The breakeven point is that level of activity where total revenue equals total costs, i.e., the point at which a firm doesn’t make any profit, but it doesn’t make a loss either. The breakeven point can be found by equating total revenue (TR) to total cost (TC) given the level of output (Q).TR = P ⋅ Q,
where P is the unit price of the product sold and Q is the quantity of the product sold.TC = FC + VC ⋅ Q, where FC is the total fixed cost and VC is the variable cost per unit of output.
Let’s use the given equations to find the breakeven point for the firm that sells the product for $20, has fixed costs of $300, and variable costs per unit of $15.
So, we have TR = P ⋅ Q = 20Q, and TC
= FC + VC ⋅ Q
= 300 + 15Q.
Now, let’s equate TR and TC to find the breakeven point: TR = TC20
Q = 300 + 15Q5
Q = 300
Q = 60 units
Hence, the breakeven point for the firm is 60 units.
To determine the total revenue needed for a profit of $100, we can use the following formula:
Profit = Total Revenue – Total Cost
We know that the total cost (TC) is given by TC = FC + VC ⋅ Q
= 300 + 15Q.
So, we can write the profit equation as follows:
Profit = Total Revenue – (300 + 15Q)$100
= P ⋅ Q – (300 + 15Q)$100 + $300
= P ⋅ Q – 15Q$400
= Q ⋅ (P – 15)
We know that P = $20 (the selling price per unit), so we can substitute it into the above equation:$400 = Q ⋅ ($20 – 15)$400 = Q ⋅ $5Q = 80 units
Therefore, the firm needs to sell 80 units to make a profit of $100. The total revenue needed for this can be found by using the TR equation: TR = P ⋅ Q = $20 × 80 = $1,600.
Hence, the total revenue needed for a profit of $100 is $1,600.
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A compensation system that is based on the achievement of specific objectives of the client is known as a . a. pay-for-results compensation
b. a markup charge
c. commission system d. fee-based system
A compensation system that is based on the achievement of specific objectives of the client is known as C. commission system.
A compensation system that is based on the achievement of specific objectives of the client is commonly referred to as a commission system. In this type of system, individuals or entities receive compensation based on a percentage or commission of the value of the goods or services they sell or the specific objectives they achieve on behalf of their clients.
Commission systems are often used in sales-related roles, where individuals earn a commission based on the volume of sales they generate or the revenue they bring in for the company. The compensation is directly tied to the results achieved, incentivizing the individual to perform well and meet or exceed the set objectives.
Pay-for-results compensation (option A) is a broader term that encompasses various types of compensation systems, including commission systems. It refers to compensation structures where payment is directly tied to the outcomes or results achieved.
A markup charge (option B) is a pricing mechanism where a percentage is added to the cost of a product or service to determine the selling price. It is not directly related to a compensation system based on client objectives.
A fee-based system (option D) typically involves charging clients a set fee or hourly rate for specific services rendered, regardless of the outcomes achieved. It is not specifically tied to client objectives or performance-based compensation.
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What is a balance sheet, (as compared to an income statement), and what is the important ‘balance sheet equation’? The ‘income statement equation? What are some of the principal assets and liabilities on the balance sheet and explain how these are related to both bank, stability, profitability and money creation. Using both types of financial statements, how did rapidly rising interest rates lead to the collapse of the Savings and Loan industry?
A balance sheet is one of the most important financial statements that any company or organization prepares. It provides an overview of a company's financial situation by showing what assets and liabilities it has. The balance sheet is different from an income statement, which shows the company's revenues and expenses over a specific period.
The balance sheet equation is Assets = Liabilities + Equity. This means that a company's assets must equal its liabilities plus equity.
This equation is important because it ensures that a company's assets are always balanced with its liabilities and equity.
The income statement equation is Revenues - Expenses = Net Income.
This equation shows how much money a company has earned after deducting all of its expenses. Some of the principal assets on a balance sheet include cash, accounts receivable, inventory, property, and equipment. Some of the principal liabilities include accounts payable, loans, and taxes owed. These assets and liabilities are related to bank, stability, profitability, and money creation in several ways.
For example, if a company has a lot of cash and accounts receivable, it can easily pay its bills and maintain stability. Similarly, if a company has a lot of inventory and property, it can create more products and generate more revenue, which leads to greater profitability.
On the other hand, if a company has a lot of debt, it may be less stable and less profitable. Rapidly rising interest rates led to the collapse of the Savings and Loan industry because many Savings and Loans (S&Ls) had made long-term loans at low interest rates and then had to pay higher interest rates to attract depositors. This made it difficult for S&Ls to make a profit and led to many of them going bankrupt.
Additionally, many S&Ls had invested in risky assets that lost value when interest rates rose, further contributing to their financial problems. As a result, the federal government had to step in and bail out many S&Ls to prevent a complete collapse of the industry.
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What are the four stages of operational effectiveness and how does each stage relates to project monitoring systems?
Operational effectiveness refers to a management approach that improves the efficiency of operations to achieve better results and gain a competitive edge in the marketplace.
It is a continuous process that includes four stages, including: stage 1 - ad hoc, stage 2 - common approach, stage 3 - standardization, and stage 4 - optimization. Here is an in-depth explanation of each stage and how it relates to project monitoring systems.Stage 1 - Ad hocThis is the first stage of operational effectiveness where companies rely on individuals' knowledge and skills to complete tasks.
It is characterized by an inconsistent approach where each person has a unique way of doing things. Therefore, project monitoring systems are not standardized and, as a result, pose a challenge to evaluate progress. Stage 2 - Common ApproachThis stage is characterized by a common approach to processes where the company outlines standard operating procedures. Project monitoring systems are improved by defining a standard operating process, but they are still not entirely standardized.
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Inez owns an automobile for personal use. Her adjusted basis is $40,000 (te, the original cost). The car is worth $24,000. Which of the following statements is false? a) If nez sells the car for $24,000, her realized loss of $16,000 is not recognized. B). If the car is stolen in a Federaly declared disaster area and it is uninsured, Inez may be able to recognize part of her realized loss of $24,000. c) Inez has an unrealized loss of $16,000 Od. d) If Inez sels the car for $24,000, her realized loss of $16,000 is recognized. e) If Inez exchanges the car for another car worth $24,000, her realized loss of $16,000 is not recognized.
The false statement is d) If Inez sells the car for $24,000, her realized loss of $16,000 is recognized.
When Inez sells the car for $24,000, her realized loss of $16,000 is recognized for tax purposes. Realized loss refers to the difference between the adjusted basis (original cost) of the asset and the amount realized from its sale. In this case, Inez's adjusted basis is $40,000, and she sells the car for $24,000, resulting in a realized loss of $16,000. It is important to note that for personal use property, such as a car, any realized losses are generally not deductible for tax purposes. This means that Inez cannot claim a tax deduction for the realized loss of $16,000 when selling the car.
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a stock has a standard deviation of 12.9% and a covariance with the market of .035. the market has a standard deviation of 9.93%. what is the beta of this stock? group of answer choices 3.550 3.764 3.284 3.978
The beta of a stock measures its sensitivity to market movements. It is calculated by dividing the covariance between the stock and the market by the variance of the market. In this case, the stock has a standard deviation of 12.9% and a covariance with the market of 0.035. The market has a standard deviation of 9.93%.
To calculate the beta, we need to divide the covariance by the variance of the market. The variance of the market is equal to the square of the standard deviation, which is (9.93%)^2 = 0.9864.Beta measures the sensitivity of a stock to market movements. It helps investors understand how the stock price may change in relation to the overall market. A beta greater than 1 indicates that the stock is more volatile than the market, while a beta less than 1 suggests that the stock is less volatile than the market.
In this case, a beta of 0.0356 means that the stock is less volatile than the market. This could indicate that the stock's price movements are relatively stable compared to the overall market .It is important to note that beta is just one factor to consider when analyzing a stock's risk and potential returns. Other factors such as company fundamentals and market conditions should also be taken into account. Beta is a measure of a stock's sensitivity to market movements. It helps investors understand how the stock price may change in relation to the overall market. A beta greater than 1 indicates that the stock is more volatile than the market, while a beta less than 1 suggests that the stock is less volatile than the market.
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material Entrepreneurship and Freelancing
I need Business Plan for project that is a website for gyms, no less than 20 pages for these requirements Executive Summary
The executive summary is a short overview of the entire business plan. It provides a busy reader with everything that needs to be known about the new venture’s distinctive nature. An executive summary shouldn’t exceed two single-spaced pages. Even though the executive summary appears at the beginning of the business plan, it should be written last. The plan itself will evolve as it’s written, so not everything is known at the outset.
In many instances an investor will first ask for a copy of the executive summary and will request of a copy of the full business plan only if the executive summary is sufficiently convincing. The executive summary is the most important section of the business plan.
Industry Analysis
This section should begin by describing the industry the business will enter in terms of its size, growth rate, and sales projections. Items to include in this section:
Industry size, growth rate, and sales projections.
Industry structure.
Nature of participants.
Key success factors.
Industry trends.
Long-term prospects.
Before a business selects a target market it should have a good grasp of its industry—including where its promising areas are and where its points of vulnerability are. The industry that a company participates in largely defines the playing field that a firm will participate in.
Company Description
This section begins with a general description of the company. Items to include in this section:
Company description.
Company history.
Mission statement.
Products and services.
Current status.
Legal status and ownership.
Key partnerships (if any).
While at first glance this section may seem less important than the others, it is extremely important. It demonstrates to your reader that you know how to translate an idea into a business.
Market Analysis
The market analysis breaks the industry into segments and zeroes in on the specific segment (or target market) to which the firm will try to appeal. Items to include in this section:
Market segmentation and target market selection.
Buyer behavior.
Competitor analysis.
Estimate of the firm’s annual sales and market share.
Most start-ups do not service their entire industry. Instead, they focus on servicing a specific (target) market within the industry.
It’s important to include a section in the market analysis that deals with the behavior of the consumers in the market. The more a start-up knows about the consumers in its target market, the more it can tailor its products or services appropriately.
I need it urgently and quickly
Business Plan for project that is a website for gyms is explained below:The executive summary should provide a busy reader with everything that needs to be known about the new venture’s distinctive nature. An executive summary shouldn’t exceed two single-spaced pages.
Industry analysis is the section that should describe the industry that the business will enter in terms of its size, growth rate, and sales projections. Before a business selects a target market, it should have a good grasp of its industry, including where its promising areas are and where its points of vulnerability are. The company description section should begin with a general description of the company, including a company description, company history, mission statement, products and services, current status, legal status and ownership, and key partnerships (if any).The market analysis breaks the industry into segments and zeroes in on the specific segment (or target market) to which the firm will try to appeal. Most start-ups do not service their entire industry. Instead, they focus on servicing a specific (target) market within the industry. It’s important to include a section in the market analysis that deals with the behavior of the consumers in the market. The more a start-up knows about the consumers in its target market, the more it can tailor its products or services appropriately.
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A company using this competitive strategy seeks to offer a product or service that is completely unique from other competitors in their market segment.
A) differentiation strategy
B) defender strategy
C) prospector strategy
D) lowest-cost strategy
The correct answer is option (a) which is the differentiation strategy. A company using this competitive strategy seeks to offer a product or service that is completely unique from other competitors in their market segment.
What is Competitive Strategy?
Competitive strategy refers to the plan to create a competitive advantage over competitors. It is a long-term action plan that a company adopts to achieve its business objectives and market objectives in the industry where it operates.
Competitive strategies are categorized into four types. They include:
1. Cost leadership strategy
2. Differentiation strategy
3. Focus strategy
4. Integrated strategy
Differentiation Strategy:
The differentiation strategy involves offering a product or service that is entirely different from other products or services offered by competitors in their market segment.
The differentiation strategy seeks to persuade customers to buy products or services from the company, even when other competitors sell similar products or services.
The differentiation strategy gives the company a competitive advantage by creating a product or service that is unique to the company.
This strategy requires the company to invest more in research and development, which may lead to increased production costs, high product prices, and low-profit margins.
It is an effective strategy for firms with strong brand equity and reputation.
Therefore, the correct option is (a).
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A supply and demand graph with a demand line and two supply lines, one with and one without the tax. The demand line intersects supply without the tax at a price of 11 and a quantity of 6 and intersects the supply with tax line at a price of 14 and a quantity of 5.
The diagram above shows the effect of a unit tax placed on a good. Based on the diagram, what is (1) the price paid by consumers, (2) the net price received by producers, and (3) the dollar amount of the unit tax?
1. $11, $14, $3
2. $14, $10, $1
3. $14, $11, $3
4. $14, $10, $4
5. $11, $10, $1
An introduction to the topic is to explain the effects of unit tax. A tax imposed on a good is known as a unit tax, which raises the market price by an amount equal to the tax.
1. The price paid by consumers is $14.
2. The net price received by producers is $10
3. The dollar amount of the unit tax is $1.
The burden of the tax is shared by buyers and sellers. In a competitive market, buyers and sellers interact based on their willingness to pay for or receive a product.
A supply and demand graph with a demand line and two supply lines, one with and one without the tax, was given.
The demand line intersects supply without the tax at a price of 11 and a quantity of 6 and intersects the supply with the tax line at a price of 14 and a quantity of 5.
The tax increases the market supply price, which causes the quantity of the item demanded to decrease, which results in an excess supply.
The tax shifts the supply curve upward by the amount of the tax. The tax decreases the quantity supplied and shifts the supply curve to the left.
Let us analyze the given options to find out the answers:
Option 1: $11, $14, $3
Option 2: $14, $10, $1
Option 3: $14, $11, $3
Option 4: $14, $10, $4
Option 5: $11, $10, $1
We can see that the correct answer is Option 3: $14, $11, $3. The price paid by consumers is $14, the net price received by producers is $11, and the dollar amount of the unit tax is $3.
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Starting at "long run equilibrium" what will happen if the Government increases spending in the short run, the AD curve will shift to the right & the economy will produce above its natural level and unemployment will fall; in the long run the AS curve will shift to the left, increasing the "price level" and returning the economy to its "natural" level of output and employment in the short run, the AD curve will shift to the right \& the economy will produce above its natural level and unemployment will fall; in the long run the AS curve will shift to the right, increasing the "price level" and returning the economy to its "natural" level of output and employment in the short run, the AD curve will shift to the left \& the economy will produce above its natural level and unemployment will fall; in the long run the AS curve will shift to the left, increasing the "price level" and returning the economy to its "natural" level of output and employment in the short run, the AD curve will shift to the left \& the economy will produce above its natural level and unemployment will fall; in the long run the AS curve will shift to the right, increasing the "price level" and returning the economy to its "natural" level of output and employment
Long run equilibrium is a state of economic equilibrium when the aggregate supply (AS) is equal to the aggregate demand (AD) in the long run. A state of equilibrium is achieved at the point of intersection between AS and AD curves at a natural level of output and employment.
The economy will produce at its natural level, and unemployment is at its natural rate when the AS and AD curves intersect at the long-run equilibrium point. The economy is said to be producing at its full potential or the natural level of output and employment.In the short run, if the government increases spending,
it will increase aggregate demand and shift the AD curve to the right. An increase in aggregate demand (AD) results in an increase in the output level of goods and services. As a result, the economy will produce above its natural level, and unemployment will fall. However, this is not a permanent effect, and the economy will return to its natural level of output and employment in the long run.
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A manufacturer of tablet computers currently sells 10,000 units per month of a basic model. The cost of manufacture is $700 /unit and the wholesale price is $950. During the last quarter the manufacturer lowered the price $100 in a few test markets, and the result was a 50% increase in sales we will call this the price elasticity. The company has been advertising its products nationwide at a cost of $50,000 per month. The advertising agency claims that increasing the advertising budget by $5,000/month would result in a sales increase of 100 units/month. Management has agreed to consider an increase in the advertising budget to no more than $75,000/ month. a) Determine the price and the advertising budget that will maximize profit. Use the five-step method. Model as a constrained optimization problem, and solve using the method of Lagrange multipliers. b) Determine the sensitivity of the decision variables (price and advertising) to price elasticity. c) Determine the sensitivity of the decision variables to the advertising agency's estimate of 100 new sales each time the advertising budget is increased by $5,000/ month. d) What is the value of the multiplier found in part (a) i.e. the first bulleted item above? What is the real world significance of the multiplier? How could you use this information to convince top management to lift the ceiling on advertising expenditures? Notes: s=10000+ 1005000 (950−p)+ ?? (a−50000) where the factor 1005000 is called the the price elasticity and where we assume the following notation - p= price ($/ computer ), - s= sales (computers/month), - a= advertising budget($/month).
The price and advertising budget that will maximize profit can be determined using the method of Lagrange multipliers. We need to maximize the profit function subject to the constraints. The profit function is given by P = (p - 700)(s) - a, where p is the price, s is the sales, and a is the advertising budget.
The constraints are:Price elasticity constraint: s = 10,000 + 1,005,000(950 - p), Advertising budget constraint: a ≤ 75,000. Using Lagrange multipliers, we set up the Lagrangian function as follows: L = (p - 700)(s) - a + λ[10,000 + 1,005,000(950 - p)] + μ(a - 75,000), where λ and μ are the Lagrange multipliers.By taking partial derivatives of the Lagrangian function with respect to p, s, a, and the Lagrange multipliers, and setting them equal to zero, we can solve for the optimal values of p and a that maximize the profit function.b) The sensitivity of the decision variables (price and advertising) to price elasticity can be analyzed by examining the impact of changes in the price elasticity factor on the optimal values of p and a. By adjusting the price elasticity factor in the price elasticity constraint equation, we can observe the corresponding changes in the optimal price and advertising budget that maximize profit.
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In common with many UK manufacturing companies, BallCo, a manufacturer of precision ball-bearings for machine parts, was facing external pressures. It had grown to a profitable company employing 200 people in the 1980 s, primarily by serving the local markets around Birmingham. However, in the 1990 s, manufacturing began to decline in the UK, the market shrank, and increasingly, foreign rivals began to undercut BallCo on price. In 2000, BallCo called in an external consultancy in to help train the manufacturing staff in "lean" Japanese working techniques. This training included continuous improvement, quality management, process re-engineering, and waste reduction techniques. The consultancy decided the best way to achieve this on an ongoing basis was to train some of the staff up to train any new recruits that might join the company. The change programme was a huge success, reducing costs and improving the products, so when the consultancy left, the internal training team decided to spread the "lean" message to other departments. Over a couple of years the five-man team created their own materials and methods, which they believed were an improvement on those taught to them by the consultancy. The team successfully spread the training to other parts of the company. Whilst this was happening, another manufacturing company in the area, Wharton, heard about BallCo's team and approached the MD of BallCo to see if they could hire the team to train their own manufacturing staff. Wharton preferred this arrangement because, in the past, they had had bad experiences with external consultants and their MD refused to use them. The MD of BallCo sent his internal team into Wharton and their down-to-earth attitude and practical manner made them a big hit there. However, around this time, three things happened. First, the BallCo team approached their MD and suggested that as they were now being charged out to external companies, they wanted to get significant pay rises. Second, the MD of Wharton was so impressed with the team that he made three of them job offers. Finally, the original external consultancy which trained BallCo's team contacted the MD of BallCo and said that he was in breach of contract for selling their techniques to other companies. - What ethical issues are raised in this case? Who do you think is "right" in each issue? - What would you do if you were BallCo's MD? - Could this situation have been handled better by any of the parties? How?
Ethical issues that are raised in this case include breaches of contract and conflicts of interest. BallCo’s MD had to decide which option is right for their business, as they were faced with various internal and external pressures.
It is a difficult decision to make, and some may see it as a moral dilemma. He was also put in a tricky position regarding his own staff, as they wanted pay rises in return for the training they provided to other companies. BallCo's MD must consider the various factors and evaluate their options in order to come up with a decision. The three issues that arise are as follows:1. Breach of contract: As per the terms of the consultancy agreement, BallCo was not permitted to share its training with other companies.
2. Pay raise: BallCo's internal training team is justified in asking for a raise if they believe that they deserve it for their work. BallCo's MD must decide whether the pay rise is justified or not. 3. Job offers: The MD of Wharton has offered positions to three members of BallCo's internal training team. It raises questions about whether BallCo's internal team should be allowed to work with competitors and whether they should be allowed to take job offers from them.
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QUESTION 2 [35 MARKS]
2.1
As a financial professional and potential manager, you need to be aware of the impact
of business ills such as corruption, bribery, and fraudulent financial reporting on the
environment, society, and governance (known as ESG factors). How would you advise
the executives at Ernst & Young (EY) to approach and remedy this scandal? The use
of practical examples in your response will garner you higher marks. (25)
2.2 The company you recently joined and now work for as a finance manager has been
involved in fraudulent financial reporting and underhand dealings in its service
provisions under its previous financial manager.
A recent investigation discovered that these two aspects have been ongoing since the
company was formed in 2001.
The board has requested you to formulate internal controls and ethical guidelines to
ensure that fraudulent financial reporting and underhand dealings will not occur in the
future or at least mitigate their occurrences in the future. The internal controls and
ethical guidelines you formulate should be presented in a memo to the board. (10)
2.1 Advice to Ernst & Young (EY) Executives: To approach and remedy the scandal of corruption, bribery, and fraudulent financial reporting,
I would advise the executives at EY to take the following actions:
1. Strengthen Internal Controls: Implement robust internal control systems that include checks and balances, segregation of duties, and regular audits to detect and prevent fraudulent activities. EY should ensure that these controls are consistently followed across all levels of the organization.
2. Enhance Ethical Culture: Foster an ethical culture within the organization by promoting transparency, integrity, and accountability. This can be achieved through ethics training programs, whistleblower mechanisms, and a strong code of conduct that clearly outlines expected behaviors and consequences for non-compliance.
3. Conduct Independent Investigations: Engage independent third-party firms or experts to conduct thorough investigations into the scandal. This demonstrates EY's commitment to uncovering the truth and holding individuals accountable for their actions.
4. Implement Stringent Anti-Corruption Measures: Develop and enforce policies and procedures to prevent corruption and bribery. This includes conducting due diligence on clients and business partners, implementing anti-bribery compliance programs, and strictly adhering to relevant laws and regulations.
5. Collaborate with Regulatory Bodies: Cooperate fully with regulatory bodies and law enforcement agencies to ensure compliance with legal requirements. EY should actively participate in investigations and share any relevant information to assist in the resolution of the scandal.
Practical Example: EY can take inspiration from the Siemens case, where the company implemented comprehensive reforms following a major corruption scandal. Siemens established a dedicated compliance department, enhanced training and awareness programs, and appointed an independent ombudsman to address ethical concerns. These measures helped rebuild trust and restore the company's reputation.
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Which of the following is not true when projecting balance sheet accounts? (select the best response)
Group of answer choices
Projected inventory balances might be based on projected cost of goods sold and days inventory held
Projected accounts receivable might be based on projected sales and days sales outstanding
Some projected balance sheet accounts are used to determine the cash flow impact of net changes in working capital
Projected accounts payable are unrelated to projected inventory
The statement "Projected accounts payable are unrelated to projected inventory" is not true when projecting balance sheet accounts.
The correct option is D.
Let's understand the concept of projecting balance sheet accounts:
Projection of balance sheet accounts is a significant task in the process of forecasting the financial performance of a company.
It helps in understanding the financial position of the company at a particular time and predicting the future financial position of the company.
The balance sheet projections of a company are based on the projected income statement and the forecasted changes in the balance sheet accounts.
Now, let's look at each option provided:
Option A:
Projected inventory balances might be based on projected cost of goods sold and days inventory held - This statement is true as projected inventory balances depend on the projected cost of goods sold and days inventory held.
Option B:
Projected accounts receivable might be based on projected sales and days sales outstanding - This statement is true as projected accounts receivable are based on projected sales and days sales outstanding.
Option C:
Some projected balance sheet accounts are used to determine the cash flow impact of net changes in working capital - This statement is true as the projected balance sheet accounts can be used to determine the cash flow impact of net changes in working capital.
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Kepner Corp. prepared a master bodgot that included $19385 for direct materials, $28198 for direct labor, $10525 for variable overhead, and $56013 for fixed overhead. Kepner Corp. planned to sell 4114 units during the period, but actually sold 4787 units. What woukd Keoner's total costs be if it used a flexible budget for the penod based on actual sales?
Flexible budget is a type of budget that includes various expenditure levels at different production volumes. Unlike a static budget, a flexible budget adjusts for changes in production levels. The total costs for Kepner's Corp. using a flexible budget for the period based on actual sales would be $143,555.94.
Variable overhead is the only category that changes based on the number of units produced. The fixed overhead is unaffected by the number of units produced. Direct materials and direct labor are both directly proportional to the number of units produced. The flexible budget formula can be expressed as follows:
Fixed overhead + variable overhead (actual units sold) + direct materials (actual units sold) + direct labor (actual units sold)
=$56,013 + ($10525 x 4787/4114) + ($19385 x 4787/4114) + ($28198 x 4787/4114)
=$56,013 + $12,218.05 + $22,406.68 + $26,918.21
=$117,556.94
If Kepner Corp. used a flexible budget for the period based on actual sales, the total costs would be $143,555.94.
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Give the background and main players, especially the
Congress of Berlin, of the Scramble for Africa
The Scramble for Africa was the race of European nations to colonize and divide Africa among themselves in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The congress of Berlin is an important event in this scramble for Africa.
The Berlin Conference was a series of meetings convened in Berlin, Germany, in 1884 and 1885 to regulate and reduce the competition between European powers in their conquest and colonization of Africa. Main players: European powers, particularly Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Portugal, and Italy. The Scramble for Africa lasted from approximately 1884 until the outbreak of World War I in 1914.What is the Congress of Berlin?The Congress of Berlin (June 13-July 13, 1878) was an international meeting held in Berlin to resolve the problems arising from the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and to reorganize the Balkans. Representatives of the Ottoman Empire, Russia, Great Britain, Austria-Hungary, Italy, France, and Germany attended. The Congress of Berlin is a significant event in the Scramble for Africa because it established a series of rules that European nations had to follow when acquiring African territories. However, other European powers were concerned that this would upset the balance of power and lead to a major war.The Congress of Berlin is often referred to as the “Scramble for Africa” because it paved the way for European powers to acquire African territories. European powers were given guidelines on how to acquire African territories.
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Do you agree about Professor S.H.'s argument about inflation and why? What do you think could be a concern for the policy authority when it tries to bring down inflation and why? (20marks) B13) Consider the following text: "Consumer price inflation has accelerated sharply in the US during the past year from 2.6% in March 2021 to 7.9% in February - a 40-year high - ...... This week the Federal Reserve finally responded with its first rise in the funds rate since 2018, a 25 basis points increase that it has signalled will be one of several during the coming months. This raises the target range for its key rates from 0.25% to 0.5%, while the other monetary policy stimulus, namely asset purchases, is being withdrawn. This is little surprise to Professor S. H., who issues a reminder that 'inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomen'. 'The M2 money supply aggregate has grown by a cumulative 41.2% since February 2020 , for an annualized growth rate of 19.7% per year. M2 is still growing at 12.6% year-over-year,' he says. Professor S. H. believes the Ukraine crisis will 'increase the relative prices of oil, gas and food, but those are relative price changes', he emphasizes.
The concern for policy authorities when trying to bring down inflation is balancing inflation control with economic growth.
Inflation refers to the sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over time. It is often measured by the inflation rate, which represents the percentage change in prices compared to a previous period.
Understanding inflation and its impacts is essential for policymakers, businesses, and individuals to make informed decisions about investments, savings, and financial planning.
1. Assess the level and causes of inflation: Policy authorities need to analyze the factors contributing to inflation, such as monetary factors, supply and demand dynamics, and external events.
2. Determine the appropriate policy measures: Based on the assessment, policy authorities must identify the most effective measures to control inflation, such as adjusting interest rates, tightening monetary policy, or implementing targeted measures.
3. Evaluate the potential impact on the economy: It is crucial to consider the potential consequences of inflation control measures on economic growth, employment, investment, and consumer spending.
4. Strike a balance between inflation control and economic growth: Policy authorities must make informed decisions that aim to mitigate inflationary pressures without stifling economic activity.
5. Monitor and adjust policies: Continual monitoring of economic indicators is essential to assess the effectiveness of implemented measures and make necessary adjustments to maintain the desired balance.
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A hamburger factory produces 50,000 hamburgers each week. The equipment used costs $11,000 and will remaln peoductive for three years. The labor cost per year is $13,500. a. What is the productivity messure of "units of cutput per doliar of input" averoged over the three-year period? Assume that there are 52 . weeks per year. Round your answer to one decimal place. Productivity : hamburgers/dolar b. The company has the option of purchasing equipment for $14,000, wah an operating if of four years. It would reduce iabor costs to $11,500 per yeak, Should it consider purchasing this equipment (using productivity arguments alane)? Assime that there are 52 weeki per year Round your answer for productivity to one decimal place. For the expensive machine, productivity is hamburgers/doliar input, flecause the prodiactivity of the expensive machine it ,it would be a irvestment based on this single criterion.
The productivity measure of the expensive machine (i.e., the new machine) is:Productivity = 10,400,000 hamburgers/$60,000= 173.33 hamburgers/dollarBecause the productivity of the new machine is higher than the old one, it would be a good investment based on this single criterion. Therefore, the company should consider purchasing the new machine.
a. The productivity measure of "units of output per dollar of input" averaged over the three-year period:Productivity can be defined as the quantity of production per unit of input. It is measured by relating the number of units of output to a given unit of input. We can calculate productivity by dividing the number of outputs by the input cost in dollars.Hence,Productivity = Output/InputWe are given that the equipment used costs $11,000 and remains productive for three years. The labor cost per year is $13,500. And the hamburger factory produces 50,000 hamburgers each week.There are 52 weeks in one year, so the total number of weeks in three years is 3 × 52 = 156.We can calculate the total output in three years as follows:
Total output in three years = 50,000 hamburgers/week × 156 weeks= 7,800,000 hamburgersThe total input cost for three years is the sum of the cost of equipment and labor, which is:$11,000 + 3 × $13,500 = $51,500Therefore, the productivity measure of "units of output per dollar of input" averaged over the three-year period is:
Productivity = 7,800,000 hamburgers/$51,500= 151.21 hamburgers/dollarb. Should the company consider purchasing this equipment (using productivity arguments alone)?The company has the option of purchasing equipment for $14,000, with an operating life of four years.\
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on march 31, year 1, mary borrowed $260,000 to buy her principal residence. mary paid 1 points to reduce her interest rate from 4 percent to 3 percent. the loan is for a 30-year period. what is mary's year 1 deduction for her points paid?
Mary's year 1 deduction for her points paid is $86.67.
To calculate Mary's year 1 deduction for her points paid, we need to consider a few factors.
First, Mary borrowed $260,000 on March 31, Year 1, to buy her principal residence. She paid 1 point to reduce her interest rate from 4 percent to 3 percent.
A point is equal to 1 percent of the loan amount. In this case, 1 point is equal to $260,000 * 0.01 = $2,600.
Next, we need to determine the loan period. In this case, Mary's loan is for a 30-year period.
To calculate the deduction for points paid, we divide the points paid by the loan period. So, $2,600 / 30 = $86.67.
Therefore, Mary's year 1 deduction for her points paid is $86.67.
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Provide the user with the option to select between the following product warranty options: - 1 - Applies a six-month product warranty. - Any other key applies a two-year warranty.
Answer:To provide the user with the option to select between a six-month and a two-year product warranty, you can create a prompt that asks the user to press "1" for the six-month warranty or any other key for the two-year warranty. This prompt can be displayed on a website or through an automated phone system.
Explanation:
Last month when Holiday Creations, Incorporated, sold 37,000 units, total sales were $148,000, total variable expenses were $113,960, and fixed expenses were $35,400.
Holiday Creations, Incorporated's last month sales, total variable expenses, and fixed expensesHoliday Creations, Incorporated is a company | that deals with the production of holiday decorations.
In the previous month, the company managed to sell 37,000 units. In addition to that, the total sales were 148,000. Furthermore, the total variable expenses were 113,960, and the fixed expenses were 35,400.Variable expenses are expenses that tend to change depending on the level of sales of a company. These expenses are usually not constant but fluctuate depending on how many products a company sells. Examples of variable expenses include the cost of goods sold, direct labor costs, and direct materials costs.Fixed expenses are expenses that remain constant regardless of the level of production of a company. These expenses do not change with sales or production levels.
Examples of fixed expenses include rent, insurance, salaries, property taxes, and equipment costs.The total cost is the sum of both variable expenses and fixed expenses. In this case, the total variable expenses were 113,960, and the fixed expenses were 35,400.
Therefore, the total cost is the sum of these two values:
Total Cost = Total Variable Expenses + Fixed Expenses
Total Cost = 113,960 + 35,400
Total Cost = 149,360
The company's profit is the difference between the total sales and the total cost of production. In this case, the company's total sales were 148,000, and the total cost was $149,360
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A chain of department stores (fashion, jewelry, cosmetics, decoration) decided to audit the returns. It is going to gather data of all the returns from all its stores over the last five years - several millions returns. The data involved are: the item identifier, the department identifier, the price of the item, the date and time of purchase, the store identifier, the date and time of return, whether the customer chose a refund or an exchange, the identifier of the agent who cashed in the sale, the identifier of the agent who registered the return (and therefore made the exchange or refund), the identifiers of the other agents working in the shop at the same time (at the same time as the purchase on the one hand and at the same time as the return on the other hand). These data will be extracted from about 100 terabytes of data collected and managed by this chain of stores. From these data, a software will look for correlations. Based on these results, the audit team will determine whether it is necessary to investigate certain situations in greater depth. This would be the case, for example, if for some agents, the returns result in more refunds than for other agents, or if there are more returns in one store than in others. Select all aspects of big data that are relevant here (as indicated in the application description). Volume Variety Velocity - in the sense that it is absolutely necessary to have a result in less than 3 seconds. Velocity - in the sense that the audit is made possible by faster data processing than in the past. Synchronous use Asynchronous use
The aspects of big data that are relevant in this scenario are Volume, Variety, and Velocity.
Volume: The data involved in this audit are several millions of returns from all the stores over the last five years, amounting to approximately 100 terabytes of data. The large volume of data requires efficient storage, processing, and analysis techniques.
Variety: The data collected includes various types of information, such as item identifiers, department identifiers, prices, dates and times of purchase and return, customer preferences, agent identifiers, and more. This diverse range of data types and formats adds to the variety aspect of big data.
Velocity (in two senses): First, the software needs to provide results in less than 3 seconds, indicating the need for real-time or near real-time processing and analysis to meet the time-sensitive requirements of the audit. Second, the audit team benefits from faster data processing capabilities compared to the past, enabling quicker identification of correlations and patterns in the data.
On the other hand, the aspects of big data that are not directly relevant in this scenario are synchronous use and asynchronous use. Synchronous use refers to real-time data interaction and analysis, which is not explicitly mentioned in the application description. Asynchronous use refers to accessing and processing data at different times, which is also not a highlighted aspect in this case.
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Who is on the Customer Advisory Council in Marriot Hotel?
Representatives from a range of client sectors, including business travelers, vacationers, and travel brokers, make up the Marriott Hotel's client Advisory Council.
A broker is a person or company that helps buyers and sellers make arrangements for their transactions. When the deal is done, this could be done in exchange for a commission. A broker who acts as both a seller and a buyer simultaneously becomes a principal party to the transaction.
A person who negotiates on behalf of a principal party should not be confused with either role. In some industries, a broker is an independent party whose services are frequently utilized. The primary responsibility of a broker is to connect buyers and sellers, making them the intermediary between buyers and sellers.
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Merit-based pay allows organizations to reward employees who perform above expectations and gives motivation to staff members to work harder than they normally might. Instruction: Analyse the effect of merit-based pay on employee motivation (2 pages).
Merit-based pay is a type of compensation system that rewards employees who perform above expectations. It is considered a motivational tool because it gives staff members the incentive to work harder than they normally would.
The effect of merit-based pay on employee motivation is a topic of interest for many organizations, as it can have a significant impact on productivity and job satisfaction.
The primary effect of merit-based pay on employee motivation is that it provides an incentive for employees to perform above expectations.
This is because employees are motivated to work harder when they know that they will be rewarded for their efforts.
Merit-based pay is also an effective way to recognize and reward employees who have excelled in their roles.
This can increase their job satisfaction and encourage them to continue performing at a high level.
Another effect of merit-based pay on employee motivation is that it can improve the quality of work produced by employees.
This is because employees who are motivated to work harder are more likely to produce higher-quality work.
This can lead to better results for the organization, which can translate into increased profits or other benefits.
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Bali beach offers lessons in negative externalities.
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Section: Business Edition: B - Main
I RECENTLY attended a conference in one of Bali's big hotels. Luxuriously decorated, the hotel was a welcome escape from noise, heat and the constant spruiking outside. If you've been to Bali too, you know what I mean: ``Hello? Transport?''
The contrast between hotel and street environments seemed vast. But economic ideas underlying our conference discussions were relevant outside. I'll give you an example.
A friend who visited Bali last year said a beach chair should cost me 10,000 to 15,000 rupiah (90-$1.40) for the day. But despite my hardest bargaining, I couldn't get a price below 20,000. This turned out to be unrelated to my bargaining skills.
Each section of beach is allocated to a local business person, who pays an annual licence fee to the Government for the right to operate. The licence stipulates the maximum number of beach chairs on the site. This year, the Government halved this number. So licence holders doubled the price.
Why would the Government limit chairs? Consider what would happen if they didn't. Licence holders would cover every last centimetre of their section with chairs to get the most revenue possible for their licence investment. This would reduce the beach's scenic value. It would also be harder for beach sellers to wander among the lounging tourists.
In economic parlance, we call these ``negative externalities'' - an increase in production results in uncompensated costs to others. Classic examples are pollution and traffic congestion.
Governments have many policy instruments to deal with negative externalities. For Bali beach chairs, the Government uses licensing with volume restrictions (quotas). In Australia, there are similar examples in fisheries industries. Other options include imposing tariffs or quotas on imports, putting tolls on roads, setting water prices or restrictions, introducing taxes (eg a carbon tax) and issuing tradable permits with a limit on total output (eg emission trading). The intent is the same - reduce negative externalities so that society as a whole is better off.
So who pays for all this? That's a question for case-by-case analysis and usually results in the biggest political arguments. But in our simple Bali beach chair example, the answer is clear: tourists.
But a problem remains: ``You want massage? Braiding? Manicure? Tattoo?'' I'd like a tattoo on my head saying, ``I'm paying a government-imposed premium for peace and quiet here - leave me alone!''
Dr Jennifer Harrison
Southern Cross
Business School
Southern Cross University
Copyright of Gold Coast Bulletin, The is the property of News Limited Australia. The copyright in an individual article may be maintained by the author in certain cases. Content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. Source: Gold Coast Bulletin, The, 10/07/2013, p41
Item: 9X9GCBGCB-20131007-B-041-310459
Read the above news article , "Bali beach offers lessons in negative externalities." and answer the questions.
Questions
1. Do you agree with the author’s point of view? Are the tourists responsible for paying for the negative externalities? Why not?
2. Provide examples of three ways the government could use and respond to this externality. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each of these solutions?
Minimum 400-400 words explanation for both the questions.
You can use the answers and explanation below as an example to write your own essays concerning tourists and the responsibility for externalities.
Regarding the author's point of view, it can be inferred that they agree with the idea that tourists should bear the cost of negative externalities associated with beach chairs in Bali. However, the author does express frustration with the constant solicitation from beach sellers. Whether tourists should be solely responsible for paying for negative externalities is a subjective matter. In some cases, it may be reasonable for tourists to contribute to the costs associated with maintaining the beach and managing externalities. However, it is important to consider other stakeholders and potential solutions to ensure fairness and sustainability.Examples of three ways the government could respond to the externality of beach chairs in Bali are:
Implementing stricter licensing regulations.Introducing a beach chair tax.Implementing a tradable permit system.How can the government respond?The following better explains the three manners in which the government could respond to externality in the given context:
Implementing stricter licensing regulations: The government could establish more stringent rules regarding the allocation of beach chair licenses, including the maximum number of chairs allowed per section. This would help prevent overcrowding and maintain the beach's scenic value. Advantages of this approach include preserving the beach's aesthetics and providing a better experience for tourists. However, a disadvantage could be the potential reduction in revenue for license holders and limited availability of chairs for tourists.Introducing a beach chair tax: The government could impose a tax on beach chair operators based on the number of chairs they have. This tax revenue could be used to mitigate the negative externalities or invest in beach infrastructure and maintenance. Advantages include generating additional revenue for the government and potentially incentivizing more responsible use of beach chair allocations. However, a disadvantage is that the tax burden may be passed on to tourists through higher prices for renting beach chairs.Implementing a tradable permit system: The government could introduce a system where beach chair operators are allocated a specific number of permits to operate. These permits could be traded among operators, allowing for flexibility and efficient allocation of beach chair resources. Advantages include promoting market efficiency and flexibility in responding to demand. However, a disadvantage could be the potential concentration of permits in the hands of a few operators, leading to reduced competition and potentially higher prices for tourists.It is essential to carefully assess the advantages and disadvantages of each solution in the context of Bali's specific circumstances and stakeholder interests. Different approaches may be more suitable depending on factors such as environmental impact, revenue generation, fairness, and sustainability.
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Roth Corp. reports the following on its balance sheets:
December 31, 2022
December 31, 2021
Property and equipment, at cost
$239,000
$147,000
Common stock
813,000
491,000
During 2022, Roth
Roth Corp. reports the following on its balance sheets: December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Property and equipment, at cost $239,000$147,000 Common stock 813,000491,000 During 2022, Roth Corp. incurred $180,000 of research and development costs.
In the consolidated income statement for 2022, Roth Corp. should report a charge for research and development of $180,000.
Explanation: Roth Corp. incurred $180,000 of research and development costs during 2022. These expenses should be charged to the company's consolidated income statement. For the year 2022, Roth Corp. would be required to report a charge for research and development costs of $180,000 in its income statement.
This cost will reduce the company's net income for the year. As a result, the company's retained earnings will be lower, but its financial position will be the same. In the balance sheet of Roth Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2022, research and development costs will not be listed as a separate line item.
Instead, they are included in the cost of goods sold or operating expenses in the income statement. This is because research and development costs are classified as operating expenses rather than assets, as they do not provide any future benefits to the company.
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mentoring in which younger employees mentor more senior employees is known as
The practice in which younger employees mentor more senior employees is referred to as "reverse mentoring."
Reverse mentoring is a practice in which younger employees provide mentorship to more senior employees. This provides senior employees with the opportunity to learn from younger employees' expertise in areas such as technology and social media, which can help senior employees become more technologically savvy and connected.
Reverse mentoring is a way to promote knowledge sharing and a learning culture in organizations. It allows younger employees to share their knowledge and expertise with senior employees while also providing senior employees with an opportunity to build relationships with younger staff members. Reverse mentoring can be an effective way to foster cross-generational learning and understanding in the workplace.
The mentoring relationship in which younger employees mentor more senior employees is known as "reverse mentoring." It is a practice that has become more popular in recent years as companies recognize the benefits of cross-generational learning and collaboration.
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The aim of process standardization is to assist new workers benefiting from the cumulative ___ of those that came before.
The aim of process standardization is to ensure that the processes that have been tried and tested over the years are followed and adhered to by new employees to ensure the continuity of the business.
The aim of process standardization is to assist new workers benefiting from the cumulative knowledge of those that came before.
This means that process standardization aims to ensure that the processes that have been tried and tested over the years are followed and adhered to by new employees to ensure the continuity of the business.
Standardization of processes is a tool that is employed to ensure that the organization is run in a systematic, organized and predictable manner.
This is achieved by creating a standard framework of processes that are followed by all employees. The aim of this standardization is to ensure that all employees follow the same procedures, which is a guarantee that the output produced will be of high quality and consistent.
The main objective of process standardization is to create a uniformity of processes that is easy to understand, learn and follow.
This will ensure that the new employees are not bogged down by the processes, but rather they are able to understand and follow the procedures with ease. This will make the training of new employees more effective, as they will be able to learn faster, and they will be able to produce high-quality output sooner.
In conclusion, the aim of process standardization is to ensure that the processes that have been tried and tested over the years are followed and adhered to by new employees to ensure the continuity of the business.
Process standardization ensures that the organization is run in a systematic, organized and predictable manner. It creates a standard framework of processes that are followed by all employees to produce high-quality output consistently.
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77. You complete a runs test on daily data for a thinly traded stock and the Z statistic is -5.13. If the stock has a return of -0.33% late in the trading day and you are convinced that other investors are not aware of the results, based on the runs test results, an investor would:
Buy or long the stock in late trading.
Sell or short the stock in late trading.
Wait an additional day to buy the stock.
Wait an additional day to short the stock.
Take neither a long or short position in the stock.
None of the above answers is correct.
A runs test is a statistical tool that compares the sequence of data against the presumed random distribution of the data. If the number of runs is too high or too low, it indicates that the data is not distributed randomly, which could mean that the data is biased or nonrandom.
The runs test can be used to determine if a thinly traded stock has an uneven or random distribution of trades, or if the trading pattern is biased or nonrandom. Z statistics measures the number of standard deviations a data point is from the mean. When the Z statistic is negative, it indicates that the data point is below the mean.
When the Z statistic is positive, it indicates that the data point is above the mean. In the question above, the Z statistic is -5.13, which indicates that the data point is 5.13 standard deviations below the mean.
If the stock has a return of -0.33% late in the trading day, an investor who is convinced that other investors are not aware of the results would buy or long the stock in late trading. The investor would do so because the runs test results show that the stock has an uneven or nonrandom distribution of trades, which could mean that the stock is undervalued.
Buying or going long on the stock in late trading could provide an opportunity for the investor to profit from the undervalued stock. Therefore, the correct answer is to buy or long the stock in late trading.
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Perez Company is considering an investment of $27,215 that provides net cash flows of $8,400 annually for four years. (a) What is the internal rate of return of this investment? (PV of \$1, FV of \$1. PVA of \$1, and FVA of \$1) (Use appropriate factor(s) fro the tables provided. Round your present value factor to 4 decimals.) (b) The hurdle rate is 8%. Should the company invest in this project on the basis of internal rate of return? Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. What is the internal rate of return of this investment?
The internal rate of return of an investment represents the interest rate at which the net present value of an investment is zero. Thus, it is a metric used to analyze the profitability of potential investments. Now, let us compute the internal rate of return for the given problem.
Given:
Initial investment = $27,215
Net cash flow per year = $8,400
Years of cash flows = 4 years
We need to find the internal rate of return.
To do so, we will use the following formula:
PV = -Initial Investment + (Net Cash flow / Interest rate annuity factor)$0 = -$27,215 + ($8,400 / PVIFA(i%,4))
Here, PVIFA(i%,4) is the present value interest factor of an annuity of $1 per year for four years at i% per year.
Using the present value interest factor of an annuity of $1 per year for four years at i% per year table, the factor for 8%
for four years comes out to be 3.3121.
Substituting this in the above equation, we get:0 = -27,215 + (8,400 / 3.3121)
Rearranging the above equation:27,215 = (8,400 / 3.3121)i = 14.50%
Therefore, the internal rate of return (IRR) of the investment is 14.50%.
Now, let us move to the second part of the question.
Given that the hurdle rate is 8%.
Since the internal rate of return of the project is 14.50%, which is higher than the hurdle rate of 8%, the company should invest in this project on the basis of internal rate of return. Hence, we can conclude that the company should invest in this project as the internal rate of return is more than the hurdle rate.
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write one page about how you will improve employee's or
subordinates performance through motivation?
A positive work environment that promotes teamwork and collaboration is also critical. By implementing these strategies, an organization can enhance employee motivation, resulting in increased productivity, job satisfaction, and ultimately, organizational success.
Motivation is an essential aspect that plays an essential role in enhancing employee performance. There are various ways in which an individual can improve the performance of subordinates or employees. To start with, setting specific goals for employees to achieve is essential.
Moreover, recognizing employees' contributions to the organization can increase motivation. For instance, acknowledging employees' efforts through public recognition can improve their morale and motivate them to put in more effort. Additionally, providing feedback can motivate employees and provide a clear understanding of what they need to improve on.
Furthermore, providing career growth opportunities can motivate employees to work harder. Employees tend to feel motivated when they know they have opportunities for professional growth and development. This can be achieved by developing a workplace culture that emphasizes respect, collaboration, and teamwork.
improving employee performance through motivation requires setting clear goals, providing incentives, acknowledging employee contributions, providing feedback, and offering career growth opportunities.
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