Answer:
The digestive system is made up of the gastrointestinal tract—also called the GI tract or digestive tract—and the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. The GI tract is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. The hollow organs that make up the GI tract are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. The liver, pancreas, and gallbladder are the solid organs of the digestive system.The small intestine has three parts. The first part is called the duodenum. The jejunum is in the middle and the ileum is at the end. The large intestine includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectum. The appendix is a finger-shaped pouch attached to the cecum. The cecum is the first part of the large intestine. The colon is next. The rectum is the end of the large intestine
Explanation:
why did the ball move the same distance when it was on the flatbed truck that accelerated 0.2 m/s?
The relative velocity of the ball with respect to the truck is same as that of the truck with respect to the ball at equal time.
What is relative velocity?The relative velocity of an object is the velocity of the object observed with respect to rest frame of another object.
Distance traveled by the objectThe distance traveled by each object is determined from the prouduct of velocity and time of motion.
d = vt
where;
v is velocityt is timeThus, if the ball moved the same distance when it was on the flat bed truck, then the relative velocity of the ball with respect to the truck is same as that of the truck with respect to the ball at equal time.
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A cosmic ray photon is bombarding a massive object to pieces. The detectors indicates
that two fragments, each of mass 0, depart due to such a collision each moving at
the speed of 0.6c at the angle of 600 relative to the photon’s original direction of
motion. What is the energy of the cosmic ray photon in terms 0 and c ?
Answer:
Chapter 1
1. Show that the Lorentz transformation is such that the velocity of a light ray
travelling in the x direction is the same for the observer in the frame S and for
the observer in the frame S
.
Solution: Consider a light ray travelling in the x direction. If the light ray
connects two space–time points {t1, x1} and {t2, x2}, we have
c = x2 − x1
t2 − t1
The speed of light observed in the frame S will be
c = x
2 − x
1
t
2 − t
1
= c
γ ((x2 − x1) − βc(t2 − t1))
γ (c(t2 − t1) − β(x2 − x1))
= c
x2 − x1
t2 − t2
− βc
c − β x2 − x1
t2 − t2
= c
2. What is the mean path before decay for a charged pion with a kinetic energy of
1 GeV?
Solution: The pion has a lifetime 2.6 × 10–8 s and a mass of 139.6 MeV. If the
energy is 1 GeV, the velocity of the pion is 99% of the velocity of light (Eq. 1.4).
The mean path before decay is
= 0.99 c γ τ
= 0.99 c
1000 + 139.6
139.6
2.6 10−8 = 63 m
S. Tavernier, Experimental Techniques in Nuclear and Particle Physics, 271
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-00829-0, C Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010
272 Solutions to Exercises
3. Show that the relativistic expression for the kinetic energy of a particle (Eq. 1.2)
reduces to the non-relativistic expression if the velocity of the particle is small
compared to the velocity of light.
Solution:
E = Ekinetic + m0c2 = m0c2
1 − (v/c)2
≈ m0c2
(1 − 1/2(v/c)2) ≈ m0c2(1 + 1/2(v/c)
2)
= m0c2 +
1
2
m0v2
4. For a Poisson distribution with average value 16, calculate the probability to
observe 12, 16 and 20 as measured value. Calculate the probability density function for a Gaussian distribution with average value 16 and dispersion 4, for the
values x = 12, 16 and 20. Compare the results.
Solution: For a Poisson distribution P(12) = 0.0829, P(16) = 0.1024, P(20) =
0.0418
For a Gaussian distribution, f(12) = 0.0605, f(16) = 0.0997, f(20) = 0.0605
5. Consider a very short-lived particle of mass M decaying into two long-lived particles 1 and 2. Assume you can measure accurately the energies and momenta of
the two long-lived particles. How will you calculate the mass of the short-lived
particle from the known energies and momenta of the two long-lived objects?
Solution: The mass of the short-lived particle, its energy and its momentum are
related by Eq. (1.1). The energy and momentum of the particle are equal to the
sums of the energy and sums of the momenta of the decay products, therefore
M2c4 = (E1 + E2)
2 − c2(P1 + P2)
2
6. Calculate the order of magnitude of the energy levels in atoms and in nuclei
using the ‘particle in a box’ approximation, Eq. (1.9). Use for the dimension of
the atom 10–10 m and for the dimension of the nucleus 10−15 m.
Solution: Atomic energy levels: ≈40 eV; nuclear energy levels: ≈400 MeV.
7 . Show that in a β− or a β+ decay only a very small fraction of the energy derived
from the mass difference goes to the kinetic energy of the final-state nucleon.
The electron is relativistic; therefore this requires a relativistic calculation! Hint:
the 3-body problem can be reduced to a 2-body problem by considering the
electron–neutrino system as one object with a mass of a few MeV.
Solution. Consider the 2-body decay of some heavy object with mass M into
two objects with masses m1 and m2. The kinetic energy of each of the final-state
particles in the overall centre of mass system is found as follows.
Solutions to Exercises 273
Consider two particles with energy and momentum four vectors p1 and p2.
The symbol pi stands for the four-vector {Ei,cpi}. The energy E appearing in this
expression is the total energy E, i.e. the rest energy mc2 plus the kinetic energy.
The four-vector product (p1.p2) is defined as
(p1.p2) =
(
E1E2 − c2 p1 p2
)
A four-vector product is a Lorentz invariant; this quantity can be evaluated in
any reference frame, and the result is the same. Consider now the quantity
(p1.p2)
m1c2
This is a Lorentz invariant. Evaluating this expression in the rest frame of
particle 1 makes clear that this is the energy of particle 2 seen in the rest frame
of particle 1. This remains true also if one of the particles is in fact a system
of particles, for example the system of the two particles 1 and 2. The energy of
particle 2, seen in the overall centre of mass frame of the particles 1 and 2 is
therefore
E∗
2 = (p1 + p2).p2
(p1 + p2)2
We have the following relations:
(p1 + p2)
2 = M2c4
(p1.p2) = 1
2
(
(p1 + p2)
2 − (p1)
2 − (p2)
2
)
= M2c4 − m2
1c4 − m2
2c4
And therefore finally
E∗
2 = M2c4 + m2
2c4 − m2
1c4
2Mc2
Let us now apply the above relation to the decay
N∗ → N + e− + ¯νe + Q
The symbol Q represents the energy liberated in the reaction. Let us denote
by M∗ the mass of the parent nucleus, by M the mass of the final-state nucleus
and by m the mass of the electron–neutrino system. The kinetic energy of the
nucleus in the final state is given by
274 Solutions to Exercises
Ekin = M∗2c4 + M2c4 − m2c4
2M∗c2 − Mc2
= M∗2c4 + M2c4 − m2c4 − 2M∗c2Mc2
2M∗c2
= (M∗ − M)
2 c4 − m2c4
2M∗c2
=
!
mc2 + Q
The energy of the cosmic ray photon is zero. his means that the photon had insufficient energy to create new particles, and instead, it simply scattered off the massive object.
What is Einstein's energy equation?Einstein's energy equation, also known as the mass-energy equivalence, relates the energy E of an object to its mass m and the speed of light c. The equation is:
E = mc^2
where:
E is the energy of the object in joules (J)
m is the mass of the object in kilograms (kg)
c is the speed of light in meters per second (m/s)
This equation means that mass and energy are interchangeable, and that a small amount of mass can be converted into a large amount of energy. The equation is an important consequence of Einstein's theory of special relativity, and it has been confirmed by numerous experiments, including nuclear reactions and particle accelerators.
Here in the Question,
We can use the conservation of momentum and energy to solve this problem. Since the two fragments have equal mass and are moving in opposite directions at the same speed, we know they have equal and opposite momenta. Therefore, the initial momentum of the photon must also be equal and opposite to the total momentum of the fragments.
Let's call the initial momentum of the photon p and the mass of each fragment m. The total momentum of the fragments is:
p' = 2mv
where v is the speed of each fragment, which we know is 0.6c. Therefore, we can write:
p' = 2m(0.6c) = 1.2mc
By conservation of momentum, we have:
p = -p'
where the negative sign indicates that the photon is moving in the opposite direction to the fragments. Therefore:
p = -1.2mc
Now we can use conservation of energy to relate the photon's energy E to its momentum p:
E^2 = p^2c^2 + m^2c^4
Substituting the expression we found for p, we get:
E^2 = (1.2mc)^2c^2 + m^2c^4
E^2 = 1.44m^2c^4 + m^2c^4
E^2 = 1.45m^2c^4
Solving for E, we get:
E = mc^2 * sqrt(1.45)
Plugging in the values for m and c, we get:
E = (0 * 9.0 × 10^16 kg) * sqrt(1.45) = 0
Therefore, The photon from a cosmic ray has no energy. This indicates that the photon was merely scattered off the large object since it lacked the energy to produce new particles.
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Objects change their speed and/or direction only when
Answer:
When an external force acts upon them
How much pressure is created when you apply a
50.0N force on a syringe plunger that has a diameter of 0.4
Which of the following scenarios will generate electricity using electromagnetic induction?
A. a highly conductive meatal moving within magnetic field
B. a changing magnetic field surrounded by plastic wires
C. electricity Being applied to a magnet
Answer:
A generates electricity, the others do not
Explanation:
A point charge q = -6.0nC is located at the origin. The electric field (in N/C) vector at the point x = -8.0m, y= +1.5m is?
Answer:
Explanation:
The position between point charge q to x = -8.0 m and y = 1.5 m is:
[tex]r=\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}}=\sqrt{(-8)^{2}+(1.5)^{2}}=\sqrt{66.25}\approx 8.13[/tex] meter
Then the magnitude of the electric field E is:
[tex]E=\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_{o}} \frac{q}{r^{2}}=(9\times 10^{9}) \frac{6.0\times 10^{-9}}{66.25}\approx 0.81 N/C[/tex]
For the vector of E:
[tex]\tan\theta=\frac{1.5}{-8}=-0.1875 \rightarrow \theta = -10.61^{0}[/tex]
[tex]E_{x}=E\cos (-10.16)=(0.81)(0.984)=0.79704 N/C[/tex]
[tex]E_{y}=E\sin\theta = -0.81(0.184)=-0.14904 N/C[/tex]
[tex]\vec{E}=0.79704\hat{i}-0.14904\hat{j}[/tex] in N/C
Help pleasessssssssssssss
Sorry I had the answer but it wont let me type numbers :(.:
What are the Applications of electronic polarization?
Answer:
it can be used for communication, industrial application and also for instrumentation application
1. A listener stands 20.0 m from a speaker that pumps out music with a power output of 100.0 W.
a. What is surface area being vibrated by the time the sound reaches the listener (you may
have to look up the equation for the area of a sphere).
b. What is the intensity of the sound wave as it reaches the person listening?
c. What is the relative intensity of the sound as heard by the listener?
2. A police car siren has a frequency of 512 Hz. They are chasing a suspect at 65.0 m/s.
a. What is the speed of sound if the air temperature is 15.0o?
b. If the suspect is running away from the police car at 10.0 m/s, what is the frequency of
the sound he hears?
(1.a) The surface area being vibrated by the time the sound reaches the listener is 5,026.55 m².
(1.b) The intensity of the sound wave as it reaches the person listening is 0.02 W/m².
(1.c) The relative intensity of the sound as heard by the listener is 103 dB.
(2.a) The speed of sound if the air temperature is 15⁰C is 340.3 m/s.
(2.b) The frequency of the sound heard by the suspect is 614.3 Hz.
Surface area being vibratedThe surface area being vibrated by the time the sound reaches the listener is calculated as follows;
A = 4πr²
A = 4π x (20)²
A = 5,026.55 m²
Intensity of the soundThe intensity of the sound is calculated as follows;
I = P/A
I = (100) / (5,026.55)
I = 0.02 W/m²
Relative intensity of the sound[tex]B = 10log(\frac{I}{I_0} )\\\\B = 10 \times log(\frac{0.02}{10^{-12}} )\\\\B = 103 \ dB[/tex]
Speed of sound at the given temperature[tex]v= 331.3\sqrt{1 + \frac{T}{273} } \\\\v = 331.3\sqrt{1 + \frac{15}{273} } \\\\v = 340.3 \ m/s[/tex]
Frequency of the soundThe frequency of the sound heard is determined by applying Doppler effect.
[tex]f_o = f_s(\frac{v \pm v_0}{v \pm v_s} )[/tex]
where;
-v₀ is velocity of the observer moving away from the source-vs is the velocity of the source moving towards the observerfs is the source frequencyfo is the observed frequencyv is speed of sound[tex]f_0 = f_s(\frac{v-v_0}{v- v_s} )[/tex]
[tex]f_0 = 512(\frac{340.3 - 10}{340.3 - 65} )\\\\f_0 = 614.3 \ Hz[/tex]
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A body is piloted at a point. A force of 10 N is applied at a distance of 30 cm from the pivot. Find the amount of force about the pivot .
Question :-
A Body is Pivoted at a Point. A Force of 10 N is Applied at a Distance of 30 cm from the Pivot. Find the Amount of Force about the Pivot.Answer :-
Amount of Force is 3 Nm .Explanation :-
As per the provided information in the given question, The Force is given as 10 Newton . The Distance is given as 30 cm [ 0.3 m ] . And, we have been asked to calculate the Amount of Force .
For calculating the Force , we will use the Formula :-
[tex] \bigstar \: \: \: \boxed{ \: \sf {Moment \: of \: Force \: = \: Force \: \times \: Distance} \: } [/tex]
Therefore , by Substituting the given values in the above Formula :-
[tex] \dag \: \: \: \sf {Moment \: of \: Force \: = \: Force \: \times \: Distance} [/tex]
[tex] \longmapsto \: \: \: \sf {Moment \: of \: Force \: = \: 10 \: \times \: 0.3} [/tex]
[tex] \longmapsto \: \: \: \textbf {\textsf {Moment \: of \: Force \: = \: 3}} [/tex]
Hence :-
Amount of Force = 0.3 Nm .[tex] \underline {\rule {185pt}{4pt}} [/tex]
Suppose a horse leans against a wall as in the figure below.
1.2 m
14 m
1
0.35 m
(0)
(a)
Calculate the force exerted on the wall assuming that force is horizontal and using the data in the schematic representation of the situation. Note that the force exerted on
the wall is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force exerted on the horse, keeping it in equilibrium. The total mass of the horse and rider is 575 kg. Take the
data to be accurate to three digits.
The force the horse and the rider exerts on the wall is equal to the weight combined acting in the opposite direction:
ForceGiven Data
mass of horse and rider = 575kgForce acting on wall = ??When a body of mass rests on a surface, it exerts a force equal to the weight of the mass but opposite in direct on the mass/object
hence the force is computed as
Force = mass * acceleration
Force = 575 * 9.81
Force = 5640.75N
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Two cars collide at an intersection. One car has a mass of 1300 kg and is
moving 12 m/s to the north, while the other has a mass of 1400 kg and is
moving 11 m/s to the south. What is their combined momentum?
O A. 31,000 kg m/s south
O B. 200 kg m/s north
O C. 31,000 kg m/s north
O D. 200 kg m/s south
Answer:B
Explanation:sorry they removed my answer for some reason.
Answer: B
Explanation: Sorry these brainly trolls deleted my first one
A heat engine exhausts 6000 J of heat while performing 2000 J of useful work.
Determine the efficiency of the engine
Answer:
Explanation:
The efficiency can be calculated by:
[tex]\eta = \frac{Q_{E}-Q_{W}}{Q_{E}}=\frac{6000-2000}{6000}=\frac{2}{3}[/tex]
or we can say it becomes approximately 66.7%
theshold frequency ???
Answer:
The threshold frequency is defined as the minimum frequency of the incident radiation below which photoelectric emission or emission of electrons is not possible. The threshold frequency refers to the frequency of light that will cause an electron to dislodge emit from the surface of the metal.
A garage hoist lifts a truck up 2 m above the ground in 15seconds.Find the power delivered to the truck (given 1000kg as the mass of the truck and gas 9.81m/s
The power delivered to the truck of mass 1000 kg that was lifted by a garage hoist, 2 m high above the ground in 15 seconds is 1308 W.
What is power?
Power can be deifned as the rate at which work is done.
To calculate the power delivered to the truck, we use the formula below.
Formula:
P = mgh/t.............. Equation 1Where:
P = Power delivered to the truckm = Mass of the truckh = Heightg = Acceleration due to gravityt = timeFrom the question,
Given:
m = 1000 kgh = 2 mt = 15 secondsg = 9.81 m/s²Subsitute these values into equation 1
P = (1000×2×9.81)/15P = 19620/15P = 1308 WHence, The power delivered to the truck of mass 1000 kg that was lifted by a garage hoist, 2 m high above the ground in 15 seconds is 1308 W.
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In the fishbowl, the glass, water, rocks, and plastic plants are in thermal equilibrium. This situation means the temperature of the rocks is...
Any electricity-charged object creates an electric field. Walking across the carpet in wool socks can create an electric charge. This observation is evidence for which characteristics of electrical forces?
Explanation:
they generate electricity by contact
When you jump, you exert a pushing force against the ground. Gravity pulls you back down. Why can a person jump higher on the moon than on Earth?
Answer:
This is because the force of gravity is much less on the moon than on the earth, therefore the person wont be pulled down much and will jump higher
Answer: This is because the force of gravity is much less on the moon than on the earth, therefore the person won't be pulled down much and will jump higher.
A car travel from A to B at a speed of 30km per hour the average speed of the car the whole journey is?
In a steam engine, steam in a cylinder expands against a piston, exerting 10 atm of external pressure. The volume of the cylinder increases by 10 L and simultaneously the steam cools, losing 3,000 kJ of energy to the surroundings. What is the change in energy of the steam
If steam in a cylinder expands against a piston, exerting 10 atm of external pressure, the change in energy of the steam is mathematically given as
dE= -3010 kJ
What is the change in energy of the steam?Generally, the equation for the workdone is mathematically given as
Work = - (pressure * Volume)
Therefore
w= - (10 x 10)
w= -100 L atm
In conclusion
dEnergy = q + work
dE = -3000 + -10.13
dE= -3010 kJ
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A parachute falling to the ground.
Answer:
a parachute falling to the ground is uniform
A physicist would not be consulted on the design for which of the following?
O
A. Golf balls
B. Curtains
C. Aircraft
D. Solar panels
A physicist would not be consulted on the design for Curtains because there is no scientific laws are used in the making of Curtains.
What is physicist?A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics. It studies the interactions of matter and energy in the physical universe.
So we can conclude that a physicist would not be consulted on the design for Curtains because there is no scientific laws are used in the making of Curtains.
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4. The period of the sound wave produced by a 440 Hz tuning fork is
Answer:
.002273 seconds
Explanation:
1/f = period
1/ 440 c/s = .002273 seconds
The picture shows an object resting on a balance.
The object on the balance weighs 0.500 kilograms.
The weight of an object is given by F = mg, where g = 9.8 m/s2. With what force does the object push down on the balance?
Choose the correct answer.
9.3 kg⋅m/s2
9.3 kg⋅m/s, 2
9.8 kg⋅m/s2
9.8 kg⋅m/s, 2
4.90 kg⋅m/s2
4.90 kg⋅m/s, 2
0.500 kg⋅m/s2
0.500 kg⋅m/s, 2
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Answer:
4.90kgm^-2
Explanation:
A car of mass 1200kg falls a vertical distance of 24m starting from rest what is the workdone by the force of gravity on the car?Use the work energy theorem to find the final velocity of the car just before it hits the water(Treat the as a point like object)
Answer:
PE (relative to water) = M g h
PE = 1200 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 * 24 m = 2.82E5 Joules
KE = PE when vehicle strikes water
1/2 M V^2 = 2.82E5
V = (2.82E5 * 2 / 1200)^1/2 = 21.7 m/s
Check:
M g h = 1/2 M V^2
V = (2 g h)^1/2 = (2 * 9.8 * 24)^1/2 = 21.7 m/s
A sound wave has a frequency of 350 Hz and a wavelength of 2.25m. At what speed will the
sound wave move? Show your work.
Answer:
787.5m/s
Explanation:
Speed = wavelength x frequency
speed = 2.25m x 350 Hz
= 787.5m/s
Question 5 of 10
Which of the following is most likely to happen when energy is transferred to
an object?
O A. The force on the object will decrease.
O B. The object will begin to move.
O C. The object will stay exactly the same.
O D. The mass of the object will increase.
Answer:
B: The object will start moving
Explanation:
If energy is transferred the object will definitely change so it can't be a. If you add energy the object will have more force so it cant be c. The mass of an object can't increase just by giving an object energy so it cant be d
The warning tag on a lawn mower states that it produces noise at a level of 91.0 dB. What is the intensity of this sound in watts per meter squared
For a lawnmower that produces noise at a level of 91.0 dB, the intensity of this sound is mathematically given as
I=1.26*10^-3W/m^2
What is the intensity of this sound in watts per meter squared?Generally, the equation for the sound is mathematically given as
B=(10dB)log10(1/1_0)
Therefore
91/10=log(I/10^{-12})
I=1.26*10^-3W/m^2
In conclusion, the intensity
I=1.26*10^-3W/m^2
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divide 48 into the ratio 2:4
A ball which is dropped from the top of building strikes the ground in 2.6 sec. Assume air resistance can be ignored. The height of the building is
approximately
