Answer:
$416,000
Explanation:
The computation of the break even in dollars for the company is given below:
Total fixed expenses = Traceable fixed expenses + Common fixed expenses
= $50,000 + $80,000
= $130,000
Now
Contribution margin ratio = (Sales - Variable costs) ÷Sales × 100
= ($500,000 - $343,750) ÷ $500,000 × 100
= 31.25%
Now
Break-eve dollars = Fixed expenses ÷ Contribution margin ratio
= $130,000 ÷ 31.25%
= $416,000
An owner can lease her building for $160,000 per year for three years. The explicit cost of maintaining the building is $55,000, and the implicit cost is $70,000. All revenues are received, and costs borne, at the end of each year. If the interest rate is 5 percent, determine the present value of the stream of:_______.
a. Accounting profits.
b. Economic profits.
Answer:
a. Accounting profits.
Account profit = Revenue - explicit cost
= 160,000 - 55,000
= $105,000
Present value of $105,000 per year for 3 years is:
= 105,000 * Present value interest factor of an Annuity, 3 years, 5%
= 105,000 * 2.7232
= $285,936
b. Economic profit
Economic profit = Revenue - explicit cost - implicit cost
= 160,000 - 55,000 - 70,000
= $35,000
Present value of $35,000 per year for 3 years:
= 35,000 * Present value interest factor of an Annuity, 3 years, 5%
= 35,000 * 2.7232
= $95,312
Note: The profits were treated as annuities as they were constant.
Your grandfather has offered you a choice of one of the three following alternatives: $11,500 now; $5,700 a year for five years; or $71,000 at the end of five years. Use Appendix B and Appendix D for an approximate answer, but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods.
Required:
a. Assuming you could earn 9 percent annually, compute the present value of each alternative.
b. Which alternative should you choose?
Answer:
1. $11,500
2. $22,171.01
3. $46,145.13
option 3. This is because it has the highest present value
Explanation:
Present value is the sum of discounted cash flows
Present value can be calculated using a financial calculator
option 2
Cash flow each year from year 1 to 5 = $5,700
I = 9
PV = 22,171,01
OPTION 3
Cash flow in year 5 = 71,000
I = 9
PV = 46,145.13
To determine PV using a financial calculator take the following steps:
1. Input the cash flow values by pressing the CF button. After inputting the value, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
2. after inputting all the cash flows, press the NPV button, input the value for I, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
3. Press compute
Bluegill Company sells 14,000 units at $240 per unit. Fixed costs are $168,000, and operating income is $1,176,000. Determine the following:
a. Variable cost per unit.
b. Unit contribution margin.
c. Contribution margin ratio.
Answer:
a. Variable cost per unit:
= (Sales - Fixed costs - Operating income) / number of units sold
= ((14,000 units * 240) - 168,000 - 1,176,000) / 14,000
= 2,016,000 / 14,000
= $144 per unit
b. Unit contribution margin:
= Selling price - Variable cost per unit
= 240 - 144
= $96
c. Contribution margin ratio:
= Unit contribution margin / Selling price
= 96 / 240
= 40%
Smith Construction,Inc.just paid a $2.78 dividend.The dividend is expected to grow by 4% each year for the next three years.After that the company will never pay another dividend ever again.If your required return on the stock investment is 10%,what should the stock sell for today?
A) $7.46
B) $28.91
C) $46.33
D) $15.63
Answer:
A) $7.46
Explanation:
The computation of the stock sell for today is given below:
D1 = 2.78 × (1.04)
= 2.89
D2 = 2.89 × (1.04)
= 3.01
D3 = 3.01 × (1.04) = 3.13
Now the price of the stock is
= 2.89 ÷ (1.1) + 3.01 ÷ (1.1)^2 + 3.13 ÷ (1.1)^3
= $7.46
hence, the correct option is a.
The same should be considered and relevant
The Cullumber Acres Inn is trying to determine its break-even point during its off-peak season. The inn has 50 rooms that it rents at $65 a night. Operating costs are as follows:
Salaries $7,000 per month
Utilities $1,000 per month
Depreciation $1,100 per month
Maintenance $1,508 per month
Maid service $13 per room
Other costs $26 per room
Required:
a. Determine the inn's break-even point in number of rented rooms per month.
b. Determine the inn's break-even point in dollars.
Answer:
a. Breakeven point in number of rented rooms:
= Fixed costs / Contribution margin
Fixed cost = Salaries per month + Utilities + Depreciation + Maintenance
= 7,000 + 1,000 + 1,100 + 1,508
= $10,608
Contribution margin:
= Rent price - Maid service - Other costs
= 65 - 13 - 26
= $26
Breakeven point in rented rooms:
= 10,608 / 26
= 408 rooms
b. Breakeven point in dollars:
= Fixed costs / Contribution margin ratio
= 10,608 / (26 / 65)
= 10,608 / 40%
= $26,520
10 years with a stated interest rate of 11% and a face value of $500,000. Interest payments are made semi-annually. The market rate for this type of bond is 12%. Using present value tables, calculate the issue price of the bonds
Answer:= $471,325
Explanation:
Price of a bond = Present value of coupon payments + Present value of face value at maturity
Coupon payments = 500,000 * 11% * 1/2 years = $27,500
Periodic yield = 12%/ 2 = 6% per semi annual period
Periods = 10 * 2 = 20 semi annual periods
Coupon payment is constant so it is an annuity.
Price of bond = Present value of annuity + Present value of face value at maturity
= (Annuity * Present value interest factor of Annuity, 6%, 20 years) + Face value / (1 + rate) ^ number of periods
= (27,500 * 11.4699) + 500,000 / (1 + 6%)²⁰
= $471,325
A frozen foods company changes an ingredient to meet a new government standard. This is an example of
O following a federal regulation.
O lowering prices for customers.
O reducing the risk for consumers.
o creating a new product.
Here and After Corporation plans a new issue of preferred stock. Similar risk stock currently offers an annual return to investors of 18.0%. The company wants the stock to sell for $743.00 per share. What annual dividend must the company offer?
a. $192.85.
b. $4,127.78.
c. $148.45.
d. $133.74.
e. $3,809.94.
Answer: d. $133.74
Explanation:
The dividend paid to preferred shareholders is constant and based on the annual rate of return on the stock. If they plan to sell at a price of $743 per share, the dividend will be:
Dividend = Annual rate of return on stock * Price of stock
= 18% * 743
= $133.74
ai là người giàu nhất thế giới
Answer:
Jeff Bezos
Explanation:
Jeff Bezos là người sáng lập Amazon và có giá trị tài sản ròng là 205 tỷ USD
Đây là danh sách các nhà vận chuyển tiền được xếp hạng:
https://www.forbes.com/real-time-billionaire/#114ff8bb3d78
Jeff Bezos is the founder of Amazon and has a net worth of $205 billion Here's a list of billionaire's ranked:
https://www.forbes.com/real-time-billionaires/#114ff8bb3d78
Jennifer is the sole beneficiary of an irrevocable trust created by her father. Income and principal may be distributed to her at the trustee's discretion. Jennifer has a 5-and-5 power of appointment over the trust. Jennifer died last month at which time the trust was valued at $2,500,000. She did not withdraw any money from the trust this year. How much of the trust was included in her estate at death
Answer:
$125,000
Explanation:
Calculation to determine How much of the trust was included in her estate at death
Since she has 5-and-5 power of appointment over the trust which means that she has the ability to withdraw the GREATER of 5% of fair market value (fmv) of the trust or the amount of $5,000.
Hence, the amount that was included in her estate at death will be $125,000 which is calculated as (5%*trust valued amount of $2,500,000)
Therefore How much of the trust was included in her estate at death is $125,000
Alpha Technology produces two products: a high-end laptop under the label Excellent Laptops and an inexpensive desktop under the label Outstanding Computers. The two products use two overhead activities, with the following costs:
Setting up equipment $3,000
Machining $15,000
The controller has collected the expected annual prime costs for each product, the machine hours, the setup hours, and the expected production. Excellent Laptops Outstanding Computers
Direct Labor $25,000 $10,000
Direct Materials $20,000 $5,000
Expected Production in Units 3,000 3,000
Machine Hours 850 2,000
Setup Hours 80 75
Calculate Outstanding Computer's consumption ratio for setup hours. (Note: Round your answer to two decimal places.)
a. 0.25
b. 0.48
c. 0.75
d. 0.45
e. 0.90
Answer:
Alpha Technology
Outstanding Computer's consumption ratio for setup hours is:
b. 0.48
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Overhead activities and costs:
Setting up equipment $3,000
Machining $15,000
Excellent Outstanding
Laptops Computers
Direct Labor $25,000 $10,000
Direct Materials $20,000 $5,000
Expected Production in Units 3,000 3,000
Machine Hours 850 2,000
Setup Hours 80 75
Total setup hours = 155 hours
Outstanding Computer's consumption ratio for setup hours = 75/155 * 100
= 48%
Samir is a self-employed marketing consultant. He had no income from January through March 2020. His April through December 2020 income subject to SE tax is $55,000.
Samir's SE tax for 2020 is $7,771 [$55,000 x 0.9235 x 0.153 = $7,771]. Samir may reduce his estimated tax payments by how much? Hint: USE Form Schedule SE to help you find the answer.
Answer:
$3,886
Explanation:
Since SELF EMPLOYMENT TAX is 15.3% of your wages which is why the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) make it possible for you to deduct your employer equal portion of your self employment taxes that the employer pays during the year which is 7.65% Calculated as (15.3%/2) which therefore means that Samir may reduce his ESTIMATED TAX PAYMENTS by $3,886 [$55,000 x 0.9235 x 0.0765 = $3,886] while the remaining 7.65%( 15.3% -7.65%) are not deductible because they correspond to employee taxes.
Therefore he may reduce his ESTIMATED TAX PAYMENTS by $3,886.
The debt to owners' equity ratio is a common type of liquidity ratio
Answer: No
Explanation: D/E is a solvency ratio. Liquidity ratios are quick and current ratios.
You are offered an investment with returns of $ 1,371 in year 1, $ 3,623 in year 2, and $ 3,830 in year 3. The investment will cost you $ 8,022 today. If the appropriate Cost of Capital is 7.4 %, what is the Net present Value of the investment
Answer:
$-512.90
Explanation:
Net present value is the present value of after-tax cash flows from an investment less the amount invested.
Only projects with a positive NPV should be accepted. A project with a negative NPV should not be chosen because it isn't profitable.
When choosing between positive NPV projects, choose the project with the highest NPV first because it is the most profitable.
NPV can be calculated using a financial calculator
Cash flow in year 0 = $-8,022
Cash flow in year 1 = 1371
Cash flow in year 2 = 3623
Cash flow in year 3 = 3830
I = 7.4
NPV = $-512.90
To determine NPV using a financial calculator:
1. Input the cash flow values by pressing the CF button. After inputting the value, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
2. after inputting all the cash flows, press the NPV button, input the value for I, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
3. Press compute
An effective price ceiling will cause consumers to: Instructions: In order to receive full credit, you must make a selection for each option. For correct answer(s), click the option once to place a check mark. For incorrect answer(s), click the option twice to empty the box. check all that apply gain surplus from additional trades.unanswered lose surplus from paying a lower price.unanswered lose surplus from trades that no longer take place.unanswered gain surplus from paying a lower price.unanswered
Answer:
gain surplus from paying a lower price
Explanation:
An effective price ceiling will cause consumers to "gain surplus from paying a lower price."
This is based on the idea that an effective price ceiling usually leads to prices being below the equilibrium price or equates to a lower price.
At this point, the buyers demand more of the products, while the sellers have a lower incentive to produce more. And therefore, the quantity demanded will exceed the quantity supplied.
Hence, consumers gain excess (more demands) by paying a lower price.
Bugaboo Co. manufactures three types of cookies: Fluffs, Crinkles, and Snaps. The production process is relatively simple, and factory overhead costs are allocated to products using a single plantwide factory rate based on direct labor hours. Information for the month of May, Bugaboo's first month of operations, follows:
Budgeted Unit Volume Direct Labor Hours per unit
Fluffs 80,000 boxes 0.10
Crinkles 60,000 boxes 0.20
Snaps 20,000 boxes 0.50
Bugaboo has budgeted direct labor costs for May at $8.50 per hour. Budgeted direct materials costs for May are: Fluffs, $0.75/unit; Crinkles $0.40/unit; and Snaps $0.30/unit.
Bugaboo's budgeted overhead costs for May are:
Indirect Labor $280,000
Utilities $65,000
Supplies $45,000
Depreciation $30,000
Total $420,000
Assume that Bugaboo sells all the boxes it produces in May. Round your answers to two decimal places, if necessary.
a. Compute Bugaboo's plantwide factory overhead rate for May.
$_______per direct labor hour
b. Compute May's product cost for each type of cookie.
Cost per box Fluffs Crinkles Snaps
Total manufacturing cost $____ $____ $ ____
Answer:
Bugaboo Co.
a. Bugaboo's plantwide factory overhead rate for May.
$14 per direct labor hour
b. May's product cost for each type of cookie.
Fluffs Crinkles Snaps
Cost per box $3.00 $4.90 $11.55
Total manufacturing cost $240,000 $294,000 $231,000
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Budgeted Unit Volume Direct Labor Hours Total DLH
per unit
Fluffs 80,000 boxes 0.10 8,000
Crinkles 60,000 boxes 0.20 12,000
Snaps 20,000 boxes 0.50 10,000
Total direct labor hours for the three products = 30,000
Budgeted overhead costs for May are:
Indirect Labor $280,000
Utilities $65,000
Supplies $45,000
Depreciation $30,000
Total $420,000
Overhead rate per direct labor hour = $14 ($420,000/30,000)
Fluffs Crinkles Snaps
Direct labor hours 8,000 12,000 10,000
Direct materials per unit $0.75 $0.40 $0.30
Direct materials $60,000 $24,000 $6,000
Direct labor costs 68,000 102,000 85,000
Overhead allocated 112,000 168,000 140,000
Total production costs $240,000 $294,000 $231,000
Cost per box $3.00 $4.90 $11.55
The Campbell Company is considering adding a robotic paint sprayer to its production line. The sprayer's base price is $1,080,000, and it would cost another $19,000 to install it. The machine falls into the MACRS 3-year class (the applicable MACRS depreciation rates are 33.33%, 44.45%, 14.81%, and 7.41%), and it would be sold after 3 years for $626,000. The machine would require an increase in net working capital (inventory) of $18,500. The sprayer would not change revenues, but it is expected to save the firm $436,000 per year in before-tax operating costs, mainly labor. Campbell's marginal tax rate is 30%. Cash outflows, if any, should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to the nearest dollar.
What is the Year-0 net cash flow?
Answer:
$1,117,500
Explanation:
The net cash flow required immediately( year zero) to get the project underway comprises the sprayer's base price, its installation cost as well as the net working capital of $18,500.
The above-highlighted items are the ones cash outflows required in year zero while other ones are cash inflows or outflows required subsequently.
The net cash flow in year zero is computed thus:
Year-0 net cash flow=$1,080,000+$19,000+ $18,500
Year-0 net cash flow=$1,117,500
ABC Corp. issued $100,000 of bonds at a premium; as a result, the company: A. received more than $100,000. B. received less than $100,000. C. will pay the bondholders more money on the maturity date than it received on the issue date. D. received $100,000.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
If the yield to maturity is greater than the bonds coupon rate the bond is selling at a discount. Bond issuers would receive less than the face value of the bond as payment when the bond is sold
If the yield to maturity is less than the bonds coupon rate the bond is selling at a premium. Bond issuers would receive a greater sum than the face value of the bond as payment when the bond is sold
If a bond’s coupon rate is equal to its yield to maturity, then the bond is selling at par. Bond issuers would receive an amount equal to the face value of the bond as payment when the bond is sold
Guillermo's Oil and Lube Company is a service company that offers oil changes and lubrication for automobiles and light trucks. On average, Guillermo has found that a typical oil change takes 24 minutes and 6.2 quarts of oil are used. In June, Guillermo's Oil and Lube had 980 oil changes. Guillermo's Oil and Lube Company provided the following information for the production of oil changes during the month of June:
Actual number of oil changes performed: 980
Actual number of direct labor hours worked: 386
Actual rate paid per direct labor hour: $14.50
Standard rate per direct labor hour: $14.00
Required:
a. Calculate total direct labor variance for oil changes in June?
b. Calculate The Direct Labor Rate Variance (LRV) and Direct Labor efficiency variance (LEV)
Answer:
that hurts my brain when I try to think of the answer
Your aunt has promised to give you $5,000 when you graduate from college. You expect to graduate three years from now. If you speed up your plans to enable you to graduate two years from now, the present value of the promised gift will: Multiple Choice be less than $5,000. remain constant. decrease. Incorrect equal $5,000. increase
Answer:
The present value of the promised gift will:
be less than $5,000.
Explanation:
The present value of $5,000 to be received in three years' time from today is less than $5,000 received. This is explained by the time value of money concept. If the $5,000 gift is discounted to today's value, using a discount factor of 0.751 (10% in three years' time), it would be $3,755 ($5,000 * 0.751). This means that $5,000 received in year 3 is less than $5,000 received today.
The present value of the promised gift will be less than $5,000 If a person speeds up his/her plans to enable to graduate two years from now, by applying the concept of the time value of money.
What is the time value of money?The time value of money is a fundamental concept of finance. This concept maintains that money or cash in the present is worth more than the identical sum of money to be accepted in the future.
In the above case, The present value of $5,000 to be received in the period of three years from today would be less than $5,000 received.
In the above case, the concept of the time value of money is applied. It means that if the $5,000 gift is discounted to today's value, using a discount factor of 0.751 (10% in three years' time), it would be:
[tex]=\$5,000 \times 0.751\\= \$3,755[/tex]
This means that $5,000 received in year 3 is less than $5,000 received today.
Therefore, option A is correct.
To learn more about the time value, refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/95926
Components of the master budget are the operating budget, the capital expenditures budget, and the financial budget. Group of answer choices True False
Answer: True
Explanation:
A master budget refers to the lower-level budgets that is within an organization, and the financial plan, the cash flow forecasts, and the budgeted financial statements.
The master budget consists of three main components which are the operating budget, financial budget and the capital expenditures budget.
Therefore, the statement is true.
XZYY, Inc. currently has an issue of bonds outstanding that will mature in 16 years. The bonds have a face value of $1,000 and a stated annual coupon rate of 13.0% with annual coupon payments. The bond is currently selling for $1,176. The bonds may be called in 3 years for 113.0% of the par value. What is your expected quoted annual rate of return if you buy the bonds and hold them until maturity
Answer: 10.66%
Explanation:
The expected quoted annual rate of return when the bonds are bought and being held until maturity will be calculated thus:
Coupon payment = 1000 × 13% = 130
The Yield to Maturity formula will be:
= Rate(maturity period, coupon payment, -price, fave value)
= Rate(16, 130, -1176, 1000)
Yield to Maturity = 10.66%
Therefore, the expected quoted annual rate of return is 10.66%.
Zell Company had sales of $1,800,000 and related cost of merchandise sold of $1,150,000 for its first year of operations ending December 31, 20Y3. Zell Company provides customers refunds and allowances for any damaged merchandise. At the end of the year, Zell Company estimates that customers will request refunds and allowances for 1.5% of sales. Assume that on February 3, 20Y4, Zell Company paid a customer a $5,000 cash refund for damaged merchandise. Required: (a) Journalize the adjusting entry on December 31, 20Y3, to record the expected customer refunds and allowances\.\* (b) Journalize the entry to record the cash refund\.\* *Refer to the chart of accounts for the exact wording of the account titles. CNOW journals do not use lines for journal explanations. Every line on a journal page is used for debit or credit entries. CNOW journals will automatically indent a credit entry when a credit amount is entered.
Solution :
a). Date Description Debit($) Credit($)
31st Dec 20Y3 Sales 27,000
(1,800,000 x 1.5%)
Customer refunds payable 27,000
Estimated sales return 16,000
inventory
Cost of merchandise sold 16,000
b). Date Description Debit($) Credit($)
3 Feb, 20Y4 Customer refund payable 5000
Cash 5000
Merchandise inventory 3100
Estimated return inventory 3100
The demand and supply functions for basic cable TV in the local market are given as: Calculate the consumer and producer surplus in this market. If the government implements a price ceiling of $15 on the price of basic cable service, calculate the new levels of consumer and producer surplus. Are all consumers better off
Answer: Hello your question is poorly written attached below is the complete question
answer:
a) Cs = 800,000 , Ps = 1,500,000
b) Cs = 1437500, Ps = 525,000
Explanation:
Demand function ( Qd ) = 200,000 - 4000 P
supply function ( Qs ) = 20,000 + 2000 P
at equilibrium : 200,000 - 4000P = 20,000 + 2000P
therefore ; P = 180,000 / 6000 = 30
Q = 20,000 + 2000 ( 30 ) = 80,000
a) Determine consumer and producer surplus in the market
consumer surplus ( Cs ) This is the area above the price and below the demand curve = 1/2 * ( 50 - 30 ) 80,000 = 800,000
producer surplus ( Ps ) This is the area above supply and below price
= 30 * ( 80,000 ) - 1/2 (80,000 - 20,000 ) (30)
= 1,500,000
b) Determine the new levels of consumer and producer surplus with a price ceiling of $15
Pc (ceiling price ) = $15
Qd = 200,000 - 4000 ( 15 ) = 140,000
Qs = 20,000 + 2000 ( 15 ) = 50,000
∴ New consumer surplus = area ( a , Pc, b, d )
= ( 30 - 15 ) (50,000) + 1/2(50-30) (80,000) - 1/2 (80,000 - 50,000 ) (37.5 - 30)
= 1437500
New producer surplus = area ( Pc , b, e 0 )
= ( 15 ) ( 50000) - 1/2 ( 50,000 - 20,000 ) (15)
= 525,000
Ivo Company has a $10 million face value bond issue outstanding. These bonds include a call option that permits Ivo to redeem the bonds at any time for 101% of par. These bonds were issued at a premium and have a carrying value of $10,200,000. If Ivo calls the bonds, its income statement will reflect:_---.
a. neither a gain nor a loss on redemption.
b. a gain on redemption.
c. a loss on redemption.
Answer:
b. a gain on redemption.
Explanation:
Given that
The face value of the bond is $10 million
The bond should be redeemed at 101% of par
Also it is issued for a premium and its carrying value is $10,200,000
Since the carrying value is more than the face value that means the income statement represent the gain on redemption of the bonds
Therefore the option b is correct
Gutierrez Company is constructing a building. Construction began in 2014 and the building was completed on December 31, 2014. Gutierrez made payments to the construction company of $2,500,000 on 7/1/14, $5,500,000 on 9/1/14, and $5,000,000 on 12/31/14. What is the amount of weighted average accumulated expenditures
Answer:
$3,083,333.33
Explanation:
Weighted average accumulated expenditures = ($2,500,000*6/12) + ($5,500,000*4/12)
Weighted average accumulated expenditures = $1,250,000 + $1,833,333.33
Weighted average accumulated expenditures = $3,083,333.33
So, the amount of weighted average accumulated expenditures is $3,083,333.33.
Department S had 700 units 70% completed in process at the beginning of the period, 8,800 units completed during the period, and 900 units 37% completed at the end of the period. What was the number of equivalent units of production for the period for conversion if the first-in, first-out method is used to cost inventories? Assume the completion percentage applies to both direct materials and conversion cost.
a. 9,543.
b. 8,310.
c. 8,100.
d. 8,643.
Answer:
d. 8,643
Explanation:
Calculation to determin the number of equivalent units of production for the period for conversion if the first-in, first-out method is used to cost inventories
Units Completed During the period 8,800 units
Add Units Completed at the end 333 units
(900 units *37% )
Less Units Completed at the beginning 490 units
(700 units* 70)
Number of equivalent units 8,643
Therefore the number of equivalent units of production for the period for conversion if the first-in, first-out method is used to cost inventories is 8,643
Summarize the Product Development Process
Jebali Company reports gross income of $340,000 and other property-related expenses of $229,000 and uses a depletion rate of 14%. Calculate Jebali's depletion allowance for the current year. $fill in the blank 1
Answer:
15,540
Explanation:
Depletion = depletion rate x (gross income - expenses)
0.14 x ($340,000 - $229,000) = 15,540
Sarah inherited a large amount of cash after her grandparents passed away. She would rather overdraw her bank account and max out her credit cards, then deposit the cash into her bank account. This is an example of a consumer ________.
Answer:
a) failing to treat money as fungible
Explanation:
In the given situation, since sarah has been use the money in the form of credit cards rather using the larger cash amount which is in her hand. So this represents that she should be failed for using the 2 forms of money also the fungibility of money means the various forms of money could be used interchangable.
Therefore the option a is correct
