To convert the given single precision 32 bit IEEE Floating Point notation to decimal number, we follow these steps:Step 1: First of all, we need to determine the sign bit (leftmost bit) of the given binary number.
If it is 0, then the given number is positive, and if it is 1, then the given number is negative. Here, the sign bit is 0, so the given number is positive. Step 2: Now, we have to determine the exponent value. To determine the exponent value, we need to consider the next 8 bits of the given binary number, which represent the biased exponent in excess-127 notation. Here, the biased exponent is 10000110. Its decimal value can be determined by subtracting the bias (127) from the given biased exponent. So, 10000110 - 127 = 134 - 127 = 7. Hence, the exponent value is 7. Step 3: The remaining 23 bits of the given binary number represent the fraction part.
Here, the fraction part is 01010100000000000000000. Step 4: Now, we need to convert the fraction part to decimal. Step 5: The decimal equivalent of the given binary number can be determined by using the formula shown below:decimal number = (-1)^s × 1.fraction part × 2^(exponent - bias) decimal number = (-1)^0 × 1.1640625 × 2^(7 - 127) decimal number = 1.1640625 × 2^-120 decimal number = 0.0000000000000000000000000000000374637373496114 Therefore, the decimal equivalent of the given single precision (32 bit) IEEE Floating Point notation is approximately 0.0000000000000000000000000000000374637373496114.
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Consider the following algorithm. ALGORITHM Secret (A[0..n−1]) //Input: An array A[0..n−1] of n real numbers minval ←A[0]; maxval ←A[0] for i←1 to n−1 do if A[i]< minval minval ←A[i] if A[i]> maxval maxval ←A[i] return maxval - minval 6. Consider the following algorithm. ALGORITHM Enigma (A[0..n−1,0..n−1]) //Input: A matrix A[0..n−1,0..n−1] of real numbers for i←0 to n−2 do a. What does this algorithm compute? b. What is its basic operation? c. How many times is the basic operation executed? d. What is the efficiency class of this algorithm? e. Suggest an improvement, or a better algorithm altogether, and indicate its efficiency class. If you cannot do it, try to prove that, in fact, it cannot be done.
The algorithm computes the difference between the maximum and minimum values in an array of real numbers. The efficiency class of this algorithm is O(n). An alternative approach could be using a modified version of the divide and conquer algorithm, such as Merge Sort, with a time complexity of O(n log n), which is more efficient.
a. The algorithm computes the difference between the maximum and minimum values in an array of real numbers.
b. The basic operation of the algorithm is the comparison between array elements.
c. The basic operation is executed (n-1) times, where n is the size of the array.
d. The efficiency class of this algorithm is O(n) since the number of comparisons is directly proportional to the size of the array.
e. Suggesting an improvement or a better algorithm depends on the specific requirements and constraints of the problem. However, if we assume that the goal is to find the maximum and minimum values in the array efficiently, an alternative approach could be to use a modified version of the divide and conquer algorithm such as Merge Sort. By sorting the array in ascending order, we can then easily determine the minimum and maximum values by accessing the first and last elements of the sorted array. The time complexity of Merge Sort is O(n log n), which is more efficient than the original algorithm's O(n) time complexity.
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In this assignment you will translate two Java programs into equivalent C programs. You will have to make significant syntactical changes to the methods (including their signature) when translating from Java to C. You must use the approaches described in class for managing, passing, modifying, and returning strings (remember: strings in C are arrays of char). Before attempting to solve the questions, make sure to understand the original programs. Nevertheless, you’re expected to translate the provided code as-is – do not deviate too far from the provided implementations.
in.txt:
Introduction
I've
been
involved
with
XP
for
a
couple
of
years
now
and
where
I've
seen
XP
implemented
properly
it
seems
to
have
worked
extremely
well.
But
there
does
seem
to
be
an
awful
lot
of
opponents
to
XP
in
the
industry
and
this
baffles
my
colleagues
and
I
at
eXoftware.
To
us
XP
is
just
a
better
way
of
producing
code
and
we
just
can't
imagine
any
coding
shop
not
wanting
to
produce
better
code.
We
think
that
the
reason
some
people
and
organisations
are
antagonistic
to
XP
(and
the
arguments
do
get
very
heated
sometimes)
is
culture.
Their
cultures
simply
don't
allow
practices
such
as
those
proposed
by
XP.
Organisational
culture
Organisational
culture
can
be
defined
as
"the
predominating
attitudes
and
behaviour
that
characterise
the
functioning
of
the
organisation".
Organisational
culture
tells
how
and
what
to
do
to
succeed
within
the
company
but
where
does
culture
come
from?
Determination
of
culture
The
culture
of
an
organisation
is
shaped
by
its
management.
All
the
way
from
the
top
down,
the
types
of
behaviour
exhibited
and
encouraged
by
leadership
largely
determine
the
attitudes
and
behaviour
of
the
staff.
These
are
the
people
with
the
most
influence
in
the
organisation
and
therefore,
their
personalities
have
the
most
influence
on
the
organisation's
culture.
In
my
experience
I
have
come
across
two
basic
types
of
culture
that,
just
for
the
sake
of
it,
I
will
call
emergent
and
enforced.
These
we
can
consider
the
extremes
and
recognise
that
there
is
a
continuum
of
different
cultural
mixes
in
between
them.
Emergent
cultures
can
be
characterised
by
open
communication
and
flexible
team
structures.
Because
of
the
openness
of
the
communication
practiced
in
this
type
of
culture,
employees
are
allowed,
and
indeed
encouraged,
to
contribute
toward
the
development
of
the
organisation's
culture.
Employees
are
encouraged
to
work
together
in
collaboration
and
responsibilities
are
collectively
owned.
Innovation
and
learning
are
supported
and
new
ideas
quickly
become
part
of
the
system.
This
leads
to
flexibility
and
adaptability
to
change.
The
diagram
below
shows
how,
in
an
emergent
culture,
employees
can
influence
the
organisational
culture
just
as
much
as
management.
Thus,
although
the
leaders
of
the
organisation
have
the
power
of
veto,
the
organisational
culture
emerges
from
the
mix
of
their
beliefs
and
attitudes
and
those
of
the
employees
too,
hence
the
term
emergent.
Enforced
cultures,
on
the
other
hand,
can
be
typified
by
rigid
hierarchical
structures
with
an
emphasis
on
strict
procedures
and
feedback
only
occurring
through
formal
lines
of
communication.
They
tend
to
be
bureaucracies
where
the
emphasis
is
on
compliance
with
the
rules
and
preserving
the
status
quo.
Other
characteristics
are
individual
responsibilities,
blame
and
a
climate
of
fear.
The
second
diagram
shows
that
in
the
enforced
culture,
management
has
the
sole
influence
on
the
organisation's
culture
and
there
is
no
mechanism
for
feedback
from
the
employees.
In
practice,
of
course,
such
mechanisms
do
exist,
usually
in
the
form
of
a
complaints
procedure
and
even
in
some
circumstances,
the
existence
of
a
trade
union
or
professional
association.
These
are
sometimes
the
only
way
for
employees
to
communicate
with
higher
levels
in
the
hierarchy.
So
this
is
a
culture
that
is
determined
by
management
and
enforced
as
a
means
of
controlling
the
employees.
Additionally,
since
culture
determines
the
behaviour
of
the
employees,
it
has
a
direct
influence
on
their
productivity
because
the
ways
in
which
they
are
allowed
to
work
affect
their
ability
to
succeed.
We
can
say
then,
that
organisational
culture
is
a
reflection
of
the
beliefs
and
attitudes
of
the
organisation's
leaders.
Since
an
individual's
attitudes
and
beliefs
are
part
of
his
personality,
organisational
culture
is
a
reflection
of
the
personalities
of
the
organisation's
leaders.
Question 2: Levenshtein
Take the recursive Java program Levenshtein.java and convert it to the equivalent C program.
Here's the equivalent C program for the Levenshtein algorithm, which calculates the minimum number of edits (insertions, deletions, or substitutions) required to transform one string into another:
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int min (int a, int b, int c) {
if (a < b && a < c) {
return a;
} else if (b < c) {
return b;
} else {
return c;
}
}
int levenshtein(char* s, char* t) {
int m = strlen(s);
int n = strlen(t);
int dp[m + 1][n + 1];
for (int i = 0; i <= m; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j <= n; j++) {
if (i == 0) {
dp[i][j] = j;
} else if (j == 0) {
dp[i][j] = i;
} else if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];
} else {
dp[i][j] = 1 + min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j], dp[i - 1][j - 1]);
}
}
}
return dp[m][n];
}
int main() {
char s[] = "kitten";
char t[] = "sitting";
int distance = levenshtein(s, t);
printf("Levenshtein distance: %d\n", distance);
return 0;
}
```
This C program uses a dynamic programming approach to calculate the Levenshtein distance between two strings `s` and `t`. The `levenshtein` function takes two char arrays as input and returns an integer representing the minimum number of edits required. The `min` function is a helper function used to find the minimum of three integers.
In the `main` function, an example is provided where `s` is set to "kitten" and `t` is set to "sitting". The Levenshtein distance between these two strings is then calculated and printed.
Note: The above C program assumes that the maximum length of the input strings `s` and `t` is known in advance. In practice, you would need to ensure that the input strings do not exceed the maximum length to avoid buffer overflow issues.
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Consider a program that performs the following steps repeatedly:
1. Use the CPU for 4 milliseconds.
2. Issue in I/O to disk for 14 milliseconds.
3. Use the CPU for 10 milliseconds.
4. Issue an I/O to the network for 18 milliseconds.
Assume that each step depends on data obtained from the previous step (e.g., step 3 cannot start before step 2 is completed.
Answer the following questions:
(a) Draw 3 time-line diagrams (time on the x-axis and utilization on the y-axis) that illustrate the utilizations of the CPU, disk, and network over the execution of two iterations of the program above.
(b) What are the average utilizations of the CPU, disk and network over these two iterations?
(c & d) Assume that there are two independent processes of the program above running in a multiprogramming system (i.e., when a process blocks for I/O, another process can get the CPU), answer parts (a) and (b) for this case showing which part belongs to which process. You can ignore the time spent in context switching
The average utilizations of the CPU, disk and network over these two iterations is 14.29%, 0% and 32.14%.
We are given that;
Time of CPU usage= 4millisecond
Now,
The average utilizations of the CPU, disk and network over these two iterations are:
- CPU: (4+10) / (4+14+10+18) * 100% = 14.29%
- Disk: 14 / (4+14+10+18) * 100% = 25%
- Network: 18 / (4+14+10+18) * 100% = 32.14%
The average utilizations of the CPU, disk and network over these two iterations for each process are:
- Process 1:
- CPU: (4+10) / (4+14+10+18) * 100% = 14.29%
- Disk: 14 / (4+14+10+18) * 100% = 25%
- Network: 0%
- Process 2:
- CPU: (4+10) / (4+14+10+18) * 100% = 14.29%
- Disk: 0%
- Network: 18 / (4+14+10+18) * 100% = 32.14%
Therefore, by programming the answer will be 14.29%, 0% and 32.14%.
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How do argc and argv variables get set if the program is called from the terminal and what values do they get set with?
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
return(0);
}
Q2
Order the following set of functions by growing fastest to growing slowest as N increases. For example, given(1) ^, (2) !, we should order (1), (2) because ^ grows faster than !.
(1)N
(2)√N
(3)N^2
(4)2/N
(5)1024
(6)log (N/4)
(7)N log (N/2)
Q3
A program takes 35 seconds for input size 20 (i.e., n=20). Ignoring the effect of constants, approximately how much time can the same program be expected to take if the input size is increased to 100 given the following run-time complexities, respectively? Why?
a. O(N)
b. O(N + log N)
c. O(2^N)1
Reason (1-5 sentences or some formulations):
The program's runtime grows exponentially with the input size, so even a small increase in N can lead to a substantial increase in runtime.
How are argc and argv variables set when the program is called from the terminal and what values do they receive? Order the given functions by their growth rate as N increases. Predict the approximate runtime increase for the same program with an increased input size based on the provided complexities.argc and argv variables are automatically set when a program is called from the terminal.
argc (argument count) represents the number of command-line arguments passed to the program, including the program name itself.
argv (argument vector) is an array of strings that contains the command-line arguments.
The values of argc and argv depend on how the program is executed from the terminal, and they are set by the operating system.
Ordering the functions by growing fastest to growing slowest as N increases:
(4) 2/N, (6) log(N/4), (3) N² , (7) N log(N/2), (2) √N, (1) N, (5) 1024
Approximate time for the same program with increased input size to 100:
The time would be approximately 5 times longer since the input size increases by a factor of 5 (100/20).O(N + log N): The time would be approximately 5 times longer because the logarithmic term has a much smaller impact compared to the linear term.The time would be significantly longer as the input size increases.
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Assuming that we have a password of 10 characters, each character is encoded using a 7-bit ASCII code. Also, assuming the availability of a password file of 2 10
passwords, a dictionary of 2 20
possible passwords, and a probability of 0.125 the password is in the dictionary. Answer the following: 1. If no dictionary is available, how many passwords must be tested (expected work) to 2. If we are attacking a specific account, what is the expected work if the dictionary is available? A. 2 7
B. 2 10
−.2 17
D. 2 70
None of the answers is correct 3. If we are attacking any account without a dictionary, what is the expected work if salt is used? A. 2 70
B. 2 69
C. 2 17
D. 2 10
E. None of the answers is correct 4. If we are attacking any account without a dictionary, what is the expected work if salt is not used? A. 2 60
2 70
C.2 69
1. If no dictionary is available, the number of passwords that must be tested (expected work) can be calculated as [tex]2^{70}[/tex]. This is because each character of the password has [tex]2^{128}[/tex] possible combinations, and since the password has 10 characters, the total number of possible passwords is [tex]2^{70}[/tex].
2. If we are attacking a specific account and the dictionary is available, the expected work would be [tex]2^{17}[/tex]. This is because the probability of the password being in the dictionary is 0.125, which means there is a 1 in 8 chance that the password is in the dictionary. Therefore, the expected work is 1/0.125 = 8, and since there are [tex]2^{10}[/tex] possible passwords, the expected work is [tex]2^{10} / 8 = 2^{17}[/tex].
3. If we are attacking any account without a dictionary and salt is used, the expected work would be [tex]2^{70}[/tex]. Salt is a random value added to each password before hashing, which increases the complexity of the password-cracking process. It means that even if two accounts have the same password, the salt makes the hashed passwords different. Therefore, the attacker would need to test all possible passwords, resulting in an expected work of [tex]2^{70}[/tex].
4. If we are attacking any account without a dictionary and salt is not used, the expected work would be [tex]2^{60}[/tex]. Without salt, the attacker can precompute the hashes for all possible passwords and compare them directly with the stored password hashes. This reduces the complexity compared to the salted case, resulting in an expected work of [tex]2^{60}[/tex].
In summary:
1. If no dictionary is available: [tex]2^{70}[/tex] passwords must be tested.
2. If attacking a specific account with a dictionary: [tex]2^{17}[/tex] expected work.
3. If attacking any account with salt: [tex]2^{70}[/tex] expected work.
4. If attacking any account without salt: [tex]2^{60}[/tex] expected work.
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4. Write and run an SQL statement to update the default value of the newly added column to a different value for certain rows based on a condition using any other column. NOTE: You are NOT changing the values of the new column for all records; you are ONLY changing for the records that match your condition. First, provide the following information: - What is the condition you want to use to filter the rows? You can use any comparison operator. - What is the new value of the newly added column you want to set for those selected rows? Then, write an SQL statement to do it. Your SQL command must do what you said you want to do in the first part of this question. When you run the SQL, it changes the value of the newly added column for the records matching the condition from the default value to the new value. Provide your SQL statement and a screenshot of records in the table using 'SELECT * FOM ;' to show that the value of newly added column is successfully updated for records matching the condition in your report. 5. In this section, you are required to write SQL queries to interact with the database you implemented. Answer each SQL question in this section with the following: - First you provide what you want to do - Provide an SQL statement to do what you want to do and provide a screenshot of results after successful execution of the SQL command a) Write an SQL query to demonstrate the use of SELECT with INNER JOIN and ORDER BY. b) Write an SQL query to demonstrate the use of SELECT with WHERE and IN. c) Write an SQL query to demonstrate the use of at least one DATE function. d) Write an SQL statement to create a VIEW using a SELECT statement with a JOIN. Provide the statement to create the VIEW you want and demonstrate the output of the VIEW using 'SELECT * FROM ; '.
Part 1:
- Condition: Change the value of the newly added column "category" from 'uncategorized' to 'Web Design' for the rows having "id" >= 10.
- SQL Statement: `UPDATE posts SET category='Web Design' WHERE id>=10;`
Part 2:
a) SQL query to demonstrate the use of SELECT with INNER JOIN and ORDER BY:
SELECT posts.id, posts.title, categories.name
FROM posts
INNER JOIN categories ON posts.category_id=categories.id
ORDER BY posts.id;
b) SQL query to demonstrate the use of SELECT with WHERE and IN:
SELECT *
FROM posts
WHERE category_id IN (SELECT id FROM categories WHERE name='Web Design');
c) SQL query to demonstrate the use of at least one DATE function:
SELECT *
FROM posts
WHERE DATE(created_at)='2021-10-01';
d) SQL statement to create a VIEW using a SELECT statement with a JOIN:
CREATE VIEW post_details AS
SELECT posts.id, posts.title, categories.name, posts.content
FROM posts
INNER JOIN categories ON posts.category_id=categories.id;
To demonstrate the output of the VIEW using 'SELECT * FROM post_details;':
SELECT * FROM post_details;
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on that page it describes what citizen-centric reporting is and provides links to the following items you should access: how to construct a ccr (briefly describes what the 4 pages should contain.) view of completed ccrs undergraduate government finance case competition that leads to a winning ccr example
Citizen-centric reporting is a form of reporting that focuses on engaging citizens and involving them in the process of public finance management.
What are the key components of a citizen-centric report (CCR)?Citizen-centric reports (CCRs) are designed to provide citizens with transparent and accessible information about government finances. A CCR typically consists of four key pages:
1. Introduction: This page should provide an overview of the purpose and goals of the CCR, including a clear explanation of the report's intended audience and the importance of citizen participation in government finance.
2. Financial Summary: The financial summary page should present a concise overview of the government's revenue, expenditures, and key financial indicators. It should highlight the most significant trends and challenges, using charts or graphs to enhance readability.
3. Program Performance: This page should focus on the outcomes and impacts of government programs, illustrating their effectiveness in achieving desired objectives. It may include case studies, success stories, and performance metrics to showcase the value delivered to citizens.
4. Citizen Engagement: The final page should outline opportunities for citizen engagement in the budgeting and decision-making processes. It should provide information on public consultations, feedback mechanisms, and ways for citizens to contribute their ideas and perspectives.
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Write a program that displays the name of the founder of the C++ inside a box on the console screen like this. Don't worry about making it too perfect. Expected Output: Do your best to approximate lines with characters, such as ∣,−, and +.
To display the name of the founder of C++ inside a box on the console screen, we will have to use the following terms:a. cout statementb. stringc. for loopd.
charactersAs given, we need to display the name of the founder of C++ inside a box on the console screen. The name of the founder of C++ is Bjarne Stroustrup.The program to display the name of the founder of C++ inside a box on the console screen can be implemented using the below code snippet.```#include using namespace std;int main(){ // declaration of variable string name=" Bjarne Stroustrup "; //displaying the pattern cout << "+------------------------------+" << endl; for(int i=0;i<3;i++) cout << "|" << setw(30) << "|" << endl; cout << "|" << setw(14) << name << setw(16) << "|" << endl; for(int i=0;i<3;i++) cout << "|" << setw(30) << "|" << endl; cout << "+------------------------------+" << endl; return 0;}```This program will give the following output on the console screen:Output:```
+------------------------------+
| |
| |
| |
| Bjarne Stroustrup |
| |
| |
| |
+------------------------------+```Note: Here setw() is a library function in C++ that sets the width of the field assigned to display the output.
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Exercise 5 - Large Integers version 2 - more points for this exercise Modify your previous version to add two large integers and output the result if it is valid. You must utilize functions and here are the three required functions: convert an operand as string to an int array, add valid operands (two big integers as two int arrays), and output one big integer in required format (big integer as one int array). Think about the best way to set up these functions especially how to return result for the add function. Pseudocode is not required, but feel free to use it, especially the add function. Follow the interface below and you must try the following test cases: Enter an expression →1234+72< Enter> 1234+72=1306 Enter an expression −w>987654321+123456789<8nter> n87654721+ 123456789=1111111110 987654321+123456789=1111111110 W 19 digits +1 digit =20 digits (1 and 19 zeros) Enter an express 1 on −−>99999999999999999+ 1eEnter> 9999999999999999999+1=10000000000000000000 11 20 digits +1 digis = averilaw Enter an expreudion _-> 99999999999999999999+1 <हnter> 99999999999999999999+1 = averflow II 21 digits +3 digits = invalid operand(s) Enter an expreselon − - 999999999999999999990+123 Invalid operand (5)
Here's an example implementation in Python that satisfies the requirements:
How to write the codedef convert_operand_to_array(operand):
return [int(digit) for digit in operand]
def add_operands(operand1, operand2):
result = []
carry = 0
len1 = len(operand1)
len2 = len(operand2)
length = max(len1, len2)
for i in range(length):
digit1 = operand1[-i-1] if i < len1 else 0
digit2 = operand2[-i-1] if i < len2 else 0
sum_digits = digit1 + digit2 + carry
result.append(sum_digits % 10)
carry = sum_digits // 10
if carry > 0:
result.append(carry)
result.reverse()
return result
def output_big_integer(big_integer):
return ''.join(str(digit) for digit in big_integer)
# Test Cases
test_cases = [
["1234", "72"],
["987654321", "123456789"],
["99999999999999999", "1"],
["99999999999999999999", "1"],
["999999999999999999990", "123"]
]
for test in test_cases:
operand1 = convert_operand_to_array(test[0])
operand2 = convert_operand_to_array(test[1])
result = add_operands(operand1, operand2)
print(f"{test[0]} + {test[1]} = {output_big_integer(result)}")
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you have been tasked to identify specific information from the host below.
gather the following information by clicking on each host:
GPO
Hostname
domain name
network address
To gather specific information from the host, click on each host to access details such as GPO, hostname, domain name, and network address.
In order to gather specific information from the host, you need to click on each host individually. This will grant you access to important details that can be essential for various purposes. Firstly, you can retrieve information about the Group Policy Objects (GPO) associated with each host. GPOs are sets of policies that determine how a computer's operating system and software should behave within an Active Directory environment. Understanding the GPOs can provide insights into the security and configuration settings applied to the host.
Next, you can access the hostname of each host. The hostname is the unique name given to a device connected to a network, and it helps identify and differentiate the host from others on the same network. Knowing the hostname is crucial for network administration tasks and troubleshooting.
Additionally, you can find the domain name associated with each host. The domain name is a part of a host's fully qualified domain name (FQDN) and identifies the network to which the host belongs. Understanding the domain name helps in managing and organizing hosts within a network.
Lastly, you can retrieve the network address of each host. The network address, also known as the IP address, is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a network. It serves as the host's unique identifier and enables communication and data transfer across the network.
By obtaining this specific information from each host, you can better manage and administer the network, troubleshoot issues, and ensure its security and efficiency.
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When reading an ERD, relationships are read from the Side to the side. 3.Today's relational model no longer needs to focus on the physical models of the past, as today's DBMS take care of that details for us. Instead, our data models focus primarily on the view of the data. These data models are represented in Diagrams.
Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERDs) are a graphical representation of the entities and their relationships to each other. When reading an ERD, relationships are read from one side to the other.
The focus of modern DBMS is on the logical or conceptual view of data, which makes it easier for developers to create and maintain their database applications.A data model is a representation of the organization's data. There are two types of data models: physical data models and logical data models. The physical data model represents how data is stored in a database, whereas the logical data model represents how data is organized and presented to the user.
A modern relational database management system (DBMS) no longer needs to focus on physical data models because DBMSs today take care of those details for us. Instead, our data models focus primarily on the view of the data, which is represented in diagrams such as ERDs. This allows developers to create and maintain database applications more easily.
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Given the following code, how many lines are printed?
public static void loop() {
for(int i = 0; i < 7; i+= 3) {
System.out.println(i);
}
}
7 lines are printed.
The given code snippet defines a method called "loop()" that contains a for loop. The loop initializes a variable "i" to 0, and as long as "i" is less than 7, it executes the loop body and increments "i" by 3 in each iteration. Inside the loop, the statement "System.out.println(i);" is executed, which prints the value of "i" on a new line.
Since the loop starts with "i" as 0 and increments it by 3 in each iteration, the loop will execute for the following values of "i": 0, 3, and 6. After the value of "i" becomes 6, the loop condition "i < 7" evaluates to false, and the loop terminates.
Therefore, the loop will execute three times, and the statement "System.out.println(i);" will be executed three times as well. Each execution will print the value of "i" on a new line. Hence, a total of 7 lines will be printed.
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A program P running on a single-processor system takes time T to complete. Let us assume that 40% of the program's code is associated with "data management housekeeping" (according to Amdahl) and, therefore, can only execute sequentially on a single processor. Let us further assume that the rest of the program (60%) is "embarrassingly parallel" in that it can easily be divided into smaller tasks executing concurrently across multiple processors (without any interdependencies or communications among the tasks). a. Calculate T2, T4, T8, which are the times to execute program P on a two-, four-, eight-processor system, respectively. b. Calculate Too on a system with an infinite number of processors. Calculate the speedup of the program on this system, where speedup is defined as T [infinity]
T
. What does this correspond to?
The speedup of the program on this system is 5/3. This corresponds to the improvement in the performance of the program, as the time taken on a system with an infinite number of processors is 5/3 times less than the time taken on a single processor system.
a. The given information of the time taken by program P on a single processor system is T, 40% of the program's code is associated with "data management housekeeping" and 60% of the program is "embarrassingly parallel".It means 60% of the program can be divided into smaller tasks and can be executed concurrently across multiple processors, and it can be calculated as follows:Times to execute program P on a two-processor system: T2 = (1 - 0.4) T + 0.6T/2T2 = 0.6T + 0.3T = 0.9TTimes to execute program P on a four-processor system: T4 = (1 - 0.4) T + 0.6T/4T4 = 0.6T + 0.15T = 0.75TTimes to execute program P on an eight-processor system: T8 = (1 - 0.4) T + 0.6T/8T8 = 0.6T + 0.075T = 0.675TTherefore, the times to execute program P on a two-, four-, eight-processor system are T2 = 0.9T, T4 = 0.75T, and T8 = 0.675T, respectively.b. The time taken on a system with an infinite number of processors (Too) can be calculated as follows:Too = (1 - 0.4)T + 0.6T / infinity = 0.6TTherefore, the time taken on a system with an infinite number of processors is 0.6T.The speedup of the program on this system can be calculated as:T [infinity]
T= T / Too= T / 0.6T= 5/3
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Convert this C++20 code to Java or Python code:
long long solve(int N, vector from, vector to, vector weight, int k){ //C++20
vector>> adj(N);
for (int i = 0; i < N-1; ++i){ // build adj
adj[from[i]].emplace_back(to[i], weight[i]);
adj[to[i]].emplace_back(from[i], weight[i]);
}
function(int,int)> dfs = [&](int cur, int parent){
array ans{};
vector take, skip, diff;
for (auto& [next, w] : adj[cur]) if (parent != next){
auto [not_full, full] = dfs(next, cur);
take.push_back(not_full + w);
skip.push_back(full);
diff.push_back(take.back() - skip.back());
}
int n = int(diff.size());
ranges::nth_element(diff, begin(diff) + k - 1, greater<>());
ans[0] = reduce(begin(diff), begin(diff) + min(k, n)) + reduce(begin(skip), end(skip));
if (n && n >= k){
ans[1] = ans[0];
ans[0] -= *min_element(begin(diff), begin(diff) + k);
}
return ans;
};
auto ans = dfs(0, -1);
return max(ans[0], ans[1]);
}
Sample Input:
k = 1
g_node = 4
g_from = [3,3,1]
g_to = [1,0,2]
g_weight = [31340, 71429, 349913]
Sample Output:
421342
The Java implementation of the provided C++20 code is given below:
import java.util.*;import java.util.function.*;import java.util.stream.*;public class Main { private static final Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); public static void main(String[] args) { int n = scanner.nextInt(); scanner.skip("(\r\n|[\n\r\u2028\u2029\u0085])?"); List from = new ArrayList<>(); List to = new ArrayList<>(); List weight = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { String[] fromToWeight = scanner.nextLine().split(" "); from.add(Integer.parseInt(fromToWeight[0])); to.add(Integer.parseInt(fromToWeight[1])); weight.add(Integer.parseInt(fromToWeight[2])); } int k = scanner.nextInt(); scanner.skip("(\r\n|[\n\r\u2028\u2029\u0085])?");
List>> adj = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) adj.add(new ArrayList<>()); for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) { adj.get(from.get(i)).add(new Pair(to.get(i), weight.get(i))); adj.get(to.get(i)).add(new Pair(from.get(i), weight.get(i))); } Function>, Array> dfs = curriedDfs(adj, k); Array ans = dfs.apply((a, b) -> new Array(2, (i) -> 0L)).apply(0, -1); System.out.println(Math.max(ans.get(0), ans.get(1))); } private static Function>, Array> curriedDfs(List>> adj, int k) { BiFunction>, Integer, Array> dfs = (curDfs, cur) -> { Array ans = new Array(2, (i) -> 0L); List take = new ArrayList<>(); List skip = new ArrayList<>(); List diff = new ArrayList<>(); for (Pair p : adj.get(cur)) { int next = p.getKey(); int w = p.getValue(); if (cur != -1) { Array pAns = curDfs.apply(next, cur); take.add(pAns.get(0) + w); skip.add(pAns.get(1)); diff.add(take.get(take.size() - 1) - skip.get(skip.size() - 1)); } } int n = diff.size(); diff.sort(Collections.reverseOrder()); int minK = Math.min(k, n); ans.set(0, diff.subList(0, minK).stream().reduce(0L, Long::sum) + skip.stream().reduce(0L, Long::sum)); if (n >= k) ans.set(1, ans.get(0) - Collections.min(diff.subList(0, k))); return ans; }; return (start, end) -> dfs.apply(dfs, start).apply(end); } static class Pair { private T1 key; private T2 value; public Pair(T1 key, T2 value) { this.key = key; this.value = value; }
public T1 getKey() { return key; } public T2 getValue() { return value; } } static class Array extends ArrayList { public Array(int size, Function constructor) { for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { add(constructor.apply(i)); } } } }This is the Python implementation of the provided C++20 code:from typing import List, Tuple, Dict, Any, Union, Callable def solve(N: int, from: List[int], to: List[int], weight: List[int], k: int) -> int: adj = [[] for _ in range(N)] for i in range(N-1): adj[from[i]].append((to[i], weight[i])) adj[to[i]].append((from[i], weight[i])) def dfs(cur: int, parent: int) -> List[int]: take, skip, diff = [], [], [] for next, w in adj[cur]: if parent != next: not_full, full = dfs(next, cur) take.append(not_full + w) skip.append(full) diff.append(take[-1] - skip[-1]) n = len(diff) diff.sort(reverse=True) ans = [0, 0] ans[0] = sum(diff[:min(k, n)]) + sum(skip) if n and n >= k: ans[1] = ans[0] ans[0] -= min(diff[:k]) return ans ret = dfs(0, -1) return max(ret[0], ret[1])You can select your preferred programming language for Java implementation.
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Explain the major difference between the least effective hierarchy of controls and the other four controls. Why is it the least effective? Be specific in your response, and include examples of your work environment.
Your response must be at least 200 words in length.
Hierarchy of controls refers to the systematic elimination of workplace hazards to reduce or eliminate risks associated with these hazards.
The hierarchy of control measures follows a systematic approach of identifying, assessing, and controlling workplace hazards to promote safety in the workplace. There are five main types of the hierarchy of controls, including elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment (PPE).
The elimination of hazards is the most effective control measure, while the least effective control measure is PPE. PPE is the last line of defense in the hierarchy of control measures, as it is not designed to eliminate or minimize workplace hazards. Instead, PPE is designed to protect workers from workplace hazards once all other control measures have been implemented and have failed to reduce the risk of exposure.
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Tracey is researching ways to increase the efficiency of a warehouse security service. While researching, she finds an electronic book that contains information relevant to her topic. Which three details should tracey check to make sure the e-book is a credible and reliable research source?.
To ensure the credibility and reliability of the e-book as a research source, Tracey should check the author's credentials, publication details, and references or sources cited.
When evaluating the credibility and reliability of an e-book as a research source, Tracey should first examine the author's credentials. A reputable author would typically have expertise, qualifications, or experience relevant to the subject matter. Tracey can look for information about the author's educational background, professional affiliations, or previous publications to assess their expertise and credibility.
Secondly, Tracey should review the publication details of the e-book. It is important to check the publisher or platform hosting the e-book to ensure it has a reputation for publishing reliable and trustworthy content. Tracey can also look for information on the publication date to determine the currency and relevance of the information.
Lastly, Tracey should verify whether the e-book includes references or sources cited. A credible research source should provide proper citations or references to support the information presented. Tracey can check the references to see if they are from reputable sources, such as academic journals, industry publications, or well-known experts in the field. The presence of well-documented sources adds to the credibility and reliability of the e-book as a research resource.
By considering these three details - author credentials, publication details, and references or sources cited - Tracey can make a more informed judgment about the credibility and reliability of the e-book for her warehouse security research.
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when a file on a windows drive is deleted, the data is removed from the drive. a) true b) false
The statement that "when a file on a Windows drive is deleted, the data is removed from the drive" is False.
When a file is deleted on Windows, the data is not removed from the drive but it is only marked as "available space" which indicates that the space occupied by the file can be overwritten by other data. The file data is still present on the hard drive until it is overwritten by other data.
Therefore, it's possible to recover deleted files using recovery software. The data recovery software can easily restore files by scanning the available space to locate the deleted files.However, if the space is overwritten by another file, the original data will be permanently deleted and it will be impossible to recover the file. So, to prevent this from happening, it's advisable to avoid writing new files to the drive until you've recovered the lost files.
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Whind 1 a frid andirs 1 take the andened Tare yesina irane tre kroboind. if aiar a Mists fir de hatfere thedietanis andiert afuint terist. whoult the wintithoud te ots. thaniat be: Woutd you take to input walue rof f hal amounc? (yes ino) would yuu thke to anpet yatee for initial principol ansunt? (yes/nd) yes theer value for instiat princigal a0dunt. 10nos woutd yoi tike to anput value tar rate- of interest? (yesfoo\} yes. Lnter value for fate of interese. 3.ERF Mould you 1he to inpat yalee fer number of years? \{yesfno\} Yed citer yitwe ror yeara:1 5 Run2: mould you like to input value for. final anount? (yes/no) yes tintar valie for finat anount it 11797 . D6 Woulif you tike to input yatue for init 1 at prineipal asmauef? (Yet/no) Mould you the to input value for rate of interest? (yes/no) yes knter value for rate of interest t 4 、 7 और Whate you likn to dripec valie for masber of years? ( fos yes Enter value for years 1 क)
Based on the given information, the user wants to calculate the final amount after a certain number of years using a given initial principal amount and interest rate. The provided values are an initial principal amount of $10, a rate of interest of 3%, and a duration of 5 years. The user also inputs a final amount of $11,797.
Initial Principal Amount: $10Rate of Interest: 3%Duration: 5 yearsFinal Amount: $11,797Steps to calculate the final amount:
1. Multiply the initial principal amount by the rate of interest (expressed as a decimal): $10 * 0.03 = $0.30.
2. Add the calculated interest to the initial principal amount: $10 + $0.30 = $10.30.
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the remaining years (4 years left in this case):
Year 1: $10.30 * 0.03 = $0.31; $10.30 + $0.31 = $10.61Year 2: $10.61 * 0.03 = $0.32; $10.61 + $0.32 = $10.93Year 3: $10.93 * 0.03 = $0.33; $10.93 + $0.33 = $11.26Year 4: $11.26 * 0.03 = $0.34; $11.26 + $0.34 = $11.604. After 5 years, the final amount will be $11.60.
5. However, the user provided a different final amount of $11,797.
6. There seems to be an inconsistency between the provided final amount and the calculated final amount.
7. It is unclear whether the provided final amount is accurate or if there was an error in the input values.
8. Further clarification or correction is needed to determine the correct solution.
The calculation process was carried out based on the provided information, resulting in a calculated final amount of $11.60 after 5 years. However, the user input a different final amount of $11,797, which does not align with the calculation. To reach a definite conclusion, additional clarification or correction is required regarding the provided final amount or any other potential discrepancies in the given information.
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Description ASSIGNMENT REQUIREMENTS: Assignment 3 Directions Quality of craftsmanship is part of the grading. REPORTING FORMAT: Submit your Source Code \& Testing Results as one .txt File (Notepad). Exercise Documentation Format: Exercise \& Assignment Documentation Format Example Assignment Documentation: Example Assignment Document Assignment 3 (10 points): Calculating Distance Traveled Your goal is to take in the direction and the number of steps and direction the user would like to move and then display the distance traveled in km and miles. Your program should have the following: - The name of the program should be Assignment3. - 3 comment lines (description of the program, author, and date). - Add the following to your Assignment 2 program: - Ask the user for the direction he/she they would like to move using the cin statement. Store this result in a variable with an appropriate name. (2 points) - Ask the user for the number of steps using the cin statement. Store this result in a variable with an appropriate name. (2 points) - Create an equation to divide the number of steps by steps per mile (2000: store this value in a constant). Save the result in a variable with an appropriate name. (2 points) - Calculate the distance traveled in kilometers as well. Store this result in a variable with an appropriate name. (2 points) - Display the distance in miles and kilometers and direction the user has moved. (2 points) Exerelse \& Assignment Documentation Fosmat A12 Exereises 6 hmsignments Must be wubitited using the follering format: Use one (1) Motepad Document i -txt? flle. Use fixed font Courier New. Une font size 11 . Your document will have two (2) sections: First the Console Oatput/7esting Results Section followed by the C4.4 Source Code Seetion. See Example Fxereise is Assignment Documescation Feralt. Procedare for Copying Output FRCM Console window INTO a Kotepad Document: 1. R1ace cursor on Console mindow. 2. Right-Cliek to display menu. 3. Select "Select A.1" to highifght text area on sereen. 4. Prens ENTRR key to copy highlighted text to the clipboard. 5. Paste Clipboard into the Notepad Docment. Procedare for Copying Source Code Thos epp file Mundon INrO a Notepad Document: 1. Place curbor on "opp file Window. 2. Press Cerl-a to Select al. text in efp file. 3. Press Ctrl-c to Copy ay. text in epp Itle to the Clipboard. 4. Paste Clipboard into the Notepad Docunent. Txample pesignatent Document: Nuthoes Prof. B. Dater 9/3/ts Hagiganent 4i Retaugant elt Men1: Taxi Tapi Totala
$68.67
$5.98529
$18.931
$113.566
C++ SOURCE CODE: 4 Inclvebe A eense double 72x=0,0625% const double til =0,2; ff. 3rore ehe meal cost. ff Caleulate and totoe the tax:amcant. doubla Eax - Cotit " TAX? 11. Calculate and store the tip ancent. ff Calculate and atore the total bill. double total w cost a tax + tapy ff DJaplay the neal cost, tax amount, tip ff angunt. and total blit on the sereden. rout << eddif cout ee Fotalis is ee total ke endif coture of )
The Assignment 3 requirements involve creating a program in C++ called "Assignment3" that calculates the distance traveled in kilometers and miles based on user input of direction and number of steps. The program should include comment lines for program description, author, and date. Additionally, it should ask the user for the direction and number of steps using `cin` statements, store the results in appropriate variables, and calculate the distance traveled using predefined steps per mile (2000) and a conversion equation. The program should display the distance in miles and kilometers, along with the direction the user moved.
To fulfill the requirements of Assignment 3, we need to create a program in C++ that prompts the user for the direction and number of steps, stores the input in variables, performs calculations to determine the distance traveled in kilometers and miles, and finally displays the results.
We start by creating a program named "Assignment3" and adding comment lines at the beginning to provide a brief description of the program, the author's name, and the date of creation.
Next, we use `cin` statements to prompt the user for the direction and number of steps, and store the input in appropriate variables.
To calculate the distance traveled in miles, we divide the number of steps by the predefined value of steps per mile (2000), and store the result in a variable. Similarly, we calculate the distance traveled in kilometers using an appropriate equation and store the result in another variable.
Finally, we display the distance traveled in miles and kilometers, along with the direction the user has moved, using the `cout` statement.
By following these steps and implementing the required code, we can successfully create a program that calculates and displays the distance traveled based on user input.
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Enhance your program from Exercise 20 by first telling the user the minimum monthly payment and then prompting the user to enter the monthly payment. Your last payment might be more than the remaining loan amount and interest on it. In this case, output the loan amount before the last payment and the actual amount of the last payment. Also, output the total interest paid.
Reference: When you borrow money to buy a house, a car, or for some other purpose, you repay the loan by making periodic payments over a certain period of time. Of course, the lending company will charge interest on the loan. Every periodic payment consists of the interest on the loan and the payment toward the principal amount. To be specific, suppose that you borrow $1000 at the interest rate of 7.2% per year and the payments are monthly. Suppose that your monthly payment is $25. Now, the interest is 7.2% per year and the payments are monthly, so the interest rate per month is 7.2/12= 0.6%. The first month’s interest on $1000 is 1000 × 0.006 = 6. Because the payment is $25 and interest for the first month is $6, the payment toward the principal amount is 25 – 6 = 19. This means after making the first payment, the loan amount is 1000 – 19 = 981. For the second payment, the interest is calculated on $981. So the interest for the second month is 981 × 0.006 = 5.886, that is, approximately $5.89. This implies that the payment toward the principal is 25 – 5.89= 19.11 and the remaining balance after the second payment is 981 – 19.11 = 961.89. This process is repeated until the loan is paid. Write a program that accepts as input the loan amount, the interest rate per year, and the monthly payment. (Enter the interest rate as a percentage. For example, if the interest rate is 7.2% per year, then enter 7.2.) The program then outputs the number of months it would take to repay the loan. (Note that if the monthly payment is less than the first month’s interest, then after each payment, the loan amount will increase. In this case, the program must warn the borrower that the monthly payment is too low, and with this monthly payment, the loan amount could not be repaid.)
The enhanced program prompts the user to enter the loan amount, interest rate per year, and monthly payment. It then calculates the minimum monthly payment and informs the user. The program proceeds to accept the user's monthly payment input. If the last payment is more than the remaining loan amount and interest, it outputs the loan amount before the last payment and the actual amount of the last payment. Additionally, it displays the total interest paid.
In the enhanced program, the user is first asked to input the loan amount and interest rate per year. With this information, the program calculates the minimum monthly payment based on the loan amount and interest rate. The minimum monthly payment is the sum of the interest on the loan and the payment towards the principal amount.
After displaying the minimum monthly payment to the user, the program prompts for the user's monthly payment input. If the user's last payment is larger than the remaining loan amount and interest, it means the loan can be fully repaid. In this case, the program outputs the loan amount before the last payment and the actual amount of the last payment.
Furthermore, the program calculates and displays the total interest paid over the loan repayment period. This provides the user with information on the overall cost of the loan in terms of interest.
By enhancing the program in this way, it provides more comprehensive information to the user, including the minimum monthly payment, the loan amount before the last payment, the actual amount of the last payment, and the total interest paid. This helps the user make informed decisions about loan repayment.
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11. Who is considered a knowledge worker? Will you have a career as a knowledge worker? Explain.
12. When would a business use mobile computing or web-based information systems in their operations? Discuss an example of a business function that could be implemented on each platform, and explain why that platform would be preferred over the other platform.
13. TPSs are usually used at the boundaries of the organization. What are boundaries in this context? Give three examples of boundaries.
A knowledge worker is an individual who works primarily with knowledge, particularly in a professional context.
11. A knowledge worker's job requires a high degree of expertise, education, and skills, as well as the ability to think critically and creatively. If you work in a field that involves research, analysis, or other knowledge-based activities, you are likely to be a knowledge worker. Many jobs require knowledge workers, including scientists, engineers, doctors, lawyers, and accountants. If you are interested in pursuing a career as a knowledge worker, you will need to develop your knowledge, skills, and expertise in your chosen field.
12. Businesses would use mobile computing or web-based information systems in their operations when they require to streamline their processes and improve their efficiency. An example of a business function that could be implemented on each platform is given below:
Mobile Computing: A business can use mobile computing to track employees' location and send notifications. This can be useful for delivery companies, food delivery, and transportation companies that require to keep track of their employees' movement and scheduling. In addition, mobile computing can be used to make sure that customer-facing businesses like restaurants and retail stores can take payments on the go.
Web-based Information Systems: Businesses that manage a large number of clients may benefit from using web-based information systems to store customer data and track orders. This can be useful for businesses that require to manage customer relationships like e-commerce stores or subscription services. In addition, web-based information systems can be used to make sure that customer-facing businesses like restaurants and retail stores can take payments on the go.
13. Boundaries in the context of TPS are the points at which the system interacts with the external environment. For example, when a transaction occurs, the boundary is where the data is entered into the system and then passed on to other systems or applications. The boundaries of an organization can be physical, such as the walls of a building or geographical boundaries. They can also be conceptual, such as the separation between different departments within a company. The three examples of boundaries are as follows: Physical Boundaries: The walls of a factory or office building are examples of physical boundaries. In addition, a shipping company might have to deal with geographical boundaries when transporting goods between countries or continents. Conceptual Boundaries: Different departments within a company might have different conceptual boundaries. For example, the sales department may have different priorities and objectives than the finance department. External Boundaries: These are the points at which the system interacts with the external environment. An example of an external boundary is when a transaction is initiated by a customer or a vendor.
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Consider the following class definition: class GeometricSequence: def _init_(self, first_term =1, common_ratio =2,n=5 ): self.first_term = first_term self.common_ratio = common_ratio self.number_of_terms =n def _iter__(self): return Geometriciterator(self.first_term, self. common_ratio, self.number_of_terms) The GeometricSequence class provides a list of numbers in a Geometric sequence. In a Geometric Sequence, each term is found by multiplying the previous term by a constant. In general, we can write a geometric sequence as a, a∗r,a∗r ∧
2,a∗r ∧
3 where a defines the first term and r defines the common ratio. Note that r must not be equal to 0 . For example, the following code fragment: sequence = GeometricSequence (2,3,5) for num in sequence: print(num, end =" ") produces: 261854162 (i.e. 2,2∗3,2∗3∗3, and so on) The above sequence has a factor of 3 between each number. The initial number is 2 and there 5 numbers in the list. The above example contains a for loop to iterate through the iterable object (i.e. GeometricSequence object) and print numbers from the sequence. Define the GeometricIterator class so that the for-loop above works correctly. The Geometriciterator class contains the following: - An integer data field named first_term that defines the first number in the sequence. - An integer data field named common_ratio that defines the factor between the terms. - An integer data field named current that defines the current count. The initial value is 1. - An integer data field named number_of_terms that defines the number of terms in the sequence. - A constructor/initializer that that takes three integers as parameters and creates an iterator object. The default value of first_term is 1, the default value of common_ratio is 2 and the default value of number_of_terms is 5. - The _next__ (self) method which returns the next element in the sequence. If there are no more elements (in other words, if the traversal has finished) then a StopIteration exception is raised. For example:
The Geometric Iterator class is implemented correctly by following the provided steps. It initializes data fields, calculates the next value in the geometric sequence, increments the current value, and raises a StopIteration exception when necessary. The revised implementation ensures correct functioning within a for-loop.
Given below is the implementation of the GeometricIterator class: class GeometricIterator: def _init_(self, first_term =1, common_ratio =2, n=5): self.first_term = first_term self.common_ratio = common_ratio self.current = 1 self.number_of_terms = n def _next__(self): if self.current > self.number_of_terms: raise StopIteration self.current += 1 return self.first_term * (self.common_ratio ** (self.current - 2))
To define the GeometricIterator class so that the for-loop works correctly, the following steps need to be followed: Initialize the GeometricIterator class and define the data fields first_term, common_ratio, current and number_of_terms in the class using the __init__ method.
The default values for first_term, common_ratio, and number_of_terms are 1, 2 and 5, respectively. The current value is initialized to 1. The next value in the geometric sequence is calculated in the _next__ method and the value of current is incremented after returning the current value of the geometric sequence.
The current value is used to calculate the exponent of the common ratio. Note that the StopIteration exception is raised if the current value exceeds the number_of_terms.
The GeometricIterator class should be as follows: class GeometricIterator: def _init_(self, first_term =1, common_ratio =2, n=5): self.first_term = first_term self.common_ratio = common_ratio self.current = 1 self.number_of_terms = n def _next__(self): if self.current > self.number_of_terms: raise StopIteration val = self.first_term * (self.common_ratio ** (self.current - 1)) self.current += 1 return val
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Copy a Python program called 'python_lexer_student.py' and an input file called 'lab2_test.c' from the lab2 folder on Canvas. The Python program is a lexer which will take an input character stream and convert it into tokens. Read and try to understand the program. Run the program using Visual Studio Code or an IDE/IDLE you prefer. The program will read the input file and print the following output IDENTIFIER(int) at 0 IDENTIFIER(main) at 4 LP(() at 8 RP()) at 9 invalid token on this line at 11 : int main(){ IDENTIFIER(int) at 3 IDENTIFIER(x) at 7 invalid token on this line at 8 : int x,y; IDENTIFIER(float) at 3 IDENTIFIER(test_z) at 9 EQUALS( =) at 16 NUMBER(100) at 18 invalid token on this line at 21 : float test_z =100; IDENTIFIER(int) at 3 IDENTIFIER(C_id) at 7 EQUALS(=) at 12 NUMBER(3342) at 14 invalid token on this line at 18 : int c_id =3342; IDENTIFIER( x) at 3 EQUALS(=) at 5 NUMBER(4) at 7 PLUS(+) at 9 NUMBER(5) at 11 invalid token on this line at 12:x=4+5; IDENTIFIER(y) at 3 EQUALS(=) at 5 NUMBER(6) at 7 MULTIPLY(*) at 9 NUMBER(7) at 10 invalid token on this line at 12: y=6∗7; IDENTIFIER(return) at 3 NUMBER(0) at 10 invalid token on this line at 11 : return 0 ; invalid token on this line at 1:} Your task is to modify the Python program to fix the invalid token errors and to print the following output with the same input file. \begin{tabular}{ll} Lexeme & Token \\ int & (KEYWORD) \\ main & (IDENTIFIER) \\ 1 & (LPAREN) \\ ; & (RPAREN) \\ \{ & (LBRACE) \\ int & (KEYWORD) \\ x & (IDENTIFIER) \\ ; & (COMMA) \\ y & (IDENTIFIER) \\ ; & (SEMICOLON) \\ float & (KEYWORD) \\ test_z & (IDENTIFIER) \\ = & (EQUALS) \\ 100 & (NUMBER) \\ ; & (SEMICOLON) \\ int & (KEYWORD) \\ c_id & (IDENTIFIER) \\ = & (EQUALS) \\ 3342 & (NUMBER) \\ ; & (SEMICOLON) \\ x & (IDENTIFIER) \\ = & (EQUALS) \\ 4 & (NUMBER) \\ + & (PLUS) \\ 5 & (NUMBER) \\ ; & (SEMICOLON) \\ y & (IDENTIFIER) \\ = & (EQUALS) \\ 6 & (NUMBER) \\ ∗ & (MULTIPLY) \\ 7 & (NUMBER) \\ ; & (SEMICOLON) \\ return & (KEYWORD) \\ 0 & (NUMBER) \\ ; & (SEMICOLON) \\ j & (RBRACE) \\ \hline \end{tabular}Code to modify:
python_lexer_student.py
#code starts here
import re
class Token:
""" A simple Token structure. Token type, value and position.
"""
def __init__(self, type, val, pos):
self.type = type
self.val = val
self.pos = pos
def __str__(self):
return '%s(%s) at %s' % (self.type, self.val, self.pos)
class Lexer:
""" A simple regex-based lexer/tokenizer.
"""
def __init__(self, rules, skip_whitespace=True):
""" Create a lexer.
rules:
A list of rules. Each rule is a `regex, type`
pair, where `regex` is the regular expression used
to recognize the token and `type` is the type
of the token to return when it's recognized.
skip_whitespace:
If True, whitespace (\s+) will be skipped and not
reported by the lexer. Otherwise, you have to
specify your rules for whitespace, or it will be
flagged as an error.
"""
self.rules = []
for regex, type in rules:
self.rules.append((re.compile(regex), type))
self.skip_whitespace = skip_whitespace
self.re_ws_skip = re.compile('\S')
def input(self, buf):
""" Initialize the lexer with a buffer as input.
"""
self.buf = buf
self.pos = 0
def token(self):
""" Return the next token (a Token object) found in the
input buffer. None is returned if the end of the
buffer was reached.
In case of a lexing error (the current chunk of the
buffer matches no rule), a LexerError is raised with
the position of the error.
"""
if self.pos >= len(self.buf):
return None
if self.skip_whitespace:
m = self.re_ws_skip.search(self.buf, self.pos)
if m:
self.pos = m.start()
else:
return None
for regex, type in self.rules:
m = regex.match(self.buf, self.pos)
if m:
tok = Token(type, m.group(), self.pos)
self.pos = m.end()
return tok
# if we're here, no rule matched
print("invalid token on this line at ",self.pos,":",self.buf)
def tokens(self):
""" Returns an iterator to the tokens found in the buffer.
"""
while 1:
tok = self.token()
if tok is None: break
yield tok
#Rules to categorize the tokens
rules = [
('\d+', 'NUMBER'),
('[a-zA-Z_]\w*', 'IDENTIFIER'),
('\+', 'PLUS'),
('\-', 'MINUS'),
('\*', 'MULTIPLY'),
('\/', 'DIVIDE'),
('\(', 'LP'),
('\)', 'RP'),
('=', 'EQUALS'),
]
data = ""
lx = Lexer(rules, skip_whitespace=True)
for line in open('D:\\lab2_test.c', 'r'):
li=line.strip()
# The following will skip the comments.
if not li.startswith("//"):
lx.input(line.rstrip())
for tok in lx.tokens():
print(tok)
lab2_text.c
#code starts here
int main() {
int x,y;
float test_z = 100;
int course_num = 3342;
x = 4 + 5;
y = 6 *7 ;
return 0;
}
To modify the lexer program, you need to fix the invalid token errors and update the rules to categorize the tokens correctly. Here's an updated version of the code with the necessary modifications:
```python
import re
class Token:
"""A simple Token structure: Token type, value, and position."""
def __init__(self, type, val, pos):
self.type = type
self.val = val
self.pos = pos
def __str__(self):
return f"{self.type}({self.val}) at {self.pos}"
class Lexer:
"""A simple regex-based lexer/tokenizer."""
def __init__(self, rules, skip_whitespace=True):
"""
Create a lexer.
rules:
A list of rules. Each rule is a `(regex, type)` pair,
where `regex` is the regular expression used to recognize
the token and `type` is the type of the token to return
when it's recognized.
skip_whitespace:
If True, whitespace (\s+) will be skipped and not reported
by the lexer. Otherwise, you have to specify your rules for
whitespace, or it will be flagged as an error.
"""
self.rules = [(re.compile(regex), type) for regex, type in rules]
self.skip_whitespace = skip_whitespace
self.re_ws_skip = re.compile(r"\S")
def input(self, buf):
"""Initialize the lexer with a buffer as input."""
self.buf = buf
self.pos = 0
def token(self):
"""Return the next token (a Token object) found in the input buffer."""
if self.pos >= len(self.buf):
return None
if self.skip_whitespace:
m = self.re_ws_skip.search(self.buf, self.pos)
if m:
self.pos = m.start()
else:
return None
for regex, type in self.rules:
m = regex.match(self.buf, self.pos)
if m:
tok = Token(type, m.group(), self.pos)
self.pos = m.end()
return tok
# If we're here, no rule matched
print("Invalid token on this line at", self.pos, ":", self.buf)
def tokens(self):
"""Returns an iterator to the tokens found in the buffer."""
while True:
tok = self.token()
if tok is None:
break
yield tok
# Rules to categorize the tokens
rules = [
(r"\d+", "NUMBER"),
(r"[a-zA-Z_]\w*", "IDENTIFIER"),
(r"\+", "PLUS"),
(r"-", "MINUS"),
(r"\*", "MULTIPLY"),
(r"/", "DIVIDE"),
(r"\(", "LPAREN"),
(r"\)", "RPAREN"),
(r"=", "EQUALS"),
(r";", "SEMICOLON"),
(r",", "COMMA"),
(r"\{", "LBRACE"),
(r"\}", "RBRACE"),
]
lx = Lexer(rules, skip_whitespace=True)
with
open("lab2_test.c", "r") as file:
for line in file:
lx.input(line.rstrip())
for tok in lx.tokens():
print(tok)
```
Make sure to save the updated lexer program as `python_lexer_student.py` and the input file as `lab2_test.c`. Then, you can run the program using Visual Studio Code, an IDE, or an IDLE of your choice. It will read the input file and print the tokens based on the updated rules.
The code you provided includes two parts: the Python lexer program (`python_lexer_student.py`) and an input file (`lab2_test.c`). The lexer program reads the input file and converts the character stream into tokens based on the defined rules.
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In your own words (do not copy from the book or from internet) explain what the "outliers" are. Can we delete them from the data set? Are there any cases when outliers are helpful?
The term "outliers" refers to the values in a data set that are significantly different from the other data points. Outliers can arise due to measurement errors, data entry errors, or genuine anomalies.
Deleting outliers from a data set is not always a good idea. While they may be extreme values that do not fit with the rest of the data, they can still be useful in certain circumstances. In some cases, outliers are helpful, and they provide information about a specific aspect of the data. For example, if a dataset is made up of students' grades, and a student got an A+ while all other students got a B, C, or D, the student with an A+ could be considered an outlier.
But, that student's grade may reveal that the teacher was particularly generous with their grading or that the student had a particularly strong understanding of the material. As a result, the outlier can be helpful in highlighting the grade distribution's true nature. In general, outliers should not be removed from a dataset without good reason. Instead, they should be thoroughly examined to determine whether they are valid data points or merely the result of measurement errors or data entry mistakes.
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What are the major types of compression? Which type of compression is more suitable for the following scenario and justify your answer,
i. Compressing Bigdata
ii. Compressing digital photo.
Compression is a technique for reducing the size of a file, making it easier to store and transmit. There are two major types of compression that are used to accomplish this goal, lossy and lossless. Lossless compression and lossy compression are the two primary methods of data compression.
Lossy compression:
Lossy compression removes data that is considered unimportant, resulting in a reduction in file size. For example, reducing the resolution of an image or reducing the sampling rate of an audio file would result in a loss of quality but would reduce the file size. Lossy compression is frequently used for multimedia files like images, audio, and video because some loss of quality is acceptable in exchange for smaller file sizes.
Lossless compression:
Lossless compression, on the other hand, removes redundant data without affecting the quality of the original file. Lossless compression is frequently used for text files and other data files where preserving the original quality is essential because it can be uncompressed to its original size without any loss of data. It's also a fantastic method for compressing data that will be used for backup purposes since it ensures that the original data is preserved.
i. Compressing Bigdata:
For big data, lossless compression is recommended because big data typically comprises a large amount of sensitive information, and the data needs to be maintained in its original form. Lossless compression can be used to compress data without losing any of its information. The compression ratio is, however, smaller than with lossy compression. As a result, it is preferable to use lossless compression to minimize file sizes while retaining high data fidelity.
ii. Compressing digital photo:
For compressing digital photos, lossy compression is preferred because it produces smaller file sizes. Digital photos are frequently very large, and lossy compression can reduce their size while preserving image quality. Lossy compression can selectively remove pixels from images, allowing for significant file size reduction while maintaining acceptable image quality. As a result, lossy compression is the best option for compressing digital photos.
Ultimately, the choice between lossless and lossy compression for a digital photo depends on the desired balance between file size reduction and preserving the visual quality necessary for the specific application or use case.
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You will create a program to simulate an ATM banking machine. Your program will generate a random PIN code constituted by 4 digits, i.e., 1122, 8789, 6109, etc. It will also generate a random available balance from 1000 to
97896 USD.
To generate a pin code, your program should call a function called gen_stab() with no parameters. This function will return the generated pin code. If you wish to create and use more functions in your program, feel free to do so.
The user will be asked to enter his PIN code. S/He will be allowed 3 incorrect attempts before the card is retained in the machine and the program stops. If the PIN code is correct, the user will be shown a menu where he can choose one item: check balance, withdraw amount or deposit amount.
When checking the user’s balance, the program will print the actual balance.
If the user chooses to withdraw an amount, the program will ask the user how much s/he wants to withdraw and then process the request by removing it from the balance and showing the new balance. If the amount is more than what the user has in the balance, the program will show an error message and request a new amount from the user.
When the user chooses to deposit an amount, the program will ask how much s/he wants to deposit and then adds that amount to the balance and shows the new amount.
After any of the previously mentioned operations, the user will be asked if s/he wants to make a new operation.
You should presume that software users have no prior technical knowledge and might not always enter data inside the desired range. Make sure to prompt the user if you believe they are unfamiliar with how the program works. Your programs should not terminate abruptly.
Sample Run of Problem 2:
Welcome to the ATM machine!
Debug PIN: 5434
Debug Balance: 100
Please enter your PIN code (4 digits): 33
Your attempt is incorrect! You are allowed to make 2 incorrect guesses
Please enter your PIN code (4 digits): 222
Your attempt is incorrect! You are allowed to make 1 incorrect guesses
Please enter your PIN code (4 digits): 44You entered a wrong PIN 3 times. Your card has been retained. Welcome to the ATM machine!
Debug PIN: 0786
Debug Balance: 218
Please enter your PIN code (4 digits): 0786
You are successfully connected to the server.
1 - Check your balance
2 - Withdraw money
3 - Deposit money
Please enter the number of the operation you want to do (1, 2 or 3): 1
Your balance is 218
Would you like to do another transaction? (yes/no) yes. You are successfully connected to the server.
1 - Check your balance
2 - Withdraw money
3 - Deposit money
Please enter the number of the operation you want to do (1, 2 or 3): 2
Please enter the amount you want to withdraw: 500
You entered a wrong amount!
Your balance is 218
Please enter the amount you want to withdraw: 18
18 was deducted from your balance. Your new balance is 200
Would you like to do another transaction? (yes/no) YES
You are successfully connected to the server.
1 - Check your balance
2 - Withdraw money
3 - Deposit money
Please enter the number of the operation you want to do (1, 2 or 3): 3
Please enter the amount you want to deposit: -9
You entered a wrong amount!
Your balance is 200
Please enter the amount you want to deposit: 700
700 was deposited to your account. Your new balance is 900
Would you like to do another transaction? (yes/no) no
Thank you for your visit!
This program simulates an ATM machine and allows users to check their balance, withdraw money, and deposit money. The user will have three attempts to enter the correct PIN code before the card is retained.
The program generates a random PIN code and balance using the gen_stab() function. If the user enters an incorrect amount, the program prompts them to enter the correct amount and does not terminate abruptly. Here is the implementation of the ATM machine simulation in Python.
This program simulates an ATM machine and allows users to check their balance, # withdraw money, and deposit money. The user will have three attempts to enter the # correct PIN code before the card is retained. The program generates a random PIN # code and balance using the gen_stab() function. If the user enters an incorrect # amount, the program prompts them to enter the correct amount and does not terminate .
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Making use of wildcards, copy all files, from one directory to another directory, that meet the following criteria : files whose name starts with the letter s, ends with e.txt, and contains a number somewhere inbetween in the filename.
The provided command using wildcard patterns allows you to copy files that start with 's', end with 'e.txt', and contain a number somewhere in between in the filename.
To copy files that meet the specified criteria, you can use the cp command with wildcard patterns in Linux. Here's the command you can use:
cp /path/to/source/s*e[0-9]*.txt /path/to/destination/
/path/to/source/ should be replaced with the actual path to the source directory where the files are located.
/path/to/destination/ should be replaced with the actual path to the destination directory where you want to copy the files.
The wildcard pattern s*e[0-9]*.txt matches files that:
Start with the letter 's' (s).
Followed by any number of characters (*).
Have the letter 'e' followed by any number (e[0-9]).
Followed by any number of characters (*).
End with the extension .txt (txt).
The provided command using wildcard patterns allows you to copy files that start with 's', end with 'e.txt', and contain a number somewhere in between in the filename. This can be a useful way to selectively copy files based on specific naming criteria.
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what is the ultimate goal of a distributed computing system and how does this fit into the ea methodology. the financial justification of ea or any ea or it related project is important to the cio and other it managers. it investment analysis is a crucial and mandatory aspect of ea.
Ultimate goals of a distributed computing system:
1) Connecting Users and Resources .
2) Transparency .
3) Openness .
4) Scalable.
The four important goals that should be met for an efficient distributed computing system are as follows:
1. Connecting Users and Resources:
The main goal of a distributed system is to make it easy for users to access remote resources and to share them with others in a controlled way.
It is cheaper to le a printer be shared by several users than buying and maintaining printers for each user.
Collaborating and exchanging information can be made easier by connecting users and resource.
2. Transparency:
It is important for a distributed system to hide the location of its process and resource. A distributed system that can portray itself as a single system is said to be transparent.
The various transparencies need to be considered are access, location, migration, relocation, replication, concurrency, failure and persistence.
Aiming for distributed transparency should be considered along with performance issues.
3. Openness:
Openness is an important goal of distributed system in which it offers services according to standard rules that describe the syntax and semantics of those services.
Open distributed system must be flexible making it easy to configure and add new components without affecting existing components.
An open distributed system must also be extensible.
4. Scalable:
Scalability is one of the most important goals which are measured along three different dimensions.
First, a system can be scalable with respect to its size which can add more user and resources to a system.
Second, users and resources can be geographically apart.
Third, it is possible to manage even if many administrative organizations are spanned.
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Objectives - Get familiar with different number systems and converting between them. - Instructions - Create a Word document or text file named LastnameFirstname03. - For each number, perform the following conversions. - You don't have to show work, just the result of the conversion is sufficient. - Format your answers in the following ways, points will be deducted if answers are not formatted correctly. - Answers are numbered. - Write all hexadecimal numbers using the 0x notation to differentiate between other number systems. - Write all binary numbers in groups of 4 bits XXXX XXXX - Write all ASCII characters in single quotes since they are characters not numbers, for example 'A' 1. Convert the unsigned 8-bit binary number to decimal: 11011010 2. Convert the decimal number to 8 -bit unsigned binary: 42 3. Convert the hexadecimal number to 16-bit unsigned binary (use the chart in the slides): 0×BEEF 4. Convert the unsigned 16-bit binary number to hexadecimal (use the chart in the slides): 0100101000101011 5. Convert the decimal number to hexadecimal: 125 6. Convert the hexadecimal number to decimal: 0×1AB 7. Convert the signed 8-bit binary number to decimal: 11000110 8. Convert the decimal number to signed 8-bit binary: −46 9. Convert the unsigned 8-bit hexadecimal to unsigned 8-bit binary: 0×80 10. Convert the decimal number to signed 8-bit binary: 127 11. Convert the decimal number to signed 8-bit binary: −117 12. Convert the signed 8-bit binary number to decimal: 00010011 13. Convert the hexadecimal number to the corresponding ASCII character: 0×3D 14. Convert the ASCII character to the corresponding hexadecimal number: ' a ' 15. Convert the hexadecimal number to the corresponding ASCII character: 0×30 16. Convert the ASCII character to the corresponding hexadecimal number: ' Z ' (uppercase Z ) 17. Convert the binary number to the corresponding ASCll character: 01000001 18. Convert the ASCII character to the corresponding binary number: ' G ' 19. Convert the decimal number to the corresponding ASCII character: 97 20. Convert the ASCII character to the corresponding decimal number: ' θ ' (character zero)
Given below are the conversions of various number systems with respect to their decimal equivalents:
1. Convert the unsigned 8-bit binary number to decimal: 11011010
Answer: 218
2. Convert the decimal number to 8-bit unsigned binary: 42
Answer: 00101010
3. Convert the hexadecimal number to 16-bit unsigned binary (use the chart in the slides): 0xBEEF
Answer: 1011111011101111
4. Convert the unsigned 16-bit binary number to hexadecimal (use the chart in the slides): 0100101000101011
Answer: 0x4A2B
5. Convert the decimal number to hexadecimal: 125
Answer: 0x7D
6. Convert the hexadecimal number to decimal: 0x1AB
Answer: 427
7. Convert the signed 8-bit binary number to decimal: 11000110
Answer: -58
8. Convert the decimal number to signed 8-bit binary: -46
Answer: 11010010
9. Convert the unsigned 8-bit hexadecimal to unsigned 8-bit binary: 0x80
Answer: 10000000
10. Convert the decimal number to signed 8-bit binary: 127
Answer: 01111111
11. Convert the decimal number to signed 8-bit binary: -117
Answer: 10001011
12. Convert the signed 8-bit binary number to decimal: 00010011
Answer: 19
13. Convert the hexadecimal number to the corresponding ASCII character: 0x3D
Answer: '='
14. Convert the ASCII character to the corresponding hexadecimal number: 'a'
Answer: 0x61
15. Convert the hexadecimal number to the corresponding ASCII character: 0x30
Answer: '0'
16. Convert the ASCII character to the corresponding hexadecimal number: 'Z' (uppercase Z)
Answer: 0x5A
17. Convert the binary number to the corresponding ASCII character: 01000001
Answer: 'A'
18. Convert the ASCII character to the corresponding binary number: 'G'
Answer: 01000111
19. Convert the decimal number to the corresponding ASCII character: 97
Answer: 'a'
20. Convert the ASCII character to the corresponding decimal number: 'θ' (character zero)
Answer: 48
In conclusion, the question requires converting various number systems to their decimal equivalents, and vice versa.
These include binary, hexadecimal, decimal, and ASCII characters.
The conversions are carried out using different methods based on the number system and format. Correct formatting of the answers is necessary to avoid point deductions.
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Write a C++ program using a NumberSet ADT declared as follows:
typedef int Number;
const int maxSize=10;
struct NumberSet
{
Number items[maxSize];
int count;
};
void numberSetAdd(NumberSet& set, Number num); // adds 'num' to 'set' (if possible); otherwise prints error message and makes no change to 'set'
void numberSetRemove(NumberSet& set, Number num); // removes all instances (if any exist) of 'num' from 'set'; otherwise prints error message and makes no change to 'set'
int numberSetCountLessThan(NumberSet& set, Number num); // returns the number of elements smaller than 'num' in 'set'
int numberSetCountMoreThan(NumberSet& set, Number num); // returns the number of elements larger than 'num' in 'set'
NumberSet newNumberSet(); // returns a new, empty NumberSet
First, write a C++ source file which implements the 5 interface functions above, namely:
numberSetAdd
numberSetRemove
numberSetCountLessThan
numberSetCountMoreThan
newNumberSet
Then, write a C++ program in another C++ source file which uses your NumberSet ADT to:
. try to put the integers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9 into an instance of NumberSet;
. ask the user to input an integer value, and store their input in a variable (e.g. userValue). You may assume the user inputs a positive integer value;
. print out to the screen the number of elements of your NumberSet instance that are smaller than userValue and the number of elements that are larger than userValue;
. try to remove the values 2, 9 and 11 from your NumberSet instance; and
. then print out again to the screen the number of elements of your NumberSet instance that are smaller than userValue and the number of elements that are larger than userValue.
Here's an implementation of the NumberSet ADT and a program that uses it according to the given requirements:
**NumberSet.cpp:**
```cpp
#include <iostream>
typedef int Number;
const int maxSize = 10;
struct NumberSet {
Number items[maxSize];
int count;
};
void numberSetAdd(NumberSet& set, Number num) {
if (set.count < maxSize) {
set.items[set.count] = num;
set.count++;
} else {
std::cout << "NumberSet is full. Cannot add " << num << std::endl;
}
}
void numberSetRemove(NumberSet& set, Number num) {
int removedCount = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < set.count; i++) {
if (set.items[i] == num) {
removedCount++;
} else {
set.items[i - removedCount] = set.items[i];
}
}
set.count -= removedCount;
if (removedCount == 0) {
std::cout << "Number " << num << " not found in NumberSet." << std::endl;
}
}
int numberSetCountLessThan(NumberSet& set, Number num) {
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < set.count; i++) {
if (set.items[i] < num) {
count++;
}
}
return count;
}
int numberSetCountMoreThan(NumberSet& set, Number num) {
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < set.count; i++) {
if (set.items[i] > num) {
count++;
}
}
return count;
}
NumberSet newNumberSet() {
NumberSet set;
set.count = 0;
return set;
}
```
**main.cpp:**
```cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "NumberSet.cpp"
int main() {
NumberSet numberSet = newNumberSet();
// Adding numbers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9 to the NumberSet
numberSetAdd(numberSet, 2);
numberSetAdd(numberSet, 3);
numberSetAdd(numberSet, 4);
numberSetAdd(numberSet, 5);
numberSetAdd(numberSet, 6);
numberSetAdd(numberSet, 7);
numberSetAdd(numberSet, 8);
numberSetAdd(numberSet, 9);
numberSetAdd(numberSet, 9);
numberSetAdd(numberSet, 9);
numberSetAdd(numberSet, 9);
// Asking user for input
int userValue;
std::cout << "Enter a positive integer: ";
std::cin >> userValue;
// Printing the count of elements smaller and larger than userValue
int countLessThan = numberSetCountLessThan(numberSet, userValue);
int countMoreThan = numberSetCountMoreThan(numberSet, userValue);
std::cout << "Count of elements smaller than " << userValue << ": " << countLessThan << std::endl;
std::cout << "Count of elements larger than " << userValue << ": " << countMoreThan << std::endl;
// Removing values 2, 9, and 11 from the NumberSet
numberSetRemove(numberSet, 2);
numberSetRemove(numberSet, 9);
numberSetRemove(numberSet, 11);
// Printing the count again after removal
countLessThan = numberSetCountLessThan(numberSet, userValue);
countMoreThan = numberSetCountMoreThan(numberSet, userValue);
std::cout << "Count of elements smaller than " << userValue << " after removal: " << countLessThan << std::endl;
std::cout << "Count of elements larger than " << userValue << " after removal: " << countMoreThan << std::endl;
return 0;
}
```
You can compile and run the program to test it. When prompted, enter a positive integer value as requested, and the program will provide the counts of elements smaller and larger than that value in the NumberSet. Then it will remove the specified values from the NumberSet and print the counts again.
To know more about program, visit,
https://brainly.com/question/30783869
#SPJ11
