.21 = 60.168, women should normally consume roughly 60 grams of protein per day

You can just multiply your weight in pounds by 0.36 grams of protein if you have problems figuring out your body weight in kilograms. Thus, the RDA formula would be as follows:

0.36 g of protein multiplied by (weight in pounds)

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In a diploid body cell, there are 2n = 4 chromosomes—2 from the mother and 2 from the father.

The exchange of genetic material between the non-sister chromatids of two homologous chromosomes during sexual reproduction, or chromosomal crossover, leads to recombinant chromosomes. Genes from the mother and father typically "cross over" or are scrambled to create a genetic mix particular to each baby. However, because the Y chromosome does not experience crossing over, its genes have a propensity to age prematurely and repetitive DNA sequences build up.When two non-sister chromatids on homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during sexual reproduction, recombinant chromosomes are created. This process is known as chromosomal crossover, or crossing over.

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I would expect the mutation of the gene to appear on the DNA at the promotor for the gene.

Mutation is defined as the alteration or change in the patterns of the sequence of nucleic acids of gene of an organism.

There are various types of mutation that include the following:

The promotor of a gene is the area where transcription of RNS polymerase takes place therefore, mutation of the gene would most probably occur at that site.

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Parathyroid is the best process exemplify.

What is Parathyroid ?

The parathyroid glands, which are small glands in the neck behind the thyroid gland, secrete parathyroid hormone.

The hormone parathyroid hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood, primarily by increasing them when they are too low. This is accomplished through its actions on the kidneys, bones, and intestine.

The parathyroid glands are primarily controlled by the negative feedback of calcium levels in the blood. Low blood calcium levels stimulate parathyroid hormone secretion, whereas high blood calcium levels inhibit parathyroid hormone release.

Hypoparathyroidism, or a lack of parathyroid hormone, is a rare medical condition. It can cause low calcium levels in the blood (hypocalcaemia). It is typically treated medically with calcium and vitamin D analogues taken orally, but the availability of parathyroid hormone replacement therapy may change the treatment approach for some patients.

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A frameshift mutation is a type of genetic change brought on by indels in DNA sequences that contain many nucleotides that are not divisible by three. Because codons are used to express genes in triplets, an insertion or deletion may alter the reading frame and produce a translation that is entirely different from the original.

A mutation known as a substitution swaps one base for another (i.e., a change in a single "chemical letter" such as switching an A to a G). A codon that encodes a different amino acid may be changed, which would result in a minor modification to the protein that is created.

What is mutation?

A mutation is a modification to the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations can result through viral infection, errors in DNA replication during cell division, and exposure to mutagens. Germline mutations, which occur in eggs and sperm as opposed to somatic mutations, which occur in body cells, can be passed on to progeny.

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Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) aid in the identification of genes linked to a certain disease (or another trait). This strategy examines a big population's complete genome in an effort to find tiny changes known as single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs.

While whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) investigations strive to capture all genetic variation, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) typically use targeted genotyping of specific and preselected variants utilizing microarrays.

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