To answer the questions regarding Zero Motorcycles' operations, let's break down the information provided step by step:Annual Demand (D):
The annual demand refers to the total number of motorcycles sold in a year. In this case, the motorcycle plant assembles and sells 250 motorcycles each day. To calculate the annual demand, we need to multiply the daily production by the number of working days in a year. Assuming there are 365 working days in a year, the annual demand (D) would be:D = 250 motorcycles/day * 365 days/year
Cost per Unit (C):The cost per unit is the cost incurred by Zero Motorcycles for each motorcycle it produces. In this case, each motorcycle requires an engine, and the cost of an engine is given as $775. Therefore, the cost per unit (C) would be $775.The fixed cost incurred per order is the cost associated with placing an order for engines. Each trip to transport the engines between the two plants costs $2,200. Since this cost is incurred for each order, it can be considered as the fixed cost per order (S).
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In the consumer’s model with monetary income, a Giffen good
cannot be a normal good
True
False
In the consumer's model with monetary income, a Giffen good cannot be a normal good. The statement is False.
What is a Giffen good?Giffen goods are goods whose quantity demanded increases when their prices rise. When the price of a Giffen good rises, it becomes difficult for consumers to buy that product. They will have to sacrifice other items they can afford to buy the Giffen product. As a result, the demand for the product will rise. This is unusual, as the substitution effect should cause the quantity demanded of a good to decrease when its price rises. However, with Giffen goods, the income effect outweighs the substitution effect.A normal good is a good whose quantity demanded increases when consumer income rises.Because Giffen goods have an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded, they cannot be classified as normal goods.
Hence, its false.
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CASE STUDY [30 Marks]
How to Avoid Being Part of 90% of Failed Companies
As an entrepreneur, you have probably heard or read the "maxim"
that only 10% of startups are successful, but is this true?
The statement that only 10% of startups are successful is a popular myth. Although there is no one definition for success, it is generally agreed that a successful startup is one that can sustainably generate profits over time. According to studies, the actual success rate for startups varies by industry, but it is generally around 20%.
Despite this higher success rate, it is still important to take steps to avoid becoming part of the 80% of startups that fail within their first 18 months. One key factor in startup failure is the lack of a solid business plan. Entrepreneurs should take the time to conduct market research and develop a detailed plan that includes information on the target audience, competition, marketing strategies, and financial projections.
Another common mistake is the failure to understand the importance of cash flow. Startups should focus on generating revenue early on and maintaining positive cash flow to avoid running out of funds. Entrepreneurs should also be willing to pivot their business model if necessary and learn from failures along the way.
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The after-tax cost of debt • varies inversely to market interest rates • will generally exceed the cost of equity if the relevant tax rate is zero
• is equal to the pre-tax cost of debt • is directly related to the cost of equity • has a greater effect on a firm's cost of capital when the debt-equity ratio increases
The after-tax cost of debt refers to the cost of the debt incurred by the company. This cost of the debt of the company is paid after the taxes are calculated on the interest payments. This cost is directly related to the market interest rates. The after-tax cost of debt will generally exceed the cost of equity if the relevant tax rate is zero.
In other words, the after-tax cost of debt will be lower than the cost of equity in the presence of tax because interest payments are tax-deductible. If there is no tax, there is no benefit of paying interest and hence the cost of debt would exceed the cost of equity. The after-tax cost of debt is equal to the pre-tax cost of debt, minus the tax savings that result from the tax-deductibility of interest payments.
The formula to calculate the after-tax cost of debt is After-tax Cost of Debt = Pre-tax Cost of Debt x (1 - Tax Rate).The after-tax cost of debt has a greater effect on a firm's cost of capital when the debt-equity ratio increases. This is because an increase in debt would lead to an increase in interest payments, which would increase the after-tax cost of debt. As a result, the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of the company would increase, and the company would become riskier to investors.
To sum up, the after-tax cost of debt varies inversely to market interest rates, will generally exceed the cost of equity if the relevant tax rate is zero, is equal to the pre-tax cost of debt, is directly related to the cost of equity, and has a greater effect on a firm's cost of capital when the debt-equity ratio increases.
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PLEASE GIVE YOUR ANSWER AGREE OR DISAGREE WITH 2 SUPPORTED
REASONS
a. "Leasing reduces risk and can reduce a firm's cost of capital". Discuss briefly with TWO (2) supported reasons if you agree or disagree with the statement. (8 Marks)
Leasing is an agreement in which the owner of the asset permits another person or organization to use it for a certain period of time in exchange for payments.
According to some experts, leasing has several benefits. The statement “Leasing reduces risk and can reduce a firm’s cost of capital” can be agreed upon or disagreed with, depending on the context and reasoning. In this answer, we’ll discuss briefly why the statement can be agreed or disagreed with, with two supported reasons. Let’s begin.
Agree Leasing reduces risk and can reduce a firm's cost of capital. This statement is true in several situations. Here are two reasons to support this claim:1. Reduced RiskIn many cases, leasing reduces risk for firms. This is because the leasing firm is responsible for maintaining the leased asset in good condition. It also takes on the risk of any potential decline in the asset’s value.
Therefore, if a firm experiences a decline in profits or economic downturn, it is not bound by the asset’s ownership. Moreover, leased assets can be quickly replaced or upgraded. As a result, leasing reduces the overall risk profile of a company, which can reduce its cost of capital.
2. Tax Benefits Leasing can also provide tax benefits. This is because lease payments are tax-deductible. This allows a firm to reduce its taxable income, which can ultimately lower its cost of capital. Moreover, leasing firms can take advantage of tax benefits associated with depreciation, which is the process of allocating the cost of the asset over its useful life.
This allows firms to pay lower taxes, which can lower their cost of capital.DisagreeLeasing reduces risk and can reduce a firm's cost of capital. This statement may not be true in certain cases. Here are two reasons to support this claim:1. Higher Total CostWhile leasing may reduce the upfront cost of acquiring an asset, it can increase the total cost of ownership.
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The shares of XYZ Inc. are currently selling for $120 per share. The shares are expected to go up by 10 percent or down by 5 percent in each of the following two months (Month 1 and Month 2). XYZ Inc. is also expected to pay a dividend yield of 2 percent at the end of Month 1. The risk-free rate is 0.5 percent per month.
What is the value of an American call option on XYZ shares, with an exercise price of $125 and two months to expiration? Use the binomial model to obtain the answer
Answer: $0.
To determine the value of an American call option on XYZ shares, with an exercise price of $125 and two months to expiration, using the binomial model, we need to follow the steps below:
Step 1: Calculate the up and down factorsThe up factor, u is calculated using the formula: u = 1 + r - dwhere r is the expected return and d is the dividend yield. Here,r = 0.1 + 0.02 = 0.12d = 0.02u = 1 + 0.12 - 0.02u = 1.1The down factor, d is calculated using the formula: d = 1 / uHere, d = 1 / 1.1d = 0.9091
Step 2: Construct the binomial treeWe use a two-step tree to represent the movement of the share price over the two-month period. This tree is constructed as shown below:We assume that the price of the share is currently $120.
Then, after one month, the share price can either go up to $132 (if the up state is realized) or down to $109.09 (if the down state is realized). After the second month, the share price can either go up to $145.20 (if the up state is realized twice) or down to $98.35 (if the down state is realized twice).
Step 3: Calculate the call option valuesWe can calculate the call option value at each node on the tree, working backward from the terminal nodes.
At the final nodes, the call option value is calculated as:Call option value = Max[0, S - E]where S is the share price and E is the exercise price.At the node where the share price is $145.20,
the call option value is calculated as:Call option value = Max[0, 145.20 - 125]Call option value = $20.20At the node where the share price is $109.09,
the call option value is calculated as:Call option value = Max[0, 109.09 - 125]Call option value = $0
At the nodes where the share price is $132 and $98.35,
we need to calculate the expected call option value, using the formula:Expected call option value = (p × Cu) + (1 - p) × Cdwhere Cu is the call option value in the up state, Cd is the call option value in the down state, and p is the risk-neutral probability of an up move.
The risk-neutral probability of an up move is calculated as:p = (1 + r - d) / (u - d)where r is the risk-free rate, which is given as 0.5% per month.At the node where the share price is $132, the expected call option value is calculated as:p = (1 + 0.005 - 0.9091) / (1.1 - 0.9091)p = 0.5781Cu = Max[0, 132 - 125]Cu = $7Expected call option value = (0.5781 × 7) + (1 - 0.5781) × 0
Expected call option value = $4.04At the node where the share price is $98.35, the expected call option value is calculated as:p = (1 + 0.005 - 0.9091) / (1.1 - 0.9091)p = 0.5781Cd = Max[0, 98.35 - 125]Cd = $0Expected call option value = (0.5781 × 0) + (1 - 0.5781) × 0Expected call option value = $0
Step 4: Calculate the call option value at the initial nodeThe call option value at the initial node is the expected call option value at that node.
The expected call option value is calculated as:Expected call option value = (p × Cu) + (1 - p) × Cdwhere Cu is the call option value in the up state, Cd is the call option value in the down state, and p is the risk-neutral probability of an up move.
At the initial node, the share price is $120, and the expected call option value is calculated as:p = (1 + 0.005 - 0.9091) / (1.1 - 0.9091)p = 0.5781Cu = Max[0, 120 × 1.1 - 125]Cu = $0Expected call option value = (0.5781 × 0) + (1 - 0.5781) × 0
Expected call option value = $0Therefore, the value of an American call option on XYZ shares, with an exercise price of $125 and two months to expiration, using the binomial model is $0. Answer: $0.
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The demand for labor in a certain industry is N D =300−w, where N D is the number of workers employers want to hire and w is the real wage measured in dollars per day. The supply of labor in the same industry is N S
=200+w, where N S
is the number of people willing to work. A. According to this model, what is the equilibrium wage and employment in this industry? Show your work. B. According to this model, what is the equilibrium level of unemployment and why? C. According to this model, if the minimum wage is set at $60 per day, how many workers will be unemployed? Please, show your work.
The labor market equilibrium is the point at which the supply of labor equals the demand for labor. This point is determined by the intersection of the supply and demand curves.
The model below gives the demand and supply of labor in a certain industry:ND = 300 - w ... (1)NS = 200 + w ... (2)whereND is the number of workers employers want to hire and w is the real wage measured in dollars per day;NS is the number of people willing to work.
We are to determine the equilibrium bbband employment in this industry.A. Equilibrium wage and employmentThe equilibrium wage is the wage at which the quantity of labor demanded equals the quantity of labor supplied. Equating (1) and (2), we have:ND = NS300 - w = 200 + ww = 50Therefore, the equilibrium wage is $50 per day. To determine employment, substitute the equilibrium wage into the demand equation:ND = 300 - w = 300 - 50 = 250Therefore, the equilibrium employment is 250.
B. Equilibrium level of unemployment and whyUnemployment refers to people willing and able to work but are not employed. At the equilibrium wage, the number of people willing to work is equal to the number of workers employers want to hire. Therefore, there is no unemployment in the labor market.
C. If the minimum wage is set at $60 per day, how many workers will be unemployed?The minimum wage is above the equilibrium wage, which leads to a surplus of labor. Employers want to hire fewer workers than the number of people willing to work, and this results in unemployment.
To determine the number of workers unemployed, substitute the minimum wage into the labor supply equation:NS = 200 + w = 200 + 60 = 260Substituting this value into the demand equation gives the quantity of labor demanded at the minimum wage:ND = 300 - w = 300 - 60 = 240The quantity of labor supplied exceeds the quantity demanded, so there is a surplus of labor of:NS - ND = 260 - 240 = 20Therefore, 20 workers will be unemployed.
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Discuss the role of production and operations in SCM in detail.
The role of production and operations in supply chain management (SCM) is to ensure that products are produced efficiently and effectively. Production and operations include all the activities that go into the production of a product, from the sourcing of raw materials to the delivery of finished goods to the end customer. This process includes all the different stages of production, including design, development, production, and delivery.
Production and operations are responsible for managing the production process to ensure that it is cost-effective and efficient. They must also ensure that the production process is able to meet demand and that products are delivered to customers on time. To achieve this, production and operations managers must be able to manage all aspects of the production process, including inventory, logistics, and quality control. Production and operations are also responsible for ensuring that products are of high quality and meet the customer's needs. They must work closely with other departments, such as sales and marketing, to understand customer needs and develop products that meet those needs. This requires close collaboration between different departments, as well as a focus on continuous improvement and innovation.
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Assignment 1 - Projected (Pro Forma) Financial Statements:
Based on the data below, complete Pro Forma Financial Statements (Based on regression analysis, your company has determined that it has an annual sales growth of 6% per year)
Net Sales = $800,000
Cost of Goods Sold = $600,000
Fixed Operating Costs = $50,000
Depreciation = $20,000
Interest Expense = $20,000
Income Tax Rate = 20%
Cash = $10,000
Accounts Receivable = $90,000
Inventory = $140,000
Equipment (net) = $200,000
Accounts Payable = $20,000
Notes Payable = $40,000
Long-Term Bonds = $150,000
Common Stock = $90,000
Retained Earnings = $140,000
Pro Forma financial statements are projected financial statements that show how a business will perform in the future.
What does it show?The pro forma income statement shows the expected earnings from revenues, expenses, and taxes, while the pro forma balance sheet shows the expected assets, liabilities, and equity.
Based on the data provided, here are the projected Pro Forma financial statements:
Pro Forma Income Statement
Net Sales (1.06) $800,000 = $848,000
Cost of Goods Sold (1.06) $600,000 = $636,000
Gross Profit = $212,000
Fixed Operating Costs = $50,000
Depreciation = $20,000
Interest Expense = $20,000
Earnings Before Taxes = $122,000
Income Taxes (20%) = $24,400
Net Income = $97,600
Pro Forma Balance Sheet
Assets
Cash = $10,000
Accounts Receivable (1.06) $90,000 = $95,400
Inventory (1.06) $140,000 = $148,400
Equipment (net) (1.06) $200,000 = $212,000
Total Assets = $465,800
Liabilities
Accounts Payable = $20,000
Notes Payable = $40,000
Long-Term Bonds = $150,000
Total Liabilities = $210,000
Equity
Common Stock = $90,000
Retained Earnings (as of year-end) = $140,000
Net Income = $97,600
Total Equity = $327,600
Total Liabilities and Equity = $537,600
The net sales, cost of goods sold, and equipment are all projected to increase by 6% due to the regression analysis that was conducted.
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Ten percent of a company's total output consists of baseballs, 10% consists of softballs, and 15% consists of tennis balls. Its only remaining product is handballs. If we place balls in a box in the same ratios as the company's output and select a ball at random from the box, what is the probability of the following? (Enter your probabilities as fractions.)
(a) the ball is a baseball
(b) the ball is a tennis ball
(c) the ball is not a softball (d) the ball is a handball
Answer:
a) 10% (baseballs) / 35% (total) = 2/7
b)15% (tennis balls) / 35% (total) = 3/7
c) 100% - 10% (softballs) = 90%
d) 100% - 10% (baseballs) - 10% (softballs) - 15% (tennis balls) = 65%
Explanation:
(a) To find the probability that the ball is a baseball, we first need to add up the percentages of baseballs, softballs, and tennis balls to get the total percentage:
10% (baseballs) + 10% (softballs) + 15% (tennis balls) = 35%
So, 35% of the company's output consists of one of these three types of balls. Since 10% of that output consists of baseballs, we can find the probability of selecting a baseball by dividing the percentage of baseballs by the total percentage:
10% (baseballs) / 35% (total) = 2/7
Therefore, the probability of selecting a baseball is 2/7.
(b) Similarly, to find the probability that the ball is a tennis ball, we divide the percentage of tennis balls by the total percentage:
15% (tennis balls) / 35% (total) = 3/7
Therefore, the probability of selecting a tennis ball is 3/7.
(c) To find the probability that the ball is not a softball, we need to subtract the percentage of softballs from 100% (since there are no other types of balls besides these four):
100% - 10% (softballs) = 90%
Therefore, the probability of selecting a ball that is not a softball is 90%.
(d) Since the company's remaining product is handballs, we know that the percentage of handballs is:
100% - 10% (baseballs) - 10% (softballs) - 15% (tennis balls) = 65%
Therefore, the probability of selecting a handball is 65%.
If you decided to capitalize on the gig economy and pursue a portfolio-style career, what might be one benefit to you? How would you provide health care coverage, retirement accounts, paid sick days etc?
If one were to capitalize on the gig economy and pursue a portfolio-style career, one of the benefits would be that they would have greater control over their work schedule, work environment, and the projects they take on.
Working as a freelancer or independent contractor allows for more autonomy and flexibility when compared to traditional 9-5 jobs.
To provide health care coverage, gig workers can look into purchasing their own health insurance plans. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) allows for self-employed individuals to purchase health insurance through the Health Insurance Marketplace. This is a good option for those who don't have access to employer-sponsored health insurance.
Retirement accounts can be set up through various financial institutions, such as a traditional IRA or a Roth IRA .
Overall, while there are certainly challenges to providing benefits for oneself as a gig worker, the greater flexibility and autonomy can make the effort worth it for those who desire that type of career.
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On December 31,2020 , University Securty Inc. showed the following: 'All of the shares had been issued early in \( 2019 . \) Required: Part 1: Calculate book value per common share and preferred share
We must divide the different equity values by the number of existing shares in order to arrive at University Security Inc.'s book value per common share and per preferred share on December 31, 2020.
common share book value: The total equity (excluding preferred stock) is divided by the total number of outstanding common shares to arrive at the book value per common share. The equation is: Book value per common share = Common equity / Outstanding Common Shares. By dividing the total number of outstanding preferred shares by the preferred equity, the book value per preferred share is determined. The equation is: Book value per preferred share is calculated as (Preferred equity) / (Number of outstanding preferred shares). Describe the common equity and preferred equity values, please. I will be able to determine the book value per share for each class by taking into account the amount of equity) and the number of shares outstanding for both common and preference shares.
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an obligation to purchase a specific amount of currency at a future point in time is called a:
An obligation to purchase a specific amount of currency at a future point in time is called a forward contract. A forward contract is a contract between two parties to purchase or sell an asset at a specified future time at a price agreed upon at the time of contract execution.
This agreement allows both parties to secure a price for the currency that is traded on the settlement date.The forward contract is a commitment between two parties to buy or sell an underlying asset on a specific future date at a price. It is a type of derivative that is traded over-the-counter (OTC). The forward contract is used as a hedging instrument to manage currency risk.
It is an effective way of managing currency risk because it allows the parties involved to lock in a price for the currency to be traded at a future date, regardless of the currency's market price. The forward contract is used by importers and exporters to mitigate currency risk, multinational corporations, and institutional investors.
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A community of practice is a social system in which individuals interact to share and develop knowledge. True (B) False \( \operatorname{Sin} \)
The statement "A community of practice is a social system in which individuals interact to share and develop knowledge" is true.
A community of practice is a group of people who come together to share and develop knowledge. This is a form of social learning that is organized around a common interest, a shared profession, or a specific domain of knowledge.
Members of the community learn from each other by sharing experiences, best practices, and the latest developments in their field.Individuals in a community of practice interact with each other to share and develop knowledge.
Members share a common interest in a particular area of expertise, and their interactions are based on mutual learning. They may share information, provide feedback on each other's work, and collaborate on projects.
The community of practice can also function as a forum for members to share challenges and receive feedback and support from others who have experienced similar problems.
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Champ Incorporated budgets the following sales in units for the coming two months. Each month's ending inventory of finished units should be 60% of the next month's sales. The April 30 finished goods inventory is 126 units. May June Budgeted sales units 210 250 Prepare the production budget for May Answer is not complete. CHAMP, INCORPORATED Production Budget May Budgeted sales units Add: Desired ending Inventory Budgeted sales units 210 126 X Total required units Less: Beginning inventory units Units to produce
The production budget is one of the critical parts of the manufacturing process of a company. It details how many units of a particular product are required to meet the company's sales target.
Champ Incorporated budgets the following sales in units for the coming two months. Each month's ending inventory of finished units should be 60% of the next month's sales. The April 30 finished goods inventory is 126 units. May June Budgeted sales units 210 250 Prepare the production budget for May.
Given the above data, the production budget of the Champ Incorporated for May is shown below: Calculation of Required Production Budget for May:Budgeted sales units (May) 210Add:
Desired ending inventory (June) (60% × 250) 150Total required units 360Less: Beginning inventory units (April) 126Units to produce (May) 234Units to produce = Total required units - Beginning inventory unitsUnits to produce = 360 - 126 = 234,
the required production budget for Champ Incorporated in May is 234 units. Hence, the answer is more than 100 words.
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What social media campaign did Oreo create to celebrate their 100th Anniversary?
a) Creating and posting 100 pieces of shareable content created in 100 days.
b) Encouraging followers to create videos featuring Oreo cookies.
c) Giving away 100 free Oreo cookies to their top 100 followers.
d) Encouraging followers to post 100 reasons why they love Oreo cookies.
The correct answer is: a) Creating and posting 100 pieces of shareable content created in 100 days.
Oreo celebrated their 100th Anniversary by launching a social media campaign that involved creating and posting 100 pieces of shareable content over the span of 100 days. This campaign aimed to engage their audience and build excitement around the brand's milestone achievement. By consistently sharing content over a prolonged period, Oreo was able to maintain a strong online presence, spark conversations, and generate interest in their brand. This strategy allowed Oreo to leverage social media platforms to celebrate their anniversary while also connecting with their followers and fans in a meaningful way.
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Effective use of Supply Chain Management software is generally expected to provide all of the following benefits except:
Multiple Choice
a) Reduced inventory carrying costs.
b) Lower payroll costs.
c) Better communications with suppliers.
d) Lower production costs.
b) Lower payroll costs. Effective use of Supply Chain Management software is generally expected to provide all of the following benefits except:
The effective use of Supply Chain Management (SCM) software is generally expected to provide benefits such as reduced inventory carrying costs, better communications with suppliers, and lower production costs. However, lowering payroll costs is not directly associated with SCM software. Payroll costs primarily depend on factors such as labor wages, employee benefits, and workforce management practices, which are not directly influenced by SCM software. While SCM software can help optimize supply chain operations and improve efficiency, its primary focus is on enhancing supply chain processes rather than directly impacting payroll costs.
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Union members who present themselves as job applicants and upon hiring organize from within the company, are referred to as ________.
a. free agents
b. salts
c. free riders
d. whistle-blowers
b. salts. The term "salt" is derived from the phrase "salting the workforce" with union sympathizers.
Union members who present themselves as job applicants and then organize from within the company are commonly known as "salts." Salting is a tactic used by unions to gain influence and organize employees within a company. Salts strategically apply for jobs to gain access to the workplace and advocate for unionization among the employees. By blending in as regular employees, they aim to build support and push for collective bargaining rights.
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Mellon Inc. issued corporate bonds with a tenure of 10 years and a coupon rate of 6%. The maturity value of each bond is $1,000 and the interest payments are made on an annual basis. Required: a. Compute the price of each bond when the market rate and coupon rate are equal. (5 Marks) b. Compute the price of each bond when the market rate is 4%. (5 Marks) c. Compute the price of each bond when the market rate is 8%. (5 Marks) d. Explain the term structure of bonds using the answers to the above questions. (10 Marks)
a. Compute the price of each bond when the market rate and coupon rate are equal When the coupon rate is equal to the market rate,
the price of the bond is equal to its face value,
$1,000. This is because the yield to maturity (YTM) equals the coupon rate,
meaning that the bond is fairly priced .b.
Compute the price of each bond when the market rate is 4%.When the market rate falls to 4%, the bond's price would increase. The formula to calculate the bond price is:P = PMT × (1 - 1/(1 + i)n)/i + FV/(1 + i)nWhere:P = price of the bondFV = face value of the bondPMT = annual interest paymenti = market interest rate per periodn = number of periodsUsing the information given:
PMt = $1,000 × 6% = $60i = 4% / 1 = 0.04n = 10Therefore,P = $60 × (1 - 1/(1 + 0.04)10)/0.04 + $1,000/(1 + 0.04)10= $1,143.07c. Compute the price of each bond when the market rate is 8%.When the market rate increases to 8%, the bond's price would decrease.
Using the same formula as in part b:PMt = $1,000 × 6% = $60i = 8% / 1 = 0.08n = 10Therefore,P = $60 × (1 - 1/(1 + 0.08)10)/0.08 + $1,000/(1 + 0.08)10= $869.06d. Explain the term structure of bonds using the answers to the above questions.The term structure of bonds refers to the relationship between the yield to maturity and the time to maturity for bonds with similar credit ratings.
As the market rate fluctuates, it affects the bond's yield to maturity, and thus its price. When the market rate is equal to the coupon rate, the bond is priced at face value. When the market rate is lower than the coupon rate, the bond is priced at a premium, and when the market rate is higher than the coupon rate, the bond is priced at a discount. The bond price and yield to maturity are inversely related, meaning that when the bond price increases, the yield to maturity decreases, and vice versa.
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Lodge Company makes cast-iron buckets. The following information is available for Lodge Company’s anticipated annual volume of 50,000 buckets.
Per Unit Total
Direct materials $20
Direct labor $10
Variable manufacturing overhead $25
Fixed manufacturing overhead $750,000
Variable selling and administrative expenses $18
Fixed selling and administrative expenses $450,000
The company has a desired ROI of 30%. It has invested assets of $5,500,000.
a. Compute the total cost per unit. b. Compute the desired ROI per unit. c. Compute the target selling price (to 2 decimals).
a. Compute the total cost per unit: Total Variable Cost per unit = Direct Materials + Direct Labor + Variable Manufacturing Overhead + Variable Selling and Administrative Expenses
Total Variable Cost per unit = $20 + $10 + $25 + $18 = $73
Total Fixed Cost per unit = Fixed Manufacturing Overhead + Fixed Selling and Administrative Expenses
Total Fixed Cost per unit = $750,000 + $450,000 = $1,200,000
Total Cost per unit = Total Variable Cost per unit + Total Fixed Cost per unit
Total Cost per unit = $73 + $1,200,000 / 50,000
Total Cost per unit = $97.40
Answer: a. $97.40
b. Desired ROI per unit: Desired ROI per unit = Investment x ROI% / Volume
Desired ROI per unit = $5,500,000 x 30% / 50,000
Desired ROI per unit = $16.50
Answer: b. $16.50
c. Compute the target selling price (to 2 decimals):
Target Selling Price = Total Cost per unit + Desired ROI per unit
Target Selling Price = $97.40 + $16.50
Target Selling Price = $113.90 (rounded to two decimal places)
Answer:c. $113.90 (rounded to two decimal places)
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1. If you could design the perfect date, what activities, places, and/or environmental cues would you include to set the mood? Please share your results with your classmates. 2. Observe your environment for an hour. Make a list of mass communication messages you observe for a one hour period of time. Share your list here.
1. Designing the perfect date might differ from person to person. What might be a perfect date for one person may not be the same for the other person. However, to design a perfect date, some activities, places, and environmental cues could be included.
A few of them are listed below:
1. Picnic on the Beach:
A romantic picnic on the beach would be the perfect date idea for many people. The sound of the waves, the feeling of sand between your toes, and the salty breeze make for a calming and peaceful atmosphere.
2. A Beautiful Sunset:
Another perfect date idea is to watch the sunset together. It can be a beautiful experience to watch the sky change colors and the sun slowly disappear below the horizon.
3. Candlelight Dinner:
A candlelight dinner in a quiet restaurant could be the perfect way to set the mood for a romantic evening. Soft music playing in the background and dim lights would make the perfect ambiance for the date.
4. A Walk Under the Stars:
Going for a walk under the stars is another perfect date idea. Strolling hand in hand and gazing at the stars together could create a romantic atmosphere.
2. The mass communication messages observed in an hour can vary depending on the location and situation.
The messages that I could observe for an hour period are as follows:
1. Advertisements on TV and Radio
2. Billboards and posters promoting products
3. Social media advertisements
4. Flyers, posters, and billboards related to political campaigns
5. Product placements in TV shows and movies
6. Announcements made on the radio and TV
7. News articles and headlines
8. Display ads on the website
9. Public transport advertisements
10. Electronic displays outside shops and malls.
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Prepare a retained earnings statement for the month of May. The Sandhill Hotel opened for business on May 1,2022 . Here is its trial balance before adjustment on May 31. Other data: 1. Insurance expires at the rate of $300 per month. 2. A count of supplies shows $1,190 of unused supplies on May 31 . 3. (a) Annual depreciation is $3.240 on the building. (b) Annual depreciation is $2,640 on equipment. 4. The mortgage interest rate is 5%. (The mortgage was taken out on May 1.) 5. Unearned rent of $2,600 has been earned. 6. Salaries of $770 are accrued and unpaid at May 31 .
Net Income: $795
Beginning Retained Earnings: $0
Ending Retained Earnings: $795
To prepare the retained earnings statement for the month of May, we need to consider the adjustments based on the given data. Here is the retained earnings statement for the Sandhill Hotel:
Retained Earnings Statement
For the Month Ended May 31, 2022
Beginning Retained Earnings: $0 (since the hotel opened on May 1)
Add: Net Income
- Revenue (Earned Rent): $2,600 (unearned rent that has been earned)
- Depreciation Expense (Building): $270 ($3,240/12 months)
- Depreciation Expense (Equipment): $220 ($2,640/12 months)
Total Adjusted Revenue: $3,090
Less: Expenses
- Insurance Expense: $300 (insurance expires at the rate of $300 per month)
- Supplies Expense: $1,190 (unused supplies on May 31)
- Interest Expense: $35 ($700,000 mortgage * 5% annual interest rate / 12 months)
- Salaries Expense: $770 (accrued and unpaid salaries)
Total Adjusted Expenses: $2,295
Net Income: $795
Ending Retained Earnings: $795
The retained earnings statement shows that the net income for the month of May is $795, which is added to the beginning retained earnings of $0. Therefore, the ending retained earnings for the month of May is $795.
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Describe an application of how hospitals use Lean for managing inventory.
Hospitals can utilize Lean for managing inventory to increase efficiency, reduce waste, and improve patient outcomes. An application of Lean for managing inventory is the Kanban system, which involves the use of cards to signal when inventory needs to be replenished.
These cards are placed in inventory areas and used to track the flow of inventory, allowing for real-time inventory management and reduction of excess inventory that can lead to waste. Kanban can be used to manage supplies, such as surgical instruments, by having them stored in designated locations with a fixed amount of inventory.
When an item is used, the Kanban card is removed and sent to the supply area to trigger replenishment. By implementing Kanban, hospitals can reduce inventory carrying costs, minimize stockouts, and ensure that the right supplies are available when needed.
Another application of Lean for managing inventory is the 5S system, which involves the organization of inventory by sort, set, shine, standardize, and sustain. This approach helps to reduce clutter, improve efficiency, and ensure that inventory is easily accessible when needed.
For example, by implementing the 5S system in the pharmacy, staff can locate medication quickly, reduce the risk of errors, and minimize waste by removing expired medication. Overall, Lean can be a valuable tool for hospitals to manage inventory, reduce waste, and improve patient outcomes.
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Bento Flex Ltd. v. Jones [2004] Marvin A. Jones was the operator of an ice-resurfacing machine and was filling it with water when an explosion injured him. The water tank and the gasoline tank were similar and located in close proximity and he made the mistake of filling the gasoline tank with water from a hose. When the water filled the tank, the gasoline escaped and an overhead heater ignited the resulting fumes. He sued the manufacturer and distributor of the machine for negligence. A. Explain the arguments available on both sides and the likely outcome including the calculation of damages, if appropriate. Would it make any difference to your answer to know that Jones testified that the two tanks did not confuse him? Instructions • Complete BOTH mini cases provided to you. • Information found and used from website, magazines, journals, books or text book etc. must be properly reference in the body of your assignment and in your reference list or bibliography.
I apologize for any confusion, but I couldn't find a specific case titled "Bento Flex Ltd. v. Jones [2004]" in my available resources. It's possible that this case may not be well-known or may not have been widely documented.
However, I can provide a general analysis based on the information you've provided about Marvin A. Jones' situation.
In a negligence case like this, both sides would present their arguments and evidence to support their positions. Let's examine the arguments that could be made by each party:
1. Marvin A. Jones (Plaintiff):
a. Negligence of the manufacturer and distributor: Jones may argue that the design of the ice-resurfacing machine was defective or unreasonably dangerous.
He could claim that the placement of the water and gasoline tanks in close proximity without clear differentiation contributed to his confusion and subsequent accident.
b. Failure to provide adequate warnings or instructions: Jones might contend that the manufacturer and distributor failed to provide sufficient warnings or instructions regarding the proper use and filling of the machine's tanks.
He could argue that if proper instructions were provided, he would have been aware of the risk and would not have made the mistake.
2. Manufacturer and Distributor (Defendants):
a. No design defect or negligence: The defendants could argue that the design of the ice-resurfacing machine was reasonable and did not present an inherent risk.
They may contend that the tanks were clearly labeled or visually distinguishable, and the accident occurred due to Jones' own negligence in filling the wrong tank.
b. Contributory negligence: The defendants might claim that Jones was negligent in failing to exercise reasonable care and that his own actions were the primary cause of the accident. They may argue that a reasonable person would not have mistaken the gasoline tank for the water tank, regardless of their proximity.
The likely outcome of the case would depend on the presentation of evidence, witness testimonies, and the judgment of the court. If the court finds that the design of the machine was indeed defective, and the lack of clear instructions or warnings contributed to the accident, the defendants may be held liable for negligence.
In such a case, the court may award damages to Jones to compensate for his injuries, medical expenses, pain and suffering, and any other relevant losses.
However, if the court determines that Jones' own negligence was the main cause of the accident, they may assign a degree of contributory negligence. This means that Jones' compensation may be reduced by the percentage of responsibility assigned to him.
The specific calculation of damages would depend on various factors, such as the severity of Jones' injuries, the impact on his earning capacity, and other applicable damages under the law of the jurisdiction in which the case is being heard.
Regarding Jones testifying that the tanks did not confuse him, it could potentially impact the outcome of the case. If Jones stated that he was not confused and it was solely his mistake, it could weaken his argument of negligence on the part of the manufacturer and distributor.
However, the court would still consider other evidence and circumstances surrounding the case before reaching a final decision.
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What is the Epidemiological Planning Model? what does it do? Why is it important?
The Epidemiological Planning Model is a statistical method that enables the efficient design of epidemics that can predict the effect of diseases on populations. It is a technique of organizing and utilizing knowledge of current and potential health problems to ensure an effective response in the event of an outbreak or health crisis.
What does it do?The Epidemiological Planning Model is a tool used to support public health organizations in anticipating, preparing for, and responding to health crises. It allows for the identification of potential health issues and provides guidance on how to effectively mitigate the impact of these outbreaks.It identifies the burden of disease in a population and enables the analysis of the trends, causes, and risk factors of the disease.
It is then used to design intervention programs that reduce the morbidity and mortality of a disease by reducing exposure to the pathogen, preventing transmission, and improving treatment and care.Why is it important?The Epidemiological Planning Model is important for the following reasons:It aids in the planning and delivery of public health services and interventions by providing a framework for actionIt facilitates the identification of emerging health issues and enables timely responsesIt enables a data-driven approach to addressing public health challenges and identifies key factors and root causesIt helps in the estimation of the health and economic burden of diseasesIt supports the efficient use of resources and prioritization of public health interventionsIt is a tool that enables public health professionals to effectively plan for, manage, and control epidemics and other health crises.
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when wells fargo signed a deal with the major league soccer (mls) to be the official retail bank of the mls, it was engaged in
When Wells Fargo signed a deal with Major League Soccer (MLS) to be the official retail bank of the MLS, it was engaged in a sponsorship or partnership agreement.
It entered into a sponsorship or partnership agreement. This type of agreement typically involves a financial arrangement where one party, in this case, Wells Fargo, provides financial support, branding opportunities, and other benefits to the MLS in exchange for visibility, marketing rights, and association with the league.
As the official retail bank, Wells Fargo may receive various promotional benefits, such as logo placement, advertising opportunities, and access to MLS-related events and assets.
This partnership allows Wells Fargo to enhance its brand exposure, reach a targeted sports audience, and potentially engage with MLS fans and customers through various marketing initiatives.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is given below " when wells fargo signed a deal with the major league soccer (mls) to be the official retail bank of the mls, it was engaged in______."--
Description
Refer to the facts in the preceding problem. Assume that the tax rate in Country X is
15 percent and Cotton Comfort’s U.S. marginal tax rate is 35 percent. The corporation and its subsidiary have agreed to a transfer price for the cloth of $30 per shirt.
a. At this price, how much profit per shirt will be taxed in the United States?
b. At this price, how much profit per shirt will be taxed in Country X?
c. If the IRS chooses to challenge Cotton’s Comfort’s transfer price for the cloth, would you expect it to argue for a higher or lower transfer price? Explain briefly.
a. Cotton Comfort’s U.S. marginal tax rate is 35 percent and a transfer price of $30 per shirt has been agreed upon. Hence, the profit per shirt will be taxed in the United States at $30-$18.90 = $11.10.
b. The tax rate in Country X is 15 percent and a transfer price of $30 per shirt has been agreed upon. Hence, the profit per shirt will be taxed in Country X at $30-$25.50 = $4.50. c. The IRS would argue for a higher transfer price in case it chooses to challenge Cotton Comfort’s transfer price for the cloth since the corporation could minimize its U.S. taxes by establishing a high transfer price, while minimizing taxes in Country X by establishing a low transfer price.
Therefore, the tax authorities of the two countries could have conflicting interests due to the difference in their tax rates and this can lead to transfer pricing. Transfer pricing is the establishment of a value or price for goods or services transferred between related legal entities, such as a parent corporation and its subsidiary. Companies can use transfer pricing to minimize their overall tax liabilities.
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Quad Enterprises is considering a new 3-year expansion project that requires an initial fixed asset investment of $6.426 million. The fixed asset will be depreciated straight-line to zero over its 3-year tax life, after which time it will have a market value of $499,800. The project requires an initial investment in net working capital of $714,000. The project is estimated to generate $5,712,000 in annual sales, with costs of $2,284,800. The tax rate is 21 percent and the required return on the project is 17 percent.
What is the project's Year O net cash flow?
What is the project's Year 1 net cash flow?
Net Cash Flow:The net cash flow is the amount of money a company has left over after deducting expenses from total revenue. Net cash flow can be positive if a company's liquid assets exceed its expenses, indicating that it can cover debts. If the net cash flow is negative, the business is not generating enough revenue to keep pace with expenses.The Year 0 net cash flow is - $8,012,272. The Year 1 net cash flow is $246,784.
Project's Year 0 net cash flow:The year 0 net cash flow (NCF0) is the project's initial investment in the future value of the assets (FVA), the initial investment in net working capital (NWC), and the recovery of the future value of the assets (FVA) at the end of the project less the tax paid on the salvage value (SVT).
In the problem, the year 0 net cash flow can be calculated as follows:
Initial Fixed Asset Investment = $6,426,000,Investment in Net Working Capital = $714,000,
Depreciation Value = (Initial Fixed Asset Investment - Salvage Value) / Life of Asset
Depreciation Value= ($6,426,000 - $499,800) / 3 = $1,642,400
Net cash flow (NCF0) = -($6,426,000 + $714,000 + $1,642,400 * (1-0.21))= $-8,012,272
Therefore, the Year 0 net cash flow is - $8,012,272.
Project's Year 1 net cash flow:To calculate the year 1 net cash flow, we need to calculate the operating cash flow, the tax liability, and the net cash flow. The operating cash flow is the difference between total revenue and total cost. The tax liability is the amount of tax due on operating income, and the net cash flow is the operating cash flow minus the tax liability.
The operating cash flow (OCF) can be calculated as follows:
Revenue = $5,712,000 ,Costs = $2,284,800 ,
Operating Cash Flow (OCF) = $5,712,000 - $2,284,800 - $1,642,400= $788,800
Tax Liability (T) = 0.21 x ($788,800 + $1,642,400) = $542,016
Net Cash Flow (NCF1) = $788,800 - $542,016= $246,784
Therefore, the Year 1 net cash flow is $246,784.
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which are factors that can be used to quantify the competitive strengths of a diversified company's business subsidiaries?
Factors that can be used to quantify the competitive strengths of a diversified company's business subsidiaries include market share, profitability, growth rate, customer satisfaction, and talent and human resources.
These factors provide valuable insights into the competitive advantages and performance of the diversified company's subsidiaries. Market share indicates the subsidiary's position in the market, while profitability measures its financial success. Growth rate reflects its ability to expand, and customer satisfaction indicates its ability to meet customer needs. Technological capabilities, brand equity, and supply chain efficiency showcase competitive advantages, while talent and human resources highlight the quality and expertise within the subsidiary. Assessing these factors helps quantify and evaluate the competitive strengths of the diversified company's business subsidiaries.
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Looking at the table below for Round 1, the 'Low End' segment center has a Performance (Pfmn) specification of 3 and a Size specification of 17 Now we look at the bottom of the table to see how much the ideal spot is offset from the center of the segment, and we see that the Low End ideal spot is offset by −0.8 for Pimn and +0.8 for size So, we can calculate that the Round 1 ideal spot for my product in the Low End segment is Use the segment centers in the table above to calculate the new ideal spots for the segments. Once you have successfuly entered the correct ideat spots for Rounds 0 and 1 (open fields), the rest of the table will fil in automatically. If you have entered any answers incorrectly, a ine should appear through your answer and a pop bubble will appear.
In order to calculate the ideal spot for Round 1 for a product in the Low End segment, we need to use the segment centers in the given table.
The table shows that the Low End segment center has a Performance (Pfmn) specification of 3 and a Size specification of 17. From the table, we also know that the Low End ideal spot is offset by −0.8 for Pimn and +0.8 for size.
Therefore, we can calculate the Round 1 ideal spot for the product in the Low End segment as follows:
Ideal spot for Pfmn = Low End segment center + offset for Pfmn
[tex]= 3 - 0.8= 2.2[/tex]
Ideal spot for Size = Low End segment center + offset for Size
= [tex]17 + 0.8= 17.8[/tex]
Therefore, the Round 1 ideal spot for the product in the Low End segment is Pfmn = 2.2 and Size = 17.8.
Once the correct ideal spots for Rounds 0 and 1 are entered, the rest of the table will automatically fill in. If any answers are entered incorrectly, a line will appear through the answer along with a pop-up bubble.
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We spent a good deal of time tying the banking, housing and automobile industry collapses to one another through written and audio lectures. As noted, which of the following did NOT contribute to the economic/banking/housing collapse of 2008 ? (read these carefully) 1) Wealthier individuals often paid cash for their homes; thus, they did not have mortgages, therefore, their purchase escaped the being included in Mortgage Backed Securities. 2) Beginning in 1995, HUD regulations required Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to increase their holdings of loans to low and moderate income borrowers; which means banks offered more loans to folks who were not financially secure. 3) Tricky, Dr. Moorman.......All of the answers contributed significantly to the economic/banking/housing collapse of 2008. 4) Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, two government sponsored entities (GSE), held a huge share of American mortgages (roughly 75\%) which were then securitized into Mortgage Backed Securities. 5) Housing and Urban Development (HUD) regulations imposed in 1999 required Fannie and Freddie to accept more loans with little or no down payment-as opposed to the conventional mortgage of 20% downpayment. During the recent "Great Recession" the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) increased the amount of individual protection to which each consumer is entitled at his or her financial institution from $100,000 to $250,000 in an attempt to do what? 1) Encourage consumers to put more money into the stock market. 2) Encourage consumers to take their money out of their banks. 3) Encourage consumers to leave their money in their financial institutions. 4) Discourage consumers from investing in international stocks. 5) None of the answers are correct.
The option that did NOT contribute to the economic/banking/housing collapse of 2008 is option 1, i.e Wealthier individuals often paid cash for their homes; thus, they did not have mortgages, therefore, their purchase escaped the being included in Mortgage Backed Securities.
The 2008 economic/banking/housing collapse was led by a series of factors. Some of the factors that led to the 2008 economic/banking/housing collapse include:Regulation deregulation: In 1999, the Glass-Steagall Act was abolished. This act was enacted after the Great Depression and separated commercial banks from investment banks. After its abolishment, investment banks could now invest in mortgages and create more products for mortgages. This lead to a rapid increase in the creation of mortgage-backed securities.
Housing and Urban Development (HUD) regulations: In 1999, HUD imposed regulations which required Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to accept more loans with little or no down payment as opposed to the conventional mortgage of 20% down payment. This increased the number of subprime loans by banks as they tried to keep up with the requirements imposed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
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