As the newly appointed City of New York Tax Commissioner, it is your primary responsibility to raise revenue and make the tax code more efficient. Therefore, there are several goods and services you should consider taxing or eliminating taxes on to bridge the $225 million budget gap in the City.
Below are the answers to your questions:1. Alcohol, tobacco, and gasoline are already heavily taxed. You should not raise these taxes any further because of the highly inelastic nature of these products. As such, an increase in taxes on these goods will have little impact on their demand, which means the amount of revenue generated will not be significant.2. Medical services, electricity, and fruits and vegetables are not taxed. Starting to tax them would be detrimental to the low-income earners and a burden to the already constrained medical facilities. They should, therefore, remain tax-free.3. The three goods or services that could be taxed to raise more revenue include:
Luxury goods: Items that people buy more of when they have more money, such as expensive cars and high-end jewelry.
Entertainment: Products and services that are meant for leisure and relaxation, such as movie tickets and cable TV.
Airline tickets: Given the heavy use of planes by business people and the wealthy, taxes on airline tickets could be increased, resulting in significant revenue generation.
4. The three goods that should have their taxes eliminated are:
Prescription drugs: As medication is a necessity for many people, it should be tax-free.
Baby items: These should be exempt from taxes since they are necessities for young parents.
School supplies: Tax exemptions on school supplies such as textbooks and stationery will provide relief to parents.
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Discuss in detail the content of a typical business plan.
A typical business plan is a comprehensive document that outlines the key aspects of a business, including its objectives, strategies, operations, financial projections, and marketing plans.
While the specific content may vary depending on the nature of the business and its intended audience, here are the key components usually included in a business plan:
Executive Summary: This section provides an overview of the entire business plan, highlighting the key points and goals of the business.
Company Description: It outlines the nature of the business, its mission statement, legal structure, ownership, and key management personnel.
Market Analysis: This section presents a thorough analysis of the target market, including its size, growth potential, customer demographics, and competitive landscape.
Products or Services: It describes the products or services offered by the business, their unique selling points, and any intellectual property or technological advantages.
Marketing and Sales Strategy: This section outlines the marketing and sales approach, including pricing, distribution channels, promotional activities, and customer acquisition strategies.
Organization and Management: It provides an overview of the organizational structure, key roles and responsibilities, and the qualifications of the management team.
Operational Plan: This section details the day-to-day operations of the business, including production processes, facilities, technology requirements, and logistics.
Financial Projections: It includes projected financial statements, such as income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements, along with assumptions and financial ratios.
Risk Analysis: It identifies potential risks and challenges the business may face, along with mitigation strategies to address them.
Implementation Timeline: This section outlines the key milestones, timelines, and action plans for the execution of the business strategies.
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a. A married couple earned $99,000 in 2020 . How much did they pay in taxes? (Use the tax rates presented in Iable 3.6 ) Note: Do not round intermediate calculations. b. What was their marginal tax bracket? c. What was their average tax bracket?
Their average tax bracket is approximately 16%.
a) The married couple who earned $99,000 in 2020 will pay $12,839.50 in taxes. Here is the breakdown of how we arrived at that calculation:
For the first $19,750, they pay 10% tax, which comes out to $1,975.
For the next $60,500 ($80,250 - $19,750), they pay 12% tax, which comes out to $7,260.
Lastly, for the remaining $18,750 ($99,000 - $80,250), they pay 22% tax, which comes out to $4,604.50.
Adding these amounts together gives us the total tax paid of $1,975 + $7,260 + $4,604.50 = $12,839.50.
b) The marginal tax bracket for the married couple is 22%.
This is because their last dollar earned falls in the 22% tax bracket.
c) To calculate their average tax bracket, we divide their total tax paid ($12,839.50) by their total taxable income ($80,250).
This gives us:
$$\frac {12,839.50}{80,250} \ approx 0.16$$
So their average tax bracket is approximately 16%.
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If you face significant pressures to reduce the costs of
production, exporting is a better option than licensing. Group of
answer choices True False
If you are facing significant pressures to reduce the costs of production, exporting is a better option than licensing. This statement is false.
Here's why: When it comes to exporting, it requires a lot of investment, effort, and time. The company has to have its own manufacturing unit, packaging, and shipping facilities, among other things.
Therefore, in order to be successful in exporting, the company must invest a lot of money and time upfront and work hard to maintain its presence in the foreign market.
Licensing, on the other hand, is a much less expensive option. It is the process of allowing another firm to use your company's intellectual property, such as trademarks, patents, copyrights, and trade secrets. By licensing your intellectual property to other firms, you can earn royalties, which can help to offset your production costs. This allows you to keep your costs down while still earning revenue from the products you produce.
While exporting is a viable option, it requires a lot of investment and effort. Licensing, on the other hand, is a less expensive option that allows companies to offset their production costs while still earning revenue from their intellectual property.
Therefore, the statement "If you face significant pressures to reduce the costs of production, exporting is a better option than licensing" is false.
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Evolution of the Web and Social Media
When people access the Internet, they are most likely using the World Wide Web (WWW). It was created in 1989 but has changed significantly over the years. Where do you think we are currently in the evolution of the web?
How would you describe Web 2.0, Web 3.0, and the metaverse to someone who has not taken a course in information systems?
What do you see as the pros and cons of social media from personal, societal, and an organizational viewpoint?
The evolution of the web and social media has been impressive in the recent past. The web has significantly changed since its invention in 1989. Currently, we are in the fourth generation of the web. The first generation of the web was characterized by simple HTML sites that facilitated the distribution of information. The second generation (Web 2.0) was characterized by more interactive websites that facilitate the sharing of user-generated content.
The third generation (Web 3.0) was characterized by artificial intelligence and machine learning. The fourth generation of the web is based on immersive technologies, which include augmented and virtual reality. The metaverse is a virtual space that is intended to create an immersive experience. It is essentially a virtual version of the real world that allows users to interact with digital content using an avatar. Web 2.0 is a term that describes a new generation of websites that enable collaboration, sharing, and interaction between users. Web 3.0 refers to the semantic web, which is an intelligent and intuitive web that has machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies to enable machines to understand human language and communicate with humans naturally. The pros of social media are that they facilitate the connection of people, allow people to share and create content, and enable people to network. The cons are that they lead to addiction, depression, and anxiety, facilitate the spread of false information, and facilitate cyberbullying and harassment. From a societal perspective, social media is essential as it facilitates communication and can be used for activism, but it can also be detrimental as it can contribute to social isolation and echo chambers. From an organizational perspective, social media can help in brand awareness and marketing, but it can also lead to a loss of productivity due to distraction.
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Production improvement option B (with capital costs of $1.6 million per million pairs of production capacity and annual depreciation costs of 10% ) that reduces production run setup costs by 50% each year makes the most economic sense in which one of the following circumstances? Company managers expect to produce 350 models/styles and 4 million pairs of branded footwear on an ongoing basis at a 4-million pair capacity facility in Europe-Africa-annual production run setup costs for 350 models are $9 million. Company managers expect to produce 350 models/styles and 6 million pairs of branded footwear on an ongoing basis at a 6-million pair capacity facility in the Asia-Pacific-annual production run setup costs for 350 models of branded footwear are $9 million. Company managers expect to produce 250 models/styles and 3 million pairs of branded footwear on an ongoing basis at a 3-million pair capacity facility in Europe-Africa-annual production run setup costs for 250 models are $6.0 million. A company's strategy is to pursue actions that will reduce production costs per pair produced at each of its production facilities to as low a level as possible-lowering production run setup costs helps achieve this strategic objective; therefore, installing option B should be done at each of the company's production facilities, irrespective of facility capacity and number of models to be produced. Company managers expect to produce 350 models/styles and 2 million pairs of branded footwear on an ongoing basis at a new 2-million pair capacity facility in Europe-Africa-annual production run setup costs for 350 models of branded footwear are $9 million.
The other given options do not justify the economic sense of production improvement option B. Thus, option B is correct.
Option B with capital costs of $1.6 million per million pairs of production capacity and annual depreciation costs of 10% that reduces production run setup costs by 50% each year makes the most economic sense in the following circumstance:
A company's strategy is to pursue actions that will reduce production costs per pair produced at each of its production facilities to as low a level as possible-lowering production run setup costs helps achieve this strategic objective; therefore, installing option B should be done at each of the company's production facilities, irrespective of facility capacity and number of models to be produced.
The given statement concludes that the production improvement option B that reduces production run setup costs by 50% each year is most economic and makes sense when a company's strategy is to reduce production costs per pair produced at each of its production facilities to as low a level as possible-lowering production run setup costs helps achieve this strategic objective; therefore, installing option B should be done at each of the company's production facilities, irrespective of facility capacity and number of models to be produced.
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XYZ is contemplating either the outright purchase today or a lease of a major piece of machinery and wants you to recommend which would be preferable – lease or buy. The following are the terms associated with each option:
Purchase Price Option = $1,000,000
Incremental Borrowing Rate = 5%
Estimated Life of Asset = 15 Years
Lease Payments = $90,000/year for 15 Years with a $1 Purchase Option at the end of the lease.
How does the analysis in Question 1 change if the purchase option is $100,000 at the end of the lease instead of $1?
How does the analysis in Question 1 change if the incremental borrowing rate is 10%?
XYZ is considering purchasing Struggle Industries. XYZ has a required internal ROI for considering target acquisitions of 15% over ten years for new additions. The following are some of the critical financial information of XYZ. Determine what purchase price XYZ would be willing to consider for Struggle Industries given the following future estimated financial information for Struggle.
In Question 3 above, determine what the purchase price would change if XYZ could reduce its overhead expenses by $100,000 per year due to acquiring Struggle.
In Question 3 above, determine how the results might change if Struggle was a foreign company and any generated earnings that XYZ would look to repatriate were subject to a 10% tax.
XYZ has a facility that requires HVAC expenses of $100,000/year. It can put in solar panels at $500,000, reducing this cost by $40,000/year. The solar panels should last for 25 years before they will need to be replaced. XYZ’s incremental borrowing rate is 5%. Is this something you would recommend?
In Question 7, assume XYZ has an alternative use of the funding that would grow its operations. It would invest much in marketing costs that it believes would result in increased revenues of $50,000/year in three years (i.e., Years 4 through 25 would see the benefit) after the initial investment. Is this a better use of the funds provided in Question 7?
XYZ has an operation that currently generates $250,000 in profits. It believes it can build a new factory for $1,000,000 to create earnings in the following stream over ten years.
Years 1-3 = $0
Years 2-6 = $150,000/year
Years 7-10 = $200,000/year
It can borrow the money it needs for this investment at 5%. Is this something it should do?
How would your answer change if an equity infusion will fund the money for this factory and the new stockholders require an ROI for any new investments of 7%?
Question 1:XYZ is contemplating either the outright purchase today or a lease of a major piece of machinery and wants you to recommend which would be preferable – lease or buy.
The following are the terms associated with each option:Purchase Price Option = $1,000,000Incremental Borrowing Rate = 5%Estimated Life of Asset = 15 YearsLease Payments = $90,000/year for 15 Years with a $1 Purchase Option at the end of the lease.How does the analysis in Question 1 change if the purchase option is $100,000 at the end of the lease instead of $1?If the purchase option is $100,000 at the end of the lease, the analysis in question 1 would change as follows:Lease:PV of lease payments= (1-(1/1.05^15)/0.05)*90,000=1,002,444.35PV of purchase option= 100,000/1.05^15=37,230.28
Total cost of lease= $1,002,444.35+$37,230.28=$1,039,674.63Purchase:PV of the purchase price= 1,000,000/1.05^15=$340,537.64Question 2:How does the analysis in Question 1 change if the incremental borrowing rate is 10%?If the incremental borrowing rate is 10%, the analysis in question 1 would change as follows:Lease:PV of lease payments= (1-(1/1.10^15)/0.10)*90,000=867,229.91PV of purchase option= 1/1.10^15*100,000=8,810.20Total cost of lease= $867,229.91+$8,810.20=$876,040.11Purchase:PV of the purchase price= 1,000,000/1.10^15=$94,902.98Question 3:XYZ is considering purchasing Struggle Industries. XYZ has a required internal ROI for considering target acquisitions of 15% over ten years for new additions. The following are some of the critical financial information of XYZ.
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Who was Irving Fisher and what is he known for? Who was Milton Friedman? Explain the Quantity Theory of Money, (equation), and explain the controversy over the concepts of ‘velocity’ and the demand for money? Using the ‘Money Market graph’, show how a ‘Keynesian" and a ‘Monetarist’ view the dilemma, (and potential instability), of targeting either interest rates or money supply? Why are the ‘Monetarists’ less important now?
Irving FisherIrving Fisher was an economist from the United States who lived from 1867 to 1947. He was an advocate of the modern-day Quantity Theory of Money and was among the founders of the American Economic Association in 1885. He is best recognized for his debt-deflation theory, which is linked with the Great Depression.
He also played a role in the foundation of the Econometric Society, which was established in 1930. Fisher is well known for his expertise in the field of monetary economics, particularly in the context of the interwar period of the twentieth century, when he was one of the most important economists. Milton FriedmanMilton Friedman is an American economist and Nobel Laureate who was born in 1912 and died in 2006. He worked as an adviser to President Ronald Reagan during his first administration in the 1980s.
His research areas were macroeconomics and monetary economics, and he was well-known for his work on the role of money in the economy and the implications of monetary policy. He was a champion of monetarism, which advocated for a monetary policy that targeted the money supply, and he argued that it was critical for economic stability. He also contributed to the development of the Quantity Theory of Money, which stipulates that the total amount of money in an economy is directly proportional to the price level.
Friedman argued that this relationship could be utilized to predict inflation rates. Quantity Theory of Money The Quantity Theory of Money (QTM) is a principle in monetary economics that attempts to explain the connection between the money supply and price levels in an economy. The equation of the Quantity Theory of Money is MV = PT.
The variables in this equation are as follows:
M refers to the money supply,
V refers to the velocity of money,
P refers to the price level, and
T refers to the total output in an economy.
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which stage of the product life cycle is characterized by narrowing profit margins and the goal of attracting new customers
The stage of the product life cycle characterized by narrowing profit margins and the goal of attracting new customers is the maturity stage.
In this stage, the product has already gained widespread market acceptance, competition has intensified, and the market becomes saturated. As a result, profit margins tend to decrease due to price competition. To sustain growth and profitability, companies focus on attracting new customers through marketing efforts, product differentiation, and exploring new market segments. They may also seek to extend the product's life cycle through product updates, enhancements, or targeted promotions to maintain customer interest and stay competitive in the market.
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Cost of capital - Generally, is the cost of capital for
investing in international countries more or less than in domestic
countries? Explain why.
The cost of capital for investing in international countries is more than in domestic countries.
Cost of capital generally refers to the rate of return that investors require from a company in order to invest their money in it.
As per the cost of capital is concerned, generally, the cost of capital for investing in international countries is more than in domestic countries.
The reason for this is as follows:
Risk Factor:
The risk of investment increases when we invest in foreign countries.
The risk factor includes factors such as the economy, political stability, foreign exchange risk, tax laws, and so on.
As a result, investors require a higher rate of return for investing their money in international countries.
Inflation:
Inflation can have a significant impact on the cost of capital.
Since inflation rates vary from country to country, the cost of capital will also be impacted.
As a result, the cost of capital may be greater in foreign countries than in domestic countries.
Taxes:
Tax laws vary from country to country.
Foreign investments are frequently subjected to more rigorous tax requirements than domestic investments.
As a result, the cost of capital may be more expensive in foreign countries.
The language barrier may also have an impact on the cost of capital.
The language barrier may raise the cost of capital since businesses may require additional assistance to navigate the complexities of operating in a foreign country.
As a result, investing in international countries would have a higher cost of capital.
Therefore, the cost of capital for investing in international countries is more than in domestic countries.
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billion shares outstanding and a share price of $18.66. Quisco is considering developing a new networking product in house at a cost of $514 million. Alternatively, Quisco can acquire a firm that already has the technology for $927 million worth (at the current price) of Quisco stock. Suppose that absent the expense of the new technology, Quisco will have EPS of $0.66. a. Suppose Quisco develops the product in house. What impact would the development cost have on Quisco's EPS? Assume all costs are incurred this year and are treated as an R\&D expense, Quisco's tax rate is 35%, and the number of shares outstanding is unchanged. b. Suppose Quisco does not develop the product in house but instead acquires the technology. What effect would the acquisition have on Quisco's EPS this year? (Note that acquisition expenses do not appear directly on the income statement. Assume the firm was acquired at the start of the year and has no revenues or expenses of its own, so that the only effect on EPS is due to the change in the number of shares outstanding.) c. Which method of acquiring the technology has a smaller impact on earnings? Is this method cheaper? Explain. a. Suppose Quisco develops the product in house. What impact would the development cost have on Quisco's EPS? Assume all costs are incurred this year and are treated as an R\&D expense, Quisco's tax rate is 35%, and the number of shares outstanding is unchanged. Quisco's new EPS would bes (Round to the nearest cent.) b. Suppose Quisco does not develop the product in house but instead acquires the technology. What effect would the acquisition have on Quisco's EPS this year? (Note that acquisition expenses do not appear directly on the income statement. Assume the firm was acquired at the start of the year and has no revenues or expenses of its own, so that the only effect on EPS is due to the change in the number of shares outstanding.) Quisco's EPS with the purchase is $ (Round to the nearest cent.)
Given data: Billion shares outstanding and a share price of $18.66. Quisco is considering developing a new networking product in-house at a cost of $514 million. Alternatively, Quisco can acquire a firm that already has the technology for $927 million worth (at the current price) of Quisco stock.
Annual EPS of Quisco without new technology, i.e., EPS = $0.66, Tax rate of Quisco = 35%, Number of shares outstanding remains the same.
Solution: a) Development of product in-house:
Impact of development cost on EPS = Cost of new technology / Shares outstanding * (1 - Tax rate) = $514 million / billion
shares * (1 - 0.35) = -0.20 cents
Thus, Quisco's new EPS would be $0.66 - 0.20 = $0.46.
b) Acquisition of technology by the firm:
EPS = Annual EPS * Shares outstanding / (Shares outstanding + shares issued to acquire technology) * (1 - Tax rate) =
$0.66 * billion shares / (billion shares + $927 million / $18.66 per share) * (1 - 0.35)= $0.54
Thus, Quisco's EPS with the purchase is $0.54.
c) We can compare the impact of earnings from part a and part b. Quisco's EPS would be higher with the purchase of the technology, which is $0.54 as compared to in-house development, which is $0.46. Thus, buying the firm has a smaller impact on earnings. This method is cheaper since buying a firm costs $927 million whereas in-house development costs $514 million.
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(Hypothetical) Suppose the Fed's Open Market Committee has decided that the federal funds rate should be 1% instead of the current rate of 2%. The appropriate open market action is to Treasury bills to money sell; decrease; supply buy; increase; supply sell; decrease; demand buy; increase; demand Question 18 (Mandatory) (2.5 points) A central bank can help stop a bank panic by raising the required reserve ratio. acting as a lender of last resort. calling in consumer loans. decreasing income taxes.
When the Federal Open Market Committee of the Federal Reserve decides to reduce the federal funds rate, the appropriate open market action is to buy; increase; supply Treasury bills to money.
The Fed lowers the federal funds rate by supplying more reserves to the banking system. Treasury bills to money supply have a direct impact on interest rates and can have a powerful impact on the economy's growth. An increase in the money supply will decrease interest rates, making it easier to borrow money and contribute to an increase in economic activity.
The term market demand refers to the total quantity of a product or service that consumers are willing and able to buy at a specific price. The federal funds rate affects the availability and cost of credit, influencing market interest rates, which affects consumer and business spending, which in turn affects the overall economic growth and inflation.
A central bank can help stop a bank panic by acting as a lender of last resort. During a bank panic, depositors rush to withdraw their money from a bank, causing the bank to experience a liquidity shortage and potential failure. To avoid this, central banks can provide loans to troubled banks to meet their short-term liquidity needs, ensuring that they can continue to operate and serve their depositors. This helps maintain confidence in the banking system and prevents the spread of panic to other banks.
The other options mentioned in the question, such as raising the required reserve ratio, calling in consumer loans, or decreasing income taxes, are not effective measures to stop a bank panic and may even exacerbate the situation.
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PLEASE DO NOT COPY FROM OTHER CHEGG ANSWERS
Explain the importance of marketing control and select what you
think are the key considerations in the marketing control process.
Justify your ideas using
Marketing control refers to the process of evaluating the actual marketing performance, with the purpose of identifying and rectifying deviations from marketing objectives. It ensures that the marketing plans are being implemented correctly and are meeting the goals and objectives of the organization.
Thus, it is important for an organization to undertake marketing control. The following are key considerations in the marketing control process:
1. Setting marketing goals and objectives: The first step in the marketing control process is to set clear goals and objectives that define what the organization wants to achieve. The goals should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). This helps in evaluating the actual marketing performance of the organization.
2. Establishing performance standards: Once the marketing goals and objectives have been set, the next step is to establish performance standards. Performance standards are the criteria against which actual performance is measured. These standards should be realistic, achievable, and measurable.
3. Measuring actual performance: The actual marketing performance is measured by comparing it with the established performance standards. This involves collecting data on the various marketing activities, such as sales, customer feedback, market share, etc.
4. Analyzing deviations from standards: The next step is to analyze the deviations from the established standards. This helps in identifying the reasons for the deviations and taking corrective action.
5. Taking corrective action: The final step in the marketing control process is to take corrective action. This involves taking steps to correct the deviations from the established standards.
The corrective action may involve changing the marketing plan, revising the marketing goals and objectives, or changing the performance standards. The corrective action ensures that the organization is on track to achieving its marketing objectives.
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Please take a look at 1.O.U.S.A documentary. It has closed captioning and a transcript as well. America faces four serious deficits today and one of them is a budget deficit. Explain how the United States got in this situation.
O.U.S.A is a documentary that discusses the four significant deficits that the United States of America faces today, including budget deficit. The film reveals that the nation's budget deficit has increased substantially, and there are several reasons behind the same.
These reasons have contributed to the United States' financial woes over the past few years. Therefore, let's delve into the reasons that led the US into the budget deficit.First, the United States has been involved in expensive wars, including the Iraq War and the War in Afghanistan. These wars have consumed enormous resources, which has led to a massive financial burden on the nation. The government had to borrow money to finance the wars, which increased the nation's debt, which was already on the rise. Therefore, the US government spent a considerable amount of money on the wars and borrowed more to fund other activities, which created a budget deficit.
Second, the government has increased its spending on social security programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, and other safety net programs. The government has also increased its expenditure on military spending, education, and infrastructure. However, it has failed to generate enough revenue to finance the programs, which has created a budget deficit.Third, the government has given large tax breaks to corporations and wealthy individuals. The tax cuts have resulted in a reduction in the government's revenue, which has made it difficult to finance the budget.
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tahl Inc. produces three separate products from a common process costing $100,100. Each of the products can be sold at the split-off point or can be processed further and then sold for a higher price. Shown below are cost and selling price data for a recent period. Sales Value at Split-Off Point $59,700 15,800 55,400 Product 10 Product 12 Product 14 Cost to Process Further $100,100 30,800 149,700 Sales Value after Further Processing $191,000 34,700 214,000 Determine total net income if all products are sold at the split-off point. Net income $ 30800 e Textbook and Media Determine total net income if all products are sold after further processing. Net income $ e Textbook and Media Calculate incremental profit/(loss) and determine which products should be sold at the split-off point and which should be processed further. (Enter negative amounts using either a negative sign preceding the number e.g. -45 or parentheses e.g. (45).) Incremental profit (loss) Decision Product Product 10 $ Product 12 $ Product 14 $ e Textbook and Media Calculate incremental profit/(loss) and determine which products should be sold at the split-off point and which should be processed further. (Enter negative amounts using either a negative sign preceding the number e.g. -45 or parentheses e.g. (45).) Product Incremental profit (loss) Decision Product 10 $ Product 12 $ Should be processed further Should be sold at the split-off point Product 14 $ eTextbook and Media Determine total net income using the results from previous part. Net income $ Is the net income different from that determined in part(b)? sunet income is by $ I e Textbook and Media Save for Later
Process Costing is a process by which an individual or a firm can find out the cost incurred in making a product. Tahl Inc. is a firm that produces three separate products from a common process. They are Product 10, Product 12, and Product 14.
The cost of production is $100,100. Each of the products can be sold at the split-off point or can be processed further and then sold for a higher price.The cost and selling price data for a recent period are given in the following table.
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The following information pertains to UWC Company, from Vancouver, BC, and its product "Magic Gimmick"
Selling price per unit of "Magic Gimmick": $45.00
Direct material cost per kg: $2.00
Direct labour cost per unit: $1.20
Variable overhead cost per unit: $0.80
Material required per unit: 2kg
Other variable expenses per unit: $0.60
Annual fixed costs:
Advertising: $15,000
Fixed manufacturing: $60,000
Other fixed expenses: $8,000
You are a newly minted MBA and your boss knows that you are able to answer his questions.
Therefore, he asks you for a formal memo which he plans to use with various stakeholders (i.e. senior mgmt., banks, etc.) in which you answer his 3/three questions:
1. What is the break even point in both units and sales dollars?
Memorandum To: Senior Management From: Name, newly minted MBA Subject: Break Even Analysis for UWC Company Dear Senior Management, I am writing to provide you with a break-even analysis for UWC Company.
Break-even point (units) = Fixed Costs / Contribution Margin per unit
Contribution margin per unit = Selling price per unit - Variable costs per unit
Variable costs per unit = Direct material cost per unit + Direct labour cost per unit + Variable overhead cost per unit + Other variable expenses per unit= $2.00 + $1.20 + $0.80 + $0.60= $4.60
Contribution margin per unit = Selling price per unit - Variable costs per unit
= $45.00 - $4.60
= $40.40
Break-even point (units) = Fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit
= $15,000 + $60,000 + $8,000 / $40.40
= 3,660 units
To calculate the break-even point in sales dollars, we can use the following formula:
Break-even point (sales dollars) = Fixed costs / Contribution margin ratio
Contribution margin ratio = Contribution margin per unit / Selling price per unit
= $40.40 / $45.00
= 0.898
Break-even point (sales dollars) = Fixed costs / Contribution margin ratio
= $15,000 + $60,000 + $8,000 / 0.898
= $92,315
The break-even point for UWC Company is 3,660 units or $92,315 in sales dollars.
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2. this status is conferred by a state regulatory agency giving an individual permission to practice their trade
The status being referred to is a professional license. A professional license is a permission granted by a state regulatory agency to an individual allowing them to practice their trade or profession.
This license is typically required for occupations that have the potential to impact public health, safety, or welfare.Obtaining a professional license involves meeting certain criteria, which may include completing specific education or training requirements, passing examinations, and demonstrating competency in the field. Once the requirements are met, the regulatory agency grants the license, which gives the individual the legal authority to practice their trade or profession.
For example, a doctor needs to obtain a medical license in order to practice medicine, and a lawyer needs a license to practice law. These licenses ensure that professionals have met the necessary qualifications and adhere to professional standards in their respective fields.In summary, the status referred to in the question is a professional license, which is granted by a state regulatory agency to individuals to practice their trade or profession.
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retained executive recruiters are paid whether or not they eventually fill the client's vacant position.
true or false?
Retained executive recruiters are paid whether or not they eventually fill the client's vacant position. This statement is TRUE. Retained executive recruiters are often employed by companies to assist them in locating the best-suited candidates for executive positions.
They are paid whether or not they are successful in filling the vacant position .The payment method for retained executive recruiters is referred to as a retainer payment. This fee compensates the recruiter for their time and effort, as well as their expertise in the field. In this method, the company pays an upfront fee to the recruiting firm to conduct a search for a particular position. The payment is not contingent on whether the firm fills the position or not.
On the other hand, contingency recruiters are only paid if the candidate they provide is selected for the position. This type of recruiter is paid on a commission basis, which is usually a percentage of the new employee's first-year salary. In conclusion, retained executive recruiters are paid whether or not they eventually fill the client's vacant position.
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Explain a S.W.O.T analysis and environmental scan. State what the acronym C.R.E.S.T. stands for and how it is applied.
S.W.O.T analysis is the examination of a business's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. It is a comprehensive strategy that involves identifying and assessing these four elements in order to help a company make better decisions.
C.R.E.S.T. stands for Critical Resources, Events, Systems, and Threats. It's a tool used to identify and evaluate the potential impact of external factors on an organization's performance and success. The following explains how C.R.E.S.T. is applied to a business. Environmental ScanIt is the method of gathering information on factors that are likely to influence a company's performance and activities.
It aids in the identification of a company's competitive advantage, as well as any threats that may impede its success.
Here are a few ways to conduct an environmental scan:
Scan for competitors - determine the competition and identify their strengths and weaknesses by examining the competition's marketing techniques and the products or services they offer. Scan for trends - It aids in the identification of industry and consumer trends that may influence business operations. Scan for technology - determine the influence that technology may have on a company's operations and overall performance. C.R.E.S.T.
Analysis Critical Resources - The elements that are essential to a business's operation or performance are referred to as critical resources. It aids in the identification of a company's strengths and weaknesses.
Event - These are the factors that are beyond a company's control but that may have a significant impact on its operations. It is critical to keep track of any potential events and to develop a contingency plan. System - It refers to a company's internal procedures, regulations, and structures that enable it to perform effectively.
To improve performance and promote success, it is critical to evaluate and optimize these processes and structures.
Threats - These are the environmental and internal forces that can harm a company's operations and reputation. Identifying and mitigating threats is critical to a company's success.
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Explain the differences between copyrights, trademarks,
patents and trade secrets.
Describe the fair-use doctrine.
Describe the major forms of business
organization.
Copyrights are legal protections for original works of authorship such as novels, songs, computer software, and works of art. Trademarks are used to safeguard names, logos, slogans, and other distinctive elements that identify a product or service from its competitors. The fair-use doctrine is a legal principle that permits the limited use of copyrighted material without the copyright owner’s consent. The major forms of business organization include Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Limited Liability Company (LLC), and Corporation.
Copyrights, trademarks, patents, and trade secrets are different kinds of intellectual property (IP) rights. Here are the differences among them: CopyrightsCopyrights are legal protections for original works of authorship such as novels, songs, computer software, and works of art. The copyright owner has the exclusive right to use, distribute, and display the work. The copyright lasts for the life of the author plus 70 years after their death. TrademarksTrademarks are used to safeguard names, logos, slogans, and other distinctive elements that identify a product or service from its competitors. Trademark rights are protected for as long as the company continues to use them.PatentsPatents protect useful innovations, such as machines, processes, and chemical compositions, for a period of 20 years from the date of application. This protection is given in return for disclosing how the invention works. Trade secrets refer to confidential information that gives a company a competitive advantage, such as a formula for a soft drink or a recipe for a restaurant’s sauce. Trade secrets are protected as long as the information remains secret.
The fair-use doctrine is a legal principle that permits the limited use of copyrighted material without the copyright owner’s consent. This is generally used for purposes such as criticism, commentary, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. To qualify as fair use, the use must be transformative and not harm the potential market for the original work.
The major forms of business organization include:
1. Sole Proprietorship: This is a business that is owned and run by one person.
2. Partnership: This is a business that is owned and run by two or more people.
3. Limited Liability Company (LLC): This is a business structure that combines the limited liability of a corporation with the tax benefits of a partnership.
4. Corporation: This is a legal entity that is separate from its owners. It has its own legal rights and obligations, and the owners have limited liability for the company’s debts.
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Copyrights are legal protections for original works of authorship such as novels, songs, computer software, and works of art. Trademarks are used to safeguard names, logos, slogans, and other distinctive elements that identify a product or service from its competitors. The fair-use doctrine is a legal principle that permits the limited use of copyrighted material without the copyright owner’s consent. The major forms of business organization include Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Limited Liability Company (LLC), and Corporation.
Copyrights, trademarks, patents, and trade secrets are different kinds of intellectual property (IP) rights. Here are the differences among them: CopyrightsCopyrights are legal protections for original works of authorship such as novels, songs, computer software, and works of art. The copyright owner has the exclusive right to use, distribute, and display the work. The copyright lasts for the life of the author plus 70 years after their death. TrademarksTrademarks are used to safeguard names, logos, slogans, and other distinctive elements that identify a product or service from its competitors. Trademark rights are protected for as long as the company continues to use them.PatentsPatents protect useful innovations, such as machines, processes, and chemical compositions, for a period of 20 years from the date of application. This protection is given in return for disclosing how the invention works. Trade secrets refer to confidential information that gives a company a competitive advantage, such as a formula for a soft drink or a recipe for a restaurant’s sauce. Trade secrets are protected as long as the information remains secret.
The fair-use doctrine is a legal principle that permits the limited use of copyrighted material without the copyright owner’s consent. This is generally used for purposes such as criticism, commentary, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. To qualify as fair use, the use must be transformative and not harm the potential market for the original work.
The major forms of business organization include:
1. Sole Proprietorship: This is a business that is owned and run by one person.
2. Partnership: This is a business that is owned and run by two or more people.
3. Limited Liability Company (LLC): This is a business structure that combines the limited liability of a corporation with the tax benefits of a partnership.
4. Corporation: This is a legal entity that is separate from its owners. It has its own legal rights and obligations, and the owners have limited liability for the company’s debts.
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Due to Covid lockdowns, interstate transportation becomes difficult. Meanwhile, construction work is viewed as essential and therefore not affected by lockdowns. Use a demand and supply graph to explain how the lockdowns affect the equilibrium price and quantity. (5 points)
2.6. After the equilibrium change in 2.5, the government introduces tax benefits for house renovation to stimulate the economy. As a result, there is an increase in construction projects. How do the tax benefits change the equilibrium in the timber market? (5 points)
2.7. Bushfires are more likely to happen in summer. If a bushfire happens again in the coming summer, how would you expect it to affect the timber market? (5 points)
2.8. Consider the setup in 2.1-2.4, and suppose the government introduces a subsidy of t=1 dollar to the buyers for every unit of timber purchased. Calculate the new equilibrium quantity, and use a demand and supply graph to explain how the subsidy affects the equilibrium price and quantity. (5 points)
The demand and the supply of timber for construction in Australia are given by
QD =120 – 20P
QS = 40P
We assume the market is perfectly competitive
1. Due to Covid lockdowns, the equilibrium price and quantity of timber will decrease.
The decrease in interstate transportation reduces the demand for timber, shifting the demand curve to the left, resulting in a lower equilibrium price and quantity.
In more detail, the Covid lockdowns restrict interstate transportation, which affects the construction industry's ability to access timber from different regions. This leads to a decrease in the demand for timber, shifting the demand curve to the left. As a result, the equilibrium price and quantity of timber decrease, as the reduced demand meets the unchanged supply curve at a lower price and quantity.
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9. Calculating Annuity Values If you deposit $5,000 at the end of each year for the next 20 years into an account paying 10.1 percent interest, how much money will you have in the account in 20 years? How much will you have if you make deposits for 40 years?
10. Calculating Perpetuity Values Larry's Life Insurance Co. is trying to sell you an investment policy that will pay you and your heirs $25,000 per year forever. If the required return on this investment is 4 percent, how much will you pay for the policy?
11. Calculating Perpetuity Values In the previous problem, suppose Larry's told you the policy costs $645,000. At what interest rate would this be a fair deal?
9. Annuity Values:To calculate the future value of annuity, we use the formula as follows :FV = Pmt[(1 + r) n - 1] / r Where :FV = future value of annuity Pmt = amount deposited each year r = interest rate n = number of deposits Thus, at the end of 20 years, the future value of the annuity is:FV = 5,000[(1.101)20 - 1] / 0.101 FV = $202,732.38.
And, if the person makes deposits for 40 years, the future value of the annuity would be:FV = 5,000[(1.101)40 - 1] / 0.101 FV = $909,835.91 Therefore, if the person makes deposits for 40 years, the future value of the annuity would be $909,835.91.10. Perpetuity Values:To calculate the price of the policy, we use the formula as follows:P = A / r Where:P = price of the policy A = annuity r = interest rate Thus, if the required return on the investment is 4%, then the price of the policy would be:P = 25,000 / 0.04 P = $625,000 .
Therefore, the price of the policy is $625,000.11. Calculating Perpetuity Values:To calculate the interest rate at which the policy would be a fair deal, we use the formula as follows:r = A / P Where:r = interest rate A = annuity P = price of the policy Thus, if the price of the policy is $645,000, then the interest rate at which this would be a fair deal is:r = 25,000 / 645,000 r = 0.0388 or 3.88%Therefore, at the interest rate of 3.88%, the price of the policy is $645,000, which is a fair deal.
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3. Give at least 2 strategies and 2 concrete examples to manage shortages of employees in a multinational organization. Identify a global company you know which has adopted these strategies.
Employee shortages in a multinational organization can be very challenging and complex. The organizations must ensure that there are enough employees to meet the demands of the market and fulfill customer orders. As a result, here are some strategies that can be employed to manage these shortages:
Strategies to manage shortages of employees in a multinational organization1. Outsourcing: This is a popular method utilized by multinational companies to manage employee shortages. Outsourcing is the act of contracting the services of a company to perform tasks on behalf of the organization. This strategy helps in getting the required workforce quickly and cost-effectively. It also gives the organization access to skilled workers who can provide specialized services.
2. Talent Development: To combat employee shortages, companies can develop their employees’ skills by providing regular training. It helps to increase employees’ productivity and motivation, which can reduce the likelihood of them leaving the organization.
Employees that feel like they are growing and developing within the company are more likely to stay. Additionally, developing employees’ skills ensures that the organization has a pool of potential employees to draw upon when there is a need for a new job opening.Examples of Multinational Companies that adopted these strategies1. IBM: IBM has been outsourcing its non-core business functions such as HR, Finance, Procurement, and IT for many years.
This strategy has allowed the company to focus on its core business functions while having access to a pool of skilled workers. This has helped the organization to manage employee shortages in different regions.2. Amazon: Amazon has been developing its employees by providing them with training, mentorship, and development programs. They have also implemented a program called Career Choice, which offers employees paid tuition for courses that can help them advance their careers.
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a subject property has four bedrooms. a comparable property sold for $275,000 with only 3 bedrooms. the appraiser attributes a $5,000 to the 4th bedroom. how is the adjustment made?
Answer:
A block of wood of mass of 1200g measures 30cm by 6cm b y 5cm calculate the maximum and minimum pressure exerted by the wood
How has your knowledge of family law changed now that we have come to the end of this course? Are you more comfortable with the subject material and confident in your skills? Do you prefer using DivorceMate or completing the forms and documents in a word processor?
My knowledge of family law has significantly improved throughout this course, increasing my comfort level with the subject material and enhancing my confidence in my skills.
Throughout the course, I have gained a deeper understanding of various aspects of family law, including legal principles, processes, and key issues. I have learned about topics such as marriage, divorce, child custody, property division, and spousal support. This comprehensive knowledge has equipped me with a solid foundation in family law.
Regarding the preferred tool for completing forms and documents, it depends on personal preference and specific requirements. DivorceMate is a specialized software designed for family law matters, offering features tailored to streamline the process. It can be a convenient and efficient option for generating accurate and comprehensive legal documents. On the other hand, using a word processor provides more flexibility and customization options but may require more manual effort.
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Topic. As a part of the strategic management process, the benefits of strategy evaluation, selection and choice will be undermined if there is weakness at the implementation stage. Several factors influence the effectiveness of a company’s strategy. These include changes in the operational environment, shifts in consumer tastes and reduction in competitive advantage.
Question: Identify the strategies employed a company or issues pertinent to the topic and comment on their effectiveness, citing examples -
The strategies employed by a company or issues pertinent to the topic and comment on their effectiveness are as follows: It is important that a company's strategic management process does not overlook the implementation stage, as the benefits of strategy evaluation, selection, and choice will be undermined if there is a weakness in this area.
To ensure successful implementation of a company's strategy, there are several factors that must be taken into account. These include changes in the operational environment, shifts in consumer tastes, and reductions in competitive advantage. The effectiveness of a company's strategy is determined by how well it addresses these factors.
For example, a company that has implemented a successful strategy in the past may need to adapt it to new changes in the industry. One effective strategy to accomplish this is the SWOT analysis, which helps companies identify their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.Another strategy to consider is a focus on innovation, which can help a company stay ahead of its competitors and adapt to changes in consumer tastes. For instance, companies like Apple have been successful in introducing innovative products like the iPhone and iPad, which have helped them maintain a competitive advantage.
Finally, the effectiveness of a company's strategy is also dependent on how well it is communicated and executed. Effective communication of the strategy throughout the organization can help ensure that everyone is on the same page and working towards the same goals. Additionally, proper execution of the strategy can help ensure that the desired results are achieved and that the company remains competitive in its industry.
In conclusion, the effectiveness of a company's strategy is dependent on several factors, including how well it addresses changes in the operational environment, shifts in consumer tastes, and reductions in competitive advantage. Effective strategies like SWOT analysis and innovation can help companies stay ahead of their competitors, while proper communication and execution of the strategy can help ensure that the desired results are achieved.
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a building with an appraisal value of $127,005 is made available at an offer price of $151,395. the purchaser acquires the property for $33,871 in cash, a 90-day note payable for $28,684, and a mortgage amounting to $57,430. the cost of the building to be reported on the balance sheet is
The cost of the building to be reported on the balance sheet is $120,985.
To determine the cost of the building to be reported on the balance sheet, to add up the cash paid and the amounts associated with the note payable and mortgage.
Cash paid: $33,871
Note payable: $28,684
Mortgage amount: $57,430
Total cost of the building:
$33,871 + $28,684 + $57,430 = $120,985
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: How does "smart growth" aim to make land-use planning democratic? Making public input proportional to the amount of property taxes each individual pays Putting all policy decisions to a vote of residents Having a board of trustees make all decisions Including public discussions and input Having Democratic Party members run committees and advisory groups
Smart growth aims to make land-use planning democratic by including public discussions and input in policy decision making. These discussions give people an opportunity to express their opinions, concerns, and preferences regarding different land-use planning issues.Smart growth also focuses on community collaboration.
This means that the people living in a specific area work together to create policies and make decisions that will affect their community positively. This helps to ensure that the decisions made are more in line with the needs and preferences of the community.Smart growth also aims to reduce sprawl and improve access to public transport, parks, and public amenities. This means that land-use planning policies should be designed to promote sustainable growth, where development is concentrated in areas that have the necessary infrastructure to support it. This helps to reduce the strain on existing infrastructure, leading to more efficient land use, reduced costs, and increased community cohesion.
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Given the state of the economy and the causes of that state—think back to earlier discussions about the current economy—what should be the appropriate mix of fiscal and monetary policy? Which makes the most sense to you? Provide evidence (include and least one link/citation) to provide support to your conclusion.
All of the above options, namely a merger, an acquisition, a divestiture, and a consolidation, are generally considered restructuring activities.
Restructuring activities involve significant changes to the organizational structure and operations of a company. Let's examine each option:a merger: A merger occurs when two companies combine to form a new entity. It often involves integrating their operations, resources, and management structures, resulting in a restructuring of both organizations. an acquisition: An acquisition takes place when one company purchases another company. It usually leads to changes in the acquired company's management, operations, and structure as it is integrated into the acquiring company's operations. a divestiture: A divestiture involves selling off a portion of a company's assets or business units. It aims to streamline operations and focus on core competencies. Divestitures typically involve restructuring activities to separate and sell the assets or business units.
4. A consolidation: A consolidation occurs when two or more companies combine to create a new entity or strengthen their market position. It often involves restructuring activities to integrate operations, eliminate redundancies, and achieve synergies.
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passive approach to investing. All of the following are true regarding the passive and active strategies except:
Group of answer choices
A passive investor can simply follow a buy-and-hold strategy.
The biggest risk of market timing is that investors will not be in the market at critical times, thereby significantly reducing their overall returns.
Expenses for an index ETF are typically lower than those for an index fund, and shares can be bought and sold at the net asset value (NAV) when the market is closed.
Passive strategies simply aim to do as well as the market.
Active investors are engaged in security selection, sector analysis, and market timing.
Passive investing is an investment strategy that seeks to match the returns of a benchmark index as closely as feasible. Instead of attempting to outperform the market, passive investors rely on the underlying index's stability to generate returns over time.
All of the following are true regarding the passive and active strategies except that expenses for an index ETF are typically lower than those for an index fund, and shares can be bought and sold at the net asset value (NAV) when the market is closed.
The following are some of the features of the passive approach to investing:The passive investment strategy is based on the belief that active fund managers' attempts to outperform the market are unlikely to succeed over time.There are no active buying and selling of securities in a passive investment approach.
Passive investors use index funds or ETFs that track the performance of a specific index such as the S&P 500, Russell 2000, or MSCI EAFE to invest in the market.Passive investment funds have lower expense ratios than active investment funds since there are fewer portfolio trades.
A passive investor can simply follow a buy-and-hold strategy and is not required to analyze individual securities or market conditions. Passive investors hold their investments for the long term to minimize portfolio turnover and lower transaction fees.Passive strategies merely aim to do as well as the market without any active buying and selling of securities. They use index funds or ETFs to track the market.
Active investors, on the other hand, engage in security selection, sector analysis, and market timing. The biggest risk of market timing is that investors will not be in the market at critical times, thereby significantly reducing their overall returns.
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3A) Some people set up trusts or make other financial arrangements to pay for their kid's college education. Martha Klutz knows that when her daughter goes to college the expenses will be $__15035.00____ per year for four years. [Go on to 3B.]
Her daughter is now a high school sophomore, so the first bill will arrive 3 years from now. The rate of interest is 8%.
3B) How large a trust must Klutz set up today so that her daughter's college education is just paid for in the future?
4) How large would the trust have to be if the rate of interest was 3% instead of 8%?
Klutz needs to set up a trust of $51,063.14 if the rate of interest was 3% instead of 8%.
The expenses will be $15035.00 per year for four years. So, the total cost would be: $15035 × 4 = $60,140. 3B) The amount of money needed for Klutz to set up a trust that will pay for her daughter's college education in four years can be calculated using the present value formula.
Present value = Future value / (1 + r)n Where r is the annual interest rate and n is the number of years.
Using the values given, we get: Present value = $60,140 / (1 + 0.08)3= $41,132.43
Therefore, Klutz needs to set up a trust of $41,132.43 today to ensure her daughter's college education is just paid for in the future.4)
If the rate of interest was 3% instead of 8%, the present value would increase.
Using the same formula, we get: Present value = $60,140 / (1 + 0.03)3= $51,063.14
Therefore, Klutz needs to set up a trust of $51,063.14 if the rate of interest was 3% instead of 8%.
Answer: Klutz needs to set up a trust of $41,132.43 today to ensure her daughter's college education is just paid for in the future. If the rate of interest was 3% instead of 8%, she needs to set up a trust of $51,063.14.
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