During the first meiotic division homologous chromosome pairs separate. Option D.
Homologous cell pairs exist in meiosis I and separate into chromosomes before meiosis II. At meiosis II, these chromosomes are further divided into sister chromatids. Crossover or recombination of genetic material between pairs of chromosomes occurs in meiosis I, but not in meiosis II.
Cytokinesis is responsible for dividing the cell membrane and cytoplasm to form two new cells. At the end of meiosis I there are two daughter cells. Each chromosome has two chromatids but each cell has only one original homologous chromosome. They are therefore considered haploid. Two sister chromatids separate from each other into two different cells during mitosis or the second division of meiosis.
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bacterial mismatch repair: which protein forms a dimer and scans the dsdna searching for a mismatch?
The protein forms a dimer and scans the dsDNA searching for a mismatch in MutS.
Mismatch repair is the process of correcting mismatched nucleotides in complementary paired DNA strands resulting from DNA replication errors and recombination, and some types of base modifications. Mismatch repair occurs immediately after new DNA is created.
A second complex cuts the DNA near the mismatch and more enzymes cut the wrong nucleotide and the surrounding DNA patch. It describes cells that have mutations in specific genes involved in correcting errors made in copying DNA into the cell. Mismatch repair -deficient cells typically carry many DNA mutations that can lead to cancer.
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_____ on mrna interact with _____ on trna to allow the _____ to connect amino acids in the correct order during translation.
Codons on mRNA interact with anticodons on tRNA to allow the ribosome to connect amino acids in the correct order during translation.
Each amino acid forms a high-energy connection with its corresponding tRNA molecule using the energy of ATP hydrolysis.
tiny RNA molecule For the creation of proteins, transfer RNA or tRNA, is required. Known also as an adaptor, transfer RNA connects the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to the unfolding chain of amino acids that makes up a protein.
Amino acids bind together to create peptide bonds in a certain order dictated by genes. After RNA translates genes into amino acid chains, a polypeptide or protein's three-dimensional shape is determined by the length and arrangement of the amino acid chains.
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the pedigree represents inheritance of a disease through a human family. what pattern(s) of inheritance could be depicted by the pedigree? filled in symbols
The pedigree represent the Maternal inheritance of the disease .
Pedigree analysis was developed to understand the inheritance of genes from parents to offspring. Pedigree represents inheritance of a disease through a human family.
Two types of pedigree analysis are sex-linked pedigree and autosomal pedigree. Study of pedigree is also important in predicting genetic risks. - It is also used for predicting many genetically inherited disorders such as cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia.
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It is possible for rocks to be shaped by forces in Earth. This picture could be described as a/an
joint
fault
fold
ophiolite
Yes, It is possible for rocks to be shaped by forces in Earth. This picture could be described as option B: fault
Does the Earth's interior have any power to shape rocks?Huge forces that are produced by the shifting of the Earth's plates squeeze or pull on the rock in the crust. Stress is a physical force that affects a rock's shape or volume, or how much space it occupies. Rock under stress gains energy. Up until the rock deforms or breaks, the energy is held within it.
Therefore, Pressure and heat are the driving factors in the formation of metamorphic rocks. These commonly happen where tectonic plate boundaries converge.
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What is the sequence of the 5’ end of the mrna transcribed from this prokaryotic gene?.
The bacterial gene that produces this mRNA has the sequence UAGA at the 5' end.
It is possible to think of the process of translating mRNA into tRNA, which takes part in transcription, as the decoding of instructions for producing proteins. The "workhorses" of the cell, which carry out all the tasks necessary for life, are the protein molecules that the genes in DNA encode. Proteins include, for instance, DNA polymerases and other enzymes that produce copies of DNA during cell division, as well as enzymes that metabolise nutrients and synthesise new cellular components.
The simplest definition of gene expression is the production of the gene's corresponding protein, and this complex procedure involves two main phases. Transcription is the process by which the data in DNA is converted into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule in the initial phase. During transcription, an enzyme known as RNA polymerase II catalyses the formation of a pre-mRNA molecule, which is then processed to form mature mRNA. The DNA of a gene serves as a template for complementary base-pairing. A single-stranded copy of the gene is produced as mRNA, which must then be translated into a protein molecule.
The genetic code, which connects the DNA sequence to the amino acid sequence in proteins, is "read" by the mRNA during translation, the second important step in gene expression. In mRNA, each trio of nucleotides is referred to as a codon, and each codon designates a specific amino acid (hence, it is a triplet code). Thus, the chain of amino acids that makes up a protein is assembled in order using the mRNA sequence as a template.
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what soil type contains 50% sand 10% sand and 40% clay
Answer: Loem
Explanation:
The ideal mixture for agriculture is called loam and has roughly 40% sand, 40% silt, and 20% clay. The texture of soil determines its capacities and limitations. Many clay-rich soils are notorious for having poor drainage, high water retention, and substandard building surface potential.What is textual example?.
An example would be that in 1999, out of a factory's total of 5,000 employees, 4,200 were Trade union members.
textual style "Textual form" refers to a text that is conveyed in alphabetical or other understandable characters using any support that allows for reading, recording, and reproduction of the text's information in tangible form.
Textual form refers to a text that is conveyed in alphabetical or other understandable characters using any support that allows for reading, recording, and reproduction of the text's information in tangible form.This approach entails using a paragraph or a series of paragraphs to communicate data.
An inquiry commission's official report is often presented as text.
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When are the genes involved in lactose metabolism in e. Coli expressed and when are they turned off?.
Genes involved in lactose metabolism are found in the lac operon of E. coli. It only expresses itself when lactose and glucose are both absent. For E. coli to metabolise lactose (milk sugar) for carbon and energy, the lactose operon must be expressed.
The lac repressor and catabolite activator protein are two regulators that control the operon ``on" and "off" states in response to lactose and glucose concentrations (CAP). The particular on/off switching of an organism's genes is made possible by the gene regulatory proteins. In order to control the patterns of gene expression that give each cell type its distinct properties, different choices of gene regulatory proteins are present in various cell types.
.
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write the balanced equation for cellular respiration. Explain
how the reactionts get to and into the cells in your
liver and what happens to the materials produced
Carbon dioxide + Water Glucose (sugar) + Oxygen CO2CO₂ + H₂O C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ a sequence of chemical reactions, known as cellular respiration or aerobic respiration, start with the reactants of sugar and oxygen and end with the waste products of carbon dioxide and water.
What substances are generated following the process of cellular respiration?Your red blood cells get carbon dioxide from your mitochondria, Cellular respiration results in the production of carbon dioxide and water, transport it out of your cell, and then deliver it back to your lungs for exhalation. As a result, ATP is produced.
C₆H₁₂ + 6O₂ = 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy (as ATP)
Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (or citric acid cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain are the three primary phases of cellular respiration. While glycolysis can happen under anaerobic conditions, the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation require oxygen.
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biologically active conformation of a protein is called as its native fold or native conformation. select one:truefalse
The native fold or native conformation of a protein refers to its biologically active state. So, the given statement is true.
The native fold or native conformation of a protein is the arrangement of all the atoms contained in the protein in a conformation that is stable and functional. It has unique 3D-structure and it is properly folded and assembled with operative structure and function. This native state of a protein has all four levels of biomolecular structure, with secondary to quaternary structure.
While a denatured protein is different from this, it lacks the appropriate structure to be functional. When native protein loses its biological activity due to change in its physical and chemical properties it becomes denatured protein.
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An organelle is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms
TRUE
or
FALSE
Answer: False
Explanation:
That would be a Cell.
if your parents are heterozygous for a gene, what is the chance that you will have at least one copy of it?
If your parents are Heterozygous for a gene,then you have 75% chance that you will have at least one copy of it.
A diploid organism carries two complete sets of chromosomes and thus has two copies of each gene. However, the two copies may not be identical. Different versions of the same gene are called alleles. A homozygous individual carries two copies of the same allele, while a heterozygous individual carries two different alleles for a gene.
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men who maintain their testosterone levels beyond the age of show better preservation of visual, verbal, and visual-spatial abilities.
Men who maintain their testosterone levels beyond the age of 50 show better preservation of visual, verbal, and visual-spatial abilities.
Testosterone is the hormone present in male. It is produced in the testicles. The hormone is very useful in maintenance of bone density. fat distribution, muscle strength and mass., etc. It is also necessary for development of male reproductive tissues such as testes and prostate.
Visual-spatial ability is the ability to analyze the locations of the 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional figures. A person must be able to tell what the object is, how far or near it is from the person, etc. Some skills do not require any learning but many require some practice such the tying show laces.
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which device would be used to match the striations of an evidence toolmark with a suspected tool? question 11 options: fluorometer electron microscope comparison microscope chromatograph
Comparison microscope device would be used to match the striations of an evidence toolmark with a suspected tool.
Define comparison microscope?
A comparison microscope is a tool used to examine similar specimens side by side. It comprises of two microscopes joined by a optical bridge, creating a split view window that allows the simultaneous viewing of two different objects.
The comparison microscope joins two individual microscopes with a single lens. The microscope's mirror angles enable side-by-side comparison of the views.
Forensic comparison microscopes are used to examine items that need to be identified, traced back to their source, and compared, such as bullet fragments, shrapnel, weapons, cartridge cases, and opaque specimens.
Therefore, Option C is correct.
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Complete question
Which device would be used to match the striations of an evidence toolmark with a suspected tool? Question 11 options:
a. Fluorometer
b. Electron microscope
c. Comparison microscope
d. Chromatograph
Which technology has been commonly utilized by scientists to manipulate heritable information by producing large amounts of identical recombinant dna molecules? gel electrophoresis gene cloning artificial selection restrictive enzyme analysis.
The technology commonly utilized by scientists to manipulate heritable information by producing large amounts of identical recombinant DNA molecules is: gene cloning.
DNA is one amongst the two types of nucleic acids. It is the most prevalent form of genetic material as it is more stable than the RNA. The structure of DNA is double stranded with sugar and phosphate forming the backbone and nucleotide bases emerging perpendicularly out from it and joined together by hydrogen bonds.
Gene cloning is the simply locating and forming multiple copies/ clones of the gene of interest. This technology is extensively used for laboratory purposes as well as for downstream processing at industrial level.
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Answer:
Gene Cloning
Explanation:
its right
Photosynthesis transforms molecules of water and
carbon dioxide into molecules of
A. carbohydrate and oxygen
B. carbohydrate and nitrogen
C. polypeptide and oxygen
D. polypeptide and nitrogen
Do humans depend on photosynthesis?
A: No, humans cannot make food by photosynthesis, so they do not depend on photosynthesis for energy.
B: Yes, all of the food consumed by humans is plants or gets energy from plants, and plants produce their own food through photosynthesis.
C: Yes, but only those humans that avoid meat depend on plants that produce their own food through photosynthesis.
D: No, humans rely on animals for food, and neither humans nor animals depend on photosynthesis for food.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Trust me
phytoglobin is a protein that consists of a single globin sub-unit with one heme group. this globin sub-unit has a similar amino acid sequence as the alpha- and beta-subunits of human hb. by binding up the free o2 in a plant cell, it protects organelles from oxygen damage. which statement best describes the o2-dissociation curve of phytoglobin compared to that of hemoglobin?
Phytoglobin is a protein that consists of a single globin sub-unit with one heme institution the shape of the curves is very specific, due to the fact the sigmoidal shape of Hb's curve is because of the interaction of the four subunits, even as hemoglobin includes only one subunit.
Below regular physiologic conditions, a boom in PCO2 causes a lower pH, which allows for grow minute ventilation and consequently increases alveolar ventilation to try to reach homeostasis.
The curve is typically best described through a sigmoid plot. A hemoglobin molecule can bind as many as four oxygen molecules in a reversible manner. The shape of the curve results from the interaction of bound oxygen molecules with incoming molecules. Hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen increases as successive molecules of oxygen bind.
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At the end of seafloor spreading, where does the molten rock solidify?
center of the ridge
on the edge of the ridge
under the new rock
between the old rock layers
At the end of sea floor spreading, the center of the ridge solidifies molten rock. So, the correct answer is (A).
What is Seafloor Spreading?
Sea floor spreading is a process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then slowly moves away from the ridge.
The rate of sea-floor spreading is greater and faster in the Pacific Ocean than in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. At their spreading rate of about 15 cm (6 in) per year, the entire crust beneath the Pacific Ocean (about 15,000 km [9,300 mi] wide) could be created in 100 million years.
Ridges are new ocean floor being added to Earth's lithosphere, which in turn caused the continents to move apart. Hence, it is called sea floor spreading.
Thus, at the end of sea floor spreading, the center of the ridge solidifies molten rock. So, the correct answer is (A).
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the efficiency of aerobic metabolism is greater than that of anaerobic metabolism even though much more energy is released in aerobic than in anaerobic metabolism because a. aerobic metabolism is linked to oxygen, which is a more powerful oxidizing agent than those in anaerobic metabolism b. aerobic metabolism traps much more energy in the form of atp than does anaerobic metabolism c. aerobic metabolism produces carbon dioxide and water d. anaerobic metabolism produces two- and three-carbon compounds
Compared to anaerobic metabolism, aerobic metabolism retains a lot additional energy in the manner of ATP.
What is the straightforward meaning of metabolism?the alterations in an organism's or a cell's chemistry. These modifications generate the ingredients and energy that cells and organisms require to develop, procreate, and maintain health.
Does weight change with metabolism?You will consume more calories both at rest and when you are active if overall metabolism is "strong" (or quick). You'll need to consume more calories to maintaining your weight if you have a strong metabolism. That is one of the reasons why some people are able to consume more than before without putting on weight.
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a. A more potent oxidizing agent than those used in anaerobic metabolism, oxygen is associated to aerobic metabolism.
b. Compared to anaerobic metabolism, aerobic metabolism traps a lot more energy in the form of ATP.
c. Compared to aerobic metabolism, anaerobic metabolism generates less two- and three-carbon molecules.
A chemical species known as an oxidizing agent, commonly referred to as an oxidant, has the capacity to take electrons from other atoms or molecules.Oxygen is a frequent and potent oxidizer. Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, serves as the main form of energy transport in living cells.
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Portions of eukaryotic mrna sequence that are removed during rna processing are ________.
The portions of eukaryotic mRNA sequences that are removed during RNA processing are introns.
An intron is a region of a gene that does not stay in the final, mature mRNA molecule after that gene is translated and does not encode the amino acids that make up the protein for which that gene is responsible. The majority of the human genome's protein-coding genes are composed of exons and introns.
The most important function of introns is alternative splicing, which enables many proteins to be produced from a single gene. Some introns go through further processing after being spliced so they can encode functional RNA molecules.
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drag the images below into boxes to indicate the correct order of events illustrating the mechanism of antibody-mediated immunity.
B cells are activated and antibodies are secreted when in contact with a pathogen as part of antibody-mediated immunity.
What is the proper flow of events for a T-dependent antigen to activate an AB cell?The antigen is recognized and bound by immunoglobulin receptors on the B cell. The surface of the B cell displays an antigen fragment in combination with MHC class 2. A TH cell's receptor is bound by the MHC-antigen complex.
What phases constitute the development of T cells?T cell progenitors start off in the bone marrow and move through a set of clearly defined and timed developmental steps to enter the thymus, differentiate, go through selection, and ultimately mature into functional T cells.
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FILL IN THE BLANKsingle transcription factor, ____ , is thought to be one mechanism responsible for turning on many peripheral genes in the thymus and promoting the expression of some tissue-specific antigens in thymic medullary cells causing the deletion of immature thymocytes that can react to these antigens.
These cells become activated when cytokines or receptors on dendritic cells bind to pathogen components and communicate their presence.
What do T lymphocytes do?White blood cell subtype. The immune system's T lymphocytes are formed from stem cells in the bone marrow. They may aid in the fight against cancer and protect the body from infection. also known as a thymocyte and a T cell.
What exactly are B and T cells?T cells can eliminate malignant or contaminated cells. Additionally, they control the immune response by assisting B cells in eradicating foreign infections. Antibodies are made by B cells. An antibody is a class of protein produced.
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you are very allergic to ragweed pollen, which gives you terrible hay fever. you remember from your own microbiology class that for you to have a reaction to this allergen every year, you must have become sensitized to it. which step is not involved in or does not lead to sensitization?
The correct answer is (E) these are all the steps which lead to sensitization.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is:-
Following a long and cold winter season, you are anticipating the spring semester, when you will finish your degree in nursing. The sole thing that worries you is that every year in April or May, you catch allergies, which is coinciding with the time of your final exams. Your roommate is presently studying microbiology, so you choose to re-evaluate what you know regarding hypersensitivity with him.
You are extremely allergic to ragweed pollens due to which you get bad hay fever. You recall from your microbiology lesson that for you to develop a reaction to the allergen each year, you should have become sensitized to it. Which of the following steps is not included in or does not lead to sensitization?
A) On primary contact with the allergen, an antibody reaction is actuated in the individual.
B) Helper T-cells stimulate native B-cells, which multiply and undergo differentiation.
C) Plasma cells manufacture IgE antibodies specific to the antigen which commenced the reaction.
D) The Fc portion of the IgE antibody attaches to the receptors on mast cells or basophils, arranged in such a way that their Fab sites are unbound.
E) These are all the steps which lead to sensitization.
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The diagram below represents a cell and the relative concentration of several molecules inside and outside of the cell. Cell with molecules A, B, and C inside and out of the cell Cell with molecules A, B, and C inside and out of the cell Which molecule could only enter the cell as a result of active transport? Choose 1 answer: Choose 1 answer: (Choice A) A Molecule A (Choice B) B Molecule B (Choice C) C Molecule C
Answer:ggg
Explanation:
Why is it important for the surface area-to-volume-ratio of exchange surfaces to be maximized?.
Strong "driving forces" help to hasten thermodynamic processes that reduce free energy when there is a high surface area to volume ratio.
How significant is the surface area to volume ratio for drug exchange?All areas of the cell are easily accessible, and substances can diffuse in and out at a high rate. Larger creatures need transport mechanisms to carry chemicals, like oxygen, around the body to where they are needed because of their lower surface area: volume ratio.
The maximal cell size is determined by the surface area to volume ratio; why?In addition, because larger cells have a smaller surface area, there is less plasma membrane accessible to transport molecules into and out of the cell. This is the reason why cells' surface area to volume ratio.
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The number of copies of an allele divided by the total number of alleles in a population is the?.
The number of copies of an allele divided by the total number of alleles in a population is the allele frequency.
The allele frequency of a gene variant indicates its prevalence in a population. Alleles are variant forms of a gene at the same genetic locus or chromosomal location. An allele frequency can be determined by dividing the total number of copies of each allele at that particular genetic locus in the population by the number of times the allele of interest is observed in a population. Allele frequency can be expressed in percentage, decimal, or fractional form. A population's allele frequencies are a measure of its genetic diversity. Variations in allele frequency over time could be a sign of genetic drift or the introduction of new mutations into the population.
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Which of the following lists the three biomes that tend to have the hottest temperatures throughout the year?
Tropical rainforest, deciduous forest, and coniferous forest
Tropical rainforest, tropical grassland, and desert
Desert, chaparral, and polar habitat
Desert, tropical rainforest, and tundra
The three biomes that tend to have the hottest temperatures throughout the year include the following below and is denoted as option B.
Tropical rainforestTropical grasslandDesertWhat is Temperature?This is referred to as the degree of hotness or coldness of a substance or place and high temperature depicts that the area is hot while a low temperature depicts that the area is cold.
In this scenario, areas such as tropical rainforest, grasslands and deserts have a high degree of sun rays reaching the place or area which is therefore the reason why they were chosen as the most correct choices.
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The three biome that have the hottest temperature through out the year are:
* Tropic rainforest
*deciduous forest
*Coniferous forest
what are biomes?
Biomes are naturally occurring community of flora, fauna and vegetation occupying a major territory.e.g. forest.
what is tropical rainforest?
This is a rainforests that occur in area of tropical rainforest climate in which is mostly wet season.
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Zonation in aquatic zones includes all of the following except the ________ zone.
With the exception of the detritus zone, all are included in the aquatic zones.
Zonation is the division of a biome into various zones in accordance with the species diversity and distribution in that region. The zones in aquatic areas are divided into the littoral, limnetic, profundal, euphotic, and benthic zones.The detritivores are found in the detritus zone. The organisms known as detritovores eat dead and decomposing organic debris from both plants and animals. The littoral zone contains detritivores. However, because it is submerged far beneath the surface of the earth, it does not directly belong in the aquatic zones.Grassy vegetation dominates the landscape. semi-arid environment. There is not enough rainfall or soil fertility to enable extensive tree growth.
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How many alleles can one person inherit for a gene that has 100 possible alleles?.
Despite the fact that humans (and all other diploid species) can only have two alleles for any particular gene, populations may include several alleles, leading to the observation of numerous two-allele combinations.
Where are alleles?Any one of a number of genes that may alternately appear at a specific location (locus) on a chromosomal is known as an allele, also known as an allelomorph. Alleles may exist in pairs or there could be several alleles influencing how a certain trait is expressed (phenotype).
What is the dominant allele?A capital letter indicates a dominant allele (A versus a). The combinations that are feasible are AA, Aa, and aa since each child contributes one allele. Aa people display the recessive trait, whereas children with either an AA or an Aa genotype will have the dominant phenotype displayed phenotypically.
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