In actuality, about 2.5 million light years. 2.4 million light years distant is a slightly closer distance according to some recent Hubble and Keck calculations, but that's still quite a distance.
At what distance will you begin to see the skyline of Manhattan?Other parks with views of Manhattan's skyline include Brooklyn's Fort Greene Park, Manhattan's Fort Washington Park, and the piers at Valentino and the American Veterans Memorial.
The Manhattan skyline is a masterpiece of urban development. NYC's imposing skyscrapers are what give the city its identity, and they are what particularly catch your eye as you pass by Manhattan.
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Assume the government implements a policy that causes a market to produce the socially optimal level of output. Which of the following must be true?
- Equating marginal private benefit and marginal private cost must have resulted in inefficiencies in the market
In order for government to enact a policy that leads a market to achieve the socially ideal amount of output, marginal private benefit and marginal private cost must have been equalised to cause market inefficiencies.
When does marginal private benefit and marginal private cost equal each other?When demand and supply are equal, or when marginal private gain and marginal private cost, a competitive market will produce at that moment.
How do marginal cost and marginal benefit relate to one another?The highest price a buyer will pay for one extra commodity or service is known as the marginal benefit. As consumption rises, the marginal benefit typically declines. The difference in price for producing one extra good or additional unit of service is known as the marginal cost of production.
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in 2-3 paragraphs, explain what can corrections today learn from the correctional systems found at the eastern state and auburn penitentiaries? (worth 10 points).
The correctional systems found at the Eastern State and Auburn Penitentiaries offer unique perspectives on how to best reform criminals and increase public safety.
Eastern State Penitentiary's system was based on a philosophy of solitary confinement, believing that inmates would learn from their own contemplation and reflection. In contrast, Auburn Penitentiary adopted a system of congregate labor, believing that inmates could learn responsibility and self-discipline by working in groups. Today, corrections can learn from both of these systems, incorporating elements of both into their own practices. For example, solitary confinement can offer inmates a chance to reflect on their own actions and develop a sense of responsibility, while group work can help inmates to learn cooperation and interpersonal skills. By combining both approaches, corrections can create an environment that promotes rehabilitation while also protecting public safety.
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research findings combined with the observations of disability rights activists indicate that the paralympics
According to research, when athletes with impairments are featured in news outlets, they are frequently presented as "courageous victims," bystanders to modern conflict, or as prosthetic equipment manufacturers' workers.
What do people think about disabilities?Disability perception is a significant concept that influences not only the welfare of those with impairments but also the moral compass of society. People with disabilities are weakened by negative attitudes toward them, which causes social exclusion and solitude.
Why is it vital to comprehend disability?Understanding society, relationships, families, and one's own experiences while also working to make the world more open and tolerant requires our students to think critically and carefully about disability.
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Do you think of political parties as a divisive force or as a way for like minded people to come together to effect change?
Political parties are formed by the like minded people that come together for a purpose. They share a common objective of running the country. Yet they play a hand in creating difference among the people.
They create the proposals and program for the government. They influence public policy making. They are responsible for effective running of the country and government.
Political parties are responsible to win elections. To promote voters interest and help the citizen in joining with the party. To come in power and use it in a effective way.
When one party comes in power its view are different from the opposition party. This creates the difference in the views that effect the followers of both the parties. Which creates the difference among the people.
To win the election, parties use their influence to attract the voters on their side. This increase the chance of getting more vote. For the vote parties promotes the voters interest mostly.
This also creates the rift between the people. As one interest is conflict for others. Resolving of conflict is ignored as this creates the chance of attracting votes.Thus same thing people does with party, favors that favors their interest.
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In Donders's research on human decision making, he found that it took ____________ to decide which of two buttons to push in response to a stimulus.O simple reaction time taskO Classical conditioningO less than one secondO Cognitive psychology
In Donders's research on human decision making, he found that it took less than one second to decide which of two buttons to push in response to a stimulus.
What is the Donders's research?Donders's research on human decision making was conducted in the late 19th century and focused on understanding the cognitive processes involved in simple reaction time tasks. In these tasks, participants were presented with a stimulus, such as a visual or auditory cue, and were instructed to respond as quickly as possible by pressing one of two buttons. Donders used this task to measure the time it took for participants to make a decision and respond, which he referred to as the reaction time.
Donders found that the reaction time was shorter when the stimulus and response were closely related, such as when the stimulus was a visual cue and the response was a button press with the corresponding finger. This suggested that the brain was able to process the stimulus and initiate the response in a single, automatic process.
Donders's research was important because it helped to establish the basic principles of cognitive psychology and provided a foundation for future research on decision making and cognitive processes. His findings on reaction times, for example, were later used to study attention, perception and motor control. Donders was among the first to propose the idea that different mental processes could be studied separately and that the study of mental processes could be done scientifically.
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the passage suggests that the most favorable portrayal that euripides gave of the olympian gods was to interpret them as:
the most favorable portrayal Euripides gave of the olympian gods was interpreted as psychological forces.
Did Euripides have faith in the Greek gods?
Because of the cuckolding, he became so resentful that misogyny became a recurring theme in many of his plays that he was an atheist and disrespectful of the Greek gods
The gods of Euripides seem egotistical, self-centered, and unconcerned with the plight of people. Divine justice is viewed differently in ancient and modern times; in the former, it is violent, disproportionate, unyielding, and unforgiving.
Therefore, The olympian gods' most positive portrayal by Euripides was interpreted as psychological forces.
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What is velocity? How can you calculate the velocity of an object?
Velocity is a vector quantity that describes the rate at which an object changes its position in a specific direction. It is typically measured in units of distance per time, such as meters per second (m/s) or miles per hour (mph).
To calculate the velocity of an object, you need to know the object's initial position, final position, and the time it takes for the object to move from the initial position to the final position. The formula for velocity is:
Velocity = (final position - initial position) / time
For example, if an object starts at position x1 = 5 m and ends at position x2 = 10 m, and it takes 2 seconds for the object to move from x1 to x2, the velocity of the object would be:
Velocity = (10 m - 5 m) / 2 s = 2.5 m/s
It is also important to note that velocity is a vector quantity, meaning that it has both a magnitude (size) and a direction. This means that the velocity of an object is different depending on which direction the object is moving.
Which of the following annual incomes represents the 2014 poverty line in the United States for an urban family of four? $24,230.$25,020.$34.200
The poverty line in the United States for a family of four living in an urban area in 2014 was $24,230.
How is the poverty line determined?The official poverty measure (OPM), developed by the Census Bureau, compares pre-tax cash income to a cutoff that was established at three times the price of a basic food diet in 1963 and adjusted for family size.
Does a low income equate to poverty?In the US, poverty is determined by comparing an individual's or family's income to a predetermined government level. For instance, under the 2021 definition, a person is deemed destitute if their household income for a family of four is less than $26,500 or their individual income is less than $12,880.
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how we can incorporate more imagnative play in your everyday life ?
which of the following is true of the state militia troops that made up the initial american military force and later came to augment the continental army?
often seemed to appear at crucial moments and then evaporate is true of the state militia troops that made up the initial american military force and later came to augment the continental army.
What statement about the state militia forces' composition is true?the state militia troops that formed up the early American armed force and eventually helped bolster the Continental army.They were mainly civilians who frequently made their own decisions about whether to participate in or escape the fighting.
People joined the Continental Army for what reasons?The Continental Army was staffed by recruits from all walks of life and all the various colonies. In addition to slaves, this group also comprised farmers and tradespeople. For engaging in combat, some slaves were promised freedom. The abundance of land was seen as a means of self-improvement by many low-income people.
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. which of the following concepts refers to rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members?
Norms refers to rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members.
Norms are the accepted practices.Social and cultural norms are guidelines or expectations for conduct and thought that are established by a particular social or cultural group's members who share a common set of values. Norms provide social guidelines for acceptable and unacceptable conduct that determine what is (and is not) appropriate in interpersonal interactions, even though they are frequently unspoken. A culture's norms and expectations serve as a guide for how its members should behave in any given circumstance. Naturally, cultural groups' norms differ greatly from one another.Both formal rules and unwritten laws can serve as codifications of social norms, which are informal understandings that direct social behavior.To know more about norms here
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all information pertaining to operations and financial position of the entity must be reported within the period of time in question.
Recognizing anything as an asset, liability, revenue, expenditure, or something similar in an entity's financial accounts is known as the recognition process.
A case of recognition, what is it?As a token of appreciation, provide for a nutritious breakfast or some afternoon munchies. To honor those members of your group who have received service awards on their birthdays, have a special meeting or awards ceremony. Host a team-building activity away from the office. Organize a lunchtime meeting with your staff and express your gratitude.
Which is better, admiration or recognition?Recognizing someone's actions is one thing; appreciating someone's character is quite another. Since appreciation and acknowledgment are provided for various purposes, it is important to make this distinction.
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When speed training, what should you focus on improving for short periods of time? online running quiz
When doing speed training it is advised to improve your stamina as well and to to work in intervals.
Speed training is done by quick runners and sprinters usually the track runners who take part in 100m sprint or 200m sprint. This training is also done by people to improve their metabolism. Speed training usually involves methods that improves the running speed of individuals. At first it is advised to do a bit of warming up as after speed training there are possibilities of getting muscular cramps or strains. Also it is advised to run in short intervals at the highest speed possible. Usually we should start slow with the techniques and once we are able to grasp then we should run at higher speeds. Also we should work on our stamina so that we don't get exhausted quickly.
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module one question 5 from a social science perspective, what are three factors that shape your day-to-day life? for example, you could describe some factors that influence your social interactions, your access to certain foods, your day-to-day activities, the pace of life in your area, etc.
I don't eat in a healthy way. When I'm feeling down or depressed, I eat more than I normally would.
I don't eat in a healthy way. When I'm feeling down or depressed, I eat more than I normally would. I gave up using drugs, which is a healthy habit I have. My decision to become sober has been affected by my surroundings. I experienced continual discomfort while doing drugs, had few companions, and was frequently in and out of institutions. Together with my support network, I decided to get sober since this was not the life I wanted. From the list of societies, pick one. Describe one of the social science ideas we discussed in this lesson block within that civilization. Recall that in this course, we will primarily focus on the social science principles of social roles, social institutions, social norms.
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Mr. Cole is a kindergarten teacher. Today at school he gave Rebecca a gold star for helping to
clean up the classroom toys; punished Cynthia for yelling at Richard, who threw her doll across
the room; and put Allan in time-out for crying when he was hurt while wrestling with anothe
boy. Mr. Cole is reinforcing ______ among these students.
a.individual identity
b.gender roles
c.self-presentation
d.class bias
While assigning different tasks to different students, Mr. Cole is reinforcing individual identity among these students that is A is correct.
Mr. Cole as a kindergarten teacher is scolding and praising students based on the work they do. He scolds the students that do not obey him or cause trouble around the classroom and he helps the students who are in need. By doing this he is reinforcing the character of individual identity among the students as those who get praised by him understand that they have to the good work and embrace their personality and identity in order to get praises. The students who get scolded understand that they might be doing something wrong and they will avoid doing such things and they will identify their personality. Being a teacher Mr. Cole is inculcating good behavior among students.
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without the prior consent of the consumer given directly to the debt collector, a debt collector may communicate with which of the following
Without the consumer's previous consent, which is granted to the debt collector directly, or without the specific approval of a court with appropriate jurisdiction. A consumer may not speak with a debt collector about the collection of any debt.
The Fair Debt Collection Methods Act (FDCPA), which went into effect in March 1978 and is codified at 15 USC 1692 et seq., was created to outlaw unfair, oppressive, and abusive debt collection practices. The Act establishes rules for how debt collectors may operate, outlines consumer rights when dealing with debt collectors, and specifies fines and other remedies for violations of the Act. It occasionally goes hand in hand with the Fair Credit Reporting Act.
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you are at the nurses' station and a guest walks up to you and asks about a patient. considering hipaa, you would (chose the best response):
As a nurse extern. they have been a tech for years. they know how this works.
If a patient dub to ask to go to the fresh and the tech on the floor is busy doing stuff, do not go find them and tell them to take a patient to the bathroom. Not your patient? ask someone how they use the bathroom and take them.
If you have to get up and find someone in one of the many patient rooms, then that time could've been used to take the patient yourself.
then you are likely the one that does this
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according to romans and other scripture, everyone has sinned because [ select ] sinned. also, believers are spared eternal punishment because of one person, who is [ select ] .
Everybody has erred because Adam sinned, according to Romans or other scripture. Furthermore, because of one person—Jesus Christ—believers are spared from eternal torment.
What exactly does the Bible mean?In a given religion, writings which are regarded as holy include the Bible for Christianity. These texts are referred to as scripture or the scriptures.
Which verse in the Bible has the most impact?The Bible says, "Great is your faithfulness; the steadfast affection of the Lord never stops; he mercies never come to end; they are fresh every morning." Don't worry about anything, but instead, give your requests to God in every circumstance via prayer and petition, together with gratitude.
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accountants, lawyers, teachers, and engineers would be considered workers because their jobs require them to engage in cognitive tasks and apply theoretical and analytical knowledge.
Knowledge workers include accountants, attorneys, educators, and engineers because these professions call for cognitive activity as well as the application of theoretical and analytical knowledge.
Which actions would be regarded as organizational citizenship actions?Organizational citizenship conduct can be categorized into five categories: civic virtue, courtesies, sportsmanship, conscientiousness, and altruism. Oral, verbal, nonverbal, and listening are the four modes of interpersonal communication, and mastering each of them is essential for success in the modern workplace.
Which of the following is most important in predicting work performance?The best predictor of employment performance across all job types, levels, and industries is consistently cognitive capacity. The term "cognitive capacity" refers to a broad range of aptitudes, including analytical, verbal, spatial, and logical thinking.
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psychological phenomenon where a person cannot change because they would have to admit they were wrong is called
The psychological phenomenon where a person cannot change because they would have to admit they were wrong is called cognitive dissonance.
In essence, cognitive dissonance is this situation wherein we naturally strive for consistency in the sense that our belief system must be consistent with both itself and our behaviours. Tension rises and you feel troubled when you depart from that perfect harmony and either think or act contrary to your beliefs. The mental or emotional distress can cause can severely affect a person' health and well-being. Dissonance is the term for that discomfort. The idea also contends that current behaviour has the potential to shape future attitudes and values.
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According to the video, Herman Miller not only relies heavily on an understanding of _____ when working in groups, but has also influenced it by creating office spaces that improve an organization's effectiveness.
a. evidence-based management
b. big data
c. sociology
d. Psychology
e. Organizational Behavior
The movie claims that Herman Miller has changed organizational behavior by designing work spaces that increase an organization's effectiveness in addition to relying significantly on an understanding of it when working in groups.
Which of the following is a core topic in organizational behavior?The fundamental concepts of organizational behavior include: motivation, leader behavior and power, interpersonal communication, group structure and procedures, attitude development and perception, change processes, conflict and negotiation, and job design. When a person reaches a typical level of comfortable living, there is a correlation between pay and job happiness, but not when they are wealthy.
The three connected levels of the most frequently accepted OB model are micro (the individual level), meso (the group level), and macro (the overall level) (the organizational level). To each of these levels, the behavioral sciences that make up the OB discipline make a contribution. Dissonance in the mind. a person's discomfort when acting in a manner that is contradictory with how they perceive themselves or when two of their cognitions (beliefs or attitudes) conflict.
Therefore the correct answer is option e ) Organizational Behavior .
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1. Term Charles Horton Cooley coined to describe the process by which we develop a sense of self. We see ourselves through the eyes of other people. We may even use those views of ourselves when formulating our own self-concept.For example,Mattie is a new sociology professor at the local college. During her first lecture, she noticed that some students were yawning. Based on her interpretation of the students yawning, Mattie has decided she is a boring teacher.2.-imagine how we appear to those around us-interpret other's reactions-develop a self concept**Development of self does not need accurate evaluation, misjudgment becomes a part of us as well, we continue to modify the self as we watch how people perceive us.3.- Play is crucial for dev. of SELF-TROA--Put yourself on someone else's shoes-Develops over time—directions, 8/14yr old4.-Imitation—under 3 yrs. old-Play -- 3 to 6 yrs. Old (pretend to be someone)-Games---be able to take multiple rolesOrganized play-baseball5.1. Sensorimotor—(0-2) limited to direct contact2. Preoperational—(2-7) ability to use symbols--Can count but no understanding3. Concrete- (7-12) w/o concrete examples can not understand truth, honesty but know a lie4. Formal Operational---- (12yrs and up)abstract thinking—see a picture and can understand6. Freud: 3 elements:1. ID—pleasure seeking( food, safety, etc.)—too much we break rules2. EGO—balances the 23. SUPEREGO---conscience, moral component, guilt and shame, too much we get caught up in rules--The social group keeps our biological drives in check. Sociologist object to inborn and subconscious.7. Kohlberg—boys onlyLike Piaget,1.Amoral—must be satisfied2.Preconventional—follow rules avoid punishment3.Conventional—morality means to follow norms/values learned4.Postconventional---judge behavior according to right and wrong—most people never get here
Charles Horton Cooley, a sociologist, proposed the idea that people form their sense of self by observing how others view them; he called this idea the "looking-glass self." The nature of identity and socialization are questioned by this technique, especially when it is used in the digital era.
Son of Michigan Supreme Court Judge Thomas M. Cooley and an American sociologist, Charles Horton Cooley lived from August 17, 1864, until May 7, 1929. A founding member of the American Sociological Association in 1905, he later served as its eighth president in 1918 while pursuing his studies and teaching careers at the University of Michigan. He is arguably best known for the idea of the "looking-glass self," which holds that an individual's identity develops via interactions with others and their impressions of them in society. In 1928, Cooley's condition started to deteriorate. He passed away two months after receiving an unspecified cancer diagnosis in March 1929.
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What is Charles Horton Cooley's theory?
professor mancuso is 70 years old. she is considering retirement, but has decided instead to move to hawaii and teach one online course per semester. this is an example of which of the following? group of answer choices social retirement practical retirement a bridge job a transitional job
This is an example of a bridge job.
A bridge job is a type of employment that is taken on during the transition period between full-time work and retirement. It allows individuals to gradually phase out of their full-time job and into retirement, while still maintaining a sense of purpose and financial stability.
In this case, Professor Mancuso is moving to Hawaii and teaching one online course per semester, which allows her to continue working and earning income, but also allows her to enjoy her retirement in a new location. This type of job can also be beneficial for those who have not yet reached retirement age but are looking to reduce their workload and make a gradual transition to retirement.
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27. one psychological theory holds that the desire for sexual gratification, if frustrated or blocked, may eventually find expression in painting or the writing of poetry.
Sublimation is one psychological theory holds that the desire for sexual gratification, if frustrated or blocked, may eventually find expression in painting or the writing of poetry.
We as a whole encounter undesirable driving forces or inclinations occasionally. Be that as it may, how we manage those sentiments can mean the contrast among satisfactory and unsuitable way of behaving. Following up on these desires in the incorrect manner can be unseemly, so tracking down ways of managing such desires is vital. One way individuals manage such desires is through a cycle referred to in brain science as sublimation. Through sublimation, individuals can change undesirable driving forces into something less hurtful and frequently even supportive.
Consider what could occur assuming you wound up defeat with outrage. Having a profound eruption is one method for managing such sentiments. Be that as it may, such articulations of feeling can be risky in additional ways than one. You might wind up with a harmed relationship and a standing for being wild.
Rather than zooming around out of frustration, consider the possibility that you diverted those furious feelings into an active work, such as cleaning your place of some sort or another. You might spend a few hours irately scouring your kitchen and washroom. When your sensations of disappointment at last die down, you'll have a positive outcome — a shining clean home. This is one illustration of how sublimation can change negative motivations into conduct that is less horrendous and, surprisingly, useful
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The placing of men or equipment into government service by force
The placing of men or equipment into government service by force is known as impressement.
What does impressement entails in government?Impressment, also known as crimping, is the forced military or naval service of able-bodied but unwilling men using crude and violent means. Until the early nineteenth century, this practice was common in port towns all over the world.
In general, impressment could only provide effective crews when patriotism was not a requirement for military success. Impressed men were held to their duty by unyielding and brutal discipline, though they appear to have fought with equal zeal and courage as those who served voluntarily.
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mara and her sorority sisters decided it would be fun to dress in matching outfits for an upcoming event. the sorority sisters met at a clothing boutique, where they began pulling items off the racks and got a variety of reactions. mara showed everyone a short-sleeve michael kors dress with a scoop neckline and a-line silhouette. every sorority sister thought it looked good. there happened to be enough in stock and, better yet, it was on sale! they decided that everyone would buy the michael kors dress. intuition satisficing escalation
The satisficing involved in this decision-making process ensures Mikaela exercises on a regular schedule.
Each person might select a different clothing if you asked ten different people to "satisfice" while searching through a closet for a wedding outfit. But the outcomes remain the same. Each person makes a choice they are happy with and doesn't spend a lot of time second-guessing it.
According to the concept of "satisficing," people only consider various solutions up until they find one that they can live with. The expression is frequently used in design to describe how customers constantly scan product information on websites.
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The correct question is :
Noah works at a coffee shop that offers a special limited edition drink during the month of June. It is always a hassle to get his colleagues to agree on the special drink, so he started providing them with a different sample each morning starting well before June. One day, every employee agreed that the daily sample would be a good choice to use as the limited edition beverage in June, so they chose that drink as the special and didn't taste any more samples.
Mara and her sorority sisters decided it would be fun to dress in matching outfits for an upcoming event. The sorority sisters met at a clothing boutique, where they began pulling items off the racks and got a variety of reactions. Mara showed everyone a short-sleeve Michael Kors dress with a scoop neckline and A-line silhouette. Every sorority sister thought it looked good. There happened to be enough in stock and, better yet, it was on sale! They decided that everyone would buy the Michael Kors dress.
Mikaela started attending a Zumba class on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons and found that it gave her a good workout, so that has been her exercise routine everyday since. The _______ involved in this decision-making process ensures Mikaela exercises on a regular schedule.
which of these is not a characteristic of an incident action plan (iap)? it specifies incident objectives. it states the activities to be completed. it identifies needed resources. it focuses on previous operational periods in order to provide lessons learned.
An Incident Action Plan does not have this focus on earlier operational periods in order to provide lessons learned (IAP).
What characteristics define an IAP?An incident action plan (IAP) is a verbal or written document that outlines general goals and the overall approach to handling an incident. In addition to identifying operational resources and assignments, an IAP may also include attachments that offer further guidance.
What constitutes an incident action plan (IAP)?The objectives for the operational period, incident goals (also referred to as control objectives in NIMS), and the response strategy decided upon by incident command during reaction planning are all formally documented in an incident action plan (IAP).
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A __________ is a set of organized beliefs and rules that establishes how a society will attempt to meet its basic social needs.
a. group
b. social organization
c. social institution
d. working group
The way a society will strive to meet its underlying social requirements is determined by a system of structured beliefs and laws known as social institution.
Define : A social institution
A social institution is indeed an interconnected set of social roles and conventions that are organised and create behavioural patterns that help society's basic requirements are met. Rules, knowledge, and an economic structure, for instance, are necessary for societies.
What kind of social institution would that be?
Families, sports teams, religious organisations, medical facilities, even healthcare organisations are all viewed as institutions by sociologists. Cities, holidays, celebrations, customs, and schools are examples of additional social institutions.
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i need help can someone help mee
The historical circumstance that led to the German response to the outbreak of WWI is that Germany had a strong feeling of nationalism and militarism in 1914, as well as a formidable government propaganda machine, which resulted in widespread joy and celebration among the public as WWI broke out. The Kaiser's statements and media coverage inflamed this war fever even further.
What further role did Germany play in WWI?Germany played a major role in WWI as a central power, along with Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.
They aimed to establish a dominant empire in Europe and Africa, but ultimately lost the war due to a combination of military defeats and economic struggles. The treaty of Versailles imposed heavy penalties on Germany, ultimately leading to WWII.
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The belief and practice that enforces heterosexual behavior as normal while stigmatizing other forms of sexual expression, known as compulsory _________, is the dominant mode of sexual expression in the United States.
A) heterosexuality
B) homosexuality
C) homophobia
D) asexuality
The belief and practice that enforces heterosexual behavior as normal while stigmatizing other forms of sexual expression, known as compulsory Heterosexuality is the dominant mode of sexual expression in the United States.
A person is referred to as homosexual or as a gay person, particularly a male gay person, if they are sexually or romantically attracted to other persons of the same sex. Gay, which can refer to sexual or romantic attraction or behavior between men and women, lesbian, which solely pertains to women, and inclusive abbreviations like LGBT have essentially superseded the term ("lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender") While the term "heterosexual" refers to people who are attracted to people of a different gender, such as males or women who are attracted to men, these people frequently identify as straight or heterosexual. In USA and many other parts of the world, homosexuality is still considered as a sin and deviant.
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