You learned in the previous lesson that T cells require two independent signals to become activated. When T cells are activated, they acquire effector functions and begin to proliferate. This two-signal mechanism prevents the expansion of self-reactive effector T cells. Similarly, B cell receptor signaling alone is not sufficient to activate B cells. B cells require assistance from helper T cells to become activated by monovalent protein antigens and gain certain immune functions. What changes do you suspect will occur to B cells when they are activated by protein antigen and receive T cell help? (select all that apply)
a) They will generate memory cells that can respond to a subsequent exposure to antigen.
b) Their immunoglobulin genes will be mutated in a way that alters antigen affinity.
c) The isotype of their immunoglobulin (Ig) genes will change.
d) They will proliferate and expand.
e) They will secrete antibodies.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

a. They will generate memory cells that can respond to subsequent exposure to antigen.

d. They will proliferate and expand

e. They will secrete anti bodies

Explanation:

B cells are type of white blood cells who belong to lymphocyte subtype. They are activated by binding of antigen to receptors on cells surface, against which they initiate and antibody response. Some of these cell proliferate and divide while other become long lived memory cells that respond subsequent exposure to antigen at later stage.


Related Questions

In terms of the hierarchical scales of biological organization, __1__ are a very large scale, __2__ are a very small scale, and __3__ is between them.

Answers

Answer:

ecosystem, and biosphere

organelle and cells

tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities,

Explanation:

In terms of the hierarchical scales of biological organization, ecosystem, and biosphere are a very large scale,  organelle and cells are a very small scale, and tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations and communities, are present between them. The biological levels of organization of living things arranged from the simplest to most complex are organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere.

5. Which of the following professionals has the authority to prescribe medication and treatment?
A. Nurse practitioner
B. Clinical dietician
C. Nutritionist
D. Home health aide

Answers

Answer: A. Nurse practitioner

Explanation: Hope it helps

Answer:

A. Nurse practitioner

Explanation:

Have a great day!

Need answer ASAP! A car runs out of gas and slowly coasts to a stop. This is an example of the following?
O A. short time, small force
B. long time, small force
O c. short time, large force
D. long time, large force

Answers

They were is definitely long time

Answer: long time, small force

Dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase: ____________

a. Increase in the concentration of inorganic phosphate ion
b. Increase in the activity of glycogen phosphorylase
c. Increase of ATP concentration
d. Decreasing glycogen synthesis Increasing glycogen synthesis
e. No effect on glycogen synthesis

Answers

Answer:

b. Increase in activity of glycogen phosphorylase.

Explanation:

Glycogen synthase exists in two forms which is phosphorylated form which is covalent modification of serine residues by ATP and dephosphoryated form which is obtained using phosphatase on phosphorylated form. Glycogen phophorylase catalyzes hydrolysis of glycogen which shortens glycogen molecules.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a bacterial pathogen that can cause skin infections as well as pneumonia. Mtb is often phagocytosed by immune cells called macrophages that normally destroy bacterial pathogens, but Mtb is somehow able to prevent the maturation of phagosomes into phagolysosomes, and to live and replicate inside these organelles. Which of the following differences would you expect contribute to the survival of a bacterium within an Mtb-containing phagosome, compared to a phagolysosome? (select two answers)

Answers

Answer:

It mututates

Explanation:

It changes it form thus becomes resistant to phagocytes

Question 4 of 10
Erin is studying the rate at which bananas turn brown as part of her science
fair project. Her teacher asked her to include a scientific question in the
presentation. Which of the following is a reasonable scientific question for
Erin's project?
A. Do bananas prefer the temperature inside the refrigerator or on the
countertop?
B. Should students be required to do science fair projects?
C. What hypothesis is likely to lead to a winning science fair project?
D. How does the air temperature affect the rate at which a banana
turns brown?

Answers

Answer:

D. How does the air temperature affect the rate at which a banana

turns brown?

A student wants to know how the number of geese in a study area affects the number of parts in their songs. She
performs an experiment and records the data in a table.
Which two terms describe this type of data?
A. Qualitative
B. Theoretical
C. Empirical
D. Quantitative

Answers

Answer:

B. Theoretical

D. Quantitative

Explanation:Because she is not very sure of the answer but is aware of her solution

Theoretical and quantitative! Quantity would be numerical data (number of geese) Theoretical at this is hypothetical.

A 55-year-old male is sent to your office to have an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. He is a heavy drinker and smoker who also consumes spicy foods on a daily basis. He is quite anxious about having the procedure performed and is afraid he might choke during insertion of the scope. His father and younger brother were both diagnosed with esophageal cancer. His father died, but the brother was just recently diagnosed and is taking chemotherapy.
A. List the risk factors the patient has for developing esophageal cancer.
B. How might you calm the patient's fears about the procedure?

Answers

Answer and Explanation:

A. The risk factors for this patient are age, family history, and smoking and alcoholism. That's because, most cases of esophageal cancer are detected at age 55 years. We must not forget that cancer is a disease with great genetic potential, which means that, as the father and brother of this patient had this type of cancer, this patient has a high probability of developing the same cancer. Furthermore, the constant consumption of cigarettes doubles the risk of developing esophageal cancer. This risk is also increased by alcoholism.

B. To calm the patient down, I would say that there is a very small and almost non-existent risk that he will choke or even feel the endoscopy insertion, as the entire procedure is done with the patient anesthetized and sedated.

The risk factors the patient has for developing esophageal cancer as well as how you can calm the patients fears about the procedure are as follows

A) Risk factors include

People between the age of 45 and 70 have the more risk of esophageal cancer.

If the patient has genetic signs of cancer from the past generations may have highest risk of esophageal cancer.

Males have more risk than women that is 3 to 4 times to develop esophageal cancer.

Alcohol consumption also increases the risk of esophageal cancer.

Too much weight or obesity increases the risk of esophageal cancer.

Deficiency in nutrients, vitamins and minerals can increase risk of esophageal cancer.

B) Calming the patients fears

Make the patient be happy and stress free.

Do exercise which produces mood boost endorphins that get rid of worries and stress.

Stay positive, being friendly keep good health.

For more information on esophagogastroduodenoscopy, visit

https://brainly.com/question/22784261?referrer=searchResults

Which of the following are what
the different wavelengths of light
we can see make up?
A. carotene
B. the fundamental colors
C. the visible spectrum
D. light-absorbing molecules

Answers

Answer:

C. The visible spectrum

Explanation:

The visible spectrum of light makes up all of the different light wavelengths that we can see with our own eyes.

This is called visible light, and it is made up of the 7 colors of the rainbow.

The human eye can naturally detect these wavelengths of light.

So, the correct answer is C. The visible spectrum

On a plant, stomates are small openings that regulate the passage of air and water vapor to and from the plant. Generally, the stomates open during sunlight and exchange gases with the atmosphere. The stomates of a few specialized desert plants can open only at night. The best explanation for the pattern of stomate opening and closing is that the desert plants are adapted to protect against
(1) harmful insects
(2) dust particles
(3) destructive plant disease
(4) excess water loss
(5) total energy loss

Please help me somebody answer this.

Answers

Answer:

4

Explanation:

this is because when the stomata opens during the day it would lose much water to the atmosphere so it tends to open during the night and close during the day

the answer is 4 because The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the leaf (as well as the loss of water vapor in transpiration) occurs through pores called stomata (singular = stoma). Normally stomata open when the light strikes the leaf in the morning and close during the night.

Reactive hyperemia is an example of .......... control of local blood flow .
and is a ........ response

A) Myogenic-Short term
B) Chemical-Long term
C) Neural-Short term
D) Metabolic-Short term

Answers

Answer:

metabolic short term

Explanation:

Reactive hyperemia is the blood flow response to blood flow Occlusion whereas active active is a blood flow response to increase tissue metabolic activity

A thermometer is placed in water in order to measure the water’s temperature. What would cause the liquid in the thermometer to drop?

Answers

Answer:

The kinetic energy of the water molecules decreases which causes the liquid in the thermometers to drop.

Explanation:

Hope this helped. Could you please make me Brainliest? It's alright if you don't though ☺️

the job transfer rna is to bring specific amino acids to be added to the peptide chain during protein synthesis which takes palce in the

A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Golgi apparatus

Answers

The answer is B. RIBOSOME

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to screen a novel compound. The MIC was found to be 10ng/mL. Use the following data to determine the percent recovery for each treatment group. What is the MBC and would you describe the antimicrobial tested as static or cidal?

Novel compound concentration CFU/mL Present Recovery
0ng mL 3.4 x 10^5
10ng/mL 2.4 x 10^5
20ng/mL 6.4 x 10^4
40ng/mL 1.4 x 10^4
80n mL 4.4 x 10^3
160n mL 0

Answers

Answer:

a) Percent recovery

100%, 70.58%, 4.11%, 1.29% , 0%

b) MBC = 160 ng mL

c) Static

Explanation:

A) Calculate the percent recovery for each group

i) for 0ng mL

( 3.4*10^5 / 3.4*10^5 ) * 100 = 100%

ii) for 10ng mL

( (2.4 * 10^5) / (3.4 * 10^5) ) * 100 = 70.58%

iii) for 20ng mL

( ( 6.4 * 10^5 ) / ( 3.4 * 10^5 ) ) * 100 = Nil

iv) for 40 ng mL

( ( 1.4 * 10^4 ) / ( 3.4 * 10^5 ) ) * 100 = 4.11 %

v) for 80 ng mL

( ( 4.4 * 10^3 ) / ( 3.4 * 10^5 ) ) * 100 = 1.29%

vi) for 160 n mL

percentage recovery = 0%

B) what is the MBC

The value of MBC = 160 n mL because at this concentration CFU/mL = 0

c) determine if the antimicrobial tested is static or cidal

condition : If, the ratio of MBC : MIC  is  ≤4 then novel compound is Cidal

MBC / MIC =  160ng / 10ng = 16 : 1

hence we can conclude that the antimicrobial tested is STATIC

which of the following is a major determinant of the distribution pattern of a population?
1 social interactions
2 habitat area
3 rate of population growth
4 the ages of the individuals

Answers

Answer:

rate of population growth

If you were rolling dice in a casino and observed results comparable to those observed in Part 2, would you assume the dice were faulty or rigged? Explain your answer using data from your chi-square analysis.

Answers

Answer:

Yes, I would guess that the dice are faulty or rigged.

Explanation:

Yes, I would guess that the dice are faulty or rigged.

This is because the chi-square analysis indicates that there is a less than 5% probability that the difference between the expected and observed results were due to pure chance.

Close examination of a healthy organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels and one surface of the cells lines the cavity of the organ. This tissue is a type of

Answers

Answer:

fat tissue

Explanation:

describe any four factors affecting the distribution and diversity of crustaceans in marine ecosystems

Answers

Answer:

En marina es: sobre pesca, cambio climático, especies invasoras, acuicultura. En terrestres es: inundaciones, calentamiento global, gases de invernadero, radiación reflejada.Explanation:ponme corona

Lowest to highest degree of internal organization stomach

Answers

Answer: Epithelial stomach cell, stomach lining tissue, stomach and then the whole digestive system.

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TenishaTon Ambitious 5.1K answers 44.8M people helped

Is the word ‘Autotroph’ rightly used to describe animals based on nutrition? Justify

Answers

Answer:

Autotrophs are the producers in the food chain, meaning they create their own nutrients and energy

Answer: I don't think that they are known as 'Autotroph'

Explanation: Encyclopedic entry. An autotroph is an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals. Because autotrophs produce their own food, they are sometimes called producers.

A population of lab rats recently escaped into the sewer system of Washington, D.C. A brave researcher sampled this population and estimated the following phenotypic frequencies (which were caused by a single gene with two alleles: E and e).
61% normal eyes (EE)
26% cross-eyed (Ee)
13% blind (ee)
If this population were to reach a Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) in one generation, what would the phenotypic frequencies be in that new HWE generation? Let freq (e)=p and freq (e)=q. (Tip first calculate p and q from the observed, and provided, phenotypic frequencies)
freq EE =
freq Ee =
freq ee =

Answers

Answer:

freq EE = 0.55 freq Ee = 0.38  freq ee = 0.07

Explanation:

Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files.

If a diglyceride is formed, how many water molecules are involved?

a.
One.

b.
It depends upon the length of the fatty acids involved.

c.
Two.

d.
Three.

e.
None.

Answers

Answer:

b.

It depends upon the length of the fatty acids involved

What two aspects of internal control must the auditor assess when performing procedures to obtain an understanding of internal control?

Answers

The auditor must obtain an understanding of and perform tests of controls related to all significant account balances, classes of transactions, and disclosures and related assertions in the financial statements.

Can somebody help me

Answers

Answer:

sure what's your problem.

Explanation:

Tell me.

what is cyclic and noncyclic photo-phosphorylation​

Answers

Explanation:

The photophosphorylation process which results in the movement of the electrons in a cyclic manner for synthesizing ATP molecules is called cyclic photophosphorylation. ... During cyclic photophosphorylation, the electrons are transferred back to P700 instead of moving into the NADP from the electron acceptor

hope it helps you

For what purpose is the mineral corundum commonly used?
O A. To make pencils
O B. To make false teeth
O C. To make emery boards
O D. To make drinking glasses

Answers

Answer:

D I guess because grinding optical glass and for polishing metals and has also been made into sandpapers and grinding wheels.

Answer:

It's to make emery boards

Explanation:

I just took the test

Fertilization, Fruit and Seed Formation x3 3. a. name the two processes that lead to seed formation in flowering

Answers

Answer:

Pollination, the transfer of pollen from flower-to-flower in angiosperms or cone ... In angiosperms, the process of seed development begins with double ...

Missing: x3 ‎| Must include: x3

State whether the following statements are true or False. Hormones in plants travel by the vascular bundle.​

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

In plants, hormones travel large throughout the body via the vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) and cell-to-cell via plasmodesmata. In contrast, many animal hormones are produced only in specific glands. Plants do not have specialized hormone-producing glands.

What is data that is not directly collected or observed by the scientist called?

Answers

Answer:

Data that is not directly collected or observed by the scientist

It means that the data that was collected by someone else that is not the scientist, it may include censuses, surveys, data bases or other sort of information.

Explanation:

3. Which of the following conditions are NOT vital to evolution?
a. overproduction
b. finite resources
c. the environment
d. the fossil record

Answers

Answer:

The answer would be D. The fossil record

Explanation:

The fossil record is for proving evolution, not a factor that causes evolution.

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