Animals can be trained to perform many behaviors through shaping.
Shaping is a conditioning paradigm primarily used in experimental behavioral analysis. The method used is successive approximation differential amplification. It was introduced to pigeons by B.F. Skinner and expanded to dogs, dolphins, humans and other species.
Shaping in psychology is the process of training a learned behavior that does not normally occur. Reinforcement or rewards are provided for each behavior that approaches the desired outcome until the target behavior is achieved.
Shaping, also known as iterative approximation, can also be defined as the process of enhancing a behavior closer to the target behavior. This concept was first developed and used by B.F. Skinner, known for his theory on learning by reinforcement.
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what is the only reason fermentation happens?
What do the results of these crosses suggest about the inheritance of color and tail fin shape in goldfish?.
The inheritance of color and fin shape are each due to segregation of two alleles at a single gene is the right response about the inheritance of color and tail fin shape in goldfish.
Color gene consists of two allele of a gene = AaFin shape gene also consists of two allele of different gene = BbThat is in line with Mendel's law. Gold after the first cross of black and gold (F1 generation). The only fish in this F1 generation are gold in color. Because there is only one type in the F1 generation, we may state that the dominant color is gold and that both of the parental colors are homozygous (gold).
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Question correction:
An experienced goldfish breeder receives two unusual male goldfish. One is black rather than gold, and the other has a single tail fin rather than a split tail fin. The breeder crosses the black male to a female that is gold. All the F1 are gold. She also crosses the single-finned male to a female with a split tail fin. All the F1 have a split tail fin. She then crosses the black male to F1 gold females and, separately, crosses the single-finned male to F1 split-finned females. The results of the crosses are shown below.
Black male ×F1 gold female:
Gold 32
Black 34
Single-finned male ×F1 split-finned female:
Split fin 41
Single fin 39
1. What do the results of these crosses suggest about the inheritance of color and tail fin shape in goldfish?
-The inheritance of color and fin shape are due to segregation of two alleles at the same gene.
-The inheritance of color and fin shape are each due to segregation of two alleles at a single gene.
-The inheritance of color is due to segregation of two alleles at different genes; the same is true for fin shape.
Most fats and fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed and carried through the ______ system.
Most fats and fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed and carried through the Lymphatic system.
A network of tiny tubes and lymph nodes that travels throughout the body is known as the lymphatic system. Lymphatic vessels or lymph vessels are the names of these tubes. Our immune system includes the lymphatic system, which is crucial. It helps in the battle against infections and bacteria.
The components of the lymphatic system are:
Primary lymphoid organs: These organs consist of the thymus and bone marrow.
Secondary lymphoid organs: The lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and specific tissue in the body's numerous mucous membrane layers are all examples of (for instance in the bowel).
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Which taxonomic group of land plants, still in existence today, was the dominant group of land plants when the angiosperms began their rapid increase in speciation and distribution?
When the angiosperms started their rapid expansion in diversification and range, the dominant group of terrestrial plants—the gymnosperms—was still in existence.
Gymnosperms predominated between 252.2 million and 66 million years ago, during the Mesozoic Era, giving origin to numerous of the modern families (Pinaceae, Araucariaceae, Cupressaceae). Gymnosperms dominated the environment in the early (Triassic) and middle (Jurassic) Mesozoic epoch. Gymnosperms had been eclipsed as the most common plant class in the majority of terrestrial biomes by angiosperms by the middle of the Cretaceous (approximately 100 million years ago). The increase in angiosperm variety that occurred throughout the Cretaceous epoch led to the replacement and frequently extinction of gymnosperms and ferns.learn more about Gymnosperms here: https://brainly.com/question/16166196
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for unicellular vs multicellular why does the small cell have more particles then a big cell with less particles? pleasee answer due tomorrow!!!
Unicellular organisms are single celled organisms while multicellular organisms are many celled organisms.
Small cell organisms have more particles then a big cell with less particles simply because materials are easily transported through them due to their surface area to volume ratio.
In order words, a small cell has a surface area to volume ratio which is capable of carrying more particles than a bigger cell.
What are unicellular and multicellular organisms?Unicellular organisms are those living organisms consisting of only one cell.
Multicellular organisms are organisms which consist of more than one cell.
Bacteria is one of few examples unicellular organisms.
Some few examples of multicellular organisms are: lizard, fishes, crocodile and so on and so forth.
So therefore, unicellular organisms are single celled organisms while multicellular organisms are many celled organisms. Also, a small cell has a surface area to volume ratio which is capable of carrying more particles than a bigger cell.
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Black skin color is dominant to pink skin color in pigs. two heterozygous black pigs are crossed. what is the probability that their offspring will have pink skin?
1/4 is the probability of pink color
Black skin color is dominant to pink skin color in pigs. two heterozygous black pigs are crossed.
let us consider black skin is BB
let us consider pink skin is bb
the hetrozygous allele will be Bb
now,
two heterozygous black pigs are crossed.
Bb × Bb
= BB Bb Bb bb
these four offspring we got in which
1 BB homozygous is dominant black pig, 2 Bb heterozygous is black and 1 bb homozygous is pink
so 1/4 is the probability of pink color
law of dominance given by mendel which explains how a gene in dominant expresses the appearance.To know more about law of dominance visit : https://brainly.com/question/2931799
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what is zoology
what is biology
Answer:
zoology is about animals and b
Answer:
Zoology is the study of animals
Biology is the study of plants animals and bacteria.
Explanation:
Zoologist shares a root with zoology, the Latin zoologia, which combines the Greek words zoion, "animal," and logia, "study." Definitions of zoologist. a specialist in the branch of biology dealing with animals. Think of a zoo. They take care of animals there. When you see the word zoology or zoologist, you will know that it relates to animals.
The word bio relates to life. So when you see like biologist or biology, you know it relates to the study of living things. Marine biology is basically the same thing but dealing with just marine life
i need help with this please asap
Found in 1874, __________ area was found during an autopsy, which revealed a lesion on the left __________ lobe of a patient who had incomprehensible speech and zero ability to comprehend written or spoken language.
Option D is correct:
Found in 1874, Wernicke’s area was found during an autopsy, which revealed a lesion on the left temporal lobe of a patient who had incomprehensible speech and zero ability to comprehend written or spoken language.
German physician, anatomist, psychiatrist, and neuropathologist Carl Wernicke. He is renowned for his groundbreaking studies on receptive aphasia and the pathogenic effects of particular types of encephalopathy, both of which are generally referred to as Wernicke encephalopathy and Wernicke's aphasia, respectively.
The Wernicke area was first discovered in 1874 by Carl Wernicke. It is one of the two areas of the cerebral cortex that regulate speech, according to research. Wernicke area is located in the superior temporal gyrus' posterior part, also known as Brodmann area 22 in the dominant hemisphere.
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Question correction:
Found in 1874, __________ area was found during an autopsy, which revealed a lesion on the left __________ lobe of a patient who had incomprehensible speech and zero ability to comprehend written or spoken language.
A. Wernicke’s . . . frontal
B. Broca’s . . . temporal
C. Broca’s . . . frontal
D. Wernicke’s . . . temporal
Antibiotics produced by bacteria, mold, or yeast can be classified as what kind of inhibitors?
Answer:
Antibiotics produced by bacteria, mold, or yeast can be classified as irreversible inhibitors.
Explanation:
An irreversible inhibitor inactivates an enzyme by bonding covalently to a particular group at the active site. Hope this helped :)
Which environmental impact can result from large algae blooms in the Great Lakes?
O More nutrients in the lake
O Fewer fish kills in the lake
O More lake "dead zones"
O More oxygen in the lake
More nutrients in the lake environmental impact can result from large algae blooms in the Great Lakes. This process is done by Eutrophication.
Eutrophication- When a water body acquires an excessive quantity of nutrients, the development of algae & macrophytes rises, a process known as eutrophication takes place. It lowers the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water bodies and lowers the quality of the water.
More algae bloom as a result of the eutrophication process (because the level of nutrients increases). It may alter the ratio of long-lived macroalgae to more invasive species while increasing the ratio of fast-growing (including toxic) algae species.
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Answer: more lake dead zones
Explanation:
culate the mean, median and mode for the following data: *
0, 27,48,69,90, 80, 50, 50, 45
10 points
Answer:
mean:59
mode:50
median 90
Explanation:
mean:add all numbers together and divide it by how many there are
0+27+48+69+90+80+50+50+45=459
459÷9=59
mode:number that appears most
median:middle number(pur the numbers in order and find the midle number)
How many moles of electrons are required for a denitrifying organism to reduce 36 moles of nitrate (no3-) to dinitrogen gas (n2)?
180 moles of electrons are required for a denitrifying organism to reduce 36 moles of nitrate (no3-) to dinitrogen gas (n2).
The reaction of denitrification is:2 NO3− + 10 e− + 12 H+ → N2 + 6 H2O
From the above equation:2 moles of nitrate = 10 moles of electrons36 moles of nitrate = 36×2/10 = 180 moles of electronsNitrate and nitrite are converted to gaseous forms of nitrogen, mostly nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrogen, through the microbial process of denitrification (N2). Numerous microorganisms have the ability to denitrify. When the oxygen (O2) level in their immediate environment changes, denitrification occurs.The entire conversion of nitrate to molecular nitrogen often involves a number of bacterial species, and more than one enzyme pathway has been found in the reduction process.Complete denitrification has an impact on the environment because nitric oxide and nitrous oxide, two intermediates in the process, are important greenhouse gases that combine with sunlight and ozone to form nitric acid, a component of acid rain.Therefore, the correct answer is 180 moles.
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A serious environmental hazard, acid mine drainage is the result of chemical weathering of pyrite that yields ________ and ________ that will degrade aquatic habitats.
A serious environmental hazard, acid mine drainage is the result of the chemical weathering of pyrite that yields sulfuric acid and iron oxide that will degrade aquatic habitats.
Mine drainage is created when pyrite, an iron sulfide, starts reacting with air and water to produce sulfuric acid and iron oxide.
Both of these chemicals are released into the water and pollute the aquatic bodies.
The increasing amount of sulfuric acid and iron oxide is affecting aquatic and marine life badly.
In places where the concentration of sulfuric acid is high, burns the skins of marine animals.
Moreover, mine drainage also contaminates the drinking water slowing down the growth and reproduction of the aquatic plants and animals.
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The+mass+extinction+that+led+to+the+loss+of+96%+of+marine+life+and+70%+of+terrestrial+life+was+most+likely+due+to+a+supernova,+an+asteroid+impact+or+__________.
The mass extinction that led to the loss of 96% of marine life and 70% of terrestrial life was most likely due to a supernova an Asteroid impact or Volcanic eruption.
What do you mean by Volcanic eruption? How does it occur?When lava and gas are released from a volcano, often explosively, this is known as an eruption. A "glowing avalanche," which occurs when recently erupted lava slides down the flanks of a volcano, is the most hazardous type of eruption. They are swiftly moving and can withstand heat up to 1,200 degrees Fahrenheit.
Deep within earth it is so hot that some rocks slowly melt and become thick a flowing substance called magma.
Volcanic eruption can affect floods ,mudslides ,power outages etc.
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In the structure of the neuron, the __________ receives messages from other cells.
The correct answer is Dendrite.
A useful analogy is to think of neurons as trees. Neurons consist of three main parts: dendrites, axons, and cell bodies or cell bodies (see diagram below), which can be represented as branches, roots, and trunks of a tree, respectively. Dendrites (branch) are where neurons receive input from other cells. The dendrites branch like branches toward the tip and even have leaf-like structures called spines.
Axons (tree roots) are the starting structures of neurons. When a neuron wants to talk to another neuron, it sends an electrical message, called an action potential, across the axon. The cell body (tree trunk) contains the nucleus, houses the neuronal DNA, and makes proteins for transport down the axons and dendrites. Both the brain and spinal cord have different types of neurons. They are generally classified based on where they originate, what they project to, and what neurotransmitters they use.
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Which two pollutants are responsible for the production of ozone in the troposphere?
Two pollutants are responsible for the production of ozone in the troposphere VOCs and NO2.
The combination of UV radiation from the sun with hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides released by smokestacks and automobile tailpipes results in the formation of tropospheric ozone. High ozone levels in cities typically occur during the balmy summer months.
The main photochemical interactions between two major groups of air pollutants, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and nitrogen oxides, produce tropospheric or ground-level ozone, which is what humans breathe (NOx).
Pollution released by vehicles, power plants, commercial boilers, refineries, and chemical facilities is what causes ground-level ozone. Even paints, household cleaners, solvents, and powered lawn equipment may contribute to ozone pollution.
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[ Brainliest ] ( please answer)
Which of the following describes and example of a positive feedback loop?
A. When we are kids, our heart rates are really slow and they just continue to get
faster and faster as we grow older. We are adding to the set amount every day.
B. During childbirth, females release oxytocin, a hormone that intensifies contractions. More contractions equals more oxytocin and this cycle continues until the child is born. The body adds more and more oxytocin.
C. When we eat a donut, our body works to add more and more sugar to our blood. We want to continue to increase the amount of sugar in our blood to stay
healthy
D. When we eat a donut, our body works to pull the sugar out of our blood to ensure we have the proper blood sugar levels. If we don't eat for awhile, our body works to add sugar from our reserves into our blood to ensure we have proper levels.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
B is correct because the hormone oxytocin is doing something beneficial for both mom and baby, and will stop once the labor is over.
Which term best applies to the study of interactions between sharks and their biological and physical surroundings?
The study of interactions between sharks and their biological and physical surroundings is called Ecology.
What is ecology?
The German naturalist Ernst Haeckel is credited with inventing the term ecology, which he used to describe the "relation of the animal both to its organic as well as its inorganic surroundings."
It is the study of how organisms and their surroundings interact. Expanding populations, food shortages, environmental pollution, including global warming, extinctions of plant and animal species, and all the accompanying sociological and political issues are some of the most urgent issues facing humanity today. These issues are largely ecological.
Relationships between organisms and their surroundings can take many different forms. Individuals, groups of individuals, the entirety of a species, the sum of several species, or the overall mass of species (biomass) within an ecosystem can all be considered organisms. Additionally, in addition to physical and chemical components, the term "environment" also refers to the biological environment, which also includes additional creatures.
The relationship between shark and their biological environment such as temperature, salinity, light, etc. makes them adjustable to the environment and hence the term is said to be ecology.
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Which structure makes up the light area between the dark striations in skeletal muscle?
The light bands are called I bands which contains actin .
What makes striations in skeletal muscle?The striations are the result of highly ordered actin and myosin with sarcomeres ,the basic contractile units of muscle fibres . Sliding of the myosin thick filament along the actin thin filaments within the sarcomeres leads to contraction of striated muscle fibres.
Isotropic bands are light bands of skeletal muscles whereas anisotropic bands are dark bands which contains myosin.
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Why does the scientist start with low power lens and then switch to a high power lens ??
to increase the magnification
Changing from low power to high power increases the magnification of a specimen
makes it easier to find an object on low power, and then switch to higher power after it is in focus
the field of view will be wider, increasing the number of cells you are able to see. This makes it easier to find what you're looking for.
You must have the object centered before you change objectives to increase the magnification
lowest power has the highest field of view. As a result, it is easier to locate the specimen on the slide than if you start with a higher power objective.
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What is the hybridization of the carbon atoms numbered 1 and 2, respectively, in this structure?
Hybridization exists the idea of combining two atomic orbitals to create a brand-new category of hybridized orbitals.
The hybridization of the carbon scraps numbered 1 and 2, respectively, in this structure is,
[tex]CH_{2} =C=CH_{2}[/tex]
What is hybridization?The process of two complementary single-stranded DNA and/or RNA molecules joining together to generate a double-stranded molecule exists comprehended as hybridization in the context of genomics. The proper base pairing between the two single-stranded molecules exists necessary for the bonding. Hybridization exists the idea of combining two atomic orbitals to create a brand-new category of hybridized orbitals.Hybridization exists the mating of genetically differentiated individuals or groups and may involve crossing individuals within a species (even comprehended as line crossing or strain crossing) or crossing individuals between different species. This intermixing typically results in the formation of hybrid orbitals having entirely different energies, shapes, etc.
The hybridization of the carbon scraps numbered 1 and 2, respectively, in this structure is,
[tex]CH_{2} =C=CH_{2}[/tex]
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Which vertebral level does the transumbilical plane pass through? a) t10 b) t12 c) l3/l4 disc d) l5/s1 disc e) at the level of the sacral promontory
The transumbilical plane crosses the l3/l4 disc. The transumbilical plane, also known as the umbilical plane, is a horizontal line that runs through the abdomen at the navel level (or umbilicus).
What is transumbilical plane?The transumbilical plane, also known as the umbilical plane, is a horizontal line that runs through the abdomen at the navel level (or umbilicus).During a physical examination, clinicians divide the abdomen into four quadrants by using the transumbilical plane and its intersection with the median plane.Right upper quadrant (RUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), and left lower quadrant (LLQ) are the four quadrants (LLQ)This assists clinicians in localizing, identifying, and diagnosing a patient's symptoms. The umbilicus is located at the level of the L3 and L4 vertebrae. The skin around the umbilicus, on the other hand, is supplied by the thoracic spinal nerve T10 (T10 dermatome) "T10 for belly but-ten" is a useful mnemonic.To learn more about vertebral level:
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After ovulation, estrogen and progesterone levels increase. what does this increase in estrogen and progesterone lead to? mark all that apply.
Increasein levels of estrogen and progesterone lead to weight gain.
What happens to estrogen and progesterone level after the ovulation?Twice throughout the menstrual cycle, oestrogen levels increases and decreases. The mid follicular phase sees an increase in oestrogen levels, which fall sharply after ovulation. The mid luteal phase of the menstrual sees a secondary increase in oestrogen levels ,which is followed by a decline at the end of the cycle.
Due to weight gain oestrogen level increase. High levels of progesterone are linked to weight gain . Low levels of estrogen to poor health . Low levels of progesterone are linked to poor health.
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Which development in technology led to new scientific research about possible ways to restore populations of endangered species?
A. Cloning technology
B. Gene editing
C. Herbicides
D. Prosthetic limbs
According to the research, the correct option is Cloning technology. Cloning is a technology that helps new scientific researchers to restore populations of endangered species.
What is cloning technology?It is the technology that aims to reproduce the organism by duplicating the genome, that is, duplicating a certain gene, tissue or piece of DNA.
In this sense, it allows to obtain animals of high productive value and with better zootechnical conditions, focusing on the conservation of the DNA of the species, that is, first the DNA is extracted from an animal cell and introduced into an ovule emptied of genetic material, through these techniques, it is sought to prevent some animal species in danger of extinction from disappearing from the territory.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is Cloning technology. Cloning is a technology that helps new scientific researchers to restore populations of endangered species.
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What two functional groups combine to form the ester in the final product, methyl benzoate?
Alcohol and carboxylic acids are two functional groups that combine to form methyl benzoate.
For the making of benzoate ester, alcohol and carboxylic acid are two functional groups of methyl benzoate.
Methyl benzoate is made by condensing a compound containing a carboxylic acid functional group namely benzoic acid and another compound containing an alcohol functional group namely methanol. It also plays a role in attracting insects and acts as a metabolite.
Methyl benzoate is a crystalline solid, it has a density lower than that of water. Being in its contact can irritate mucous membranes, skin and eyes. It's used in pharmaceutical industries for making other chemicals. It is known as methyl ester and benzoate ester.
Therefore, alcohol and carboxylic acids are two functional groups that combine to form methyl benzoate.
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In what species and in what environment did bipedalism first arrive in evolutionary history?
Ardipithecus was the first species in which bipedalism first arrived and they lived in open savanna environment.
What is the evolution of bipedalism?
Bipedalism is the ability to stand and walk completely on two feet. The bipedal gait evolved 4 million years ago and is characteristic of modern humans. Efficient locomotion and empty and free hands are the main advantages of bipedalism.
Ardipithecus, the earliest known genus of the zoological family Hominidae (the group that includes humans and excludes the great apes) and the probable ancestor of Australopithecus, a closely related group often thought to be the ancestors of modern humans. Ardipithecus lived 5.8 to 4.4 million years ago, from the late Miocene. These were the first ones to develop bipedalism while continuing living in the open savannas.
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Explain how each of the following passes from the extracellular fluid into cells: _______
(1) oxygen,
(2) calcium ion,
(3) ethanol,
(4) glucose, and
(5) growth factors.
Here are the explanation on how each of these passes from the extracellular fluid into cells:
1) Diffusion allows oxygen to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell. The concentration is quite high outside the cell and very low inside. As a result, substances reach cells through different concentration points.
2) The plasma membrane's ion channels are used to transfer calcium.
3) After entering our blood from the digestive system, ethanol enters cells with the assistance of proteins.
4) Facilitated diffusion through the plasma membrane allows glucose to enter the cell. With the aid of unique proteins found in the cell membrane, a material enters the cell via this form of diffusion.
5) Growth factor is affixed to receptors found on the surface of the cells they are trying to penetrate.
Extracellular fluid differs from intracellular fluid (fluid inside the cells) in that it typically has a higher sodium concentration and a lower potassium concentration, whereas intracellular fluid has a higher potassium concentration and a lower sodium concentration. Cells frequently produce the liquid to maintain a stable environment for cellular functions.
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A scientist compares a fossil a very similar living organism. What might help the scientist be able to infer based on this comparison? Choose all that apply
Answer: Give me the multiple choices, please. how can I know which one to choose?
Explanation:
Answer:
the cells, the structure, the function
Explanation: The fissil may have dead cells or even no cells at all and the living organism will have living cells and the functions within it
A helper t cell is found bound to an antigen-presenting cell and has released cytokines into the bloodstream. Indicate whether the statement is true or false. The helper t cell is bound to the antigens on an invading bacterial cell.
The given statement "The helper t cell is bound to the antigens on an invading bacterial cell." is false.
Immune cells include helper T-cells. They are one of the primary cell types that your thymus produces. Helper T-cells are able to detect infections when they occur in the body. To combat the infection, they stimulate additional immune cells. These T-cells play a crucial role in your body's adaptive immune response.
Helper T cells attach to antigens that are expressed on dendritic cells or macrophages by MHC class II. They don't engage in phagocytosis themselves but are positively selected in the thymus and release cytokines into the immune system.
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