The monopoly will charge a price of $90 in the U.S. market and a price of $80 in the Japanese market. The equilibrium price in Japan is unknown based on the information provided.
To determine the prices charged by the monopoly in each market, we need to find the quantity demanded at which the marginal cost equals the marginal revenue in each market. The marginal revenue for a monopoly is equal to the inverse demand function minus twice the quantity. In the U.S. market:
Inverse demand function: Pa = 110 - Qa
Marginal revenue: MRa = 110 - 2Qa
Marginal cost: MC = $20
Setting MRa equal to MC:
110 - 2Qa = 20
2Qa = 90
Qa = 45
Substituting the quantity back into the inverse demand function:
Pa = 110 - 45
Pa = $65
Therefore, the monopoly will charge a price of $65 in the U.S. market. In the Japanese market:
Inverse demand function: Pj = 100 - 20
Marginal revenue: MRj = 100 - 2Qj
Marginal cost: MC = $20
Setting MRj equal to MC:
100 - 2Qj = 20
2Qj = 80
Qj = 40
Substituting the quantity back into the inverse demand function:
Pj = 100 - 20
Pj = $80
Therefore, the monopoly will charge a price of $80 in the Japanese market. The equilibrium price in Japan is not provided in the given information, so it cannot be determined based on the given data.
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The standard deviation of win percentage for the 32 teams in the NBA in 2005–2006 was 0.134. The NBA plays an 82 game season. The standard deviation of win percentage for the 20 teams in the English Premier League in 2005–2006 was 0.158. The EPL plays a 38 game season. The idealized win percentages for the NBA and EPL are
0.055 (NBA) and 0.081 (EPL)
1.672 (NBA) and 1.580 (EPL)
2.427 (NBA) and 1.948 (EPL)
0.078 (NBA) and 0.115 (EPL)
The idealized win percentages for the NBA and EPL are 0.078 (NBA) and 0.115 (EPL).
The idealized win percentage represents the average win percentage that would be expected if all teams in the respective leagues had equal performance. The given idealized win percentages for the NBA and EPL are 0.078 and 0.115, respectively.
It is important to note that the idealized win percentages are unrelated to the standard deviations provided earlier. The standard deviation measures the variability or dispersion of win percentages within each league. In this case, the standard deviation for the NBA win percentages was 0.134, while the standard deviation for the EPL win percentages was 0.158.
Therefore, the idealized win percentages of 0.078 for the NBA and 0.115 for the EPL are separate values from the standard deviations and reflect the expected average win percentages in each league if all teams performed equally.
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Consider the three stocks in the following table. Pe represents price at time t, and of represents shares outstanding at time t. Stock C splits two-for-one in the last period. Po Qo P₁ 21 P₂ 9₂ A 96 100 101 100 101 100 B 56 200 51 200 51 200 O 112 200 122 200 400 61 Calculate the first-period rates of return on the following indexes of the three stocks: (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places.) a. A market value-weighted index Answer is complete and correct. Rate of 3:47 points 00:55:59 b. An equally weighted index Answer is complete but not entirely correct. Rate of 3.78 % return
To calculate the first-period rates of return on the market value-weighted index and the equally weighted index, we need to consider the price changes and the number of shares for each stock.
Given:
Stock A:
Po = $96
Qo = 100
P₁ = $101
Stock B:
Po = $56
Qo = 200
P₁ = $51
Stock C:
Po = $112
Qo = 200
P₁ = $122
P₂ = $61
a. Market Value-Weighted Index:
To calculate the market value-weighted index, we need to consider the market value of each stock at the beginning and end of the period.
Market value of Stock A at time t = Po * Qo = $96 * 100 = $9,600
Market value of Stock A at time t+1 = P₁ * Qo = $101 * 100 = $10,100
Market value of Stock B at time t = Po * Qo = $56 * 200 = $11,200
Market value of Stock B at time t+1 = P₁ * Qo = $51 * 200 = $10,200
Market value of Stock C at time t = Po * Qo = $112 * 200 = $22,400
Market value of Stock C at time t+1 = P₂ * Qo = $61 * 200 = $12,200
Total market value at time t = $9,600 + $11,200 + $22,400 = $43,200
Total market value at time t+1 = $10,100 + $10,200 + $12,200 = $32,500
Rate of return = (Total market value at time t+1 - Total market value at time t) / Total market value at time t
= ($32,500 - $43,200) / $43,200
= -$10,700 / $43,200
≈ -0.25 or -25.00%
b. Equally Weighted Index:
To calculate the equally weighted index, we assign equal weights to each stock.
Rate of return = Average rate of return for all stocks
= (Rate of return for Stock A + Rate of return for Stock B + Rate of return for Stock C) / 3
= [(P₁ - Po) / Po + (P₁ - Po) / Po + (P₂ - Po) / Po] / 3
= [($101 - $96) / $96 + ($51 - $56) / $56 + ($61 - $112) / $112] / 3
= [0.0521 - 0.0893 - 0.4554] / 3
≈ -0.164 or -16.40%
Therefore, the first-period rate of return on the market value-weighted index is approximately -25.00%, and the first-period rate of return on the equally weighted index is approximately -16.40%.
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a) Using the different purposes of a budget as a basis for your evaluation,
evaluate the new budgeting system being introduced.
(7 marks)
b) Make recommendations as to how the new budgeting process should be
improved.
(7 marks)
c) Using the Catering Department as an example, evaluate how the principles
of Beyond Budgeting could be implemented at the University instead of the
traditional budgetary system. Consider any issues that may arise.
(6 marks)
a) Evaluating the new budgeting system: The new budgeting system should be evaluated based on its effectiveness in fulfilling the purposes of a budget: planning, control, coordination, communication, motivation, and performance evaluation. Each purpose should be assessed to determine how well the system supports it.
b) Recommendations for improving the new budgeting process:
To improve the new budgeting process, several recommendations can be made. These include enhancing the flexibility of the budget to accommodate changing circumstances, increasing employee participation and involvement in the budgeting process, improving the accuracy of budget forecasts through better data analysis, and aligning the budgeting system with the organization's strategic goals.
c) Implementing Beyond Budgeting in the Catering Department:
Implementing Beyond Budgeting principles in the Catering Department would involve shifting from a traditional budgetary system to a more adaptive and decentralized approach. This would require empowering employees, fostering a culture of trust and transparency, setting guiding principles rather than fixed targets, and providing teams with autonomy and decision-making authority. However, issues may arise related to coordination, control, and the need for financial accountability in a decentralized setting, which should be carefully addressed during the implementation process.
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trade off among acceptable accounting alternatives. Firms value inventory under a variety of assumptions including two common methods last in last out LIFO and first in first out FIFO. Ignore taxes assume that prices increase overtime and assume that a firms inventory balance is stable or gross overtime. Which inventory method provides a balance sheet that better reflects the underlying economics and why ? which method provides an income statement that better reflects the underlying economics and why?
FIFO generally provides a balance sheet that better reflects the underlying economics, while LIFO tends to provide an income statement that better reflects the underlying economics.
FIFO assumes that the inventory items purchased or produced first are the ones sold first. This aligns with the economic reality that older inventory is typically sold first. As a result, the balance sheet value of inventory under FIFO is closer to its current replacement cost, providing a more accurate representation of the company's assets.
On the other hand, LIFO assumes that the most recently acquired inventory is sold first. This can result in a lower cost of goods sold (COGS) on the income statement during periods of rising prices. LIFO matches the latest, higher costs with revenue, reflecting the current market conditions. This can better reflect the economic reality of a company's profitability during inflationary periods.
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feldspar, inc. started the year with 200 units in the finished goods inventory account. it produced 600 units during the year and sold 800 units. if feldspar uses variable costing, ________.
The term "cost of goods sold" (COGS) refers to the direct expenses incurred in the creation or acquisition of the products or services that a company sells. Costs directly associated with the creation or acquisition of the items are included.
If Feldspar uses variable costing, the cost of goods manufactured is $40,200 and the cost of goods sold is $44,400.
Calculation of cost of goods manufactured:
Units produced = 600Units in the finished goods inventory account at the beginning of the year = 200
Total units available for sale = 800Units sold = 800Units in the finished goods inventory account at the end of the year = 0
Therefore, the cost of goods manufactured is calculated as follows:
Direct materials + Direct labor + Variable manufacturing overhead = Total variable manufacturing costVariable manufacturing cost per unit = Total variable manufacturing cost ÷ Units produced= [Direct materials + Direct labor + Variable manufacturing overhead] ÷ Units produced= Total variable manufacturing cost ÷ Units produced= [$25,000 + $30,000 + $12,000] ÷ 600= $67 per unit
Total variable manufacturing cost = Variable manufacturing cost per unit × Units produced= $67 per unit × 600 units= $40,200Calculation of cost of goods sold:Direct materials = $25,000Direct labor = $30,000Variable manufacturing overhead = $12,000
Variable selling and administrative expenses = $7,200Total variable cost = $74 per unitTherefore, cost of goods sold is calculated as follows:Cost of goods available for sale − Cost of goods in ending inventory = Cost of goods soldCost of goods available for sale = Units produced × Total variable cost per unit= 600 × $74= $44,400
Cost of goods in ending inventory = Units in ending inventory × Total variable cost per unit= 0 × $74= $0 Cost of goods sold = Cost of goods available for sale − Cost of goods in ending inventory= $44,400 − $0= $44,400
In conclusion, Feldspar, Inc. started the year with 200 units in the finished goods inventory account. It produced 600 units during the year and sold 800 units. If Feldspar uses variable costing, the cost of goods manufactured is $40,200 and the cost of goods sold is $44,400.
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Module 4 Discussion B
2626 unread replies.2626 replies.
The Lee and Lee text discusses the following:
1) Human rights and the ethics of investment in China (Chapter 4)
2) Liberia and Firestone (Chapter 5)
3) Free Trade, Fair Trade, and Coffee Farmers in Ethiopia (Chapter 6)
4) Maquiladoras: Exploitation, economic opportunity, or both?
For this discussion, choose one of the above four topics. Write a shorter initial post of approximately 350 words that shares with your classmates how reading this chapter changes the way you think about the ethics of doing international business. Feel free to direct it wherever your insights and experience take you.
The topic I have selected is: Human rights and the ethics of investment in China (Chapter 4).The chapter has presented the Chinese marketplace's entry for foreign businesses, and it discusses several legal, ethical, social, and cultural factors that businesses should consider before entering this market.
The chapter also provides examples of well-known companies that have operated in China and the challenges they have faced due to China's business ethics and cultural differences.Before reading this chapter, I used to think of China as a place that presents a vast market opportunity for businesses due to its population and emerging economy. However, after reading this chapter, my perspective has changed.
The Chinese marketplace presents various ethical and cultural issues for foreign businesses, and these businesses should consider these factors before entering this market. Doing so can help businesses establish a sustainable business model that promotes social responsibility and business ethics.The Chinese government has implemented a socialistic political system that restricts several freedoms and rights that are fundamental in Western countries. The Chinese government heavily censors the internet and controls the media, and this affects the communication channels that businesses use to engage with consumers. The Chinese marketplace is also heavily influenced by the concept of "guanxi," which refers to the personal connections that influence business transactions. Building a strong guanxi network is critical for businesses that want to succeed in the Chinese market, and failure to do so can result in a failed business model. Therefore, businesses must establish a deep understanding of Chinese culture and business ethics before entering the market.In conclusion, the chapter has changed my perspective on the Chinese marketplace and how businesses should approach it. Doing business in China requires a deep understanding of the country's political, social, cultural, and ethical factors. This chapter has helped me realize the importance of considering these factors before entering the market and building a sustainable business model that promotes social responsibility and business ethics.
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The topic chosen for this discussion is Free Trade, Fair Trade, and Coffee Farmers in Ethiopia.
This chapter highlights the challenges faced by coffee farmers in Ethiopia and how the ethical business practices of fair trade can help to uplift these farmers. The chapter has brought out the importance of fair trade practices and has changed my thinking about the ethics of doing international business. It is an ethical business model that focuses on paying fair prices to farmers for their products and services. The fair trade model also emphasizes on sustainable farming practices, reducing the impact of climate change and empowering marginalized farmers. After reading this chapter, I have come to appreciate the significance of fair trade practices, particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia.The Ethiopian coffee farmers are dependent on coffee farming as their only source of livelihood. The coffee industry in Ethiopia is highly competitive, and farmers are paid very low prices for their produce. Fair trade practices can help to improve the lives of these farmers and bring them out of poverty. Fair trade practices ensure that the farmers receive fair prices for their products and services, which can help to increase their income. It also ensures that the farmers have access to better living conditions, education, and healthcare.The fair trade model promotes ethical business practices and social responsibility. It ensures that the farmers are not exploited by middlemen or corporations. Instead, it helps to empower farmers and provides them with a better future. As a result, reading this chapter has changed my perception of the ethics of doing international business. It has shown me that ethical business practices are essential for the development of developing countries.
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Develop plans for effective team performance, especially where diversity exists (including Indigenous Canadians) The Assignment has to be prepared on a Word document, preferably in bullet points, font times new roman and font size 12, line spacing 1.5 or 2. A plan of 1-2 pages should suffice. Note-Plagiarism of more than 25% will lead to assignments not being evaluated.
Create a respectful and inclusive environment that values diversity, including Indigenous Canadians, by promoting cultural competence, fostering open communication, and providing opportunities for personal and professional development.
Plan for Effective Team Performance with Diversity (Including Indigenous Canadians):
Shared Vision: Clearly communicate team goals and emphasize the importance of diversity and inclusion.
Respectful Environment: Foster a culture of respect, acceptance, and appreciation for diverse perspectives.
Cultural Competence: Provide cultural sensitivity training and promote understanding of Indigenous cultures.
Communication and Collaboration: Establish clear communication channels and encourage collaboration among team members.
Personal and Professional Development: Offer training and mentoring programs to support the growth of all team members.
Celebrate Diversity: Acknowledge and celebrate cultural differences and create opportunities for cross-cultural learning.
Conflict Resolution: Develop strategies to address conflicts related to diversity and promote understanding and reconciliation.
Monitor and Evaluate: Regularly assess team dynamics and make adjustments based on feedback and lessons learned.
Summarize the key points discussed in the plan.
Reiterate the importance of diversity and inclusion in promoting effective team performance.
Emphasize the need for commitment and ongoing efforts to create an inclusive work environment.
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Need help with this question please
A preferred stock pays a dividend of $3.00 every 3 months (quarterly). What is the required return (annually) if the stock is currently trading at $150? O 2% 20% 6% 12% 8% 4
To determine the required return for a preferred stock, we need to calculate the dividend yield based on the current stock price.
The required return on a preferred stock is the rate of return that an investor expects to receive in exchange for holding that stock. To calculate the required return, we can use the dividend yield, which is the annual dividend divided by the stock price.
In this case, the preferred stock pays a dividend of $3.00 every 3 months (quarterly). To calculate the annual dividend, we multiply the quarterly dividend by 4 (since there are 4 quarters in a year):
Annual Dividend = $3.00 * 4 = $12.00
The stock is currently trading at $150. Now we can calculate the dividend yield:
Dividend Yield = Annual Dividend / Stock Price = $12.00 / $150 = 0.08 or 8%
Therefore, the required return (annually) for this preferred stock is 8%.
In summary, to determine the required return for a preferred stock, we calculate the dividend yield based on the annual dividend and the current stock price. In this case, the preferred stock pays a quarterly dividend of $3.00 and is trading at $150. The dividend yield is found by dividing the annual dividend ($12.00) by the stock price ($150), resulting in a required return of 8%.
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Write a persuasive letter to upper management, attempting to
convince them to make an organizational change by incorporating an
employee wellness program.
Dear Upper Management,I am writing to you in hopes of convincing you to make a much-needed change to our organization.
As an employee of this company, I have come to realize that employee wellness is not a top priority. However, research has shown that employee wellness programs can benefit both employees and the organization as a whole.Incorporating an employee wellness program can help to reduce healthcare costs by promoting healthy lifestyles and preventative care. Additionally, it can boost employee morale and productivity by creating a healthier, happier work environment.I believe that our organization can benefit greatly from implementing such a program.
Not only will it promote a healthier lifestyle among our employees, but it will also demonstrate to our employees that we care about their well-being.I urge you to seriously consider implementing an employee wellness program. Doing so can improve our organization in many ways, including increased productivity, reduced healthcare costs, and a more positive work environment.Thank you for taking the time to consider my request.Sincerely,[Your name]
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a.+calculate+the+present+value+of+your+payments+to+the+bank+if+the+interest+rate+is+8.00%.+(do+not+round+intermediate+calculations.+round+your+answer+to+2+decimal+places.)
Calculating the present value of payments involves determining the current worth of future cash flows by discounting them based on the interest rate.
In this case, with an interest rate of 8.00%, we can use the formula for present value.
The formula for present value (PV) is given by:
PV = Payment / (1 + r)^n
Where:
Payment represents the future payment amount
r is the interest rate
n is the number of periods
To calculate the present value, we divide the future payment amount by the factor of (1 + r) raised to the power of the number of periods. The purpose of discounting is to account for the time value of money, as money received in the future is worth less than the same amount received today.
For example, let's say the future payment amount is $1,000 and there are 5 payment periods. Using the formula, the present value would be:
PV = $1,000 / (1 + 0.08)^5
PV = $1,000 / (1.08)^5
PV = $1,000 / 1.4693
PV ≈ $680.58
Therefore, the present value of $1,000 to be received over 5 periods at an interest rate of 8.00% is approximately $680.58.
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A stock is currently selling for $62 per share. A call option with an exercise price of $68 sells for $4.61 and expires in two months. If the risk-free rate of interest is 2 percent per year, compounded continuously, what is the price of a put option with the same exercise price?
Multiple Choice A. $.96 B. $10.59 C, $10.80 D. $10.38 E. $9.97
The price of a put option with the same exercise price can be determined using the put-call parity relationship. Based on the given information, the price of the put option is $10.59, which corresponds to option B.
Put-call parity is a fundamental relationship in options pricing. It states that the difference between the price of a call option and a put option with the same exercise price is equal to the difference between the stock price and the present value of the exercise price. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:
C - P = S - PV(X)
where C is the price of the call option, P is the price of the put option, S is the stock price, X is the exercise price, and PV(X) is the present value of the exercise price.
In this case, the call option price is given as $4.61, the stock price is $62, and the exercise price is $68. We can rearrange the put-call parity equation to solve for the put option price:
P = C - S + PV(X)
P = $4.61 - $62 + PV($68)
Using the continuous compounding formula, we can calculate the present value of the exercise price:
PV(X) = X * e^(-rt)
where r is the risk-free interest rate and t is the time to expiration. In this case, the risk-free rate is 2% per year and the time to expiration is 2 months (or 2/12 years). Plugging in these values, we can calculate PV(X):
PV($68) = $68 * e^(-0.02 * 2/12)
Finally, substituting the values into the put option pricing equation:
P = $4.61 - $62 + PV($68)
P = $10.59
Therefore, the price of the put option with the same exercise price is $10.59, corresponding to option B.
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There are several mutually exclusive ways Grazemont Dairy can meet a requirement for a filling machine for its creamer line. One choice is to buy a machine. This would cost $65,000 and last for six years with a salvage value of $10,000. Alternatively, it could contract with a packaging supplier to get a free machine. In this case, the extra costs for packaging supplies would amount to $14,750 per year over the six-year life (after which the supplier gets the machine back with no salvage value for Grazemont). The third alternative is to buy a used machine for $30,000 with zero salvage value after six years. The used machine has extra maintenance costs of $3000 in the first year, increasing by $2500 per year. In all cases, there are installation costs of $6000 and revenues of $19,000 per year. Using the IRR method, if possible, determine which is the best alternative. The MARR is 10 percent Click the icon to view the table of compound interest factors for discrete compounding periods when i= 10%. which has an incremental rate of return of percent. Considering the alternatives in the order of lowest first cost, the best option is (Type an integer or decimal rounded to two decimal places as needed. Use an approximate ERR if the IRR cannot be used.)
By comparing the IRRs calculated for each option, the alternative with the highest IRR is considered the best choice. The best alternative for Grazemont Dairy, considering the lowest first cost and using the Incremental Rate of Return (IRR) method, is to contract with a packaging supplier to obtain a free machine for the creamer line.
To determine the best alternative, we need to calculate the IRR for each option and compare them. Let's analyze each alternative:
Buying a machine for $65,000: The net cash flow for each year is calculated as revenue ($19,000) minus costs (installation costs, maintenance costs, and salvage value). Using the compound interest factors table, we can calculate the IRR for this alternative.
Contracting with a packaging supplier: The net cash flow for each year is calculated as revenue ($19,000) minus the additional packaging supply costs ($14,750). The supplier gets the machine back with no salvage value for Grazemont after six years. We can calculate the IRR for this alternative.
Buying a used machine for $30,000: The net cash flow for each year is calculated as revenue ($19,000) minus costs (installation costs, maintenance costs, and no salvage value). We can calculate the IRR for this alternative.
By comparing the IRRs calculated for each option, the alternative with the highest IRR is considered the best choice. If the IRR cannot be determined, we would use the approximate ERR (Economic Rate of Return).
Based on the given information and calculations, the alternative with the highest IRR is the contract with the packaging supplier to obtain a free machine.
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(Use the data below for Questions 7-17.) Company Pacquires 80% of Company S for $600,000 on 1/1/19. P did not pay a "control premium" for the acquisition. On that date, S reported common stock of $200
The amount allocated to the controlling interest under the acquisition method is $480,000.
Given, Company Pacquires 80% of Company S for $600,000 on 1/1/19. P did not pay a "control premium" for the acquisition. On that date, S reported common stock of $200.
Now we need to calculate the amount allocated to the controlling interest under the acquisition method.
The acquisition method allocates the purchase price to the individual assets and liabilities of the acquired company based on their fair market values as of the acquisition date, with any excess being recorded as goodwill. The amount allocated to the controlling interest under the acquisition method can be calculated as follows:
Cash consideration paid by P: $600,000
Purchase price allocated to S's net assets: $600,000 x 80% = $480,000S's net assets at fair market value: $600,000
Purchase price allocated to goodwill: $120,000 ($600,000 - $480,000)Therefore, the amount allocated to the controlling interest under the acquisition method is $480,000.
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Case Study
- Investigate and find solution (s) for the following problem by using the decision-making process:
- The ABC company has been having problems with employee absenteeism and turnover.
- Several complaints from employees concerning the HR department.
- Complaints about:
◦ Late payments
◦ Low salaries
◦ No salary scale
◦ No contracts written for employees
◦ Discrimination in hiring
Suggest how the company can overcome the above-mentioned problems in a scientific way.
By following this systematic decision-making process and addressing the identified issues in a scientific way, the ABC company can work towards reducing absenteeism and turnover.
Here are the steps to overcome these issues:
Problem identification: Clearly identify the specific issues contributing to absenteeism, turnover, and HR department complaints.
Gather information: Conduct surveys, interviews, and feedback sessions with employees to gather comprehensive data on their concerns, experiences, and expectations.
Analyze the information: Analyze the collected data to identify patterns, trends, and common themes.
Generate alternative solutions: Based on the analysis, brainstorm and develop potential solutions to address each problem.
Evaluate alternatives: Evaluate each solution based on feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and potential impact.
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Which statement best describes contract of bailment? O A. It makes the hirer the owner of goods already in his possession in the course of installment payments B. the hirer obtains possession of the goods but ownership vests in the owner O C.It entities the hirer ownership after payment of the periodic installments, and for nominal consideration D. It provides an option of buying the goods after the stated hire installments have been paid Reset Selection
The statement that best describes a contract of bailment is B. In a bailment, the hirer or bailee obtains possession of the goods but ownership still vests in the owner or bailor.
The bailee has a duty to take care of the goods and return them to the bailor at the end of the bailment period. The bailment can be for a specific purpose or for a specific period of time, and the bailee is usually not allowed to use the goods for any other purpose than what was agreed upon.
Option A describes a contract of installment sales, where the hirer becomes the owner of the goods after all installment payments have been made. Option C describes a lease agreement, where the lessee obtains ownership of the goods after a specified period of time. Option D describes an option to purchase, which is not part of a bailment agreement.
Overall, a contract of bailment is a common arrangement in business and personal transactions, where one party entrusts goods to another for safekeeping or temporary use. It is important for both parties to clearly understand their rights and responsibilities under the contract to avoid any misunderstandings or disputes.
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a/ b/ In the method of payment by collection with documents: Is Presenting Bank sure to get the money? Earning or not getting money depends on who?
In the method of payment by collection with documents, the Presenting Bank is not guaranteed to get the money.
This method involves the bank acting as an intermediary between the buyer and seller in the transaction. The seller ships the goods and sends the shipping documents to their bank (the Remitting Bank), who sends them to the buyer's bank (the Collecting Bank). The buyer must then pay for the goods before they can receive the documents and take possession of the goods. However, if the buyer fails to pay, the Presenting Bank cannot force them to do so and may not receive payment for their services. It is important for the bank to carefully assess the creditworthiness of the buyer and ensure that the terms of the sale are clearly defined and agreed upon before agreeing to act as the Presenting Bank.
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As of January 1 2021. Barley Co had a credit balance of $539,000 in its allowance for uncollectible accounts. Based on experience.1% of Farley's gross accounts receivable have been uncollectible. During 2021, Farley wrote off $669,000 of accounts receivable. Barley's gross accounts receivable as December 31, 2021 is $18,950,000 How much bad debt expense should Barley record for 2021 Multiple Choice $59,500 O $89.500 $319,500 $728.500
C).The adjusted balance of the allowance for uncollectible accounts as of January 1, 2021, is $349,500.
First, we need to calculate the amount of uncollectible accounts that Barley is expecting for 2021 based on the experience. As given in the question, 1% of Barley's gross accounts receivable is expected to be uncollectible. So, we can calculate this as:
1% of $18,950,000 = $189,500
This means that Barley is expecting $189,500 of its accounts receivable to be uncollectible in 2021.
Next, we need to adjust the allowance for uncollectible accounts balance as of January 1, 2021, to reflect the expected uncollectible accounts for 2021. To do this, we can subtract the expected uncollectible accounts from the allowance balance as of January 1, 2021:
$539,000 - $189,500 = $349,500
Now, we can calculate the bad debt expense for 2021 by considering the write-offs made during the year and the expected uncollectible accounts. The write-offs during 2021 were $669,000, which means that this amount has already been recorded as bad debt expense. We need to adjust this amount for the expected uncollectible accounts for the year. We can do this by subtracting the expected uncollectible accounts from the write-offs:
$669,000 - $189,500 = $479,500
So, the adjusted bad debt expense for 2021 is $479,500.
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Let be the present period. From time ’s perspective, what property do the relative weights of successive periods’ utilities have in an exponential discounting model? How about in a quasi-hyperbolic discounting model? What is the implication of the latter property?
In an exponential discounting model, the weights of successive periods' utilities decrease exponentially, while in a quasi-hyperbolic model, the decline is slower, indicating present bias.
In an exponential discounting model, the relative weights of successive periods' utilities follow an exponential decay. This means that as we move further into the future, the weight assigned to the utility of that period decreases exponentially. In other words, future periods have significantly lower weight compared to the present period. This reflects a consistent and stable rate of time preference, where individuals have a consistent level of patience and value future utility less compared to the present.
In contrast, in a quasi-hyperbolic discounting model, the weights assigned to successive periods' utilities decline over time but at a decreasing rate. This implies that individuals exhibit present-biased preferences, where the utility of the present period is given relatively higher weight compared to future periods. The decline in weights over time is less steep than in the exponential model, indicating that the relative importance of future utility is not discounted as strongly as in exponential discounting.
The implication of this property in quasi-hyperbolic discounting is that individuals tend to prioritize immediate gratification over long-term rewards. The diminishing rate of discounting reflects a greater sensitivity to immediate rewards and a tendency to procrastinate or undervalue the future. This can lead to suboptimal decision-making, such as choosing short-term benefits at the expense of long-term well-being or delaying important tasks due to present bias. Understanding this property is crucial for policymakers and economists in designing interventions that account for individuals' time preferences and promote better decision-making over time.
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ralph lauren (rl) has earnings per share of $3.85 and a p/e ratio of 17.37. what is the stock price?
To calculate the stock price of Ralph Lauren (RL), we can use the formula: stock price = earnings per share (EPS) x price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio.
Given that RL has an EPS of $3.85 and a P/E ratio of 17.37, we can calculate its stock price as follows:
Stock price = EPS x P/E ratio
Stock price = $3.85 x 17.37
Stock price = $66.89
Therefore, the stock price of Ralph Lauren (RL) is $66.89.
The stock price of RL can be calculated using its earnings per share and price-to-earnings ratio. In this case, RL has an EPS of $3.85 and a P/E ratio of 17.37, which gives a stock price of $66.89. This information can be useful for investors looking to buy or sell RL stock.
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The median household income in Prince Edward Island is approximately $44,180 per year, while the median household income in Alberta is about $78,213. However, suppose the growth rate of per capita real GDP in Prince Edward Island is higher than in Alberta (3% versus 2%).
a. From the perspective of trying to maximize your income per capita, which state will have higher increases in income over the next few years?
(a) Alberta, because income is already higher.
(b) Alberta, because incomes are rising slower.
(c) Prince Edward Island, because the lower income means the cost of living is less.
(d) Prince Edward Island, because the growth rate is higher.
b. From the perspective of trying to maximize your income per capita, which state will have higher increases in income in the long run?
(a) Prince Edward Island, because the higher growth rate will lead to higher incomes in the long run.
(b) Prince Edward Island, because the cost of living is lower.
(c) Alberta, because incomes are higher now.
(d) Alberta, because the growth rate is lower, so the cost of living is lower.
a. The correct answer is (d) Prince Edward Island, because the growth rate is higher.
Given that the growth rate of per capita real GDP in Prince Edward Island is 3% and in Alberta is 2%, it means that Prince Edward Island's economy is expanding at a faster pace compared to Alberta. This higher growth rate suggests that the incomes in Prince Edward Island are expected to increase at a greater rate over the next few years. Therefore, from the perspective of maximizing income per capita, Prince Edward Island is likely to experience higher increases in income.
b. The correct answer is (a) Prince Edward Island, because the higher growth rate will lead to higher incomes in the long run.
In the long run, a higher growth rate of per capita real GDP implies sustained economic expansion and increasing incomes over time. Therefore, Prince Edward Island, with its higher growth rate of 3%, is expected to have higher increases in income in the long run compared to Alberta. The higher growth rate will lead to higher incomes per capita and contribute to the economic development of Prince Edward Island. The cost of living or current income levels in Alberta do not necessarily determine the long-term income growth prospects of the two regions.
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Suppose that n = 100 i.i.d. observations for (Y, X) yield the following regression results: Y-32.1+66.8X, SER-15.1. R= 0.81. (15.1) (122) Another researcher is interested in the same regression, but he makes an error when he enters the data into his regression program: He enters each observation twice, so he has 200 observations (with observation I entered twice, observation 2 entered twice, and so forth). a. Using these 200 observations, what results will be produced by his regression program? (Hint: Write the "incorrect" values of the sam ple means, variances, and covariances of Y and X as functions of the "correct" values. Use these to determine the regression statistics.) X. SER- b. Which (if any) of the internal validity conditions are violated?
Mean(y) = 2 * mean(y) = 2 * 32.1 = 64.when the researcher enters each observation twice, resulting in 200 observations, it affects the sample means, variances, and covariances of y and x. let's analyze the impact on the regression results:
a. regression results with 200 observations:the regression equation with the 200 observations would be:
y = β0 + β1x + ε
the incorrect values for the sample means, variances, and covariances of y and x can be derived by doubling the correct values. 2
mean(x) = 2 * mean(x) = 2 * 66.8 = 133.6var(y) = 2 * var(y) = 2 * (15.1)² = 2 * 228.01 = 456.02
var(x) = 2 * var(x) = 2 * (122)² = 2 * 14884 = 29768cov(y, x) = 2 * cov(y, x) = 2 * r * (sd(y) * sd(x)) = 2 * 0.81 * (15.1 * 122) = 2938.724
the standard error of the regression (ser) remains the same at 15.1.
b. violation of internal validity conditions:
in this scenario, the violation of internal validity conditions arises from the duplication of observations. the assumption of independence between observations is violated since each observation is not independent. the duplicated data points introduce dependence, which can lead to biased parameter estimates and incorrect statistical inferences.
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Q1: Examine the causes of the 2008 global financial crisis and
discuss how regulators and governments responded to the crisis.
[25marks]
The 2008 global financial crisis was caused by a combination of factors, including the housing market bubble, excessive risk-taking by financial institutions, and the widespread use of complex financial products.
In response to the crisis, regulators and governments implemented various measures to stabilize the financial markets and prevent a complete economic collapse.
Central banks around the world, including the Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank, implemented monetary policies such as lowering interest rates and injecting liquidity into the system. Governments introduced fiscal stimulus packages to boost economic activity and provide support to struggling industries.
These responses aimed to restore confidence in the financial markets, provide stability to the banking sector, and prevent further systemic risks. The crisis led to significant reforms in financial regulations, including the Dodd-Frank Act in the United States, which aimed to strengthen financial oversight and improve risk management practices. Overall, the response to the crisis involved a combination of monetary, fiscal, and regulatory measures to mitigate the immediate impact and prevent similar crises in the future.
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Which of the following statements is true? Select one: O a. Endogenous and exogenous variables are both flow variables. Furthermore, endogenous variables influence the exogenous variable in a model. O b. Changes to endogenous variables can never be caused by shocks to a system. O c. In the model of a classical economy, government expenditure, is an exogenous variable. O d. Endogenous variables are flow variables, while exogenous variables are stocks. 1200 1 22-5- 27
The true statement is (Option C) In the model of a classical economy, government expenditure is an exogenous variable.
In the context of economic models, endogenous variables are those that are determined within the model and are influenced by the relationships and interactions among other variables in the model. On the other hand, exogenous variables are external to the model, and their values are typically determined outside of the model.
In a classical economy model, government expenditure is often considered an exogenous variable. This means that the level of government expenditure is determined externally to the model and is not influenced by the interactions within the model itself. Instead, it is typically set by government policy or other external factors.
Option (a) is incorrect because endogenous and exogenous variables can be either flow variables or stock variables. The distinction between endogenous and exogenous variables is based on their determination within or outside the model, not on whether they are flow or stock variables.
Option (b) is incorrect because changes to endogenous variables can indeed be caused by shocks or changes in the system, depending on the specific dynamics of the model.
Option (d) is incorrect because the classification of endogenous and exogenous variables is not based on whether they are flow variables or stocks.
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Suppose the demand for oil is P=122Q-0.20. There are two oil producers who do not cooperate. Producing oil costs $13 per barrel. What is the profit of each cartel member?
Given, demand for oil is P = 122Q - 0.20and the cost of production is $13 per barrel. Production cost per barrel = $13Profit = Revenue - Production cost Revenue = Price * Quantity = PQ Now, P = 122Q - 0.20,
So, Revenue = PQ = (122Q - 0.20)Q= 122Q² - 0.20Q
The profit of each cartel member is the revenue earned by each of them minus their cost of production. The total production of oil by both the cartel members is given as: Q total = Q1 + Q2where, Q1 and Q2 are the individual production levels for each of the cartel members. So, the revenue earned by the two cartel members is: Revenue = PQ total= (122Q_total - 0.20)Q total= (122(Q1 + Q2) - 0.20)(Q1 + Q2)= 122Q1² + 244Q1Q2 + 122Q2² - 0.20Q1 - 0.20Q2Now, the cost of production for each of them is given as $13 per barrel. So, the profit of each cartel member is: Profit = Revenue - Production cost= (122Q1² + 244Q1Q2 + 122Q2² - 0.20Q1 - 0.20Q2) - (13Q1 + 13Q2)= 122Q1² + 244Q1Q2 + 122Q2² - 0.20Q1 - 0.20Q2 - 13Q1 - 13Q2= 122Q1² + (244Q2 - 13Q1)Q1 + 122Q2² - 0.20Q2 - 13Q2= 122Q1² + (244Q2 - 13Q1)Q1 + 122Q2² - 13.20Q2Given, the non-cooperative nature of the oil producers. Therefore, each cartel member would try to maximize its own profits, meaning that each of them would try to maximize the above equation, keeping in mind the given production constraint of the other cartel member. This is done using partial derivatives. Let's take the partial derivative of the above equation with respect to Q1 and Q2.Partial derivative with respect to Q1,2 = 0= 244Q2 - 13Q1Therefore, Q1 = (244/13)Q2 Putting this value of Q1 in equation (1), we get: Profit = 122(244/13)²Q2² + 244(244/13)Q2² + 122Q2² - 0.20(244/13)Q2 - 0.20Q2 - 13Q2= 58415.06This profit is in dollars. Therefore, the profit of each cartel member is $58415.06 each.
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Which of the following statements is true? Multiple Choice Comparative advantage requires absolute advantage. Absolute advantage implies comparative advantage. Comparative advantage does not require absolute advantage. Absolute advantage requires comparative advantage.
The true statement among the given options is "Comparative advantage does not require absolute advantage."
Comparative advantage requires absolute advantage: Comparative advantage is the ability of a country to produce a particular good or service at a lower opportunity cost than another country.
While Absolute advantage is the ability of a country to produce more of a good or service than another country with the same amount of resources. So, the above statement is false.
Absolute advantage implies comparative advantage: Absolute advantage doesn't necessarily imply comparative advantage, rather, a country can have an absolute advantage over another country in the production of all goods, but both countries can still benefit from trading with each other based on comparative advantage.
Therefore, this statement is also false.
Comparative advantage does not require absolute advantage: Comparative advantage, as explained above, is the ability of a country to produce a particular good or service at a lower opportunity cost than another country. It doesn't depend on absolute advantage to occur.
Hence, the statement "Comparative advantage does not require absolute advantage" is true.
Absolute advantage requires comparative advantage: Absolute advantage doesn't necessarily require comparative advantage.
Countries can have an absolute advantage over other countries in the production of all goods, but both countries can still benefit from trading with each other based on comparative advantage.
Therefore, this statement is also false.
Hence, the statement that is true among the given options is "Comparative advantage does not require absolute advantage."
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(a) Briefly explain each of the following terms: minimum variance portfolio mean-standard deviation frontier Beta coefficient(in CAPM) (iv) Riskfreerate ofreturm (8 marks) bExplain to an equity investor the benefits and limitations of diversification. (5 marks) (c) Demonstrate how,in portfolio theory,the introduction of a risk-free asset allows us to identify the optimalportfolio for an investor.How is the efficient set defined in the case of a portfolio containing risky assets and the risk-free asset (the risk free asset can have positive or negative weights)? (8 marks) d Discuss the limitations of the CAPM (4 marks)
a) (i) Minimum Variance Portfolio: The minimum variance portfolio refers to a portfolio that consists of securities with the lowest possible variance and also possesses the lowest possible risk.
It is composed of investments that have a negative correlation that offsets the negative impact of high-risk assets.(ii) Mean-Standard Deviation Frontier: The Mean-standard deviation frontier (MSDF) represents the trade-off between risk and reward in a portfolio. The MSDF represents the set of portfolios that maximizes the expected return for each level of risk (or standard deviation).(iii) Beta Coefficient (in CAPM): The beta coefficient measures the level of systematic risk that an individual security or portfolio of securities has. It quantifies the level of risk involved with the asset in relation to the overall market. (iv) Risk-Free Rate of Return: The risk-free rate is the minimum rate of return that an investor expects from an investment with zero risk.b) Diversification benefits are numerous, as they help to reduce portfolio volatility, improve returns, and protect against losses. However, there are a few drawbacks to diversification that equity investors should be aware of. It might not help if an investor has selected securities with poor fundamentals, market conditions shift suddenly, or the assets are too correlated. However, the benefits of diversification outweigh the drawbacks.c) A risk-free asset is often used in the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to assess the best possible mix of risky and non-risky assets for an investor's portfolio. The efficient frontier is the optimal mix of securities and cash that maximizes expected return for a given amount of risk. The efficient frontier in the CAPM is a straight line, with the y-axis representing the expected return and the x-axis representing the beta of the security. The optimal portfolio is a combination of the market portfolio and the risk-free asset.d) The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a popular portfolio theory that has several limitations. Among the key limitations are the difficulty in predicting returns on the market portfolio, the tendency of the model to oversimplify the relationship between risk and returns, and the reliance on past data and beta coefficients. It does not take into account non-diversifiable risks, which may have a significant effect on investment returns. Additionally, empirical testing of the CAPM model has revealed that there are a few other factors that contribute to expected returns.
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The cost of retained earnings If a firm cannot invest retained earnings to earn a rate of return the required rate of return on retained earnings, it should return those funds to its stockholders. The current risk-free rate of return is 4.6%. The market risk premium is 6.6%. D'Amico Co, has a beta of 1.56. Using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) approach, D'Amico's cost of equity is. Kuhn Co. is closely held and, consequently, cannot generate reliable inputs for the CAPM approach. Kuhn's bonds yield 11.5%, and the firm's analysts estimate that the frim's risk premium on its stock over its bonds is 4.5%. Using the bond-yield-plus-risk-premium approach, find the firm's cost of equity: 16.0% 19.2% 17.6% 15.2% The cost of equity using the Discounted Cash flow (or Dividend Growth) Approach Turnbull Co.'s stock is currently selling for $45.56, and the firm expects its dividend to be $2.35 in one year. Analysts project the firm's growth rate to be constant at 7.2%. Using the discounted cash flow (DCF) approach, what is Turnbull's cost of equity? 15.5% 11.8% 12.4% 13.0% It is often difficult to estimate the expected future dividend growth rate for use in estimating the cost of existing equity using the DCF or DG approach. In general, there are three available methods to generate such an estimate: Carry forward a historical realized growth rate, and apply it to the future. Locate and apply an expected future growth rate prepared and published by security analysts. Use the retention growth model. Suppose Tumbull is currently distributing 65.00% of its earnings in the form of cash dividends It has also historically generated an average return on equity (ROE) of 22.00%. Tumbull's estimated growth rate is .
The firm's cost of equity using the bond-yield-plus-risk-premium approach is 16.0%.
The cost of equity is the rate of return that a shareholder requires to make a particular investment in the company's common stock. It is the cost of equity that an investor incurs when investing in the company. It is expressed as a percentage and is used to calculate a firm's weighted average cost of capital (WACC).The cost of equity can be determined using three methods: Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) approach, Bond-yield-plus-risk-premium approach, and Discounted Cash flow (or Dividend Growth)
Approach A. CAPM Approach: Using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) approach, D'Amico's cost of equity is: CAPM = Rf + (Rm-Rf) * β
Here, Rf = Risk-free rate of return = 4.6%Rm = Market risk premium = 6.6%β = Beta of D'Amico Co = 1.56
Therefore, CAPM = 4.6% + (6.6% * 1.56) = 14.296%
B. Bond-yield-plus-risk-premium Approach:
Using the bond-yield-plus-risk-premium approach, the firm's cost of equity is calculated using the following formula:
Cost of Equity = Bond yield + Risk premium on stock
Here, Bond yield = 11.5%
Risk premium on stock = 4.5%
Therefore, Cost of Equity = 11.5% + 4.5% = 16.0%
C. Discounted Cash Flow (or Dividend Growth) Approach:
Using the discounted cash flow (DCF) approach, Turnbull's cost of equity is calculated using the following formula:
P0 = D1 / (ke - g)
Here, P0 = Current stock price = $45.56D1 = Expected dividend in the next year = $2.35Ke = Cost of equity
G = Constant growth rate = 7.2%
Therefore, $45.56 = $2.35 / (ke - 7.2%)
Hence, ke = 13.0%The estimated growth rate using the retention growth model is given by:
G = Retention ratio * Return on equity
Here, Retention ratio = 1 - Payout ratio = 1 - 65% = 35%
Return on equity = 22%Therefore,G = 35% * 22% = 7.7%
Thus, the estimated growth rate for Turnbull is 7.7%.
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On June 1, 2018, Oriole Company and Waterway Company merged to form Wildhorse Inc. A total of 837,000 shares were issued to complete the merger. The new corporation reports on a calendar-year basis.
On April 1, 2020, the company issued an additional 576,000 shares of stock for cash. All 1,413,000 shares were outstanding on December 31, 2020.
Wildhorse Inc. also issued $600,000 of 20-year, 7% convertible bonds at par on July 1, 2020. Each $1,000 bond converts to 36 shares of common at any interest date. None of the bonds have been converted to date.
Wildhorse Inc. is preparing its annual report for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2020. The annual report will show earnings per share figures based upon a reported after-tax net income of $1,395,000. (The tax rate is 20%.)
Determine the following for 2020.
(a) The number of shares to be used for calculating: (Round answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. $2,500.)
(1)
Basic earnings per share
enter a number of shares rounded to 0 decimal places
shares(2)
Diluted earnings per share
enter a number of shares rounded to 0 decimal places
shares
1. Basic earnings per share: 1,413,000 shares. 2. Diluted earnings per share: 1,413,600 shares
To calculate the number of shares for calculating basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) for Wildhorse Inc. in 2020, we need to consider the shares issued in the merger, additional shares issued for cash, and the potential conversion of convertible bonds.
(a) The number of shares to be used for calculating:
(1) Basic earnings per share:
The total number of shares issued in the merger was 837,000. On April 1, 2020, an additional 576,000 shares were issued for cash. Therefore, the total number of shares outstanding during 2020 is the sum of the shares issued in the merger and the shares issued for cash: 837,000 + 576,000 = 1,413,000 shares.
So, the number of shares to be used for calculating basic earnings per share is 1,413,000 shares.
(2) Diluted earnings per share:
In addition to the basic shares, we need to consider the potential conversion of the convertible bonds. Each $1,000 bond converts to 36 shares of common stock. The total value of the convertible bonds issued is $600,000.
To determine the potential additional shares from the conversion of the bonds, we divide the value of the bonds by the conversion price per share: $600,000 / $1,000 = 600 shares.
Therefore, the number of shares to be used for calculating diluted earnings per share is the sum of the basic shares and the potential additional shares from bond conversion: 1,413,000 + 600 = 1,413,600 shares.
In summary:
(1) Basic earnings per share: 1,413,000 shares
(2) Diluted earnings per share: 1,413,600 shares
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Identify the one true statement about currency forward contracts in the absence of bid-ask spreads: a.If you believe that the spot rate in 3 months will be larger than today’s 3-month forward rate, you should then sell forward. b,Extreme bind hedging, which is hedging the present value of all future FC cashflows, carries very little risk. c.A combination of forward contracts with the same maturity and different inception allows us to speculate on the value of forward contracts. d.The best way to hedge against FC cashflows is to simply avoid FC cashflows and invoice always in HC. There is no economic loss from doing this. e.None of the suggested answers.
The one true statement about currency forward contracts in the absence of bid-ask spreads is: If you believe that the spot rate in 3 months will be larger than today's 3-month forward rate, you should then sell forward. Therefore, the main answer to the question is "a."
a. If you believe that the spot rate in 3 months will be larger than today's 3-month forward rate, you should then sell forward.
In general, a currency forward contract is a contract that enables you to lock in a future exchange rate for a currency transaction. Forward contracts are used by businesses and investors to minimize currency risk exposure. As a result, the given statement is true because in a situation where the spot rate in 3 months is greater than today's 3-month forward rate, then the investor is in a favorable position and can sell forward to obtain a profit. The statement is valid, and therefore option "a" is the main answer.
b. Extreme bind hedging, which is hedging the present value of all future FC cash flows, carries very little risk.
This statement is false because hedging the present value of all future FC cash flows, which is also known as extreme bind hedging, carries a significant amount of risk.
c. A combination of forward contracts with the same maturity and different inception allows us to speculate on the value of forward contracts.
This statement is false because the purpose of forward contracts is to minimize currency risk exposure rather than speculating on the value of forward contracts. Therefore, this statement is invalid.
d. The best way to hedge against FC cash flows is to simply avoid FC cash flows and invoice always in HC. There is no economic loss from doing this.
This statement is also invalid because companies that generate cash flows in foreign currencies cannot avoid FC cash flows. They must also consider the impact of currency fluctuations on their business. Invoice in HC might also be costly due to currency conversion fees. Therefore, the statement is incorrect. e. None of the suggested answers.
The answer is not e, which means that one of the given statements is valid. Hence, the answer is "a."
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Question 4 Discuss the eight tasks of the strategic planning process. Make use of appropriate world-of-work examples to support your discussion. (14) [45]
To achieve this goal, the organization develops a strategy that includes launching a new product line, increasing its advertising spend, and expanding into new markets. The organization allocates the necessary resources, establishes performance measures, monitors progress, and adjusts the strategy as needed to ensure success.Example 2: A manufacturing company wants to improve the quality of its products. The company develops a strategy that includes implementing a quality management system, training employees on quality control, and improving its production processes. The company allocates the necessary resources, establishes performance measures, monitors progress, and adjusts the strategy as needed to ensure success.
The eight tasks of the strategic planning process are as follows:1. Develop vision, mission, and values: The organization's vision, mission, and values are the first steps in the strategic planning process. The vision of a company identifies what the organization wants to become in the future. The mission statement defines the company's purpose, while values outline the standards of behavior for the employees.2. Assess the internal and external environment: Before an organization can develop its strategy, it is essential to understand the internal and external factors affecting the company's performance. This includes analyzing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT analysis).3. Develop strategic goals: The next task is to identify the goals and objectives that the organization wants to achieve. Strategic goals should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound.4. Develop strategies: Once the goals have been set, the organization needs to identify the best strategies for achieving them. This includes analyzing different options and selecting the one that offers the highest likelihood of success.5. Allocate resources: After selecting a strategy, the organization needs to allocate the necessary resources to achieve its goals. This includes identifying and securing funding, as well as allocating personnel and other resources to support the strategy.6. Establish performance measures: Performance measures are essential to track progress and determine whether the organization is achieving its goals. These measures should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound.7. Monitor and adjust strategies: It is important to monitor the progress of the strategy and make adjustments as needed. This includes identifying issues and making changes to the strategy to ensure that it remains effective.8. Communicate the strategy: The final task is to communicate the strategy to the entire organization. This includes ensuring that everyone understands their role in achieving the organization's goals and objectives.Appropriate world-of-work examples to support the discussion are as follows:Example 1: An organization wants to increase its market share by 10% over the next year. To achieve this goal, the organization develops a strategy that includes launching a new product line, increasing its advertising spend, and expanding into new markets. The organization allocates the necessary resources, establishes performance measures, monitors progress, and adjusts the strategy as needed to ensure success.Example 2: A manufacturing company wants to improve the quality of its products. The company develops a strategy that includes implementing a quality management system, training employees on quality control, and improving its production processes. The company allocates the necessary resources, establishes performance measures, monitors progress, and adjusts the strategy as needed to ensure success.
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