The contract promoting surrogate birth between X and Y is void.
Is the contract promoting surrogate birth between X and Y enforceable?The contract promoting surrogate birth between X and Y is void. In Indiana, there is a statute that declares surrogate birth contracts as void. This means that the contract is considered legally invalid and unenforceable.
Void contracts are essentially treated as if they never existed from a legal standpoint. The purpose of the statute in Indiana is to prohibit and discourage surrogate arrangements within the state. Therefore, any agreements related to surrogate birth, including the contract entered into by X and Y, will not hold legal weight and cannot be enforced.
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Suppose the equilibrium price for basketballs is $23. If every store prices their basketballs at $21, this would lead to a ______ and would put _______ pressure on prices. O surplus; downward O surplus; upward O shortage; downward shortage; upward
If every store prices their basketballs at $21 when the equilibrium price is $23, this would lead to a surplus of basketballs in the market and put downward pressure on prices. The answers in the blanks are surplus and downward respectively.
When every store prices their basketballs at $21, which is below the equilibrium price of $23, it would create a situation of surplus in the market. A surplus occurs when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded at a given price. With the lower price, consumers are incentivized to buy more basketballs, but producers are not able to sell all their inventory.
As a result, the surplus of basketballs puts downward pressure on prices. The excess supply prompts stores to reduce prices further to attract buyers and clear their inventories. The downward pressure on prices continues until the market reaches a new equilibrium where the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied.
Overall, this situation represents a surplus in the market and exerts downward pressure on prices as stores compete to sell their excess supply of basketballs.
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State the potential effects of AIS on the cost of goods sold of the company with any two examples.kindly Mention all references used in this question Answer.
The implementation of an Accounting Information System (AIS) can have several potential effects on the cost of goods sold (COGS) of a company. Two examples of these effects include improved inventory management and more accurate cost allocation.
Improved Inventory Management: An AIS can enhance inventory management practices, leading to a more efficient control over inventory levels and reducing the risk of stockouts or overstocking. By integrating inventory data with sales and production information, an AIS can provide real-time updates on inventory levels, reorder points, and lead times. This enables the company to optimize inventory levels, avoid unnecessary carrying costs, and minimize the risk of stock obsolescence. As a result, the cost of goods sold can be reduced by avoiding excessive inventory carrying costs and potential losses from obsolete or expired inventory.More Accurate Cost Allocation: An AIS can improve the accuracy of cost allocation methods used in determining the cost of goods sold. By capturing and processing data related to various cost components such as direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead, an AIS can provide a more precise calculation of the cost of each unit produced. This allows for more accurate allocation of costs to individual products or inventory items based on their actual usage of resources. As a result, the cost of goods sold can be calculated more accurately, reflecting the true cost incurred in the production of each item.The implementation of an AIS can have a positive impact on the cost of goods sold of a company. Improved inventory management and more accurate cost allocation are two examples of how an AIS can contribute to reducing the cost of goods sold. By optimizing inventory levels and accurately allocating costs, a company can enhance its profitability and operational efficiency.
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Your Memory Lane (reates custom art prints that use graphs and icons in a street scene to commemorate special occasions. Suppose that Your Memory Lane has priced its product at $350 per print. Further, it has determined that the company's fixed cost is $12,500, with average variable costs per print of $250. What is the fixed cost contribution per print? O a $11,900 O b. $700 c. $100 d. S12.250
The correct answer is c. $100. This means that for each print sold, $100 goes towards covering the fixed costs of the company. Once the fixed costs are covered, any additional revenue will contribute to the company's profit.
Your Memory Lane creates custom art prints priced at $350 per print. The fixed cost for the company is $12,500, and the average variable cost per print is $250. To calculate the fixed cost contribution per print, you need to find the difference between the selling price and the variable cost per print.
The fixed cost contribution per print is the amount of revenue from each print that goes towards covering the fixed costs before generating profit. The formula for this is:
Fixed cost contribution per print = Selling price - Variable cost per print
In this case, the fixed cost contribution per print would be:
Fixed cost contribution per print = $350 (Selling price) - $250 (Variable cost per print)
Fixed cost contribution per print = $100
Therefore, the correct answer is c. $100. This means that for each print sold, $100 goes towards covering the fixed costs of the company. Once the fixed costs are covered, any additional revenue will contribute to the company's profit.
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given the eoq, what is the total annual cost of managing (ordering and holding) the inventory
Total annual cost = (D/Q)S + (Q/2)H where Q is the EOQ calculated from the above formula.
EOQ refers to Economic Order Quantity which refers to the ideal order quantity of a particular inventory item that will minimize the total annual cost of managing (ordering and holding) the inventory. The total annual cost of managing (ordering and holding) the inventory is a sum of both ordering cost and holding cost. The ordering cost is the cost of placing an order for inventory, and the holding cost is the cost of holding inventory in stock.EOQ is calculated as follows:EOQ = √((2DS)/H)Where:D = Annual demand for inventoryS = Ordering costH = Holding costTherefore, given the EOQ, the total annual cost of managing (ordering and holding) the inventory can be calculated as follows:The total annual cost of managing the inventory is the sum of the ordering cost and the holding cost which is given by:(D/Q)S + (Q/2)HSo, which should be related to the calculation of EOQ and how the total annual cost of managing (ordering and holding) the inventory is derived from it.
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Write a page beginning with the following statements:
"Although before this class I believed . . . . , in fact . . . . "
1. Explain why you or others could believe the idea was correct
2. Explain carefully why the idea is incorrect
3. Explain why it is important that we understand the idea correctly
4. Finally, explain why misunderstanding the concept leads to a problem that is resolved if we understand the concept correctly.
Although before this class I believed that success was solely determined by innate talent and abilities, in fact, I have come to understand that hard work and perseverance play a crucial role in achieving success.
1. Many people, including myself, could believe in the idea that success is determined by innate talent and abilities due to societal narratives and cultural beliefs. We often hear stories of individuals who seem to possess exceptional skills from a young age or are born into talented families, which reinforces the notion that success is predetermined.
2. However, the idea that success is solely determined by innate talent is incorrect. Research has shown that hard work, determination, and deliberate practice are significant factors in achieving expertise and success in various fields. Natural abilities may provide a foundation, but without consistent effort and dedication, talent alone is not sufficient to excel.
3. It is important that we understand the idea correctly because it affects our mindset and approach toward personal and professional growth. Believing in the myth of innate talent can lead to a fixed mindset, where individuals feel limited by their perceived lack of inherent abilities. Recognizing the importance of hard work and perseverance encourages a growth mindset, empowering individuals to develop their skills and reach their full potential.
4. Misunderstanding the concept of success based on innate talent can lead to a problem of limiting oneself or others based on predetermined notions. It can discourage individuals from pursuing their passions or exploring new opportunities, assuming they do not possess the inherent talent required. However, understanding that success is attainable through hard work and dedication opens up possibilities and motivates individuals to strive for excellence. Embracing this perspective fosters a culture of resilience, learning, and continuous improvement, ultimately leading to personal growth, innovation, and societal progress.
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what type of industry is likely to use a job order cost system
A job order cost system is a type of accounting system that is used by companies that produce custom or unique products or services.
This system is particularly well-suited for industries that manufacture products in small batches or one-of-a-kind items, rather than mass-produced goods.
Industries that are likely to use a job order cost system include:
Construction: Companies in the construction industry often use a job order cost system to track the costs associated with individual projects, such as building a new home or office building.
Manufacturing: Companies that produce goods in small batches or on a made-to-order basis, such as custom furniture manufacturers or specialty food producers, may also use a job order cost system.
Printing: Print shops that produce custom print jobs, such as wedding invitations or business cards, often use a job order cost system to track the materials and labor costs associated with each job.
Film and video production: Companies in the film and video production industry often use a job order cost system to track the costs associated with producing individual movies, TV shows, or commercials.
In general, any industry that produces custom or unique products or services is likely to use a job order cost system to track the costs associated with each project or job.
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List the basic financial statements required by GASB
standards and briefly explain their purposes.
The basic financial statements required by GASB standards and briefly explain their purposes are as follows:
Statement of Net Position: It describes the difference between the total assets and the liabilities, which can include all the deferred outflows of resources and deferred inflows of resources.
Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balance: It describes how much money a government spent and received in a year by showing its revenues and expenses on the one hand and any changes in the fund balance on the other.
Cash Flow Statement: This is a statement that shows the amount of money flowing in and out of an organization or an entity over a specified period. Its main purpose is to show the ability of an organization to meet its financial obligations.
Statement of Activities: It describes how a government's net position changed in a given year, identifying the causes of the changes in revenues and expenses, as well as other revenue sources such as donations and grants.
Notes to Financial Statements: This is a disclosure that gives the required additional information to better understand the numbers presented in the primary statements and also includes other disclosures deemed necessary to provide a complete picture of a government's financial performance.
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The GASB sets high standards for financial reporting by state and local governments to provide financial information that is relevant, reliable, and comparable.
The basic financial statements required by GASB standards and their purposes are as follows:
1. Statement of Net Position
This financial statement reveals information on a government’s financial status as of a specific date. It explains what the government owns, what it owes, and what is left over.
2. Statement of Activities
This statement provides information on the financial outcomes of a government’s activities. The statement shows the costs of delivering services, the revenue that the government received, and how much it made or lost.
3. Statement of Cash Flows
This statement provides a summary of how the government’s cash inflows and outflows changed during a specific period.
4. Fund Financial Statements
This set of financial statements provides data on a government’s operations by funds and account groups. The focus is on legal restrictions, purposes, and limitations. The primary objectives of the fund financial statements are to identify the resources that are being held to satisfy the government's current obligations and to disclose how these resources were used to achieve the government's purposes.
These financial statements must be presented according to the General Purpose External Financial Reporting Framework. They must also be prepared with a clear understanding of the interrelationships among the statements and other disclosures made in the financial report. This will help ensure that the report as a whole is comprehensive, consistent, and understandable to its readers.
In conclusion, the GASB sets high standards for financial reporting by state and local governments to provide financial information that is relevant, reliable, and comparable.
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Vaccid Co is a pharmaceutical company which specializes in the development of vaccines. Recently, they secured a contract to develop a vaccine for the Covid-19 virus. Vaccid Co has estimated that the vaccine will cost about £12 million to develop. The company has also been advised by a corporate finance analyst that its gearing (debt/debt +Equity book values) is too high and is putting the company at a risk of bankruptcy. Therefore, there is a need to repay half of the loan notes. The finance required for the development of the vaccine and the repayment of debt will be raised through a 1 for 5 rights issue at a discount to the current share price of £5.00. Issue costs of the rights issue are estimated at £550,000. The capital structure of Vaccid Co is as follows: fm Em Equity Ordinary Shares (50p) Reserves 20 10 30 Non-Current Liabilities 5% Loan Notes 30 60 Each loan note is redeemable at a premium of 3%. (a) Assuming the rights issue takes place calculate: i) the subscription price of the rights issue (5 marks) ii) the theoretical ex-rights price (TERP) per share (5 marks) ii) the value of a right on one new share for Vaccid: (2 marks) iv) the new gearing (debt/debt equity) after the rights issue (3 marks) b) Miss Wright currently holds 90 000 shares in Vaccid Co and is considering her options. Calculate, in the following scenarios, the effect of the rights issue on Miss Wright's current wealth: (2 marks) (2 marks) DIf she takes up all the right; ii) If she sells all the right, ii) If she chooses not to take part in the rights issue. (2 marks) C) Discuss the merits and demerits to Vaccid Co of paying back half the debt.
a) i) The subscription price of the rights issue can be calculated as follows:
Total amount to be raised = Development cost + Repayment of debt - Issue costs
= £12,000,000 + (£30,000,000/2 * 1.03) - £550,000
= £22,150,000
Number of new shares to be issued = (Existing shares / Rights ratio)
= (20,000,000 / 5) = 4,000,000
Subscription price = (Total amount to be raised / Number of new shares)
= £22,150,000 / 4,000,000
= £5.54
ii) The theoretical ex-rights price (TERP) per share can be calculated as follows:
TERP = (total value of old shares + total value of new shares after rights issue) / (total number of old shares + total number of new shares)
= [(20,000,000 x £5.00) + (4,000,000 x £5.54)] / (20,000,000 + 4,000,000)
= £5.21
iii) The value of a right on one new share is calculated as follows:
Value of a right = TERP – Subscription price
= £5.21 – £5.54
= -£0.33 (negative value indicates that the shareholder will need to pay this amount to exercise the right)
iv) The new gearing (debt/debt equity) after the rights issue can be calculated as follows:
New equity raised = Number of new shares x Subscription price
= 4,000,000 x £5.54
= £22,160,000
New debt = Old debt - Repayment of debt
= £30,000,000/2 - (£30,000,000/2 * 1.03)
= £14,550,000
New total equity = Existing equity + New equity raised
= £20,000,000 + £22,160,000
= £42,160,000
New gearing = (New debt / (New debt + New total equity)) x 100%
= (£14,550,000 / (£14,550,000 + £42,160,000)) x 100%
= 25.68%
b)
i) If Miss Wright takes up all the rights, she will receive 18,000 new shares (assuming she is entitled to one right for every five existing shares). Her total number of shares will increase to 108,000 (90,000 + 18,000). The effect on her current wealth will depend on the market price of the shares at the time of the rights issue. If the market price is higher than the subscription price, she could make a profit by exercising her rights and selling the new shares. If the market price is lower than the subscription price, she may end up with a loss.
ii) If Miss Wright sells all the rights, she will not receive any new shares and her total number of shares will remain at 90,000. However, she can sell her rights on the market, and the effect on her current wealth will depend on the market price of the rights.
iii) If Miss Wright chooses not to take part in the rights issue, she will not receive any new shares and her total number of shares will remain at 90,000. However, her percentage ownership in Vaccid Co will decrease as the company issues new shares to raise capital.
c) The merits of paying back half the debt include reducing the risk of bankruptcy and improving the financial stability of the company. This can improve investor confidence and make it easier for the company to raise capital in the future. Additionally, by reducing its debt, the company can potentially improve its credit rating and reduce its interest expenses.
The demerits of paying back half the debt include the cost of redemption premium which increases the total cost of debt repayment. This can reduce the available funds for other investments or activities. Furthermore, if the company has a high cost of equity, issuing new shares to repay debt may increase the overall cost of capital. Finally, it is also worth noting that taking on some level of debt can be advantageous as it allows the company to take advantage of tax deductibility of interest expenses.
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Susan Johnson, the CEO of a publicly traded company, is trying to decide whether or not to pay take out a large long-term note in order to purchase additional inventory and increase their cash position. She believes it will make a difference in the company’s financial ratios. She has asked you to evaluate the short-term and long-term effects of taking on this additional debt in light of their financial analysis. Discuss the benefits and drawbacks of issuing this long-term debt, both on the financial ratios and the company’s ability to do business.
Benefits of issuing long-term debt: Increased liquidity, Tax benefits, Improved financial ratios & Drawbacks of issuing long-term debt: Interest costs, Increased risk, Reduced flexibility. (For more detail scroll down)
As the CEO of a publicly traded company, Susan Johnson, must consider both short-term and long-term effects of taking on additional debt to purchase inventory and increase their cash position. It is important to understand the benefits and drawbacks of taking on long-term debt in order to make an informed decision. Here are some potential benefits and drawbacks of issuing long-term debt and its effect on financial ratios and the company's ability to do business:
Benefits of issuing long-term debt:
1. Increased liquidity: The company can access a larger pool of funds that may not have been available otherwise, allowing them to invest in growth opportunities.
2. Tax benefits: The interest paid on debt is tax-deductible, which can lower the company's taxable income and reduce their tax bill.
3. Improved financial ratios: Taking on long-term debt can improve certain financial ratios, such as the debt-to-equity ratio and the interest coverage ratio.
Drawbacks of issuing long-term debt:
1. Interest costs: The company will be required to pay interest on the debt, which can be a significant expense over time.
2. Increased risk: The more debt a company has, the more risk it takes on. This can make lenders and investors hesitant to provide financing in the future.
3. Reduced flexibility: When a company takes on debt, they have a legal obligation to repay it. This can limit the company's flexibility in the future if they need to make changes to their operations or investments.
In evaluating whether to issue long-term debt, it is important to consider both the short-term and long-term effects. While taking on debt can provide immediate benefits, such as increased liquidity, it can also have long-term drawbacks that can impact the company's ability to do business. In the end, it is up to Susan Johnson to weigh the benefits and drawbacks and make an informed decision that is in the best interest of the company.
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Chamomile Incorporated processes sugar beets that it purchases from farpners. Sugar beets are processed in batches. A batch of sugar beets costs $31 to buy from farmers and $15 to crush in the company's plant. Two intermediate products, beet fiber and beet juice, emerge from the crushing process. The beet fiber can be sold as is for $27 or processed further for $14 to make the end product industrial fiber that is sold for $44 The beet juice can be sold as is for $26 or processed further for $31 to make the end product refined sugar that is sold for $59. How much more profit (loss) does the company make by processing the intermediate product beet juice into refined sugar rather than seling it as is? Select one O a. $2.00 o b. $33.00 O c. $28.00 0 d. $-5.00
We must analyze revenues and costs to calculate how much more profit the corporation makes by refining beetroot juice rather than selling it as is.
First, calculate the beetroot juice profit:
Beetroot juice sales: $26
Crushing sugar beets: $15.
Profit from selling beetroot juice as is = $26 - $15 = $11.
Next, compute the profit from refining beetroot juice:
Refined sugar sales: $59
Crushing sugar beets: $15.
Refining beetroot juice into sugar: $31.
Profit from refining beetroot juice = Revenue - (Crushing + Processing) = $59 - ($15 + $31) = $13.
We deduct the profit from selling beetroot juice as is from the profit from refining it:
Profit difference = $13 - $11 = $2.
Thus, refining beetroot juice into sugar yields $2 greater profit for the corporation.
Option a—$2.00—is correct.
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differences between a job order cost system and a process cost system include all of the following except the group of answer choices
A. unit cost computations.
B. flow of costs.
C. point at which costs are totaled.
D. documents used to track costs.
The point at which costs are totaled is not a difference between job order cost and process cost systems.(C)Job order cost system and process cost system have different features, and the differences between them are as follows:
Difference between Job order cost system and process cost system:Job order cost system:Job order costing is a technique used by companies that manufacture products to order and provides custom services to its customers. It is used by businesses that manufacture unique items, and each order is treated differently from the other. Job order costing's fundamental principle is that each product is unique, and its cost is determined by specific characteristics. This costing system is used in industries such as printing, construction, furniture making, etc.Process cost system:A process cost system is a costing system that tracks the cost of producing products or services in large quantities. Industries that produce homogeneous goods, such as chemicals, steel, petroleum, flour, and food, use process costing. Process costing is a method of determining costs that assigns costs to processes, such as a specific process of manufacturing or packaging a product. The cost of each item is calculated by dividing the total production cost by the number of items produced. In process costing, the products being produced are identical, so the cost of each item is calculated by dividing the total cost of the process by the number of items produced.
The primary objective of process costing is to determine the cost of each item that goes through the manufacturing process.Group of answer choices that is not a difference between the Job order cost system and the process cost system is: Point at which costs are totaled. Answer is C.In these two systems, there is no significant difference in the point at which costs are totaled. Both systems calculate costs at the end of each period, so the point at which costs are totaled is not a difference between job order cost and process cost systems.
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Consider an annuity with 20 annual payments of $30. The first
payment occurs in exactly ten years.
What is the present value of this annuity at an annual effective
interest of 5%? Round to the nearest
The present value of an annuity can be calculated using the formula for the present value of an ordinary annuity:
PV = P * (1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r
Where:
PV = Present value
P = Payment per period
r = Interest rate per period
n = Number of periods
In this case, the payment per period (P) is $30, the interest rate per period (r) is 5% or 0.05, and the number of periods (n) is 20. However, the first payment occurs in exactly ten years, so we need to discount the annuity by 10 years.
To calculate the present value, we can use the formula:
PV = 30 * (1 - (1 + 0.05)^(-20)) / 0.05
Evaluating this expression will give us the present value of the annuity rounded to the nearest.
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A perpetuity has a PV of $22,000. If the interest rate is 6%, how much will the perpetuity pay every year? A $1,056 B. $1,320 C. $792 D. $660
Perpetuity is a type of financial product that involves regular payments of a fixed amount.The correct option is B. $1,320
These payments are made for an indefinite period, or until the death of the person receiving the payments or the ending of a specific event. A perpetuity has a PV of $22,000. If the interest rate is 6%, to calculate how much the perpetuity pay every year, we can use
The perpetuity formula is P = C / i,
where P is the present value of the perpetuity, C is the amount of the constant payment made each period, and i is the interest rate.So, to find the amount of the constant payment made each period, we can use the formula C = P * i.C = $22,000 * 6% = $1,320
Therefore, the perpetuity will pay $1,320 every year.
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Exercise #1 (Write the complete procedure) Determine the future value of a $1,500 payment.
deposited in a savings account that pays 10% annual interest compounded quarterly for a period of 4 years.
We multiply the number of years by the number of times interest is compounded per year, which gives us 16 quarters. Plugging in these values, we can calculate the future value to be $2,236.50.
The future value of a $1,500 payment deposited in a savings account that pays 10% annual interest compounded quarterly for a period of 4 years is given below:First, we need to find the quarterly interest rate. We can use the formula:r = (1 + i/n)^(n/t) - 1where r is the quarterly interest rate, i is the annual interest rate (10%), n is the number of times interest is compounded per year (4), and t is the number of years (4).r = (1 + 0.1/4)^(4/4) - 1= (1 + 0.025)^1 - 1= 0.025 or 2.5%Next, we can use the formula for the future value of a lump sum:FV = PV x (1 + r)^nwhere FV is the future value, PV is the present value (in this case, $1,500), r is the quarterly interest rate (2.5%), and n is the number of quarters (4 x 4 = 16).FV = $1,500 x (1 + 0.025)^16FV = $1,500 x 1.491 = $2,236.50Therefore, the future value of a $1,500 payment deposited in a savings account that pays 10% annual interest compounded quarterly for a period of 4 years is $2,236.50. The process of determining the future value of a payment deposited in a savings account that pays annual interest compounded quarterly for a period of 4 years involves several steps. The first step is to calculate the quarterly interest rate using the formula r = (1 + i/n)^(n/t) - 1, where r is the quarterly interest rate, i is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years. In this case, the annual interest rate is 10%, the number of times interest is compounded per year is 4, and the number of years is 4. Using these values, we can calculate the quarterly interest rate to be 2.5%. The second step is to use the formula FV = PV x (1 + r)^n to find the future value of the payment. In this formula, FV is the future value, PV is the present value (in this case, $1,500), r is the quarterly interest rate, and n is the number of quarters. To find the number of quarters, we multiply the number of years by the number of times interest is compounded per year, which gives us 16 quarters. Plugging in these values, we can calculate the future value to be $2,236.50.
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Assume you are an open-ended mutual fund manager. What is the NAV per share of your portfolio with the following characteristics? You also maintain $50,000 of cash reserves. Assume there are 5,000 sha
The Net Asset Value (NAV) per share of the portfolio can be calculated by dividing the total net assets by the number of shares outstanding.
Given the following characteristics:
Total net assets of the portfolio (excluding cash reserves): $500,000
Cash reserves: $50,000
Number of shares outstanding: 5,000
To calculate the NAV per share, we need to subtract the cash reserves from the total net assets and then divide by the number of shares outstanding:
Net Assets = Total net assets - Cash reserves
Net Assets = $500,000 - $50,000 = $450,000
NAV per Share = Net Assets / Number of Shares
NAV per Share = $450,000 / 5,000 = $90
Therefore, the Net Asset Value (NAV) per share of the portfolio, including $50,000 cash reserves, is $90.
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The Federal Budget 2022-23 has halved the excise tax for the next six months on petroleum from 44 cents per litre to reduce the cost of living. Using an appropriate diagram, explain the effect of the cut in excise tax on output, employment, and price level
The cut in excise tax on petroleum is likely to increase output and employment in the petroleum industry, while reducing the price level for consumer.
Consumer refer to individuals or households who purchase goods and services for personal consumption. In the context of the Federal Budget, "consumers" are the general population who buy petroleum products, such as gasoline or diesel fuel, for their personal use. The reduction in excise tax on petroleum aims to benefit these consumers by lowering the price level of petroleum products, thereby reducing their expenses and potentially improving their overall cost of living.
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A corporation can finance its assets by each of the following except: a. Borrowing. b. Issuing stock c. Creating and keeping net income. d. Paying dividends.
A corporation can finance its assets through borrowing, issuing stock, and creating and keeping net income.
Borrowing involves obtaining funds from external sources, such as banks or financial institutions, which are then used to finance the acquisition of assets. Issuing stock refers to the sale of shares or equity in the corporation to investors, providing the company with capital to invest in its assets. Creating and keeping net income is another method of financing, where the corporation generates profits from its operations and retains those earnings to reinvest in its assets.
However, paying dividends does not directly finance assets. Dividends are distributions of profits to shareholders, providing them with a return on their investment. While dividends are typically funded from net income, they do not contribute directly to asset financing but rather reward shareholders for their ownership.
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Concord Company purchased merchandise inventory with an invoice price of $6200 and credit terms of 5/10, 1/30. What is the net cost of the goods if Concord Company pays within the discount period? O $
The credit terms 5/10, 1/30 indicate that there is a cash discount available if payment is made within a certain period. In this case, the discount is 5% if paid within 10 days, otherwise, the full amount is due within 30 days.
To calculate the net cost of the goods if Concord Company pays within the discount period, we need to subtract the discount from the invoice price. The discount is calculated as the percentage of the invoice price.
Discount = Invoice Price × Discount Percentage
= $6200 × 5% = $310
Net Cost of Goods = Invoice Price - Discount
= $6200 - $310
= $5890
Therefore, the net cost of the goods if Concord Company pays within the discount period is $5890.
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Bucher Credit Bank is offering 6.8 percent compounded daily on its savings accounts. Assume that you deposit $6,500 today.
How much will you have in the account in 3 years? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16. Use 365 days in a year.)
Future value $
How much will you have in the account in 6 years? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16. Use 365 days in a year.)
Future value $
How much will you have in the account in 12 years? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16. Use 365 days in a year.)
Future value $
Bucher Credit Bank is offering 6.8 percent compounded daily on its savings accounts and assume that you deposit $6,500 today. The future value of the deposited amount in the account after 3 years is $8017.41, after 6 years is $9827.03 and after 12 years is $15510.49.
Using the compound interest formula = PV * (1 + r/n)^(n*t)
Where, FV is the future value PV is the present value, which is $6,500r is the interest rate in decimal formn is the number of times the interest is compounded per year, which is 365t is the time in years (1 + r/n) = (1 + 0.068/365) = 1.00018630.
1. FV in 3 years; FV = PV * (1 + r/n)^ (n*t) FV = 6500 * (1.000186301) ^(365*3)FV = 6500 * (1.000186301) ^1095FV = 6500 * 1.232686954 FV = $8017.41 (rounded to two decimal places)
2. FV in 6 years;FV = PV * (1 + r/n)^(n*t)FV = 6500 * (1.000186301)^(365*6)FV = 6500 * (1.000186301)^2190FV = 6500 * 1.510850159FV = $9827.03 (rounded to two decimal places)
3. FV in 12 years;FV = PV * (1 + r/n)^(n*t)FV = 6500 * (1.000186301)^(365*12)FV = 6500 * (1.000186301)^4380FV = 6500 * 2.384691495FV = $15510.49 (rounded to two decimal places).
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Which of the following is the BEST example of an institution market? 1) the National Park Service 2) a company that sells exclusively on the Internet 3) JCPenney department stores 4) Vanderbilt Univer
Institutional markets refer to the organizations and institutions that buy goods and services for their own use or to serve their clients. The correct answer is 1) the National Park Service.
These organizations and institutions are large-scale purchasers, and their buying processes are usually characterized by complex decision-making procedures. The best example of an institutional market among the options is the National Park Service. Institutional markets are different from consumer markets in terms of demand, buying process, and the nature of relationships between buyers and sellers.
In an institutional market, the demand is derived from the demand for consumer goods. Institutional purchases are characterized by larger order sizes, multiple buying influences, a more formal buying process, and more extended negotiations between the parties involved. The National Park Service is a federal organization responsible for the preservation and maintenance of various national parks in the US. As such, it is an institution that buys goods and services to maintain these parks.
The purchases made by the National Park Service are on a large scale and require a formal procurement process that involves the evaluation of proposals from multiple vendors. In this context, the National Park Service is a typical example of an institutional market.
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Consider a variation to the OLG model with elastic labor supply. In each period, the economy is occupied by two cohorts of two generations of households - the young and the old - living for two periods. There is no population growth. Outputs are not storable. The twist here is the production functions for every cohort household: * The young's output of each cohort is produced linearly 1-to-1 using the labor effort, that is Yyoung = Lyoung * The old retires and earn exogenous income of Yold = 0.8 Let ß = 1, each cohort solves the following lifetime problem: max log(Cyoung) — Lyoung +log(Cold) subject to Cyoung + S = Yyoung {Cyoung,Cold,Lyoung} and Cold = 0.8+(1+r)S Competitive equilibrium: Suppose the economy is to have no government intervention. (a) (3 points) Explain why the amount of saving of each cohort is S = 0. (b) (8 points) Knowing from (a) that saving is zero, solve for the competitive equilibrium of each cohort's optimal consumptions when young and old, and labor supply when young. (Hint: It becomes one-period problem!) (c) (2 points) What is the lifetime utility of each cohort in the competitive equilibrium?
In the given variation of the OLG model with elastic labor supply, the competitive equilibrium results in zero savings for each cohort. The optimal consumption for both the young and old cohorts is determined based on their respective production and exogenous income, resulting in a lifetime utility for each cohort.
(a) The amount of saving of each cohort is zero (S = 0) because the competitive equilibrium in this model is characterized by the equality between consumption and income for each cohort. Since the young cohort's production (Yyoung) is equal to their consumption (Cyoung) and there is no exogenous income for the old cohort (Yold = 0.8), the young cohort does not need to save to meet their consumption needs.
(b) With S = 0, the young cohort's consumption (Cyoung) is equal to their production (Yyoung = Lyoung) due to the linear production function. Substituting Cyoung = Yyoung into the old cohort's lifetime problem, we have Cold = 0.8 + (1+r)*0, which simplifies to Cold = 0.8. Thus, the old cohort's consumption is fixed at 0.8.
Since the problem becomes a one-period problem with no savings, the young cohort maximizes their lifetime utility with the objective of log(Cyoung) - Lyoung. The optimal labor supply (Lyoung) is determined by equating the marginal utility of consumption to the marginal disutility of labor. Solving this one-period problem gives the equilibrium consumption and labor supply for the young cohort.
(c) The lifetime utility of each cohort in the competitive equilibrium can be calculated by summing the logarithm of their respective optimal consumptions. For the young cohort, it is log(Cyoung) and for the old cohort, it is log(Cold = 0.8).
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SP 9 Serial Problem Business Solutions (Algo) LO P2, P3, C2 Following are some transactions and events of Business Solutions. February 26 The company paid cash to Lyn Addie for eight days' work at $150 per day. March 25 The company sold merchandise with a $2,600 cost for $3,200 on credit to Wildcat Services, invoice dated March 25. Required: 1. Assume that Lyn Addie is an unmarried employee. Her $1,200 of wages have deductions for FICA Social Security taxes, FICA Medicare taxes, and federal income taxes. Her federal income taxes for this pay period total $120. Compute her net pay for the eight days' work paid on February 26. 2. Record the journal entry to reflect the payroll payment to Lyn Addie as computed in part 1. 3. Record the journal entry to reflect the (employer) payroll tax expenses for the February 26 payroll payment. Assume Lyn Addie has not met earnings limits for FUTA and SUTA (the FUTA rate is 0.6% and the SUTA rate is 5.4% for the company). 4. Record the entries for the merchandise sold on March 25 if a 4% sales tax rate applies. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required 1 Required 2 Required 3 Required 4 Assume that Lyn Addie is an unmarried employee. Her $1,200 of wages have deductions for FICA Social Security taxes, FICA Medicare taxes, and federal income taxes. Her federal income taxes for this pay period total $120. Compute her net pay for the eight days' work paid on February 26.
The correct answer is option A. Lyn Addie is an unmarried employee.
She worked for 8 days at a wage rate of $150 per day.
Her wages are $1,200.
We are required to compute her net pay, given that FICA social security taxes, FICA Medicare taxes, and federal income taxes are withheld.
Her federal income taxes for this pay period total $120.
The FICA tax rate is 7.65% (6.2% social security tax + 1.45% Medicare tax).
Therefore, Lyn Addie’s FICA taxes amount to (7.65% of $1,200) $91.80.
Lyn Addie’s taxable income is $1,080 ($1,200 wages – $120 federal income taxes).
Federal income tax withholding tables are used to determine the federal income tax withheld. The tables are specific to the employee’s gross pay, filing status, and number of withholding allowances.
Here, we are given that Lyn Addie’s federal income taxes for this pay period total $120.
Therefore, the federal income tax withheld is $120.
The net pay for Lyn Addie’s eight days' work paid on February 26 is calculated as follows:
Wages = $1,200
FICA Social Security Taxes = $91.80
FICA Medicare Taxes = $17.40
Federal Income Taxes = $120
Net Pay = Wages – FICA Social Security Taxes – FICA Medicare Taxes – Federal Income Taxes = $1,200 – $91.80 – $17.40 – $120 = $970.80
Therefore, Lyn Addie’s net pay is $970.80. Hence, Option A is the correct answer.
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Bring an example of Positioning, explain how marketers plan to position their products in their customer's mind, and how B2C is different form B2B when positioning products.
Minimum 250 words and at least 2 references are required in your submission.
Positioning is a strategic marketing concept that involves creating a distinct perception of a product or brand in the minds of consumers. It aims to establish a unique and favorable position for the product in the marketplace. Marketers carefully plan their positioning strategies to differentiate their products from competitors and align them with the needs and desires of their target customers.
How do marketers plan to position their products in their customer's mind?Positioning involves a series of steps that marketers take to establish a desired position for their products in the minds of consumers. Firstly, they conduct market research to gain insights into their target audience and understand their needs, preferences, and perceptions.
Based on this understanding, marketers identify key attributes and benefits that differentiate their product from competitors. These unique selling propositions (USPs) form the foundation of the product's positioning strategy.
Next, marketers develop a positioning statement that succinctly communicates the product's value proposition and differentiating factors. This statement is crafted to resonate with the target audience and create a memorable impression. Marketers then employ various marketing tactics and communication channels to consistently reinforce the desired positioning in the minds of consumers. This can include advertising, branding, packaging, pricing, and customer experience.
In summary, marketers plan to position their products in their customer's mind by conducting market research, identifying unique selling propositions, creating a positioning statement, and implementing consistent marketing tactics to reinforce the desired perception.
Reference- Ries, A., & Trout, J. (1981). Positioning: The battle for your mind.
- Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Marketing management (15th ed.). Prentice Hall.
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please answer with steps
The partnership of Winn, Xie, Yang, and Zed has the following balance sheet: Liabilities Cash Other assets $61,000 $ 45,000 284,000 Winn, capital (50% of profits and losses) Xie, capital (30%) 75,000
Total liabilities and capital of the partnership of Winn, Xie, Yang, and Zed is $465,000. The partnership of Winn, Xie, Yang, and Zed has the following balance sheet: Liabilities Cash Other assets $61,000 $ 45,000 284,000Winn, capital (50% of profits and losses) Xie, capital (30%) 75,000Yang, capital (10%) Zed, capital (10%)
1. Winn's capital and Xie's capital are calculated as follows:- Winn's capital = 50% of (Total capital - Xie's capital) = 50% of ($465,000 - $75,000) = $195,000- Xie's capital = 30% of (Total capital) = 30% of $465,000 = $139,5002. Yang and Zed's capitals are equal and can be calculated as follows:- Yang's and Zed's capital = 10% of (Total capital) / 2 = 10% of $465,000 / 2 = $23,250Therefore, the capital of the partnership is as follows: Winn, capital = $195,000Xie, capital = $139,500Yang, capital = $23,250Zed, capital = $23,250Total liabilities and capital = $61,000 + $45,000 + $284,000 + $195,000 + $139,500 + $23,250 + $23,250 = $465,000The total liabilities and capital of the partnership of Winn, Xie, Yang, and Zed is $465,000.
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Foreign exchange markets are markets in which people of one country exchange goods with people from another country.
TRUE/False? When the actual foreign exchange rate for the dollar is greater than the equilibrium rate, the dollar is undervalued, meaning that it will buy less in international trade than it will buy at home. TRUE/False ?
Foreign exchange markets are markets in which people of one country exchange goods with people from another country is a false statement. When the actual foreign exchange rate for the dollar is greater than the equilibrium rate, the dollar is undervalued, meaning that it will buy less in international trade than it will buy at home is a true statement.
Foreign exchange markets are markets in which people of one country exchange goods with people from another country is a false statement. The given statement is wrong. Foreign exchange markets are markets where people of one country exchange one currency for another currency, goods and services have no direct relation with the foreign exchange markets.
When the actual foreign exchange rate for the dollar is greater than the equilibrium rate, the dollar is undervalued, meaning that it will buy less in international trade than it will buy at home is a true statement. This is a true statement.
When the actual foreign exchange rate for the dollar is greater than the equilibrium rate, the dollar is undervalued, meaning that it will buy less in international trade than it will buy at home.
However, If the exchange rate is less, then the dollar is overvalued, and it will purchase more in international trade than at home.
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3. This question considers how the FX market will respond to changes in monetary policy. For these questions, define the exchange rate as South Korean won per Japanese yen, Ewon/x. Use the FX and money market diagrams to answer the following questions. On all graphs label the initial point A
An increase in the Bank of Korea's money supply leads to a short-run depreciation and long-run appreciation of the South Korean won.
When the Bank of Korea increases the money supply, it shifts the supply of South Korean won in the FX market to the right. In the short run, this leads to an excess supply of won, causing its value to depreciate relative to the Japanese yen (labelled as point B). However, in the long run, the increased money supply creates inflationary pressures, causing the demand for money to rise.
As a result, the money demand curve shifts to the right, increasing the interest rate. This higher interest rate attracts foreign capital, leading to an increased demand for South Korean won and an appreciation of its value (labelled as point C). Therefore, the initial depreciation in the short run is eventually offset by the appreciation in the long run due to the impact of inflation and interest rates.
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The question is inappropriate, the complete question is:
This question considers how the FX market will respond to changes in monetary policy. For these questions, define the exchange rate as South Korean won per Japanese yen, Ewon/*. Use the FX and money market diagrams to answer the following questions. On all graphs, label the initial equilibrium point A.
a. Suppose the Bank of Korea permanently increases its money supply. Illustrate the short-run (label the equilibrium point B) and long-run effects (label the equilibrium point C) of this policy.
Pegasus Telecommunications Ltd (PTL) is considering rolling out a new cable Internet service, PTL is a taxable publicly listed corporation operating in Australia. PTL’s management is in the process of analyzing the project using the NPV method, and as a junior analyst you have been asked to gather the relevant information. For each of the following items explain briefly (no more than 1 sentence) why that item is or is not relevant to the NPV computation
A. PTL headquarters allocate central company costs to departments at a rate of $5,000 per employee per year
B. PTL’s bank will charge an interest of 12% p.a. compounded monthly on the loan required to purchase the necessary hardware
NPV or Net Present Value is a financial calculation that shows the present value of cash inflows and outflows of a project. This method uses a discounted cash flow approach to determine whether an investment will yield positive or negative results.
The following are brief explanations of why each of the given items is or is not relevant to the NPV calculation for Pegasus Telecommunications Ltd (PTL): A. PTL headquarters allocate central company costs to departments at a rate of $5,000 per employee per year:This item is relevant to the NPV calculation because it's an additional cost that needs to be included in the analysis. Since the company has allocated costs per employee, this amount must be added to the cash outflows of the project.B. PTL’s bank will charge an interest of 12% p.a. compounded monthly on the loan required to purchase the necessary hardware:This item is relevant to the NPV calculation because it affects the cash outflows of the project.
The interest charged by the bank will be added to the cost of purchasing the hardware. This higher cash outflow will reduce the NPV of the project.
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State at least six attributes amongst others which
point to potential areas of vulnerability as far as audit risk
implications are concerned.
When assessing potential areas of vulnerability and audit risk implications, auditors consider various attributes that could indicate increased risk.
Here are six attributes among others that can point to potential areas of vulnerability:
Complexity: Complex transactions, operations, or financial instruments increase the risk of errors, misstatements, or fraudulent activities. The more intricate the processes and systems, the higher the potential for vulnerabilities.
Lack of Internal Controls: Inadequate internal controls increase the risk of financial misstatements, fraud, or noncompliance. Weak controls in areas such as segregation of duties, authorization procedures, or monitoring can leave room for errors or intentional misconduct.
Industry and Regulatory Environment: Certain industries or sectors, such as financial services or healthcare, may be subject to specific regulations or complex accounting standards. Compliance with these regulations and standards is critical, and any noncompliance can lead to increased audit risk.
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5. An offer by a firm to repurchase some of its own shares is known a: a. A DRIP. b. A self-tender offer. c. A reverse split. 6. Which of the following is a measure of the systematic risk of a stock?
5. An offer by a firm to repurchase some of its own shares is known as: b. A self-tender offer.
6. The measure of systematic risk of a stock is known as: b. Beta.
A self-tender offer refers to a situation where a company offers to buy back its own shares from existing shareholders. This can be done for various reasons, such as returning capital to shareholders, reducing the number of outstanding shares, or adjusting the company's capital structure. Shareholders have the option to sell their shares back to the company at a specified price and within a specified time frame.
Beta is a measure of the sensitivity of a stock's returns to the overall market returns. It indicates the extent to which a stock's price tends to move in relation to the broader market. A beta of 1 means the stock moves in line with the market, while a beta greater than 1 indicates higher volatility than the market, and a beta less than 1 indicates lower volatility. Beta is used to assess the systematic risk of a stock, which cannot be diversified away and is influenced by market factors.
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If your external reinvestment rate is 4.50%, determine the external rate of return for the investment opportunity summarized below. Time Amount 0 You pay 10,000 pesos Year CHEGGSTYY THIS of each year ESTION You received 63,000 pesos at the end End of Year 9 You pay 225,000 pesos Years 11-19 You receive 85,000 pesos at the end of each year End of Year 21 You pay 50,000 pesos End of Year 24 You receive 175,000 pesos.
To determine the external rate of return for the investment opportunity, we need to calculate the present value of cash inflows and outflows at a discount rate of 4.50%.
To calculate the external rate of return, we need to discount the cash flows to their present values and equate the sum of present values to the initial payment. The discount rate is given as 4.50%.
The cash flows can be summarized as follows:
Time 0: You pay 10,000 pesos (outflow)
End of Year 9: You receive 63,000 pesos (inflow)
End of Year 11-19: You receive 85,000 pesos each year (inflow)
End of Year 21: You pay 50,000 pesos (outflow)
End of Year 24: You receive 175,000 pesos (inflow)
To calculate the present value of each cash flow, we use the discount rate of 4.50%. Once we have the present value of each cash flow, we sum them up.
By comparing the sum of the present values with the initial payment of 10,000 pesos, we can determine if the investment opportunity provides a positive or negative external rate of return. If the sum is higher than the initial payment, the external rate of return is positive, indicating a profitable investment. If the sum is lower, the external rate of return is negative, indicating a loss.
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