Matter are anything that is made up of atoms. The quantity of matter can be observed only on the basis of mass and volume calculation. Therefore, matter can be divided on the basis of motion and spacing of the particles.
What is matter?Matter is a substance that has some mass and can occupy some volume. The matter is mainly used in science. Matter can be solid, liquid or gas.
Matter is anything that is made up of atoms. Anything around us that can be physically seen and touched are matter. Ice, water and water vapors are example of matter.
The motion and spacing of particles is zero in case of solid. The motion and spacing of particles is more than solid in case of liquid. The motion and spacing of particles is the most in case of gas.
Therefore, matter can be divided on the basis of motion and spacing of the particles.
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A measurement of the heat produced when a known amount of sugar burns in a constant volume calorimeter would enable us to first calculate the.
There is a molar internal energy change during sugar combustion. W = 0 for comb calorimeters since Delta V = 0 and Delta E = q + w. Delta then
E = q.
What makes water an ideal heat transmission medium in calorimetry?Due to its high specific heat capacity, water can absorb a lot of heat energy without boiling or even appreciably changing its temperature. This makes water a suitable medium for heat exchange in calorimetry.
Utilizing calorimetry, heat transport rates to or from a substance are determined. This is accomplished by transferring heat using a calibrated object (calorimeter). Utilizing the calorimeter's recorded temperature change allows us to determine how much heat the process under study transmits.
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Calculate the ph of a dilute solution that contains a molar ratio of potassium acetate to acetic acid (pka = 4. 76) of 2:1.
A solution with a molar ratio of potassium acetate to acetic acid has a pH of 5.061.
Describe acetic acid.Acetic acid, which has the formula CH3COOH, is also known as ethanolic acid, ethylic acid, vinegar acid, and methane carboxylic acid.
Acetic acid, a byproduct of fermentation, is responsible for vinegar's distinctive scent. 4-6% of the acetic acid in vinegar is made up of water.
Acetic acid is a colorless, acidic organic molecule having the chemical formula CH3COOH. Its official name is ethanoic acid. Acetic acid constitutes at least 4% of the volume of vinegar, making it the main ingredient, along with water and other minor components.
pH pKa log
pH 4.76 log ([acetate]/[acetic acid]),
pH = pka + log [acetate/acetic acid]
pH = 4.76 + log ( 2/1)
pH = 4.76 + 0.301
pH = 5.061
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which of the following will change the value of an equilibrium constant? changing temperature. adding other substances that do not react with any of the species involved in the equilibrium. varying the initial concentrations of reactants. varying the initial concentrations of products. both (a) and (c)
Answer: The only thing that changes an equilibrium constant is a change of temperature.
Explanation:
The position of equilibrium may be changed if you change the pressure. According to Le Chatelier's Principle, the position of equilibrium moves in such a way as to tend to undo the change that you have made.
Which explains the change in ionization energy that occurs between removing the first and second electrons from an atom?
The ionization energy decreases because the ratio of the protons to electrons increases.
The ionization energy increases because the ratio of the protons to electrons increases.
The ionization energy decreases because the ratio of the protons to electrons decreases.
The ionization energy increases because the ratio of the protons to electrons decreases.
The following explains the change in ionization energy that occurs between removing the first and second electrons from an atom:-
The ionization energy increases because the ratio of the protons to electrons increases.
Ionization energy, also called ionization potential, in chemistry and physics, the amount of power required to dispose of an electron from an isolated atom or molecule.
Ionization energy is positive for impartial atoms, that means that the ionization is an endothermic process. Roughly talking, the closer the outermost electrons are to the nucleus of the atom, the better the atom's ionization strength. In physics, ionization strength is normally expressed in electronvolt or joules.
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Answer: B)
Explanation:
Help me out asp please thank you
Ca & 2[tex]H_{2}[/tex]O are the reactants in above equation.
What is reactants ?Reactants are the substance(s) in a chemical equation to the left of the arrow. A component that is present at the outset of a chemical reaction is known as a reactant. Products are the substance(s) to the right of the arrow. A material that remains after a chemical reaction is complete is known as a product. The reactants in the equation above are zinc and sulfur, which mix chemically to create the zinc sulfide product.Chemical equations can be written in a specific form. The equation's left side is filled with the reactants, and its right side is filled with the products. An arrow designating the direction of the reaction points from the reactants to the products:reactants→products
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The decomposition of potassium chlorate gives oxygen gas according to the
reaction:
2KCIO3(s)→2KCl(s) + 30₂(g)
How many grams KClO3 are needed to produce 5.00 L of O₂ at STP?
Ideal gas law is valid only for ideal gas not for vanderwaal gas. 6.4g of KClO[tex]_3[/tex] are needed to produce 5.00 L of O₂ at standard temperature and pressure.
What is ideal gas equation?Ideal gas equation is the mathematical expression that relates pressure volume and temperature.
Mathematically the relation between Pressure, volume and temperature can be given as
P×V=n×R×T
where,
P = pressure of oxygen gas= 1 atm
V= volume of oxygen gas = 5.00 L
n =number of moles of oxygen gas =?
T =temperature of oxygen gas =298K
R = Gas constant = 0.0821 L.atm/K.mol
Substituting all the given values, we get
1 atm×5.00 L=n× 0.0821 ×298K
n=5.00÷24.4=0.20moles
mass of oxygen= number of moles of oxygen× Molar mass of oxygen
mass of oxygen=0.20× 32
mass of oxygen=6.4g
Therefore, mass of KClO[tex]_3[/tex] needed is 6.4g.
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Compare and contrast the structure and. Function of hydrostatic skeletons and exoskeletons
Hydrostatic skeletons are composed of a body cavity that is filled with an aqueous solution, while exoskeletons are external body structures composed of a rigid protein material such as chitin.
What are hydrostatic skeletons and exoskeletons?Hydrostatic skeletons such as those observed in flatworms and annelids are composed of a versatile cavity that is filled with water, while exoskeletons such as those observed in insects are not filled with water because they form the outermost layer of the body.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that hydrostatic skeletons and exoskeletons have distinct structures and they are found in different taxonomic groups.
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which of the cardinal principles of radiation protection is most effective in reducing exposure to the technologist during fluoroscopy?
When it comes to minimizing radiation exposure to the technician during fluoroscopy, distance is the fundamental rule of radiation safety.
Which of the following radiation protection ideas is used in the fluorescence imaging room?Anyone standing in the room during the procedure should wear lead aprons, lead barriers, and thyroid shields. By doing this, it will be made sure that both employees and spectators are shielded from the patient's scatter radiation.
Why do lead aprons exist?Everyone in a fluoroscopy room should wear a lead apron, which is the most efficient personal radiation protection method (except the patient). Depending on the energy of the X-rays (kV setting) and the lead equivalent thickness of the apron, lead aprons may reduce the dose received by more than 90% (85%-99%).
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24 g of methane were burned in an excess of air. What mass of water would be produced in the reaction assuming complete combustion?.
If 24 g of methane were burned completely in too much air, the reaction would result in the production of 54 g of water. Since methane is both the simplest form and the simplest alkane of hydrocarbons.
It is crucial to understand the characteristics of such a novel chemical, saturated hydrocarbons. The following list of methane's key characteristics includes: Methane's chemical structure is CH4. With a specific gravity of 0.554, methane gas is lighter than air.
An organic substance called a hydrocarbons is made completely of hydrogen and carbon. Group 14 hydrides include things like hydrocarbons.
(18 g H2O/mole H2O) * (2 moles H2O/mole CH4) * (1 mole CH4/16 g CH4) * (24 g CH4) = 54 g H2O.
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If 8.2 moles of Mg are burned, how many moles of MgO are produced?
8.2 moles of MgO is produced by burning 8.2 moles of Mg.
What is moles of atom?A mole is 6.02214076 x 10^23 of any chemical unit, including atoms, molecules, ions, and others. Due to the large number of atoms, molecules, or other components that make up any substance, the mole is a useful measure to utilize.
Here,
2Mg + 0₂ → 2MgO
Given, 8.2 moles of Mg
Molar mass of Mg = 24.305 g/mol
From the reaction equation ,
We get ,
2 moles of Mg form 2 moles of MgO
So, 8.2 moles of Mg form 8.2 moles of MgO .
We know that ,
Molar mass of MgO = 40.3044 g/mol
So 8.2 moles of MgO is formed by burning 8.2 moles of Mg.
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why are bond angles sometimes slightly less than predicted in actual molecules as compared to what is predicted by the vsepr model?
Bond angle occasionally deviates from what would be predicted by VSEPR theory due to repulsion between the lone pair and bond pair. and geometries are changed by the presence of lone pairs.
What is VSEPR model?
Chemistry uses the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory as a model to forecast how each individual molecule would look based on how many electron pairs will be surrounding its center atom. The two principal creators of the theory, Ronald Gillespie and Ronald Nyholm, gave it the additional moniker Gillespie-Nyholm theory.
The valence electron pairs that surround an atom have a tendency to oppose one another, thus they will arrange themselves in a way that minimizes this repulsion, according to the premise of VSEPR. The molecular shape is thus determined by a decrease in the energy of the molecule and an increase in its stability. According to Gillespie, the electron-electron repulsion resulting from the Pauli exclusion principle is more crucial than the electrostatic repulsion in establishing the molecule geometry.The VSEPR Model's electron groups could have lesser symmetry if one or more of them are lone pairs. The bond angles in this situation typically differ slightly from those for highly symmetric molecules.Thus, bond angle occasionally deviates from what would be predicted by VSEPR theory due to repulsion between the lone pair and bond pair. and geometries are changed by the presence of lone pairs.
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which element has the ground-state electron configuration 1s22s22p3? multiple choice question. n b o c
The element has the ground-state electron configuration 1s² 2s² 2p³ is nitrogen.
The electronic configuration for given element is given as follows :
1) Nitrogen : the atomic number of the nitrogen is 7.
electronic configuration : 1s² 2s² 2p³
2) Boron : the atomic number of the boron is 5.
electronic configuration : 1s² 2s² 2p¹
3) Oxygen : the atomic number of the oxygen is 8.
electronic configuration : 1s² 2s² 2p⁴
4) Carbon : the atomic number of the carbon is 6.
electronic configuration : 1s² 2s² 2p²
Thus, The element has the ground-state electron configuration 1s² 2s² 2p³ is nitrogen.
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please help this is urgent
The ratio of the resistance of wires Y and X is 2:1
What is resistance?Resistance in an electrical circuit is used to calculate the current flow. The symbol for the ohm, a unit of measurement for resistance, is omega. The unit of resistance is named after German physicist Georg Simon Ohm, who looked into the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance. He is credited for creating Ohm's Law.
To ascertain the state of a component or circuit, resistance measurements are frequently made.
Since resistance is independent of length, it stays constant. The term resistivity itself refers to the material's resistance per unit length and unit area.
While the resistance depends on the length
R₁=ρL/A
R₂=ρ2L/A
R₂=2ρL/A
R₂=2R₁
Thus, the resistance of a second wire is twice that of a first wire.
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A scuba diver 40 ft below the ocean surface inhales 95.0 mL of compressed air from a scuba tank at a pressure of 2.90 atm and a temperature of 9 ∘C. What is the pressure of the air, in atm , in the lungs when the gas expands to 195.0 mL at a body temperature of 37 ∘C , and the amount of gas remains constant?
1.553 atm is the pressure of the air, in atm , in the lungs when the gas expands to 195.0 mL at a body temperature of 37 ∘C , and the amount of gas remains constant.
V1=95 ml
P1=2.90 atm
T1=282 K
V2=195 ml
T2=310 K
by applying ideal gas equation
P1V1÷T1=P2V2÷T2
P2=P1×V1×T2÷V2×T1
P2= 85405 ÷54990
P2=1.553 atm
The definition of pressure is force/area. For instance, the weight of the snow divided by the area of the roof would represent the pressure from snow on a roof. Gases are often where pressure in chemistry originates from. Vacuum is the term for the lack of pressure. Since "nature abhors a vacuum," humans have believed that vacuums are both impossible and unnatural for hundreds of years. This isn't really the case.
The amount of pressure units is insane! The torr or mmHg is a common unit. Simply put, this refers to the height of a mercury column. The atmospheric pressure is about 760 torr, or mmHg. You may also see mmH2O, which employs the same notion, but in this instance the atmospheric pressure is around 10.3 mH2O since water is less dense than mercury.
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g explain how to calculate an rf value and what that information can tell you about the success of your reaction. was your guaifenesin synthesis successful?
RF value is qual to the distance travelled by solute over the distance travelled by the solvent.
RF value or the retention value is a physical constant that helps to identify the distance travelled by different solutes that are present in the same solution. This method is generally used in chromatographic techniques, to record the progress of any particular reactions occurring.
In Chromatography RF values are the most basic prerequisite of the experiment. The values that we get from the RF values indicates whether the solute prefers the stationary or mobile phase. With these stationary or mobile phases, RF values are used to determine the polarity, relative masses and also relative stability among other things.
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explain why the intermolecular force is always stronger at the surface of a liquid than in the middle of the liquid.
Water from jordan lake was analyzed for its fe3+ content. A 20. 0-ml sample of lake water was acidified with nitric acid and treated with excess kscn to form a red complex (kscn itself is colorless). The solution was then diluted to 50. 0-ml and put in a 1. 00 cm pathlength cell, where it yielded an absorbance of 0. 345. For comparison, a 5. 0-ml reference sample of 4. 80 x 10-4 m fe3+ was treated with hno3 and kscn and diluted to 50. 0 ml. The reference solution was also placed in a 1. 00-cm cell and gave an absorbance of 0. 512. What is the concentration of fe3+ in jordan lake?.
The concentration of Fe³⁺ in Jordan Lake is = 8.09 × 10⁻⁵ M
What is Lambert-Beer law?The Beer-Lambert Law, also known as Beer's Law, Lambert-Beer Law, or Beer-Lambert-Bouguer Law, relates the attenuation of light to the properties of the material through which the light passes.
According to Lambert-Beer's law, the absorbance of a sample is directly proportional to its concentration.
The reaction that produces a red complex
Fe³⁺ + KScN ⇒ Fe ( SCN )₃ ( red complex )
Concentration of Fe³⁺ in reference sample
= 4.80x10⁻⁴ × ( 5.0 / 50.0 ) = 4.80 × 10⁻⁵M
Reference sample was diluted from 5.0 mL to 50.0 mL
Concentration of 4.80 × 10⁻⁵M has an absorbance = 0.512
Given that Lake sample absorbance is 0.345
Concentration of lake sample :
= absorbance of lake sample × ( conc of reference sample / absorbance )
= 0.345 × (4.80* 10⁻⁵ / 0.512) = 3.23 × 10⁻⁵M.
Concentration of Fe³⁺ in Jordan lake
= 3.23 × 10⁻⁵ × ( 50.0mL / 20.0mL) = 8.09 × 10⁻⁵ M
Solution was diluted from 20.0 mL to 50.0 mL
Hence we can conclude that The concentration of Fe³⁺ in Jordan Lake is = 8.09 × 10⁻⁵ M.
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a 25.0-ml aliquot of an aqueous quinine solution was diluted to 50.0 ml and found to have an absorbance of 0.636 at 348 nm when measured in a 2.50-cm cell. a second 25.0-ml aliquot was mixed with 10.00 ml of a solution containing 23.1 ppm of quinine; after dilution to 50.0 ml, this solution had an absorbance of 0.903 (2.50-cm cell). calculate the concentration of quinine in parts per m
The concentration of quinine in parts per million when the solution had an absorbance of 0.903 is 22.0 ppm.
What is absorbance?
Absorbance is the amount of the light absorbed by the given substance. For quantitative analysis, absorbance can be determined using spectroscopy.
Va1 = 25.0 ml, Va = 50.0 ml, A1 = 0.636, l = 2.50 cm, Va2 = 25.0 ml, Vs = 10.0 ml, Z = 23.1 ppm, Vd = 50.0 ml, A2 = 0.903
where Va1 = volume of first aliquot, Va = volume after dilution, A1 = absorbance of first solution, l = length of the cell, Va2 = volume of second aliquot, Vs = volume of the solution, Z = concentration of quinine, Vd = volume of second solution, A2 = absorbance of second solution.
The concentration of quinine in the given solution is,
C = [A1 * Z * Vs] / [A2 - A1] Va2
C = [0.636 x 23.1 x 10] / (0.903 - 0.636) 25
C = 22.0 ppm.
Therefore, an absorbance of 0.903 has the concentration of quinine of 22.0 ppm.
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a student performing this experiment started with a 0.384 g sample of cu wire, which was dissolved in concentrated nitric acid. after completing the series of reactions, the student isolated 0.367 g of cu. calculate the percent cu recovered by the student
95.57% is the percent Cu recovered by the student
What is nitric acid ?
Nitric acid (HNO3), a colorless, fuming, highly corrosive liquid (freezing point -42 °C [-44 °F], boiling point 83 °C [181 °F]). A chemical used in the manufacture of fertilizers and explosives. Toxic and can cause severe burns. The production and use of nitric acid was known to early alchemists. A long-used experimental procedure attributed to the German chemist Johann Rudolf Glauber (1648) was to heat potassium nitrate with concentrated sulfuric acid. , Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Claude-Louis Berthollet established its chemical composition.
percentage of cu recovered = isolated cu / sample of cu = 0.367/0.384=95.57 %
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which question(s) can be answered from an integrated rate law that cannot be answered by other forms of the rate law? select all that apply.
The question can be answered from an integrated rate law that cannot be answered by other forms of the rate law is 1) how long it will take to use x moles per liter [A] 2) what is [A] after y minutes of reaction.
The rate law defines the relation in between rate and the concentration of the reactants. The integrated rate law describes the reaction at a specific time.
Thus, The question can be answered from an integrated rate law that cannot be answered by other forms of the rate law is 1) how long it will take to use x moles per liter [A] 2) what is [A] after y minutes of reaction.
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Which statement BEST describes how many Chlorine atoms (CI) are needed when making Calcium
Chloride?
Which best describes a rule of animals in the water cycle?.
As said, when they create waste, they aid in the condensation of water vapor.
What does the word "water" mean?Water is a substance that may exist in gaseous, liquid, and different solid phases and is composed mostly of the chemical elements oxygen and hydrogen. At room temperature, it is an odorless, colorless fluid with the important ability to dissolve a number of other substances.
Can one make their own water?Theoretically, this is possible, but the process would be quite dangerous. To create water, hydrogen and oxygen atoms are required. After combining them, you are still left with only individual hydrogen and oxygen molecules molecules.
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a tank holds 26.3 l of oxygen ( o2 ) at a pressure of 20.8 atm . what is the final volume, in liters, of this gas when it is released at a pressure of 2.70 atm with no change in temperature and amount of gas.
280.53 L is the final volume in liters.
Applying the ideal gas equation for O₂
PV = nRT
where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is gas constant and T is temperature
As n and T are not changing
So,
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ ⇒equation 1
now from the question we have,
Given data;
P₁ = 20.8 atm, P₂= 2.70 atm
V₁ = 26.3 L
now we have to find the volume of a gas when pressure is changed.
V₂ = ?
Put values in equation 1
20.8 × 26.3 = 2.70 × ?
V₂ = 20.8 × 26.3 / 2.70
V₂ = 280.53 L
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Series circuits are used in ___________ and some holiday lights.
Series circuits are mainly used in home appliances. They are also used batteries of some electrical devices other than in holiday lights.
What is series circuits?In a series circuits, the electrical components are connected in a series thus in a back to back connection. For example the light bulbs where the second leg of the first bulb is is connected to the first leg of the second bulb and so on.
Resistors are used here to control the current flow and they are also connected in a series fashion. The sum of voltage drops for all the components will be equal to the source voltage. Here we can apply the Ohm's law.
Ohm's law states that the voltage is the product of current and resistance. Series circuit is also used in batteries and in other households such as in refrigerators.
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the values of equilibrium constants for weak acids are typically small numbers, i.e. much less than 1. for example, the ka value for acetic acid is 1.8 x 10-5 or 0.000018. why are ka values for weak acids so small?
The Ka values for weak acid is so small due to Option A and C.
Strong acids must dissociate more strongly in water. In contrast, weak acids are less likely to ionize and release hydrogen ions resulting in less acidic solutions. This equation reveals that the higher the acid is converted from its original form to the ionized dissociated form the higher the Ka value.
A small equilibrium constant or Keq less than 1, means that the chemical reaction favors the reactants and the reaction is proceeding in the opposite direction. An equilibrium constant of 1 indicates that the reactants and products are equal when the reaction reaches equilibrium. Weak acids are only slightly ionized. The acid ionization constant is the equilibrium constant for acid ionization.
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if you spill an acid on your skin you should not attempt to neutralize it with a base, using the enthalpy of neutralization, explain why
An exothermic reaction, the neutralization reaction generates heat. Because a base might worsen skin damage, it should not be used.
Describe the acid-base reaction.
Amphoteric substances are molecules or ions that have dual acid-base properties. Take water as an example. In a neutralization process, an acid and a base combine to produce salt and water.
How does an acid get neutralized by a base?
The concentration of H3O+ ions in the solution is reduced by adding a base. Chemically speaking, an acid and a base are opposites. An acidic solution moves away from the center of the pH scale and becomes less acidic as a base is introduced. This process of neutralizing acid is known as.
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a 97.0 ml aliquot of a 0.400 m stock solution must be diluted to 0.100 m. assuming the volumes are additive, how much water should be added?
a 97.0 ml aliquot of a 0.400 m stock solution must be diluted to 0.100 m. assuming the volumes are additive.388mL water should be added
What is a stock solution?A particular kind of homogenous mixture made up of two or more substances is known as a solution. A solute is a substance that has been dissolved in a solvent, which is the other substance in the mixture. Chemical polarity effects are engaged in the mixing of a solution at a scale that leads to interactions that are unique to solvation. When the solvent makes up a significant portion of the combination, as is frequently the case, the solution typically has the condition of the solvent. The concentration of a solution, which measures how much solute is present in a specific volume of solution or solvent, is one crucial parameter. When water is one of the solvents, the phrase "aqueous solution" is used.
By using the law of equivalence
M1 V1= M2V2
aliquot=stock solution
97.0 x 0.400 = 0.100 x V2
V2=388mL
388mL water should be added.
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What does one molecule of carbon dioxide contain
Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound made up of molecules that all have one carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen.
What does a molecule of carbon dioxide contain?Carbon dioxide is relaxed of one carbon atom covalently bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is a gas (at standard temperature and pressure) that is expired by animals and utilized by plants during photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide, CO2, is a chemical compound claim of two oxygen atoms and one carbon atom. Carbon dioxide is a one-carbon compound with the formula CO2 in which the carbon is nuts about to each oxygen atom by a double bond. A molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2) is made up of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. Carbon dioxide is the main greenhouse gas that helps to trap heat.
So we can conclude that Carbon dioxide is a molecule with the molecular formula CO2. The linear molecule comprises a carbon atom that is doubly bonded to two oxygen atoms.
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what phase change occurs at temperatures below the boiling point and only at the surface of a liquid?
Answer: evaporation
Explanation:
There are two ways to culture bacteria in a school laboratory: as colonies on an agar gel plate, or in a... what?
A medical professional takes a little sample of anything from your body for a bacteria culture test.
What is bacteria culture test?The sample area is determined by your symptoms and the infection that your doctor feels you may have. The supplier delivers the sample to a lab. In the lab, specialists use unique methods to purposefully promote any microorganisms in the sample to grow and proliferate.
When the sample arrives in the lab, the personnel there uses particular procedures to encourage the cells to divide and proliferate.
This provides specialists with a sufficient number of bacterial cells for microscopic examination or testing for particular chemical reactions, including susceptibility to different antibiotics. Depending on the type of bacteria, the process can take one to five days.
The lab can confirm an infection if the sample has enough bacteria in it. The lab will inform the medical professional of the type(s) of bacteria that were discovered.
Therefore, A medical professional takes a little sample of anything from your body for a bacteria culture test.
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