Company J recently issued preferred stocks for $750.00 net of floatation costs. The preferred stocks pays a quarterly dividend of $9.75. Using the given data, we need to find the annual required return on the common stock and the annual required return on the preferred, taking floatation costs into account. We can use the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to calculate the annual required return on the common stock:
CAPM formula is: Kc = Rf + B(Rm-Rf)where,
Kc = Required return on equity
Rf = Risk-free rateB = Beta of equity
Rm = Expected market return
For common stocks, the beta is normally given. Here, beta is not given so we have to assume it.
Let us assume the beta as 1.3:
Kc = 0.022 + 1.3(0.076 - 0.022)
Kc = 0.077 or 7.70%
Therefore, the annual required return on the common stock is 7.70%.
The annual required return on the preferred stock, taking floatation costs into account, can be calculated using the following formula:
Kp = Dp / (Net proceeds - F)where,
Kp = Required return on preferred stock
Dp = Preferred dividend
Net proceeds = Issue price - Floatation cost
F = Floatation cost per share
Dp = $9.75 x 4Dp = $39.00
Net proceeds = $750.00
F = (0.02 x $750.00) / 100
F = $15.00
Kp = 39 / (750 - 15)
Kp = 0.052 or 5.20%
Therefore, the annual required return on the preferred, taking floatation costs into account, is 5.20%. or 0.0520
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At Dive Shop Inc, regular customers place about 4.6 orders per year. These orders average $96 in retail value, and contribution margin percent is typically 45%. Acquiring a new customer costs Dive Shop about $136, and Dive Shop also spends $41 per customer per year on contests, deals, and communications to keep them coming back. Dive Shop's retention rate is 81%, and the corporate discount rate is 12%. Calculate the net present value of 1 regular customer at Dive Shop. Rounding: penny. Remember, the answer may be negative.
Given: Acquiring a new customer costs Dive Shop = $136, Annual Communication Cost per customer = $41
Retention Rate of Customers = 81%
Corporate Discount Rate = 12%
Orders per year by a regular customer = 4.6
Retail value per order = $96
Contribution Margin Percent = 45%
To calculate the net present value (NPV) of 1 regular customer at Dive Shop, we will use the formula given below:
NPV = [Net Cash Inflow / (1 + r)t] - Initial Investment, where, r = Discount Rate (in decimal) = 0.12,
t = Time Period of Cash Flow
Net Cash Inflow = Cash Inflow - Cash Outflow
Calculation of Net Cash Inflow: Annual Revenue per customer = Orders per year × Retail value per order = 4.6 × $96 =
$441.6
Contribution Margin = Contribution Margin Percent × Revenue = 0.45 × $441.6 = $198.72
Contribution Margin Ratio = Contribution Margin / Revenue = $198.72 / $441.6 = 0.45
Variable Cost per unit = Retail price - Contribution Margin = $96 - $44.6 = $51.4
Annual Variable Cost = Variable Cost per unit × Orders per year = $51.4 × 4.6 = $236.84
Annual Cash Flow per customer = Annual Revenue - Annual Variable Cost - Annual Communication Cost = $441.6 -
$236.84 - $41 = $163.76
Net Cash Inflow (per customer) for the first year = Annual Cash Flow per customer - Cost to Acquire a new Customer =
$163.76 - $136 = $27.76
To calculate the NPV, we need to find the present value of net cash inflows for every year.
Present Value (PV) = Future Value (FV) / (1 + r)t
Year 1: PV of Net Cash Inflow = $27.76 / (1 + 0.12)1 = $24.79
Year 2: PV of Net Cash Inflow = $27.76 / (1 + 0.12)2 = $22.14
Year 3: PV of Net Cash Inflow = $27.76 / (1 + 0.12)3 = $19.74
Year 4: PV of Net Cash Inflow = $27.76 / (1 + 0.12)4 = $17.57
Total PV of Net Cash Inflows = $24.79 + $22.14 + $19.74 + $17.57 = $84.24
Net Present Value (NPV) of 1 regular customer at Dive Shop:
NPV = Total PV of Net Cash Inflows - Cost to Acquire a new Customer = $84.24 - $136= -$51.76
Therefore, the NPV of 1 regular customer at Dive Shop is -$51.76.
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SWOT Case Exercise: August 3, 2022 (Bloomberg) -- Starbucks Corp. shares rose as a strong US performance and higher prices helped to offset lower traffic, sluggishness in China, and rising costs. Sales of $8.15 billion came in slightly above expectations in the fiscal 3rd quarter ended. Overall, the average ticket - or cost per order - rose 6%, while comparable transactions fell 3% illustrating that higher prices are making up for a lower volume of sales. CEO Howard Schultz was upbeat in addressing analysts about the company's performance. "it clearly demonstrates the early progress we have made in just four short months." Since taking over in April, Schultz has shaken up management, halted share buybacks and attempted to blunt a growing union drive in the US. Highlights from the analysts' call - Starbucks has raised its beverage prices by around 5% in the last 12 months. While major competitors have not yet adjusted their prices, US diners are still Highlights from the analysts' call - Starbucks has raised its beverage prices by around 5% in the last 12 months. While major competitors have not yet adjusted their prices, US diners are still buying at Starbucks- with cold drinks being a particular sales standout. - The Chinese market remains a concern. On-and-off pandemic rules have restricted mobility in major cities, and comparable sales in the country (Starbucks' 2nd largest market after the US) fell 44% during the quarter. Despite this setback, Starbucks' CEO reiterated that they will continue with their aggressive expansion plan in the world's fastest-growing economy. - On the labour front, the company is "seeing some improvement in worker turnover" although recent filings indicate 80% of baristas have been with the company for less than a year. Meanwhile, the company is trying to contain a growing union drive across the US and convince employees that they are better off without a union's 3 rd party representation. - Starbucks" financial guidance remains neutral "for the balance of this fiscal year" amid unpredictability in China's pandemic restrictions, inflationary pressure on all materials, higher wages for workers and higher operating costs related to Covid measures. Higher sales prices and transactions in North America and Europe along with strong performance from its packaged products division (Nestle partnership) provided a boost that offset cost pressures. "This quarter, sales of Starbucks products in US grocery stores have vastly exceeded our expectations so we're looking forward to the next phase of the rollout into other markets." s definitely a mixed message," said Bloomberg Intelligence analyst Michael "Some good news here in the US, and some bad news overseas." "It was definitely a mixed message," said Bloomberg Intelligence analyst Michael Halen. "Some good news here in the US, and some bad news overseas." Required: 1) Prepare a SWOT analysis for Starbucks based on the above information, list and explain key factors in all quadrants. 2) Using your SWOT information, prepare a TOWS matrix. Describe 1 key strategy. that Starbucks needs to implement. Explain fully using appropriate strategic management terminology.
SWOT Analysis is a powerful strategic management tool that helps organizations identify their Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats, are explained.
1) SWOT Analysis for Starbucks based on the above information:
Strengths
:1. Strong US performance
2. Strong performance from the packaged products division (Nestle partnership)
3. Sales of Starbucks products in US grocery stores have exceeded expectations
4. Starbucks raised beverage prices by around 5% in the last 12 months
Weaknesses:
1. Lower traffic
2. Sluggishness in China
3. Comparable transactions fell 3%
Opportunities:
1. Expansion into the world's fastest-growing economy
2. Growth potential in emerging markets
3. The potential for product development and expansion
4. Changing consumer lifestyles
Threats:
1. Competition
2. Changes in consumer preferences
3. Changes in government policies
4. Pandemic and other natural disasters
2) TOWS Matrix:
TOWS Matrix is a tool used to develop a strategic plan for an organization. It helps organizations to develop strategies that maximize their strengths, minimize their weaknesses, capitalize on opportunities, and reduce threats. TOWS Matrix is a combination of SWOT analysis and strategic planning.
Starbucks can reduce its dependence on the Chinese market. Starbucks can also use this strategy to reduce the threat of competition by entering new markets before its competitors. By expanding into emerging markets, Starbucks can increase its revenue and profits, and position itself as a global leader in the coffee industry.
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For the next fiscal year, you forecast net income of $49,600 and ending assets of $505,800. Your firm's payout ratio is 10.2%. Your beginning stockholders' equity is $297,500, and your beginning total liabilities are $126,800. Your non-debt liabilities such as accounts payable are forecasted to increase by $10,200. Assume your beginning debt is $106,800. What amount of equity and what amount of debt would you need to issue to cover the net new financing in order to keep your debt-equity ratio constant? The amount of debt to issue will be $ (Round to the nearest dollar.) The amount of equity to issue will be $ (Round to the nearest dollar.)
Given Data: For the next fiscal year, you forecast net income of $49,600 and ending assets of $505,800. Your firm's payout ratio is 10.2%. Your beginning stockholders' equity is $297,500, and your beginning total liabilities are $126,800.
Your non-debt liabilities such as accounts payable are forecasted to increase by $10,200. Assume your beginning debt is $106,800. Calculation: First, we need to calculate the ending equity: Ending equity = Beginning equity + Net income - Dividends Ending equity = $297,500 + $49,600 (1-10.2%)[tex]Ending equity = $297,500 + $44,500[/tex] [tex]Ending equity = $342,000.[/tex]
We need to calculate the ending liabilities:[tex]Ending liabilities = Beginning liabilities + Non-debt[/tex] liabilities Ending [tex]liabilities = $126,800 + $10,200[/tex][tex]Ending liabilities = $137,000[/tex] We can calculate the amount of debt needed to be issued using the Debt/Equity ratio.
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Suppose an economist breaks the unemployment rate into the following components: frictional estimates, the natural rate of unemployment is: 2%), structural (1%), and cyclical (4%). Based a)5% c) 0%. dl 3%
Unemployment rate is the number of people in the labor force who are currently unemployed.
An economist breaks the unemployment rate into various components that are,
frictional estimates, structural estimates, and cyclical estimates.
The frictional unemployment estimates are people who are temporarily unemployed while moving from one job to another.
On the other hand, structural unemployment estimates refer to people who have lost their job permanently due to structural changes in the economy.
And, cyclical unemployment estimates occur due to a decline in the aggregate demand of goods and services due to recession or economic slowdown.
The sum of these three components gives the unemployment rate.
Let us find the Natural rate of Unemployment, that is the sum of frictional and structural estimates.
Natural Rate of Unemployment = Frictional + Structural Estimates
Natural Rate of Unemployment = 2% + 1%Natural Rate of Unemployment = 3%
The cyclical estimate is given as 4%.
Natural Rate of Unemployment + Cyclical Estimate = 3% + 4% = 7%
Given that the unemployment rate is 0% when the cyclical estimate is at 3%.
We can use the following formula to find the rate at which the Natural rate of unemployment is 5%.
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In what way does a price discriminating monopoly differ from a non-discriminating monopoly?
1. It produces less than a non-discriminating monopoly
2. It earns less revenue than a non-discriminating monopoly
3. It has a marginal cost curve that is below the marginal cost curve of the non-discriminating monopoly
4. It generates greater producer surplus than a non-discriminating monopoly
5. None of the above
A price discriminating monopoly is a company that can charge different prices for the same product based on the consumer's willingness to pay. On the other hand, a non-discriminating monopoly is a company that charges the same price for its product regardless of the consumer's willingness to pay.
Here are some ways in which a price discriminating monopoly differs from a non-discriminating monopoly:
1. A price discriminating monopoly produces more than a non-discriminating monopoly. The reason behind this is that price discrimination enables the monopoly to sell to a wider range of consumers, including those who would not purchase at the higher price.
2. A price discriminating monopoly earns more revenue than a non-discriminating monopoly. This is because price discrimination allows the monopoly to extract the maximum amount of surplus from each consumer.
3. A price discriminating monopoly has a marginal cost curve that is above the marginal cost curve of the non-discriminating monopoly. The reason behind this is that price discrimination enables the monopoly to charge a higher price to consumers who are willing to pay more. This leads to a higher price and greater profits.
4. A price discriminating monopoly generates greater producer surplus than a non-discriminating monopoly. This is because price discrimination enables the monopoly to extract more surplus from each consumer, which leads to greater profits. Thus, it generates greater producer surplus than a non-discriminating monopoly. option 4 is correct.
5. None of the above is not correct as options 1, 2, 3, and 4 are all correct and explain how a price discriminating monopoly differs from a non-discriminating monopoly.
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Willamson Industnes has $6 bilion in sales and 51.923 bellion in fixed assets. Currently, the company's fixed assets are operating at 9506 of capacity. a. What level of sales could Wiltamson Industries have obtained if it had bech oparating at full capacity? Enter your answer in billons of dollars. Round your answer to five decirial vloces. billion b. What is Willamson's target foxed assets/sales ratio? Do not round intermediate calculations, Round your answer to two dincinal places: स. C. If Willamson's sales incrense 8%, how large of an encrease in foxed assets will the company need to meet its tarpet foxed assets/sales ratio? Enter your answer an billions of dollars. Negative value should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to five decimal places. 5 billion
The company’s fixed assets are operating at 95% of capacity.
the level of sales Williamson Industries could have obtained if it had been operating at full capacity can be calculated as follows:
If fixed assets are operating at full capacity,
then Sales = Actual sales/Fixed assets capacity
ratio = 6/0.95 = $6.315 billion
the level of sales Williamson Industries could have obtained if it had been operating at full capacity is $6.315 billion.
The target fixed assets/sales ratio can be calculated as follows:
Target fixed assets/sales ratio = Actual fixed assets/Actual sales = 51.923/6 = 8.653
The target fixed assets/sales ratio is 8.653.
The company’s target fixed assets/sales ratio is 8.653.
if sales increase by 8%, then the company’s fixed assets must also increase to meet its target fixed assets/sales ratio.
The increase in fixed assets required can be calculated as follows:
New sales = 6(1 + 0.08) = $6.48 billion
Target fixed assets = New sales x
Target fixed assets/sales ratio = $6.48 billion x 8.653 = $56.078 billion
Increase in fixed assets = Target fixed assets – Actual fixed assets = $56.078 billion – $51.923 billion = $4.155 billion
the company will need to increase its fixed assets by $4.155 billion to meet its target fixed assets/sales ratio if its sales increase by 8%.
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Prompt Company acquired 80% of Slow Corporation on 1/2018. Fair values of Slow's assets and liabilities approximated book values on that date. Prompt uses the initial value method to account for its investment in Slow. On 1/2020, Prompt bought equipment from Slow for $60,000 that had originally cost Slow $120,000 and had $110,000 of Accumulated depreciation at the time. The equipment had a five-year remaining life and was being depreciated using the straight line method. You are preparing the worksheet for the 2021 fiscal year. a. Was this equipment sale upstream or downstream? b. How much excess depreciation will there be in each of the first five years after the transfer? c. How much unrealized net gain from the equipment transfer remains at the beginning of 2021 ? (This is the amount you will need for the *TA entry.) d. Which company's Retained earnings account will be adjusted in the *TA entry in part c? (Which company was the "initiator" of the transaction?) e. Prompt's 2021 net income, without including any investment income, was $440,000 and Slow reported net income of $137,000 in 2021. What consolidated income will be reported before removing the noncontrolling interest's share of the subsidiary's net income? (This includes the effect of the ED entry.) f. What will the noncontrolling interest's share of the subsidiary's net income be for 2021? (Consider whether the equipment sale had been upstream or downstream.)
Downstream sale as the equipment was sold by the subsidiary to the parent company.
The excess depreciation for the next five years will be calculated as follows: For Slow Corp:
Year 1 - ($60,000 - $110,000) / 5 = $10,000
Year 2 - ($60,000 - $120,000 + $10,000) / 5 = $12,000
Year 3 - ($60,000 - $120,000 + $10,000 + $12,000) / 5 = $14,000
Year 4 - ($60,000 - $120,000 + $10,000 + $12,000 + $14,000) / 5 = $16,000
Year 5 - ($60,000 - $120,000 + $10,000 + $12,000 + $14,000 + $16,000) / 5 = $18,000
For Prompt Company:
Year 1 - $10,000
Year 2 - $12,000
Year 3 - $14,000
Year 4 - $16,000
Year 5 - $18,000
Unrealized net gain from the equipment transfer will be $14,000 as follows:
Equipment fair value at the time of sale = $60,000
Accumulated depreciation at the time of sale = $110,000
Book value of equipment = $120,000 - $110,000 = $10,000
Gain on sale = $60,000 - $10,000 = $50,000
Excess depreciation from Slow Corp in Year 3 = $14,000 ($60,000 - $120,000 + $10,000 + $12,000 + $14,000) / 5
= $14,000
Unrealized net gain = $50,000 x 3/5
= $30,000 + $14,000
= $44,000d.
Slow Corporation's Retained earnings account will be adjusted in the TA entry.
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11-17 the following are the activity times for the project in problem 11-16. find the earliest, latest, and slack times for each activity. then find the critical path.
To find the earliest, latest, and slack times for each activity in the given project, we need to follow a few steps.
Identify the activities and their corresponding times. Calculate the earliest start and finish times for each activity.Next, we calculate the ES and EF for the remaining activities, using the following formula:ES = EF of the immediately preceding activity.EF = ES + Duration. Calculate the latest start and finish times for each activity.Next, we calculate the LS and LF for the remaining activities, using the following formula:LS = LF - Duration
Calculate the slack time for each activity.The slack time for an activity is the difference between its latest start time and earliest start time (LS - ES).The critical path is the longest path through the project, consisting of activities with zero slack time. It represents the sequence of activities that, if delayed, would delay the project completion. To find the critical path, identify the activities with zero slack time. In our example, let's say Activity A and Activity C have zero slack time. Therefore, the critical path would be A -> B -> C.
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A project consists of initially investing R$ 74 million in a production process that will have an annual revenue of R$ 30,000,000.00 and annual operating costs of R$ 10,000,000.00 million, net of taxes, for twenty years. From the twenty-first year onwards, 80% of the cash flow from previous years is considered to be perpetuated. Calculate the net present value (NPV) of this project, with a minimum rate of attractiveness equal to 13% per year..
The net present value (NPV) of the project is R$ 24,272,928.23.
To find out the net present value (NPV) of a project with a minimum attractive rate of 13% per year, we'll need to follow the steps mentioned below;
Step 1: Calculation of cash flows
Calculate the cash flows for the initial 20 years:
Annual cash flow = Annual revenue - Annual operating cost = R$30,000,000.00 - R$10,000,000.00 = R$20,000,000.00
Net cash flow for the initial 20 years:
Net cash flow = Annual cash flow * number of years= R$20,000,000.00 * 20
= R$400,000,000.00
Cash flows for the years after the 20th year
The cash flows for the year after the 20th year are given by 80% of the cash flows from the previous years:
For the 21st year, cash flow = 80% of cash flow from the 20th year = 80% * R$20,000,000.00 = R$16,000,000.00
For the 22nd year, cash flow = 80% of cash flow from the 21st year = 80% * R$16,000,000.00 = R$12,800,000.00
The cash flows for the rest of the years can be calculated in the same way.
Step 2: Calculation of the present value of the cash flows
The present value of the cash flows can be calculated using the formula below:
PV = FV / (1 + r)n
Where PV is the present value, FV is the future value, r is the discount rate, and n is the number of years.
PV of cash flows for the initial 20 years:
PV = R$400,000,000.00 / (1 + 0.13)20
= R$400,000,000.00 / 6.139
= R$65,106,443.62
PV of cash flows for the years after the 20th year
The PV of the cash flows for the years after the 20th year can be calculated in the same way:
PV of cash flows for the 21st year = R$16,000,000.00 / (1 + 0.13)1 = R$14,159,292.04
PV of cash flows for the 22nd year = R$12,800,000.00 / (1 + 0.13)2 = R$10,007,192.95
The present value of the cash flows for the rest of the years can be calculated in the same way.
Step 3: Calculation of the net present value (NPV)
The net present value can be calculated by subtracting the initial investment from the present value of the cash flows:
NPV = - Initial investment + PV of cash flows
NPV = - R$74,000,000.00 + R$65,106,443.62 + R$14,159,292.04 + R$10,007,192.95 + ...
NPV = - R$74,000,000.00 + R$98,272,928.23
NPV = R$24,272,928.23
Therefore, the net present value (NPV) of the project is R$ 24,272,928.23.
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Who has a deeper mix of products in the product lines they do
sell? Walmart or Office Max? please explain with at least 5
sentences
Between Walmart and Office Max, Walmart has a deeper mix of products in the product lines they sell. Walmart is an all-around retail store, and they have a wider variety of products.
Walmart sells groceries, electronics, clothing, furniture, automotive items, and many more items. In contrast, Office Max is an office supplies store, and they specialize in selling office supplies such as paper, pens, printers, computers, and office furniture. Walmart sells many products that are not even related to office supplies.
Walmart's product lines are quite extensive. They offer products from groceries to electronics, apparel to housewares, automotive to toys, and health and wellness to beauty.
Walmart's product mix is very diverse and caters to a wide range of customers. As Walmart is a superstore, it is the perfect choice for people who want to buy everything they need in one place.
Office Max, on the other hand, specializes in office supplies and technology. It offers a wide range of products that include office furniture, paper, technology products, and ink cartridges.
It also provides printing services, shipping and mailing, and many more. The focus is on office supplies. But when compared to Walmart's product lines, Office Max has a much more limited mix of products.
Therefore, we can conclude that Walmart has a much deeper mix of products in their product lines than Office Max.
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REQUIRED:
PART A
Please state whether the following are forms of real property, intangible personal property, or tangible personal property. (2 marks total - 1 mark each)
i. Oil and gas under the ground -
A bitcoin –
PART B
i. If I allow you to use my sportscar for a week and ask you to pick up and deliver groceries to me; what are two factors a court would consider to determine your duty of care? (2 marks)
PART C
Diana and Glen are married and own a house in joint tenancy. Diana decides that she is not sure she wants all of her contributions to the house to go to Glen, so she makes a will and leaves her interest in the house to her niece. Diana dies and Diana’s niece learns about the gift in Diana’s will. She comes to the house and tells Glen she is ready to move in, but Glen says that the house belongs to him.
i. Who does the house belong to and why?
PART A
Oil and gas under the ground are forms of real property while a bitcoin is a form of intangible personal property.
PART B
Two factors that a court would consider to determine the duty of care in this scenario are the foreseeability of harm and the relationship between the parties involved. The court would consider whether it was foreseeable that harm could result from using the sportscar to pick up and deliver groceries, as well as the nature of the relationship between the parties. If the court determines that harm was foreseeable and that a duty of care exists, it may hold the person responsible for any resulting damages.
PART C
The house belongs to Glen. The reason being is that joint tenancy comes with the right of survivorship. This means that when one of the joint tenants dies, the other joint tenant(s) automatically take ownership of the deceased joint tenant's interest in the property without the need for probate or distribution. Therefore, when Diana died, her interest in the house passed to Glen, not to her niece as designated in her will.
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Recently, the owner of Martha's Wares encountered severe legal problems and is trying to sell her business. The company built a building at a cost of $1,300,000 that is currently appraised at $ 1,500,000. The equipment originally cost $ 780,000 and is currently valued at $527,000 . The inventory is valued on the balance sheet at $470,000 but has a market value of only one-half of that amount The owner expects to collect 98 percent of the $255,200 in accounts receivable . The firm has $11,100 in cash and owes a total of $ 1,500,000 The legal problems are personal and unrelated to the actual business . What is the market value of this firm?
Therefore, the market value of this firm is negative $237,804. The company’s debts exceed its assets by that amount, so selling the company at this point would result in a net loss of $237,804.
Martha’s Wares built a building at a cost of $1,300,000, which is currently appraised at $ 1,500,000.
The equipment originally cost $ 780,000 and is currently valued at $527,000.
The owner expects to collect 98 percent of the $255,200 in accounts receivable.
The firm has $11,100 in cash and owes a total of $ 1,500,000.
The legal problems are personal and unrelated to the actual business.
Assets Market ValueBuilding$1,500,000
Equipment$527,000
Inventory($235,000)$1,792,000
LiabilitiesCash$11,100
Accounts Receivable$250,096$261,196
Less: Accounts Payable($1,500,000)
Net Value($237,804)
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A transaction that will increase the quick ratio but cause the current ratio to decline
Select one:
a.
Collection of an account receivable.
b.
Investing cash in plant assets.
c.
Sale of inventory at a price below cost.
d.
Short-term borrowing
The transaction that will increase the quick ratio but cause the current ratio to decline is d. Short-term borrowing.
Short-term borrowing increases the quick ratio because it adds cash to the current assets, which are included in the calculation of the quick asset. However, it does not affect the current liabilities, resulting in a decline in the current ratio.
Short-term borrowing refers to obtaining funds for a relatively short period, typically less than one year, to meet immediate financing needs. It is a financing strategy that allows organizations to bridge temporary cash flow gaps, fund working capital requirements, or cover unexpected expenses. Short-term borrowing options include lines of credit, bank overdrafts, trade credit, commercial paper, and short-term loans. These financing sources offer flexibility, quick access to funds, and often have lower interest rates compared to long-term borrowing.
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What are monetary aggregates? a. money held by the nonbank public b. measures of the money supply defined by the Treasury C. measures of the money supply defined by the Federal Reserve d. measures of individual wealth defined by the Federal Reserve e. money held by banking institutions
Monetary aggregates can be defined as measures of the amount of money circulating in an economy over a given period of time. The different types of monetary aggregates are defined by the Federal Reserve in the United States. Monetary aggregates can be used to analyze the economy by observing the different factors that influence the money supply.
There are different types of monetary aggregates, but the most important are M1, M2, and M3.
Therefore, monetary aggregates are measures of the money supply defined by the Federal Reserve. They are used to analyze the economy and observe the factors that influence the money supply. M1, M2, and M3 are the most important monetary aggregates, and they include different types of money and assets held by the public and banking
institutions.
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roberto invested some money at 7%, and then invested $5000 more than twice this amount at 11%. his total annual income from the two investments was $3450. how much was invested at 11%?
Roberto invested some money at a 7% interest rate and then invested $5000 more than twice this amount at an 11% interest rate.
His total annual income from the two investments was $3450.at 11%.Let's break dow We need to find out how much he invested n the problem step by step: Let's say Roberto invested x dollars at a 7% interest rate. Therefore, the income from this investment would be 0.07x dollars.
According to the problem, he invested $5000 more than twice the amount he invested at 7% in an 11% interest rate investment. This means he invested (2x + $5000) dollars at 11%. The income from this investment would be 0.11(2x + $5000) dollars. The total annual income from both investments is given as $3450. Therefore, we can write the equation:
0.07x + 0.11(2x + $5000) = $3450. To solve this equation, we need to simplify and solve for x. 0.07x + 0.22x + $550 = $3450
0.29x + $550 = $3450
0.29x = $3450 - $550
0.29x = $2900
x = $2900 / 0.29
x ≈ $10,000
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43. Oligopoly is characterized by
a. significant barriers to entry
b. only a few firms so that there is an interdependence among them
c. a large number of firms producing differentiated products
d. a large number of firms producing a standardized product
Oligopoly is termed as- only a few firms so that there is an interdependence among them. The correct answer is option b.
Oligopoly is a market structure in which there are only a few firms. These firms are dominant in the market because they control most of the supply. In an oligopoly market structure, the firms are interdependent on each other, meaning that their decisions have a significant impact on their rivals.
The characteristics of oligopoly are as follows:
Only a few firms so that there is an interdependence among them.
Significant barriers to entry into the marketProducts can be differentiated or standardizedFirms have some control over the pricesThe firms can work together as a group to control the marketThe firms may engage in non-price competition to gain an advantageOligopolies are found in various industries, including automobile, steel, and telecommunications. Because of the market power that these firms have, oligopolies are often regulated to protect consumers from monopolistic practices. The correct answer is option b.
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What is the difference between fiscal and monetary policy? How does fiscal and monetary policy affect national and global markets, and what are the changes that take place on a macro and microeconomic level?
Fiscal policy is concerned with the government's revenue and spending decisions, while monetary policy is concerned with the management of the money supply and interest rates.
Fiscal policy and monetary policy are two different types of policies used by the government to manage the economy.
The difference between these two policies can be explained in the following points:
1. Fiscal policy is determined by the legislative and executive branches of government while monetary policy is implemented by the central bank.
2. Fiscal policy involves changes in government spending and taxation, while monetary policy involves changes in the money supply and interest rates.
3. Fiscal policy is designed to affect aggregate demand, while monetary policy is designed to affect the money supply, interest rates, and credit availability.
Fiscal and monetary policies have a significant impact on national and global markets, and their changes can affect macro and microeconomic levels in the following ways:
Fiscal policy affects the economy by increasing or decreasing government spending and taxation. An increase in government spending can stimulate economic activity, while a decrease in government spending can slow down the economy. Monetary policy affects the economy by changing the money supply and interest rates. An increase in the money supply can stimulate economic activity by making it easier to borrow and spend, while a decrease in the money supply can slow down economic activity. An increase in interest rates can reduce borrowing and spending, while a decrease in interest rates can increase borrowing and spending.Know more about the Fiscal policy
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Mobius, Incorporated, has a total debt ratio of .46. a. What is its debt-equity ratio? (Do not round intermediote calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal ploces, e.9. 32.16.) b. What is its equity multiplier? (Do not round intermediate calculotions and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 32.16.)
a. Debt-equity ratio 0,53 times
b. Equity multiplier 1,53 times
Given; Total Debt Ratio = 0.46To calculate;
Debt-equity ratio, and.
Equity multiplier Solutions.
Formulae used.
Total Debt Ratio (TDR) = Debt / Total assets
Debt-equity ratio = Debt / Equity
Equity multiplier = Total assets / Equity's
tep-by-step solution;
a. Calculation of Debt-equity ratio;
To find debt-equity ratio, we use the formula;
Debt-equity ratio = Debt / Equity
the solutions of the given problem are;
Debt-equity ratio = 0.85 times'.
Equity multiplier = 1.85 times
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The debt-equity ratio of Mobius, Incorporated is 0.54 times, and the equity multiplier is 1.54 times.
Explanation:The debt-equity ratio is a financial metric used to assess a company's financial leverage by comparing its total debt to shareholders' equity. It helps evaluate the level of debt financing relative to equity, indicating the firm's ability to meet its financial obligations and its financial risk profile.
a. The debt-equity ratio is calculated by dividing the total debt by the total equity of a company. In this case, Mobius, Incorporated has a total debt ratio of 0.46, so to find the debt-equity ratio, subtract the debt ratio from 1. Therefore, the debt-equity ratio is 1 - 0.46 = 0.54 times.
b. The equity multiplier is calculated by dividing the total assets by the total equity of a company. Since the debt-equity ratio is 0.54, the equity multiplier can be found by adding 1 to the debt-equity ratio. Thus, the equity multiplier is 1 + 0.54 = 1.54 times.
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julio offers to sell juana his used stereo for $500 and promises to give her a week to think about it. the next day, julio sells it to enrique for $600, notifying juana after the sale. juana sues julio for breach of contract. who wins?
The reason is that Julio had already entered into a contract with Juana to sell her his used stereo for $500 and gave her a week to think about it.
This situation violates the principle of contract law known as the doctrine of anticipatory breach. This doctrine states that if one party to a contract indicates, either by words or actions, that they will not perform their contractual obligations, the other party can treat the contract as breached and sue for damages.
Juana could argue that she suffered damages due to Julio's breach of contract, as she lost the opportunity to purchase the stereo for $500. She could seek damages in the amount of the difference between the price she would have paid ($500) and the price for which Julio sold the stereo to Enrique ($600).
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On April 1, Crane Travel Agency Inc. was established. These transactions were completed during the month. 1. Stockholders invested $30.800 cash in the company in exchange for common stock. 2. Paid $810 cash for April office rent. 3. Purchased office equipment for $3,840 cash. 4. Purchased $280 of advertising in the Chicago Tribune, on account. 5. Paid $580 cash for office supplies. 6. Perfoed services worth $11,500. Cash of $4,000 is received from customers, and the balance of $7.500 is billed to customers on account. 7. Paid $510 cash dividend. 8. Paid Chicago Tribune amount due in transaction (4). 9. Paid employees' salaries $1,240. 10. Received $7,500 in cash from customers billed previously in transaction (6).
Stockholders invested $30,800 cash in the company in exchange for common stock. As a result, the company's cash account will increase by $30,800.Paid $810 cash for April office rent. Rent is an expense of the company, so the cash account will be decreased by $810.Purchased office equipment for $3,840 cash.
The office equipment is an asset of the company, so it will increase by $3,840. The cash account will be decreased by $3,840.Purchased $280 of advertising in the Chicago Tribune, on account. The accounts payable account will increase by $280.Paid $580 cash for office supplies. Office supplies are an asset of the company, so it will increase by $580. The cash account will be decreased by $580.
Performed services worth $11,500. Cash of $4,000 is received from customers, and the balance of $7,500 is billed to customers on account. The service revenue account will increase by $11,500. The cash account will increase by $4,000. The accounts receivable account will increase by $7,500.Paid $510 cash dividend. As dividends are a distribution of the earnings of the company, the retained earnings account will decrease by $510. The cash account will be decreased by $510.
Paid Chicago Tribune amount due in transaction (4). The accounts payable account will decrease by $280. The cash account will be decreased by $280.Paid employees' salaries $1,240. Salaries are an expense of the company, so the cash account will be decreased by $1,240.Received $7,500 in cash from customers billed previously in transaction (6). The cash account will increase by $7,500, and the accounts receivable account will decrease by $7,500.
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Which of the following is true? To an èconomist, an increase in demand means the same thing as an decrease in quantity supplied. If MPC=0.65, then the multiplier is 2.86. The sum of the unemployment rate and not in the labor force is never added together. "Full employment" only exists when the actual unemployment rate is zero.
The statement which is true among the given options is "Full employment" only exists when the actual unemployment rate is zero". Full employment is the state of an economy in which all its resources such as labor, capital, land, and entrepreneurship are fully utilized, and the economy is operating at its maximum potential.
The other three statements are false and can be explained as follows: An increase in demand means the same thing as an increase in quantity supplied, and not a decrease in quantity supplied. Increase in demand leads to an increase in both the equilibrium price and quantity supplied, while a decrease in demand leads to a decrease in both the equilibrium price and quantity supplied.
If the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 0.65, then the multiplier will be 1/ (1-0.65) = 2.86. Hence, the statement is correct.Unemployment rate and those not in the labor force are added together to calculate the Labor Force.
The labor force is the number of individuals who are employed and unemployed, but actively seeking employment. Hence, this statement is also incorrect.
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An industry with Herfindahl-Hershman Index of 4,000 would best be described as
monopoly
oligopoly.
monopolistic competition.
perfect competition.
Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) measures the market concentration in a particular industry or market. It is calculated by adding the squares of the market shares of each firm in the industry.
An industry with HHI value of 4,000 would best be described as an oligopoly. This is because HHI value ranges from 0 to 10,000, and any value above 2,500 indicates high market concentration, while a value below 1,000 indicates low concentration.
In an oligopoly, there are few large firms that dominate the market, and each firm has a significant influence on the market. They may collude to control prices, reduce competition, and maximize their profits. Consumers may have limited options, and there are barriers to entry for new firms. Oligopolies can be characterized by high prices, product differentiation, and significant advertising and marketing expenses.
On the other hand, monopolies have an HHI value of 10,000, indicating that a single firm dominates the entire market. In monopolistic competition, there are many small firms that compete with each other, and there is a high degree of product differentiation. Perfect competition, on the other hand, has a large number of small firms that produce identical products, and there is no market power or influence. an industry with an HHI value of 4,000 is best described as an oligopoly, which is characterized by a few dominant firms and high market concentration.
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The minimum wage debate
: Explain why this issue has interest and concern to stakeholders and the community at-large. Why do decisions made in organizations about this topic have implications for society as a whole? What responsibility does the organization have to the community as a whole? How can/should the organization best engage stakeholders in ethical discussions about the challenges of your identified issue? What responsibilities does the public have regarding the issue?
The debate around minimum wage is of interest and concern to various stakeholders and the community at-large due to several reasons. One of the reasons is that it affects the standard of living of workers who earn a minimum wage. As such, it has a direct impact on the purchasing power of these workers, their ability to access essential services and maintain their health, and well-being.
The public has a responsibility to remain informed and engaged in the minimum wage debate. This involves understanding the different perspectives and interests of stakeholders, and evaluating the impact of different policy options on the community.
It also involves actively participating in public discussions, providing feedback to policymakers, and holding organizations accountable for their decisions. Ultimately, the minimum wage debate requires a collective effort from all stakeholders, including organizations, policymakers, workers, and the community, to achieve a socially responsible and equitable outcome.
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Question 4 If the market is populated by many small producers, each selling the exact same good: A. It is likely that one firm (producer) will be a monopoly. B. It is likely that the market will be competitive. C. It is likely that the market will be neither monopolistic, neither competitive. D. Monopolistic market and perfect competition are equally likely. Question 5 Assume that the market is competitive. 1. A firm will produce if and only if P≥AVC 2. A firm will make profits if and only of P≥ATC. Which of the above statements is true? A. Only (1). B. Only (2). C. Both (1) and (2). D. Neither (1) or (2).
Question 4: B. It is likely that the market will be competitive. In a market populated by many small producers selling the exact same good,
it suggests a situation of perfect competition. Perfect competition occurs when there are numerous sellers offering identical products, which promotes intense competition and no single firm has the power to control prices or dominate the market.
Question 5: A. Only (1).
The statement "A firm will produce if and only if P≥AVC" is true in a competitive market. It means that a firm will produce as long as the price (P) is greater than or equal to the average variable cost (AVC). If the price is lower than the AVC, the firm would incur losses and would not produce. The statement "A firm will make profits if and only if P≥ATC" is not true in a competitive market. In perfect competition, firms can only make zero economic profits in the long run, meaning that price (P) is equal to the average total cost (ATC), including normal profits. They cannot earn above-normal profits in the long run.
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$1,022 Required 1. Record Quick Travel's adjusting entry to accrue interest expense at May 31. 2. Post the adjusting entry to the T-accounts of the two accounts affected by the adjustment.
The adjusting entry to accrue interest expense at May 31 for Quick Travel can be recorded as follows.
Interest Expense (income statement) $18 Interest Payable (balance sheet) $18Explanation:Adjusting entries are journal entries made at the end of an accounting period that alter the accounts' balances and are required to bring them up to date and ensure that they comply with the accrual accounting method.
One of these adjusting entries is accrued interest expense.As of May 31, Quick Travel owed $1,022 × 9% ÷ 12 = $7.65 in interest to its bank. This interest had been accumulated but not yet recorded in the accounts. The company must accrue this interest in May as an expense, so it will be included in the income statement for the period.The adjusting entry can be recorded as shown below.
Interest Expense $7.65Interest Payable $7.65Explanation:Interest expense is a nominal account that shows the expense of borrowing money for Quick Travel. Interest payable is a current liability account that records the amount of interest that the company owes but has yet to pay. Therefore, the adjusting entry is posted to these two accounts affected by the adjustment.
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Identify one real-world problem, for example like this --> "It is difficult to recruit good wait staff who provide the level of customer service to which we have become accustomed." Then, analyze the problem space by answering some questions such as What are the reasons for these problems? Design a conceptual model for your addressed problem.
Real world problem: Lack of Accessible and Affordable Healthcare
Reasons for the problem:
High healthcare costs:
The rising costs of healthcare services, including insurance premiums, medical procedures, and prescription drugs, make it difficult for individuals to afford necessary medical care.
Limited insurance coverage:
Inadequate insurance coverage or lack of access to insurance prevents people from seeking timely and appropriate healthcare.
Unequal access:
Disparities in healthcare access based on socioeconomic status, geographical location, and marginalized populations lead to limited options for receiving quality healthcare.
Insufficient healthcare infrastructure:
Inadequate healthcare facilities, medical professionals, and resources in certain regions result in long waiting times, delayed diagnoses, and inadequate treatment.
Lack of preventive care and health education:
Insufficient emphasis on preventive healthcare measures and limited health education contribute to the prevalence of chronic diseases and the need for more expensive treatments.
Conceptual Model:
Improved Accessible and Affordable Healthcare
Universal healthcare coverage:
Implementing a comprehensive healthcare system that provides coverage for all individuals, regardless of their socioeconomic background, ensures equitable access to healthcare services.
Cost control measures:
Introducing regulations to control the rising costs of medical procedures, prescription drugs, and insurance premiums helps make healthcare more affordable for the general population.
Strengthening healthcare infrastructure:
Investing in the development and maintenance of healthcare facilities, expanding the number of medical professionals, and improving access to necessary medical resources, such as diagnostic tools and medications, can reduce waiting times and improve overall healthcare quality.
Emphasis on preventive care and health education:
Prioritizing preventive healthcare measures, such as regular check-ups, vaccinations, and health screenings, and promoting health education initiatives can reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases, leading to cost savings and improved overall health outcomes.
Telehealth and digital solutions:
Expanding telehealth services and leveraging digital technologies can enhance healthcare accessibility, especially for individuals in remote areas, by enabling remote consultations, electronic medical records, and remote monitoring of patients' conditions.
By addressing these aspects, the conceptual model aims to create a healthcare system that is accessible, affordable, and promotes proactive health management, ultimately improving overall health outcomes and reducing the burden on individuals and the healthcare system.
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Suppose you have been asked by a manager to do some extra work. You would like to help, but already have a full work load. To avoid any problems, you should 1__ the manager 2_ You should communicate_3__ and_4_ (Answer 1) Speak to Wrift to Email
When you are asked by a manager to do some extra work and you already have a full work load, to avoid any problems, you should 1. talk to the manager, 2. communicate your concerns, 3. explain your current workload, and 4. try to come up with a solution that works for both parties.
In the first step, you should speak to the manager. You can either meet the manager in person, or talk to them over the phone. You should explain that you would like to help, but you are concerned about your current workload. In the second step, you should communicate your concerns. You should explain that you are worried about not being able to complete the extra work on time because you already have a full workload. You should also explain that you don't want to let the manager down, but you need to be realistic about what you can accomplish.
In the third step, you should explain your current workload. You should provide details about the work that you are currently doing, and how long you expect it to take you to complete. This will give the manager a better understanding of what you are dealing with. In the final step, you should try to come up with a solution that works for both parties. This might involve delegating some of your current work to someone else, or it might involve extending the deadline for the extra work. You should work with the manager to find a solution that works for both of you.
In conclusion, when you are asked to do extra work, but you already have a full workload, you should talk to the manager, communicate your concerns, explain your current workload, and try to come up with a solution that works for both parties. You should be honest and realistic about what you can accomplish, and you should work with the manager to find a solution that works for everyone involved.
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the advantages of federalism, as seen by the founders, include which of the following?
The advantages of federalism, as seen by the founders, include the distribution of power, accommodation of diverse interests, and citizen participation.
The founders of the United States envisioned federalism as a means to achieve a balanced distribution of power. They sought to avoid the concentration of authority in a single entity, such as a central government, by dividing powers between the federal government and individual states. This division of power ensures a system of checks and balances, preventing potential tyranny and safeguarding individual liberties. It allows each level of government to have its own sphere of influence and responsibilities, creating a system where power is shared and no single entity becomes too dominant.
Another advantage of federalism lies in its capacity to accommodate diverse interests and local needs. By granting certain powers to individual states, federalism acknowledges regional variations and enables flexibility in policymaking. Different states can implement policies that reflect the specific circumstances, values, and preferences of their respective populations. This decentralized approach encourages innovation, experimentation, and healthy competition between states. It allows for policy solutions that are tailored to local contexts, fostering effective governance and responsiveness to the needs of the people.
Additionally, federalism enhances citizen participation and engagement in the political process. With multiple levels of government, citizens have opportunities to influence policies and decisions at both the federal and state levels. They can actively participate in elections, advocacy, and grassroots movements that shape policies affecting their communities. Federalism provides more localized representation, as citizens have greater access to their state governments and can interact with elected officials more directly. This strengthens democratic principles and accountability as citizens can hold their representatives accountable for decisions made at both the federal and state levels.
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Jerston Company has an annual plant capacity of 3000 units. Data concerning this product are given below: Annual sales at regular selling prices 2,500 units Manufacturing cost: Variable $20 Fixed (annual) $75,000 Selling and Admin Expenses Variable $6 per unit Fixed (annual) $15,000The company has received a special order for 500 units at a selling price of $45 each. Regular Sales would not be affected and the sales commission on the 500 units would be reduced by one-third. This special order would have no impact on total fixed costs. Required: Determine whether the company should accept the special order. Show all computations.
To determine whether Jerston Company should accept the special order, we need to compare the incremental revenue and costs associated with the order.
Incremental revenue: Number of units in the special order: 500 units, Selling price per unit: $45,Total revenue from the special order: 500 units * $45 = $22,500. Incremental costs: Manufacturing cost per unit: Variable cost of $20.Total manufacturing cost for the special order: 500 units * $20 = $10,000. Selling and Admin Expenses per unit: Variable cost of $6.Total Selling and Admin Expenses for the special order: 500 units * $6 = $3,000
Commission reduction:Sales commission reduction for the special order: one-third of the regular sales commission on 500 units. Regular sales commission on 500 units: 500 units * $45 * 3% (assuming a 3% commission rate) = $675Reduced sales commission on 500 units: $675 / 3 = $225. Total incremental costs: Manufacturing cost: $10,000
Selling and Admin Expenses: $3,000. Reduced sales commission: $225
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Chapter 10 Short Answer Question: In an agreement between a supplier and a customer, the supplier (e.g. Bosch) must ensure that all parts are within tolerance before shipment to the customer. What would be the effect on the cost of quality to the customer (e.g. Ford)? Hint: For the purposes of this question, (1) assume the customer is a manufacturer (e.g. Ford, Boeing, Apple, etc.) and the supplier provides a critical component to their product (e.g. Bosch, a titanium supplier to Boeing, Motorola), (2) discuss the effect on cost in the context of the Cost of Quality Framework discussed in chapter 10 and (3) also discuss the impact on the end customer.
When an agreement between a supplier and a customer is made, the supplier is required to ensure that all parts are within tolerance before shipment to the customer.
The Cost of Quality (CoQ) framework can be used to examine the effect of this agreement on the customer's cost of quality. The CoQ framework, as defined in Chapter 10 of the textbook, includes four categories of quality costs: prevention, appraisal, internal failure, and external failure.
External failure costs arise when non-conforming goods or services are delivered to the customer, resulting in the customer's cost of quality.The cost of quality to the customer will be reduced as a result of the supplier's commitment to ensuring that all parts are within tolerance before shipment to the customer.
Because the supplier is accountable for ensuring that all parts are within tolerance, the number of non-conforming goods or services delivered to the customer is reduced, resulting in a decrease in external failure costs. This, in turn, lowers the customer's cost of quality.
The impact on the end customer is a positive one. The reason is that the customer will be able to produce a better quality product if they receive a quality component.
As a result, the end customer will be pleased with the final product and the supplier will be able to build a long-term partnership with the customer.
Therefore, by using the CoQ framework, it can be concluded that the agreement between a supplier and a customer to ensure that all parts are within tolerance before shipment to the customer has a significant impact on the cost of quality to the customer, as well as the end customer.
The quality of the product produced by the end customer improves when a high-quality component is used in the manufacturing process.
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