a gorilla protecting his family from hunters is an example of what from natural selection?

Zonation in aquatic zones includes all except the detritus zone.

Zonation can be defines as the distribution of a biome into different zones according to the distribution and variety of species present on that area. In aquatic area, the zones are classified as:  Littoral Zone, Limnetic Zone, Profundal Zone, Euphotic Zone, and Benthic Zone.

Detritus zone is the one where the detritivores are found. The detritovores are the organisms that feed on dead and decaying organic matter of plants and animals. Detritivores are present in the littoral zone. However since it is buried deep down on the earth. it is not directly the part of aquatic zones.

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Answer:

blood

Explanation:

blood-brain barrier

Many enzymes have numerous polypeptide subunits, each of which is encoded by a different gene. We know that genes specify the structure of enzymes and that each gene encodes  one enzyme from the findings of the Beadle and Tatum study.

The idea that there is a large class of structural genes, each of which encodes a single polypeptide that can either work on its own or as a component of a more complex protein. Initially, it was believed that each gene encoded the entirety of a single enzyme, but it has since been discovered that some proteins and enzymes actually come from multiple polypeptides, and thus from multiple genes.

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Somatic cells and zygote are diploid whereas germ cell, sperm cell, gamete, egg cell are all haploid.

A cell with a single set of chromosomes is called haploid. The number of chromosomes in sperm or egg cells, often known as gametes, is also referred to as haploid. In humans, gametes are haploid cells with 23 chromosomes—one of each chromosomal pair found in diplod cells—and are hence haploid.

Human somatic cells are diploid, meaning they have 46 chromosomes, 22 pairs of autosomes, and a pair of sex chromosomes. A diploid cell is one that has two copies of each chromosome.

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Answer:D

Explanation:

I just did the test and was correct

Environmental science's focus shifted from studying Earth's systems to studying the effects of human activities on the environment is correctly describes the history of Environmental science.

In order to study the environment and find solutions to environmental issues, environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that combines physics, biology, and geography (including ecology, chemistry, plant science, zoology, mineralogy, oceanography, limnology, soil science, geology and physical geography, and atmospheric science).

During the Age of Enlightenment, environmental science developed from the disciplines of natural history and medicine. Today, it offers an interdisciplinary, integrated, quantitative approach to the study of environmental systems.

More social sciences are incorporated into environmental studies in order to better understand human interactions, viewpoints, and environmental policy. Engineering for increasing environmental quality in all areas is the emphasis of environmental design.

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When a nitrogen base is changed it can affect the function of a gene by being transcribed into a non-synonym codon and therefore also being translated into a distinct protein.

Mutations also result from the addition of one or more bases, known as an insertion, or the removal of one or more bases, known as a deletion.

When one DNA molecule is copied to make two DNA molecules, each new DNA contains 100% of the parent DNA. DNA replication uses each strand of a DNA molecule as a template and create the new strand of DNA. These mutation can also alter in the nucleotide (DNA) sequence of the genome of an organism.

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Answer:

Cellular respiration is the process by which the energy in food is converted into energy that can be used by the body's cells.

Explanation:

The energy stored in glucose is transferred to ATP. The process can be summarized as: glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water.

Answer:

Cellular Respiration

Explanation:

Because it uses glucose from photosynthesis to make ATP which is energy.

Answer: The Chloroplast

Explanation:

The chloroplast has chlorophyll which gives it green it's green color.

The result of smooth endoplasmic reticulum being damaged in liver cells by excess alcohol consumption is the inability to detoxify harmful substances.

What is endoplasmic reticulum?

Endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubular membranes that are present in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.

Endoplasmic reticulum has two forms: one has a ribosomal surface (rough endoplasmic reticulum), and the other has a smooth surface (smooth endoplasmic reticulum).

These membranes join the outer layer of the nuclear membrane after forming continuous folds.

The endoplasmic reticulum is observed in every type of eukaryotic cell except red blood cells and sperm cells.

Therefore, the result of smooth endoplasmic reticulum being damaged in liver cells by excess alcohol consumption is the inability to detoxify harmful substances.

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A pair of narrow tubes that carry urine from each kidney to the back of the urinary bladder are called Two ureters.

One kidney is located on each side of the body's back, directly below the ribs. They eliminate waste from your blood through a filter, and the urine is then produced. Each kidney's urine is transported through a tiny tube called an ureter to the bladder, where it is stored.

What Do the Urethra and Ureter Do? A tiny tube, or duct, called the ureter joins the bladder and kidneys. Urine is moved from the kidneys to the bladder by the ureter.. The tubular passageway that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body is known as the urethra.

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The characteristics of wetlands and beaches that are influenced by geological and coastal processes as well as living beings are referred to as the aquatic life zone.

There are five key factors that contribute to coastal erosion. They are corrosion/solution, abrasion, hydraulic action, and corrasion. Corrasion is the throwing of beach debris, such as stones, at the base of a cliff by waves.

Coastal processes and landforms are primarily influenced by waves, tides, and wind. Rivers transport sediment to the coast, where it can be reshaped to create deltas, beaches, dunes, and barrier islands.

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The extra flaps of skin are an example of Convergent evolution.

What is Convergent evolution?

Convergent evolution is the independent  evolution of capabilities which might be comparable in species spanning over exclusive eras. Convergent evolution produces analogous systems having comparable features or forms.

However, they're now no longer visible withinside the last common ancestor of these units.

These structures do not reflect homology, even though they are analogous. There are similarities in the phenotypic level, where apparent characteristics are shared by lineages. The implicit DNA sequences, however, vary.

Convergent evolution occurs when species take similar ecological niches, where they accommodate in a kind of similar manner by responding to selective pressures that are similar.

Characteristics coming via Convergent evolution are called 'analogous structures'.

Therefore, the extra flaps of skin in both flying squirrels and sugar gliders are an example of Convergent evolution.

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The option (D) is correct. Refraction occurs most frequently over ocean trenches or valleys.

Refraction is the redirection of a wave as it passes from one medium to another. The redirection can be caused by the wave's change in speed or by a change in the medium.

Moreover, light waves change speed when they pass across the boundary between two substances with a different density , such as air and glass. This causes them to change direction.

Therefore, the bending of light (it also happens with sound, water and other waves) as it passes from one transparent substance into another. This bending by refraction makes it possible for us to have lenses, magnifying glasses, prisms and rainbows. Even our eyes depend upon this bending of light.

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The statement that BEST describes is It should include the amount of carbon lost to the atmosphere due to respiration by the trees.

By storing carbon in their annual new growth, trees lower the quantity of carbon in the atmosphere. A tree stores more carbon as it grows by keeping it in its accumulated tissue. The size and health of the trees affect how much carbon is annually stored. Urban trees that are open-grown and maintained typically have lower biomass than trees that grow naturally in wooded settings.

When a tree decays and dies, it releases a large amount of the carbon it has stored back into the atmosphere. Thus, the quantity of carbon that could be released if trees are allowed to wither and decay is sometimes referred to as carbon storage.

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answer : thomas jefferson

Answer:

Thomas Jefferson is considered the primary author of the Declaration of Independence.

John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston.

Explanation:

Have a nice day^^

The minimum occurrence after one copy of F plasmid single-stranded DNA is transferred in successful F conjugation is: stopping the rolling circle replication after one copy length, circularization, and replication.

Conjugation is the process of transfer of genetic material from one organism to another by establishing direct contact between them. The organism that transfers the genetic material is called donor while the organism that receives is called recipient.

Rolling circle replication is the process where unidirectional replication of DNA occurs and multiple copies are synthesized at once. This method of replication can be seen in the genome of viruses and bacterial plasmids.

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The leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis, is smoking. Your risk of rises as a result.

What happens if someone with COPD continues to smoke?

Even after acquiring COPD, smoking worsens the condition and may even cause flare-ups or exacerbations. Exacerbations are a sudden exacerbation of symptoms, which typically manifest as extremely uncomfortable breathing. These episodes have the potential to be fatal and can make the condition worse.

When do most smokers develop COPD?

What is the average age that COPD first manifests? The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute states that COPD most frequently affects smokers or those who have smoked in the past who are over 40.

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Rick and Ronda can have normally- pigmented children in the ratio 1 normal: 1 albino.

What is albinism?

The rare genetic disease known as albinism results in pale or colourless skin, hair, or eyes. An error in one of the several genes that make or distribute melanin, the pigment that gives skin, eyes, and hair their colour, is the root cause of albinism. Melanin production could be absent or drastically diminished as a result of the defect.

A dominant allele, which can come from just one parent, causes a dominant phenotype in those who possess one copy of the gene. A person needs two copies of a recessive allele, one from each parent, in order for it to result in a recessive phenotype. One dominant and one recessive allele for a gene will result in a person with the dominant phenotype.

Being an autosomal recessive condition, albinism only manifests in homozygous recessive genotypes. Since the recessive gene is concealed by the presence of a healthy dominant gene, the heterozygous genotype will be normal but act as a carrier. The query said that the father of the normal pigmented man was an albino (aa). The man has a normal phenotype but an Aa genotype, indicating that he acquired the afflicted gene from his father but that it is hidden by the presence of the dominant allele (A) (carrier).

Parent generation :  aa (albino man)  x  Aa (carrier woman)

F 1 generation = 1 normal child : 1 albino

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The number of chromosomes in a cell could go from haploid to diploid as a result of fertilization.

Fertilization, also known as generative fertilization, syngamy, and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes that results in the formation of a new individual organism or offspring and the beginning of its development. Fertilization is defined as the union of two haploid gametes, the spermatozoa and the oocyte, also known as the egg, to restore the diploid state, form a zygote through the process of egg activation, and initiate a series of mitotic divisions that result in cell differentiation and embryo development.

Fertilization is divided into four stages: 1) sperm preparation, 2) sperm-egg recognition and binding, 3) sperm-egg fusion, and 4) fusion of sperm and egg pronuclei and zygote activation.

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Type of genetic information that must be copied for the next generation of cells is DNA.

Genes carry biological information that has to be copied properly for transmission to the next generation, each time a cell divides to form two daughter cells.

Firstly, information which is stored in the DNA molecule must be copied, every time a cell divides. This helps in ensuring that both daughter cells inherit the complete set of genetic information from the parent cell. Secondly, information stored in the DNA molecule must be either translated or expressed.

Genetic information is passed from generation to generation through the inherited units of chemical information.

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In general, translation can occur in any organelle or region of a cell where ribosomes are present. However, most translation occurs in the cytoplasm, specifically in regions near the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus.

This is because these organelles are involved in the production and modification of proteins, respectively, and many newly-synthesized proteins are destined for these organelles. In addition, the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi are both rich in the nutrients and cofactors required for protein synthesis.

Translation is the process of converting the information in a nucleic acid sequence into a protein. It occurs in the nucleus, where the DNA is transcribed into RNA. The RNA is then exported to the cytoplasm, where it is translated into proteins.

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In incomplete dominance, heterozygous individuals express an intermediate phenotype between homozygous dominant and homozgous recessive phenotypes. Behind you will find four radishes crosses and the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the F1 generation.

Incomplete dominance is an inheritance pattern in which neither of the involved alleles completely dominates over the other one.

In heterozygous individuals, both alleles are expressed, and they possess an intermediate phenotype between the two homozygous individuals.

Heterozygous individuals express as a mixture of both homozygous progenitors.

Radishes color is an example of a feature coded by a gene that expresses incomplete dominance.

To answer the question, I will propose four different crosses because I do not have the genotypes of the radishes that are cross-pollinated. So I advise you to study the four cases and select the one that matches your example.

Cross 1: Red with white

Parentals) RR   x   WW

Gametes) R   R    W    W

F1) 100% RW, purple radishes

Cross 2: Red with Purple

Parentals) RR   x   RW

Gametes) R   R     R   W

F1) 50% RR red + 50% RW Purple

Cross 3: White with Purple

Parentals) WW x RW

Gametes) W   W   R   W

F1) 50% RW Purple + 50% WW White

Cross 4: Purple with Purple

Parentals) RW   x   RW

Gametes)  R    W    R   W

F1) 25% RR red + 50% RW Purple + 25% WW White

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Histones that are tightly wound by DNA and are the basic unit of chromatin are called nucleosomes.

In the field of biology, a nucleosome can be described as a structure in which the DNA is wrapped around proteins called histones.

The nucleosome contains eight histone proteins which are the major region for wrapping up the DNA and hence form the basic unit of the chromatin structure.

The nucleosome, consisting of the proteins and the DNA, forms the chromatin.

The occurrence of nucleosomes is possible because the positively cared histone proteins can bind to the negatively charged DNA.

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The type of microscope that would be most appropriate for this investigation is the Compound light microscope.

A three-dimensional image of the sample is examined with a scanning electron microscope. These microscopes use electromagnets instead of lenses. A beam of electrons is sent to visualize the image. Hair texture can be easily visualized in her three-dimensional form by SEM.

A typical optical microscope used in laboratories is called a compound microscope because it contains two types of lenses that are used to magnify an object. The lens closest to the eye is called the eyepiece lens, and the lens closest to the object is called the objective lens. Commonly used optical microscopes in the forensic field include compound microscopes polarizing microscopes and stereomicroscopes.

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When biological membranes are frozen and then fractured, they tend to break along the bilayer middle. The best explanation for this is that when membrane surfaces are frozen, hydrophilic connections between them might be lost.

Phosphate and lipid molecules are arranged in a two-layered arrangement that makes up the phospholipid bilayer. The hydrophobic lipid ends of this cell membrane point inward, whereas the hydrophilic phosphate ends point outward. Since the hydrophobic interactions are weakest in the middle, they will break here at freezing temperatures. A membrane's bilayer splits in half between its two phospholipid layers when it is freeze-fractured.

Integral proteins are the bumps seen on the membrane's cracked surface in an electron micrograph of a membrane that has been frozen. The phospholipid bilayer is broken in half using the freeze-fracture technique.

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Using the theories of lizard species, we got that Decreased fecundity is the life-history trait which is expected in Vivipara lizards in the mountains as compared to individuals from warmer, lowland regions.

Due to the fitness trade-offs, the mountain population must strike a balance between the survivorship and the fecundity. Therefore, the mountain population exhibits the higher survivorship but lower fecundity than lowland populations.

Hence, In the lizard species  Vivipara, most females from the colder, mountainous part of the range live much longer than do individuals from warmer, lowland regions as Compared to the lowlands, the life-history trait which  is expected in lizards living in the mountains is Decreased fecundity.

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A sensitive and dynamic method of controlling protein activity, stability, protein interaction, and subcellular localization is provided by phosphorylation. Multiple kinases frequently target global regulators, changing the expression of numerous genes.

Kinase mutations can deactivate apoptotic pathways, activate proliferative pathways that disrupt cell cycle checkpoints and lead to genomic instability, inhibit or eliminate DNA damage response, increase angiogenesis and cell motility, or all of the above.Kinase mutations can decrease or abolish the DNA damage response, increase angiogenesis and cell motility, activate proliferative pathways that break cell cycle checkpoints and cause genomic instability, or do all of the above.Hanks-type kinases and phosphatases are used by bacteria for signal transduction, just like eukaryotes, and protein phosphorylation is involved in a variety of cellular processes.

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The ability of glucose to affect the transcription of the lac operon is an advantage for the bacterial cell because glucose is the preferred sugar for the bacteria.

The lactose operon is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in E. coli and many other enteric bacteria.

In the lactose operon of Escherichia coli, the final targets of glucose are the lac repressor and the positive regulator, the complex of the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) and cAMP. First, glucose prevents the entry of the inducer into the cell, resulting in an increase in the concentration of the inducer-free lac repressor.

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Cholera is an infectious disease that occurs when it enters the body. This will have a series of symptoms after admission.

The V. cholerae will be found in contaminated water that is ingested by the individual, if the V. cholerae survives it will pass from the stomach to the intestine and there it will adhere through the pili (which are its adhesins) and then begin to produce cholera toxins. This will cause the host cells to begin to break down, leading to severe diarrhea.

After dealing the damage, the v. cholerae will leave the host via feces. This will cause profuse dehydration in the individual which can lead to death.

It can also generate painful muscle cramps due to the loss of potassium that occurs thanks to profuse diarrhea.

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