Aseptic technique means that that you perform the preparation of media or the transfer c. without introducing contamination.
In order to prevent hazardous bacteria from contaminating sterile materials and surfaces, a series of processes known as aseptic technique is employed in microbiology, cell culture, and medical treatments. Maintaining a sterile environment is essential because contamination can compromise the reliability of research findings or result in an infection during medical treatments.
Maintaining a clean, contaminant-free environment and preventing the entrance of bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other microbes into the sterile field are the fundamental objectives of aseptic technique.
All individuals involved in the procedure put on the proper personal protective equipment and the work environment is cleansed and disinfected.
Sterilization: To sanitize the tools and materials used, a variety of techniques, including chemical sterilization, autoclaving.
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the feather colour of a certain breed of chicken is controlled by codominant alleles. a cross between a homozygous black-feathered chicken and a homozygous white-feathered chicken produces all speckled chickens. what phenotypic ratios would be expected from a cross between two speckled chickens?
Option (D). The following phenotypic ratios would be expected from a cross between two speckled chickens - 1 black feathers : 2 speckled feathers : 1 white feathers.
A phenotypic ratio is a quantitative connection between phenotypes that indicates how frequently the frequency of one phenotype corresponds with the frequency of another. Phenotypic ratios obtained from test crosses are used when researchers wish to obtain generational gene expression of an organism.
Phenotypic ratio refers to the proportional number of offspring exhibiting a particular trait or combination of traits. In this scenario, the phenotypic ratio indicates the number of tall and short offspring according to genotype. The definition of phenotypic ratio is the ratio of different phenotypes present in the offspring of a cross. For example, if there are 3 apples and 2 oranges, the ratio of apples to oranges is 3:2
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Complete question :
The feather colour of a certain breed of chicken is controlled by codominant alleles. A cross between a homozygous black-feathered chicken and a homozygous white-feathered chicken produces all speckled chickens. What phenotypic ratios would be expected from a cross between two speckled chickens?
A. All speckled
B. 1 black feathers : 1 white feathers
C. Speckled, black feathers and white feathers in equal numbers
D. 1 black feathers : 2 speckled feathers : 1 white feathers
myofibrils is the sarcoplasm of a skeletal muscle fiber contains hundreds to thousands of long, cylindrical structures called that extend the length of the cell. true or false?
‘The given statement “myofibrils is the sarcoplasm of a skeletal muscle fiber contains hundreds to thousands of long, cylindrical structures called that extend the length of the cell.” is True. Because Myofibrils are cylindrical structures that extend the length of skeletal muscle fibers and are found in the sarcoplasm, the cytoplasm of muscle cells.
Each muscle fiber contains hundreds to thousands of myofibrils, which are responsible for muscle contraction. The myofibrils are organized into repeating units called sarcomeres, which are the basic functional units of muscle contraction. Sarcomeres consist of thin filaments made of actin, thick filaments made of myosin, and other associated proteins.
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what is the function of cilia in the respiratory system?
Why there can be side effects in using antibiotics?
There can be side effects in using antibiotics because antibiotics are powerful drugs that work by killing bacteria or slowing their growth.
Are antibiotics totally free from generating side effects?No, they are not. While they are generally safe and effective in treating bacterial infections, they can sometimes cause side effects. Some common side effects of antibiotics include:
Nausea and vomiting: Antibiotics can cause digestive upset, including nausea and vomiting.
Diarrhea: Some antibiotics can disrupt the balance of bacteria in the gut, leading to diarrhea.
Allergic reactions: In rare cases, people may have an allergic reaction to antibiotics, which can range from mild skin rashes to severe breathing difficulties.
Yeast infections: Antibiotics can kill the "good" bacteria that normally keep yeast levels in check, leading to overgrowth of yeast and a subsequent infection.
Drug interactions: Antibiotics can interact with other medications, potentially making them less effective or causing adverse reactions.
Nerve damage: In rare cases, certain antibiotics (such as metronidazole) can cause peripheral neuropathy, a condition characterized by damage to the nerves in the arms and legs.
It's important to remember that these side effects are generally rare and most people do not experience them. If you do experience side effects from antibiotics, it's important to talk to your doctor, who may be able to adjust your treatment.
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What is the DNA shape called?
The most prevalent kind of DNA has been shown as a twisted ladder by scientists and artists. Scientists refer to it as a double helix.
The most prevalent kind of DNA has been shown as a twisted ladder by scientists and artists. Scientists refer to it as a double helix. DNA may fold and twist into a variety of increasingly complicated structures. Because of its coiled form, it is quite tiny. Given its small size, it might very easily fit within any of our cells. This is a pretty amazing achievement when you realize that one cell's DNA would unfold to a length of six feet (almost two meters). DNA is not merely a database. The information molecule is DNA. It offers the information necessary to create proteins, another type of significant molecule. These instructions are dispersed throughout 46 large structures called chromosomes found in each of your cells. The DNA of these chromosomes is made up of many smaller genes. The instructions required to put together complete proteins, protein fragments, or a variety of proteins are encoded in each gene.
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Why would one use basic dyes instead of acidic dyes for simple stains?
Since they contain differing charges, basic dyes are more effective at staining bacteria than acidic dyes.
A basic dye has a positive charge and stains a cell's interior, whereas an acidic dye has a negative charge and stains a cell's outside.
We are aware that basic dyes are positively charged and acidic dyes have a negative charge. Moreover, the majority of organisms including bacteria have negatively charged cell walls. As both are similarly charged, they do not attract when the bacterial cell wall is dyed with acidic dyes.Therefore, generally, people use the basic dye instead of acidic dyes for simple stains.Which simply means that the basic dyes are being more preferred as compared to acidic dyes for simple stains.
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in a cell, is the genetic information of the cell, and rna plays a role in the production of .
The genetic information in a cell is stored in the DNA, RNA plays a crucial role in the process of protein synthesis by transcribing the genetic information from the DNA and transporting it to the ribosomes for translation into proteins.
In a cell, the genetic information is stored in the DNA, which is located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells or in the nucleoid region of prokaryotic cells. The DNA contains the instructions for the synthesis of all the proteins and other molecules that the cell needs to function and grow.
RNA (ribonucleic acid) plays a crucial role in the production of proteins. The process of protein synthesis involves two main steps: transcription and translation. During transcription, RNA is synthesized from the DNA template in the nucleus, and then the RNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where it is used as a template for protein synthesis during translation.
In transcription, an RNA molecule is synthesized that is complementary to a segment of DNA. This RNA molecule is called messenger RNA (mRNA) and carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. The ribosomes use the information in the mRNA to synthesize proteins by linking amino acids together in the correct order. This process is called translation.
Other types of RNA also play important roles in protein synthesis. For example, transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a structural component of the ribosome itself.
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Researchers control factors that might influence a dependent variable by means of:a.random assignmentb.replicationc.naturalistic observationd.operational definitions42.
The correct option is A. By using random assignment, researchers are able to control variables (such age and attitudes) that may have an impact on a dependent variable.
There are often two different sorts of variables in analytical health research. We anticipate that independent variables will have an impact on dependent variables. What occurs as a result of the independent variable is referred to as a dependent variable. The cause is the independent variable. Its value is unaffected by the other study variables. Effect is the dependent variable. Changes in the independent variable affect its value. For instance, vehicle exhaust would be the independent variable and asthma would be the dependent variable if we wanted to investigate if high quantities of vehicle exhaust have an impact on the occurrence of asthma in children.
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which structure of the eye is the most sensitive but contains no blood vessels? retina | pupil | cornea | transparant capsule
The process by which nerve cells are coated with insulation that enhances the speed and efficiency of the information traveling through the nervous system is known as:_________
Myelin, a membraneous coating formed by glial cells around axons, acts as an insulator, similar to the insulation around the wires in electrical circuits. This process of "myelination," as it is known, can significantly speed up the transmission of messages between neurons (known as action potentials).
Different glial cell types produce myelin in various ways depending on the location. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS: nerves), Schwann cells produce myelin, and in the central nervous system, oligodendrocytes (CNS: brain and spinal cord). One Schwann cell creates a single myelin sheath in the PNS . The oligodendrocyte, in contrast, sends cell processes to myelinate several segments on numerous axons in the central nervous system. The fundamental myelin sheath organisation and the electrical properties are basically the same between nerve fibres in the PNS and CNS, despite certain molecular or morphological variations.
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which surgical procedure replaces the femoral head and the acetabulum with a metal ball and stem?
Hip arthroplasty, also known as hip replacement, is a surgical procedure used to treat hip pain. Artificial implants are used during the operation to replace some of the hip joint.
The ball and socket that make up the hip joint are located at the top of the femur, also known as the thigh bone (in the pelvis, also known as the hip bone). One or both parts of the hip can be replaced during surgery to replace it. Your ability to resume daily activities and engage in physical activity with less pain is the procedure's main objective.
Chronic pain brought on by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, avascular necrosis, or childhood hip disease can be treated with total hip replacement surgery. By allowing the ball and socket to move freely, hip replacement procedures improve mobility and lessen pain.
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why If a fire destroys all the above-ground vegetation, the bracken will still grow
Answer:
If a fire destroys all the above-ground vegetation, the bracken will still grow because bracken ferns have underground structures called rhizomes that are able to survive the fire and regrow from the surviving rhizomes. Bracken ferns are also able to release spores of their rhizomes that can grow into new plants. This means that even if the above-ground foliage is destroyed, the plant will be able to regrow from the surviving rhizomes. Additionally, bracken ferns are able to quickly colonize areas of disturbed land, such as those affected by a fire, making them a dominant species in many post-fire landscapes.
There are two types of vascular tissue within plants. Water and minerals are transported from the roots to the rest of the plant in , while sugars are transported from one part of the plant to another in .
There are two types of vascular tissue within plants. Water and minerals are transported from the roots to the rest of the plant in xylem, while sugars are transported from one part of the plant to another in phloem.
Xylem and phloem are the two types of vascular tissue in plants that are responsible for the transport of substances throughout the plant. Xylem is specialized for the transport of water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. It is composed of specialized cells called tracheids and vessel elements, which are long, tubular structures that are lined up end-to-end to form a continuous pipeline. In contrast, phloem is specialized for the transport of organic compounds such as sugars and amino acids from the site of vascular tissue production to the rest of the plant. It is composed of specialized cells called sieve-tube members and companion cells, which are arranged in long, interconnected tubes. The phloem uses energy to transport these substances, a process known as translocation, from a source (where they are produced or stored) to a sink (where they are needed for growth or metabolism).
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2. Identify how specifically identified components of the limbic system affect behavior,
sensations and emotions in humans. Be sure to provide abundant explanatory detail
and examples of limbic system functions.
The limbic system controls behavior, sensations and emotions in humans.
What is the limbic system?The limbic system is a complex network of brain structures that play a crucial role in regulating a wide range of behaviors, sensations, and emotions in humans. The specific components of the limbic system and how they affect behavior, sensations, and emotions include:
Hippocampus: The hippocampus is involved in memory formation and retrieval, spatial navigation, and emotional regulation. It is essential for creating new memories and linking them to emotional experiences.
Amygdala: The amygdala is a key center for processing emotions and is involved in the experience of fear and anxiety. It also plays a role in processing sensory information and generating emotional responses to external stimuli.
Thalamus: The thalamus is involved in sensory processing, particularly in the processing of touch, taste, and visual information. It also plays a role in regulating consciousness and attention.
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33. homeotic genes are master regulatory genes that determine the location and organization of body parts. mutations in a homeotic gene can have a profound effect on morphology. homeotic gene mutations can contribute to the potential for evolutionary change. the hox genes are one class of homeotic genes. what do they control?
One class of homeotic genes is known as the Hox genes. These genes are found in all animals, from insects to mammals, and are involved in controlling the development of the body plan and the formation of specific body segments.
Hox genes are located in a cluster on a single chromosome, and their order on the chromosome corresponds to their expression pattern along the anterior-posterior axis of the body. The Hox gene cluster is divided into four regions, each of which is responsible for controlling the development of a different part of the body.
The Hox genes control the formation of various structures, including the limbs, the heart, and the nervous system. In particular, they are involved in controlling the formation of the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, the vertebrae, and the ribcage. Hox genes also play a role in the development of the limbs, controlling the identity of different segments and the positioning of different appendages. In addition, they are involved in the development of the nervous system, controlling the formation of different parts of the brain and the spinal cord.
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Choose the best explanation as to why both consumers and producers perform cellular respiration.a. Both consumers and producers perform cellular respiration to produce the oxygen necessary to sustain life. b. Both consumers and producers perform cellular respiration to produce the heat necessary to sustain life. c. Both consumers and producers perform cellular respiration to produce the sugars that will be "burned" to fuel the energy of life. d. Although they may obtain their sugars in different ways, both consumers and producers rely on cellular respiration to make ATP
Both consumers and producers generate ATP through a process known as cellular respiration to provide energy for their metabolic processes (adenosine triphosphate).
The respiration of cellsCellular respiration, which is how cells release energy, involves the breakdown of organic molecules like glucose to fuel cellular activities including growth, mobility, and reproduction.In the cells of consumers, such as animals, cellular respiration occurs to break down the organic molecules they consume, such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, into smaller molecules that can be used to make ATP.Using this energy to power cellular processes allows the animal to maintain its body temperature, movement, and other functions.In the cells of producers like plants, cellular respiration also occurs in addition to photosynthesis.Therefore, both consumers and producers engage in cellular respiration as a vital means of generating energy and engaging in their metabolic activities.Cellular respiration is therefore a crucial activity in the functioning of living beings.learn more about cellular respiration here
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the thin space between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium is the ______ cavity.-pericardial-epicardium-endocardial-pleural
Pericardial sac is the thin space between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium.
The heart is surrounded by the sac which is called the pericardium, it safeguards and lubricates your heart while maintaining it in the correct location within your chest.
Problems may occur when the pericardium becomes inflamed or swells with fluid. The swelling could make your heart's situation worse.
The pericardium serves a number of vital purposes, including:
It keeps your heart in its proper place within your chest cavity.It prevents your heart from overextending and accumulating blood.Your heart is lubricated to lessen friction as it beats in concert with the tissues surrounding it.It protects your heart from any infections that could enter nearby organs like the lungs.The pericardium has two layers:
The fibrous pericardium makes up the outer layer. It is constructed of dense connective tissue and is connected to your diaphragm. It prevents infections and preserves your heart in the appropriate position within the chest cavity.The serous pericardium makes up the inner layer. The following two divisions are made up of the visceral and parietal layers. The serous pericardium lubricates your heart.These two layers are separated by the fluid-filled pericardial space. It protects the heart from harm and lubricates it.
The proper question is:
The thin space between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium is the ______ cavity.
(A). pericardial
(B). epicardium
(C). endocardial
(D). pleural
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What do lymphatic collecting vessels converge to form?
Lymph nodes are reached by gathering lymphatic vessels, which connect with initial lymphatic vessels.
What is formed when lymphatic channels converge?Larger tributaries, known as lymphatic trunks, are formed when small lymphatic veins unite to drain a broad area. Up until the blood enters both two lymphatic channels, lymphatic trunks combine. Lymph from of the upper right-hand quadrant of the body is discharged through the right lymphatic duct. Everything else drains into the thoracic duct.
What serve lymphatic collecting organs?As lymph moves toward bigger vessels known as collecting ducts, lymphatic vessels continue to collect and filter fluid (at the nodes). These tubes function very similarly to your veins: They function at extremely low pressure and have a number of valves to maintain fluid flow in a single direction.
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Which term means a twisting of the intestine on itself that causes and obstruction
The term that means a twisting of the intestine on itself that causes an obstruction is "volvulus."
Volvulus is a medical emergency that can occur in various parts of the gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach, small intestine, and colon. When a segment of the intestine twists, it can lead to a blockage of the normal flow of food, fluid, and gas, which can cause pain, distention, vomiting, and potentially life-threatening complications such as bowel ischemia, perforation, or sepsis.
Treatment for volvulus typically involves urgent surgical intervention to untwist the affected portion of the intestine and remove any necrotic or damaged tissue.
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costal facets are found on the ________ vertebrae.
The vertebrae that the rib articulates with are where the costal facets are situated. The transverse costal facet, inferior costal facet, and superior costal facet are the three. Rib 1 only has a transverse costal facet for articulation.
The spine is composed of several very flexible vertebrae (singular vertebra), each of which is an uniquely irregular bone with a complicated structure primarily formed of bone and secondarily of hyaline cartilage. Almost all vertebrates have a special synapomorphy called the spinal column. The varying contributions of these two tissue types are related to the evolutionary diversity of the vertebrate species as well as the cerebral/caudal rank, or their location inside the backbone.
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What is Chargaff's rule for DNA?
Chargaff's rule is a constant for a species and explains the ratio of the different nitrogenous bases contained inside the DNA molecule. It also helps determine the structure and composition of DNA in distinct organisms.
Any organism's DNA should include purine and pyrimidine nucleotides in a 1:1 ratio. Another term for Chargaff's rule is the base pair rule. It demands that the guanine and cytosine concentrations match. Adenine and thymine are present in equal amounts. This model predicts that the proportion of double-stranded DNA is the same as the proportion of nitrogenous base pairs. The proportion of adenine is equal to the proportion of thiamine, according to the second parity rule.
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What can be inferred from observed similarities in the forelimbs of humans, dogs and bats?
a. Bats evolved from humans
b. Dogs evolved from humans.
c. These organisms share a common ancestor
d. These organisms are classified as the same species.
The observed similarities in the forelimbs of humans, dogs, and bats suggest that C. these organisms share a common ancestor.
Despite differences in the number of digits and overall shape, the underlying skeletal structure of the forelimbs is quite similar, indicating that they have a common evolutionary origin. This is a fundamental principle of evolutionary biology known as homology, where similarities in different species suggest a common ancestry. The similarities in the forelimbs of these organisms can be explained by the process of divergent evolution, where ancestral structures are modified over time through natural selection to serve different functions in different organisms. Therefore, option (c) - "These organisms share a common ancestor" - is the correct answer to the question.
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What is a trait that appears only if an organism has two factors for the trait?
Recessive trait is a trait that appears only if an organism has two factors for the trait, show their effect if the individual has two copies of the allele .
Recessive alleles only show their effect if the individual has two copies of the allele ). For example, the allele for blue eyes is recessive, therefore to have blue eyes you need to have two copies of the 'blue eye' allele.
Recessive traits are expressed only if both the connected alleles are recessive. If one of the alleles is dominant, then the associated characteristic is less likely to manifest.
An allele is one of two or more versions of DNA sequence (a single base or a segment of bases) at a given genomic location. An individual inherits two alleles, one from each parent, for any given genomic location where such variation exists. If the two alleles are the same, the individual is homozygous for that allele.
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which stage of sleep is characterized by relatively rapid low-amplitude brain waves?A) stage 1B) stage 2C) stage 3D) stage 4
4th stage of sleep is characterized by relatively rapid low-amplitude brain waves. Hence, Option D is the correct option.
What do we mean by rapid low-amplitude brain waves?When the brain is stimulated and actively thinking, beta waves are produced. These beta waves have the smallest amplitude of the four different brainwaves. The frequency of beta waves ranges from 15 to 40 cycles per second. The higher the frequency of the signal, the more work the brain is doing, or the greater the intensity of brain activity. When there is more coordinated brain activity from many neurons, the signal is stronger and has a higher amplitude.
Delta waves are the slowest brain waves ever observed in humans. They are most common in infants and young children, and they are associated with the deepest levels of relaxation and restorative, healing sleep.
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What's the Connection? Identify as many relationships as you can from among the items listed below. For EACH relationship, show WHAT you would connect together (X -> Y) and WHY they are connected.
Use AlL ten items: clam, corn, cow, fossil bone, fossil shell, grass, human bone, milk, soil, water
Clam -> Fossil shell: Clams can become fossilized over time, and their shells can be preserved as fossils.
Corn -> Grass: Corn is a type of grain that is derived from a type of grass called maize.
What are other connections?Cow -> Milk: Cows are mammals that produce milk, which is a source of nutrition for their offspring and for humans.
Fossil bone -> Fossil shell: Fossil bones and fossil shells are both types of preserved remains of ancient organisms that can provide insights into the history of life on Earth.
Grass -> Soil: Grasses help to anchor soil in place, prevent erosion, and contribute organic matter to the soil as they decompose.
Human bone -> Milk: Milk is a source of calcium, which is an important mineral for building and maintaining healthy bones.
Milk -> Cow: Cows are domesticated animals that are raised specifically for the purpose of producing milk for human consumption.
Soil -> Water: Soil helps to regulate the movement and quality of water by absorbing, filtering, and storing it.
Water -> Clam: Clams are aquatic organisms that live in water and filter it to obtain nutrients and oxygen.
Water -> Corn: Corn requires water to grow and develop, and it is often irrigated in areas with limited rainfall.
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what do you call to the ability to move a body part through full range of motion at a joint? A. flexibilityB. body compositionC. muscular strengthD. muscular endurance
The ability to move a body part through the full range of motion at a joint is referred to as A.flexibility.
Flexibility is a crucial aspect of overall physical fitness and is defined as the ability of a joint or series of joints to move freely, easily, and without pain or restriction. It is affected by a number of factors, including muscle length, joint structure, and the elasticity of connective tissues such as ligaments and tendons.
Maintaining or improving flexibility can have a number of benefits, including reducing the risk of injury during physical activity, improving balance and coordination, and enhancing overall physical performance. Activities that can help improve flexibility include stretching, yoga, Pilates, and other forms of low-impact exercise that focus on range of motion and joint mobility. Regular physical activity and a healthy diet can also help improve overall flexibility and contribute to better physical health and well-being.
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What is the most prominent organelle in a eukaryotic cell?
One of the most prominent and well-known organelles in eukaryotic cells is the nucleus
The most prominent organelle in a eukaryotic cell depends on the type of cell and its function. However, one of the most prominent and well-known organelles in eukaryotic cells is the nucleus. The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA, which provides the instructions for the cell's structure, function, and reproduction. Other prominent organelles include the mitochondria, which produce energy in the form of ATP, and the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, which are involved in protein synthesis, processing, and transport within the cell.An eukaryotic cell is a type of cell that has a nucleus enclosed within a membrane, as well as other membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes.
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does protein expression begin with transcription or translation?
Transcription, and not translation, is the first step in protein expression.
What the differences between gene translation and transcription?The initial stage in expression is transcription, which is how RNA is made from DNA.Translation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, whereas transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cell.Translation creates proteins from RNA copies, whereas transcription employs the RNA polymerase enzyme to copy DNA into RNA.Translation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, whereas transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cell.While translation creates proteins from RNA transcripts using ribosomes, transcription makes RNA copies from DNA using the RNA polymerase enzyme.While translation yields protein as its last byproduct, transcription results in the synthesis of functional RNA.To learn more about RNA visit:
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The biological species concept is inadequate for groupingA) plants.B) parasites.C) asexual organisms.D) animals that migrate.E) sympatric populations
C) Asexual organisms cannot be grouped using the biological species concept.
Asexual organisms cannot be grouped using the biological species idea because it only pertains to sexually reproducing organisms. Organisms that reproduce asexually are not considered to be biological species. As this idea is predicated on the mating of many species, it cannot be applied to asexual organisms because their DNA variations are what cause them to reproduce. So, it is difficult to apply the physiological species idea to long-extinct animals for whom there are no longer any available reproductive data. Applying the biological species idea to groups for which little is known about their reproductive biology or behaviour can also be challenging.
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neutrophils remove invading microorganisms through a process called
The correct answer is option is option A. phagocytosis
Phagocytosis is the process by which neutrophils absorb and consume foreign particles like bacteria and other microbes.
The neutrophil cell initially bonds to the microbe or particle during this step. The cell membrane is then momentarily extended as a pseudopod to enclose the particle.
The particle is subsequently transported inside the cell when the pseudopod and cell membrane merge. The particle is subsequently digested by enzymes inside the cell's vesicle, a bubble-like compartment produced by the cell membrane.
The immune system has to go through this process to protect itself from infection since it gets rid of foreign substances that can harm the body.
Complete Question:
Neutrophils remove invading microorganisms through a process called
A. phagocytosis.
B. passive transport.
C. pinocytosis.
D. facilitated diffusion.
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