El niño affects the pattern of rainfall over months to seasons by redistributing heat and wind across the Pacific. As the atmosphere above the heated water surface warms, moist air rises and forms rain clouds.
Surface waters in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean become significantly warmer than usual during an El niño event. This shift is inextricably linked to the atmosphere and the winds blowing across the vast Pacific. Easterly trade winds (which blow from the Americas to Asia) weaken and can even turn westward. This allows large amounts of warm water to slosh from the western Pacific toward the Americas. It also reduces the upwelling of cooler, nutrient-rich waters from the deep, slowing or reversing ocean currents along the equator and the west coasts of South and Central America.
The air circulation above the tropical Pacific Ocean responds to this massive redistribution of ocean heat. The eastern Pacific's typically strong high-pressure systems weaken, altering the balance of atmospheric pressure across the eastern, central, and western Pacific. While easterly winds are typically dry and consistent, Pacific westerlies tend to arrive in bursts of warmer, moister air.
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high voltage power lines are usually supported by glass insulators. an electric current cannot flow through a piece of glass because
Glass is an insulator, meaning it does not allow electricity to flow freely. This is why glass insulators support high-voltage power lines - to prevent the electricity from flowing through the glass and causing a short circuit.
Glass is used as insulation in what situations?
Before newer materials, such as ceramic and fiberglass, became accessible, glass was a widely used electrical insulator in telephone and power lines. Glass insulators are now more frequently found at antique stores than in regular situations.Glass is a wonderful electrical insulator, but it also has a lot of other beneficial qualities. It is an effective thermal insulator.To learn more about glass insulators, follow the link https://brainly.com/question/27261557
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a bowling ball is dropped from a height h onto the center of a trampoline, which launches the ball back up into the air. how high will the ball rise?
If a bowling ball is dropped from a height h onto the center of a trampoline, which launches the ball back up into the air, the ball will rise to a height less than h.
Some of the energy of the bowling ball is transferred to the trampoline as friction. Also in its motion, there will be air friction. So, clearly energy is lost. So the ball will not reach the height from which it was launched.
Additionally, a trampoline cannot fully provide the velocity with which it reached the trampoline. Because efficiency of any machine is always less than one. So, this is also a reason why the bowling ball cannot reach its initial height.
Therefore, if a bowling ball is dropped from a height h onto the center of a trampoline, which launches the ball back up into the air, the ball will rise to a height less than h.
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a 20 kg loudspeaker is suspended 2.0 m below the ceiling by two 3.0-m-long cables that angle outward at equal angles. what is the tension in the cables?
The tension in the cable is 147N.
Here we have to find the tension in the cables.
The given values are:
Mass of the loudspeaker = 20kg
Height (h) = 2m
Length (l) = 3m
Acceleration due to gravity(g) = 9.8 m/s²
Weight of the loudspeaker = mg
= 20 × 9.8
= 196N
Now according to Newton's second law we have:
TsinФ + TsinФ - weight = 0
T = tension
2TsinФ = weight
T = weight/ 2sinФ
We have to find the value of sinФ
sinФ = h/l
= 2/3
T = 196/( 2 × 2/3)
= 147N
Therefore the tension is 147N.
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Vittorio would like to be able to check whether his shoelaces are tied. Draw the incident and reflected rays showing the light from his shoelaces reflecting off the mirror into his eyes. Again, the rays should meet at the point on the mirror that needs cleaning. (see the hints from part a if you need help. ).
The height of mirror to be cleaned is equal to half the height of the man.
Let the length to be cleaned = x and height = h, distance between mirror and man is p.
The ray from his feet is incident at B.
As it is plane reflection angle RBC = angle IBC
From geometry, angle ARB = θ
From Δ ARB, Tanθ = x/p
From ΔBIC, Tan θ = H-x/p
Equating them,
2x = H
x = H/2
Hence , the height of mirror to be cleaned is equal to half the height of the man.
The law of reflection states that the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface of the mirror, all lie in the same plane.Also, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
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Not Physics : What happens to infrared radiation released by the Earth if there is an increased level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? A.It is absorbed and heats the atmosphere.
B.It is converted to solar energy. C.It is converted to carbon dioxide.
D.It escapes and cools the atmosphere.
Give an Honest answer?!
If infrared radiation is released by the Earth and there is an increased level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, then it is absorbed and heats the atmosphere (option A).
What are greenhouse gases?Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane are well known to increase global warming because they trap the radiation that otherwise will be dissipated from the atmosphere to space.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that greenhouse gases are associated with global warming and it is the reason for which the dramatic increase in carbon dioxide levels may be dangerous.
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Decribe the 2 main tep in protein ynthei, along with the key molecule involved in the proce
The two main steps of protein synthesis and the key molecules involved in the process are:
Transcription - DNA is converted into mRNATranslation - mRNA is converted into protein.The second step in protein synthesis is translation. Translation takes place in organelles called ribosomes. Messenger RNA reaches and attaches to ribosomes under the influence of ribosomal RNA and enzymes. The information encoded in DNA is copied into messenger RNA sequences and crosses the nuclear membrane to ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
Protein synthesis is a two-step process that reduces the complexity of the processes involved in protein synthesis. Description Transcription is the process by which RNA molecules are produced using double-stranded DNA molecules. The first step in protein synthesis is transcription the unfolding of DNA, and the generation of messenger RNA chains.
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The clock on the big ben tower in london reads 12 noon. If you travel away from the clock at a very high speed and view it with a telescope, you would see.
"The clock on the big ben tower in London reads 12 noon. If you travel away from the clock at a very high speed and view it with a telescope, you would see it run slower than a clock in your vehicle" (Option A) This phenomenon is known as Time Dilation.
What is time dilation?Time dilation is defined in physics and relativity as the difference in elapsed time as measured by two clocks. It is either owing to a difference in relative velocity or a difference in gravitational potential between their places.
When left undefined, "time dilation" generally refers to the impact of velocity.
Time dilation is the "slowing down" of a clock as determined by an observer in relative motion with regard to that clock under the theory of special relativity.
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Full Question:
Suppose you look at the huge clock on the Big Ben Tower in London and it reads 12 noon. If you could travel away from the clock at the speed of light and view it with a telescope, it would:
a) run slower than usual
b) run faster than usual
c) be frozen at 12 noon
A rocket has a mass of 80,000 kg and accelerates at a rate of 35 m/s2. Calculate the force that provides this acceleration. Give your answer in newtons.
The force that causes an acceleration of 35 m/s² with a mass of 80,000 kg is 2,800,000 N.
Solution:
Force (N) = mass (kg) × acceleration (m/s²)
According to this question, a rocket has a mass of 80,000 kg and accelerates at a rate of 35 m/s². The force can be calculated as follows:
F = 80,000kg × 35m/s²
F = 2,800,000N
The force is equal to the outlet mass flow rate times the outlet velocity times the free stream mass flow rate minus the free stream velocity. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity over a specified time. Calculate acceleration by dividing the change in velocity by the change in time.
This characteristic is known as the velocity ratio and is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the force by the distance traveled by the load. Force is push or pull. Shear is the component of force acting perpendicular to a plane. Push is force, but not all force counts as push. So they are not exactly the same and the given statement is incorrect.
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The right answer is "2800000 N"
Answer explanation:
Force = mass × acceleration
= 80,000 kg × 35 m/s2
= 2,800,000 N.
Hope it helps ✨✨
all of the offsets are relative to the master clock zero. all signals are two-phase. there are two lanes in each direction. all block lengths are 1,200 ft.
The engine's valves can open and close during each cylinder's firing because a timing chain synchronizes the rotation of the crankshaft and camshaft(s), ensuring proper timing.
When does a timing chain need to be replaced?Unless there is a specific issue, a timing chain replacement is typically required between 80,000 and 120,000 miles. With higher mileage vehicles, chain problems are more frequent. It is advised to watch for timing chain failure signs if you are driving an older car or one with a lot less than 100,000 miles on the odometer.It's critical to be able to identify the signs of a timing chain problem so that it may be fixed before it becomes irreparable. Otherwise, the timing chain will need to be replaced.The following are indications that a timing chain needs to be replaced:Before an engine rattle, later model VVT applications will produce engine codes and check engine lights.Engine rattling is a result of older, pre-VVT applications.To Learn more About timing chain refer to:
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9.24 a design error has resulted in a gross mismatch in the circuit of fig. p9.24. specifically, q2 has twice the w/l ratio of q1. if vid is a small sine-wave signal, find:
Drain current for Q1, [tex]i_{D1}[/tex] = I / 3
Drain current for Q2, [tex]i_{D2}[/tex] = 2 I / 3
Drain current for Q1 is,
[tex]i_{D1}[/tex] = 1 / 2 [tex]k'_{n}[/tex] ( W / L ) ( [tex]v_{GS1}[/tex] - [tex]V_{t}[/tex] )²
Drain current for Q2 is,
[tex]i_{D2}[/tex] = 1 / 2 [tex]k'_{n}[/tex] ( 2 W / L ) ( [tex]v_{GS2}[/tex] - [tex]V_{t}[/tex] )²
From the circuit, for both Q1 and Q2 transistors,
Gate voltage = Source voltage = Threshold voltage
So,
[tex]v_{GS1}[/tex] - [tex]V_{t}[/tex] = [tex]v_{GS2}[/tex] - [tex]V_{t}[/tex]
[tex]i_{D2}[/tex] = 1 / 2 [tex]k'_{n}[/tex] ( 2 W / L ) ( [tex]v_{GS2}[/tex] - [tex]V_{t}[/tex] )²
( [tex]v_{GS2}[/tex] - [tex]V_{t}[/tex] )² =[tex]i_{D2}[/tex] / [ 1 / 2 [tex]k'_{n}[/tex] ( 2 W / L ) ]
[tex]i_{D1}[/tex] = 1 / 2 [tex]k'_{n}[/tex] ( W / L ) ( [tex]v_{GS1}[/tex] - [tex]V_{t}[/tex] )²
[tex]i_{D1}[/tex] = 1 / 2 [tex]k'_{n}[/tex] ( W / L ) ( [tex]v_{GS2}[/tex] - [tex]V_{t}[/tex] )²
[tex]i_{D1}[/tex] = 1 / 2 [tex]k'_{n}[/tex] ( W / L ) [tex]i_{D2}[/tex] / [ 1 / 2 [tex]k'_{n}[/tex] ( 2 W / L ) ]
[tex]i_{D1}[/tex] = [tex]i_{D2}[/tex] / 2
[tex]i_{D1}[/tex] / [tex]i_{D2}[/tex] = 1 / 2
In the circuit, constant bias current imposes the constraint.
[tex]i_{D1}[/tex] + [tex]i_{D2}[/tex] = I
[tex]i_{D2}[/tex] = I - [tex]i_{D1}[/tex]
[tex]i_{D1}[/tex] / [tex]i_{D2}[/tex] = 1 / 2
[tex]i_{D1}[/tex] / ( I - [tex]i_{D1}[/tex] ) = 1 / 2
[tex]i_{D1}[/tex] = I / 2 - [tex]i_{D1}[/tex] / 2
[tex]i_{D1}[/tex] + [tex]i_{D1}[/tex] / 2 = I / 2
3 [tex]i_{D1}[/tex] / 2 = I / 2
[tex]i_{D1}[/tex] = I / 3
[tex]i_{D1}[/tex] / [tex]i_{D2}[/tex] = 1 / 2
I / 3 = [tex]i_{D2}[/tex] / 2
[tex]i_{D2}[/tex] = 2 I / 3
Therefore,
Drain current for Q1, [tex]i_{D1}[/tex] = I / 3
Drain current for Q2, [tex]i_{D2}[/tex] = 2 I / 3
The given question is incomplete. The complete question is :
A design error has resulted in a gross mismatch in the circuit of Fig. P9.24. Specifically, Q2 has twice the W/L ratio of Q1. if [tex]v_{id}[/tex] is a small sine-wave signal, find [tex]i_{D1}[/tex] and [tex]i_{D2}[/tex]. Fig. P9.24. is shown in the image attached.
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Measurements from orbiting spacecraft suggests that mars had a magnetic field in its past. How could mars lose its magnetic field?.
Bohr atomic model can not predict spectra for multielectron atom.
What is Bohr atomic model?
The Bohr model postulates that the electrons are orbit the nucleus at fixed energy if levels. Orbits further from to the nucleus to exist at highest energy levels.
Sol-
Bohr’s theory was unable to explained the followings observations :
i) Bohr’s model could not explain the spectra of atoms containing more than one of electron.
ii) It never not explain the Zeeman effect.
In presence of the magnetic of field, each of spectral line gets split up to into fine lines, the phenomenon is known as Zeeman effect.
iii) It could not explain the to Stark effect.
In presence of the electric of field, each spectral line gets split up into fine lines, the phenomenon is known as as the Stark effect.
iv) The main objection to the Bohr’s model was raised by Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.
According to the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, it is impossible to determine the simultaneously the exact position and the momentum of a small moving particle like an electron.
But, according to Bohr’s model electron moves in well-defined orbits around the nucleus, and hence its position, as well as momentum, can be determined simultaneously, which is against the of uncertainty principle.
So, electron moves in well-defined orbits around to the nucleus is impossible.
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In order to make the loop successfully (and not
lose any passengers), a rollercoaster has to hit a
critical speed before the loop. What is the velocity
of a rollercoaster car if it has a mass of 7,600 kg
and 4,750,000 Joules of kinetic energy?
The velocity of a rollercoaster car is 35.36 m/s.
What is velocity?The rate at which a body's displacement changes in relation to time is known as its velocity. Velocity is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction. SI unit of velocity is meter/second.
Given parameters:
Mass of the rollercoaster; M = 7600 kg.
Kinetic energy of the rollercoaster; E = 4750000 Joules.
We have to find, the velocity of the rollercoaster; v = ?
We know that, Kinetic energy = 1/2× mass × velocity²
⇒ E = 1/2 × mv²
⇒ 4750000 = 1/2 × 7600 × v²
⇒ v = √(2×4750000/7600)
⇒ v = 35.36 m/s.
Hence, the velocity of the rollercoaster is 35.36 m/s.
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During eeg measurements, 6-10 electrodes are attached to the scalp and produce line drawings that represent __________. a. brain function b. mental activity c. x-rays d. brain patterns please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Using concepts of errors and measurement, we got that During eeg measurements, 6-10 electrodes are attached to the scalp and produce line drawings that represent a) brain function is the best answer from the choices.
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is the noninvasive test that records electrical patterns in the brain. It is the recording of the electrical activity of the brain from the scalp. The recorded wave forms reflect cortical electrical activity. The test is used to help diagnose conditions such as the seizures, epilepsy, head injuries, dizziness, headaches, brain tumors and the sleeping problems. It can also be used to confirm the brain death.
-Brainwaves are produced by synchronized electrical pulses from the masses of the neurons communicating with each other. Brainwaves are actually detected using sensors placed on the scalp.
Hence, During eeg measurements, 6-10 electrodes are attached to the scalp and produce line drawings that represent a) brain function is the best answer from the choices provided a b c d.
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Answer:
brain function
Explanation:
an 82-kg stunt man falls off the top of a large building. after falling for 65 meters he has a speed of 22 m/s. assuming he was initially at rest, what was the average force of air resistance exerted on the stunt man during his fall?
The average drag force on the stuntman during a fall is 305.29 N. force is a push or a pull.
.
Start by collecting the kinetic energy of the stuntman.
Mass (m) = 82 kg
Velocity (v) = 22 m/s
Kinetic Energy (KE) =?
KE = 19844 J
Finally, determine the average drag applied to the stunt. This is obtained as follows:
Distance = 65 meters
Energy = 19844 J
Average force =?
Energy = Work
Work (W) = Force (F) × Displacement (d)
W = Fd
So
E = W = Fd
19844 = F × 65
Divide both sides 65
F = 19844 / 65
F = 305.29 N
So, from the above calculation we can conclude that the average force is 305.29 N
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.
A lamp uses a 230v mains supply and transfers 96j of energy every second. Work out the current through the lamp. Give your answer to 1 decimal place.
The current through the lamp is 0.4A.
Calculation:-
electric powered strength = Voltage×modern-day
P = VI................Equation 1
Make I the problem of the equation
I = P/V.............Equation 2
Given: P = ninety six J/s, V = 230 V.
alternative into equation 2
I = 96/230
I = 0.4A.
His 3 predominant classes of electric lights are incandescent bulbs which produce mild through a filament this is heated to incandescence by using an electric powered current. relying on length and sort bulbs eat between 2 and 100 watts of power. traditional incandescent bulbs use 25-100W and LED bulbs use 2-18W. An incandescent bulb attracts about one hundred ten volts typically much less than 1 amp.
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SOMEONE HELP
Perform the following conversion.
0.09 km to dam
Answer:9
Explanation:
if earth had a pair of identical moons on opposite sides of the same circular orbit, the center of gravity of the double-moon-earth system would be
If the earth had a pair of identical moons on opposite sides of the same orbit, then the center of the gravity of the double-moon-earth system would be at the center of the earth
The gravitational pull of the moon pulls on the earth, especially in the parts closest to the moon. As a result of this force, the earth's crust rises slightly (a few centimeters). Even ponds and lakes like the Great Lakes experience neap tides. But this gravitational pull can lift the Earth's oceans (and atmosphere) many meters. The moon orbits the earth, creating a "bulge" in the ocean.
On the other side of the Earth's Moon, the gravitational pull is weaker than on any other part of the Earth, and the ocean is "left behind" in another bulge. As there will be identical moons on exact opposite sides, there will be equal gravitational pull, thus we could have gravity at the center of the art.
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what is the answer to Alfredo, who has a mass of 60kg, jumped off a retaining wall. His kinetic energy when he landed on the ground was 882 joules. What was his gravitational potential energy when he was sitting on the wall?
Answer:
1.5m
Explanation:
i hope this helps
024 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points
A 1.0 kg block is pushed 3.0 m at a constant
velocity up a vertical wall by a constant force
applied at an angle of 29.0° with the horizon-
tal, as shown in the figure.
The acceleration of gravity is 9.81 m/s².
1 kg
3 m
29°
Drawing not to scale.
If the coefficient of kinetic friction between
the block and the wall is 0.40, find
a) the work done by the force on the block.
Answer in units of J.
025 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points
b) the work done by gravity on the block.
Answer in units of J.
026 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points
c) the magnitude of the normal force between
the block and the wall.
Answer in units of N.
The work done by the applied force is 21.23 J.
The work done by the gravity is 29.4 J.
The magnitude of the normal force between the block and the wall is 9.8 N.
What is the work done by the applied force on the block?The work done by the applied force on the block is calculated by applying the following equation for work done.
W = Fd cosθ
where;
F is the applied forced is the distance in which the block is moveθ is the angle of inclination of the blockThe applied force on the block is calculated as follows;
Fsinθ - μmgsin(90) = ma
at a constant velocity, the acceleration of the block = 0
Fsinθ - μmg = 0
Fsinθ = μmgsinθ
F = μmg/sinθ
F = (0.4 x 1 x 9.8)/sin(29)
F = 8.09 N
The work done by the applied force is calculated as;
W = Fcosθ x d
W = (8.09 x cos29) x 3
W = 21.23 J
The work done by the gravity is calculated as follows;
W = Fn cosθ x d
where;
θ is the angle between the normal force and the block = 0W = mg cosθ x d
W = 1 x 9.8 x cos(0) x 3
W = 29.4 J
The magnitude of the normal force between the block and the wall is calculated as follows;
Fn = mg cosθ
where;
θ is the angle between the normal force and the block = 0Fn = 1 x 9.8 x cos(0)
Fn = 9.8 N
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which produces the greater changes in kinetic energy: exerting a 10n force for a distance of 5 m or exerting a 20 n force over a distance of 2 m? (assume that all of the work goes into ke)
A 10N force for a distance of 5 m will produce the greater change in kinetic energy of the body.
According to the work energy theorem, the change in kinetic energy of the body is equal to the work done by the forces on the body.
So, we can write,
W = ΔK
ΔK in kinetic energy change,
W is the work done.
Now, the force is 10N exerted over a distance of 5m. so,
10 x 5 = ΔK
ΔK = 50J.
Now, the exerted force is 20N over a distance of 2m, so,
20 x 2 = ΔK
ΔK = 40J.
Hence, the 20N force is producing more change in kinetic energy of the body.
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2.5 escaping a cube ** suppose eight protons are permanently fixed at the corners of a cube. a ninth proton floats freely near the center of the cube. there are no other charges around, and no gravity. is the ninth proton trapped? can it find an escape route that is all downhill in potential energy? feel free to analyze this numerically/graphically.
Consider a cube with eight protons that are fixed in place at each corner. Near the cube's center, a ninth proton floats unimpeded. There is no gravity and no other charges nearby.
There are 3 protons and 3 neutrons in the first isotope. Three protons and four neutrons make up the second isotope and 4/2 + 4/6 = 4.4614 is the potential at the middle of a face. The proton will be pushed outward by the fields of all eight charges, thus this is smaller than in the center and things will only get worse from there.
Although it is fairly flat around x = 0, if you plot this as a function of x, you will find that it is in fact a declining function. Thus, the proton is capable of escaping. If you wish to verify that it is always negative (for x > 0), you can compute the derivative of (x) and plot that result.
Since the potential is unlimited in the cube's corners, the proton will obviously not be able to escape if it moves from the center to those points.
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Which form of energy travels in waves through matter?
Sound energy is what travels in waves through matter.
Sound Energy is basically the result of a substance's vibration whenever movement of it's constituent particles is induced. It arises when a force, either sound or pressure, makes an object vibrate and the vibrations moving through something is what it is. The energy moves through the substance in waves.
In these waves, the particles move up and down which means that the kinetic energy has been transferred to them. Such waves that travel in the world around us are called mechanical waves and sound waves are a good example of how these propagate.
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The kind of energy that propagates through matter in waves is known as sound energy.
When a force, such as sound or pressure, causes an item or material to vibrate, the outcome is sound energy. Waves of that energy pass through the material. The sound waves are referred to as kinetic mechanical energy.
The propagation of vibrations through material is referred to as the sound energy. Noise is created when an item vibrates, which releases sound energy. Pressure waves are created by the sound vibrations and move through a material like air, water, wood, or metal.
Some of the examples of sound energy are:
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if both wires are carrying a current of 6.5 a, what is the magnitude of the magnetic field, in teslas, at point p?
The magnetic field's strength at point p is 3.16*10-5 T, which is measured in teslas. A magnetic field is indeed a vector field that explains the magnetic impact on moving electric charges, pulsed electrical.
what is Simple definition of a magnetic field?Around a magnet, where magnetism is present, is a region known as the magnetic field. To represent the distribution of the magnetic force in the area surrounding and inside something magnetic in nature, we utilize the magnetic field as a tool.
How exactly can the magnetic field operate?South and north poles are present in every magnet. In contrast to each other repelling each other, opposite poles are drawn to one another. The north-seeking poles of the iron's atoms align in the same direction when you run a piece of iron along a magnet. A magnetic field is created as a result of the force produced by the aligned atoms.
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The motion of an object is described as 240 mph to the northeast. What form of motion is being described?.
Answer: velocity
Explanation:
The answer is velocity, because it describes how fast it is going and in what direction
why can't we see a galaxy 15 billion light-years away? (assume the universe is 14 billion years old.)
We can't see any galaxies fifteen billion light-years away because looking fifteen billion light-years away means looking to a time before the universe even existed.
How was the universe created?The universe, according to science, began with an explosion of space itself (the explosion is called the Big Bang) around 13.8 billion years ago. Gravity, a fundamental force that pulls masses toward each other, gradually drew matter together to form the first stars and the first galaxies.
Cosmic inflation, which is an extension of the Big Bang, explains why the universe is so homogeneous (or evenly composed) and how galaxies are distributed across space.
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What is the estimated effective nuclear charge, zeff, experienced by an electron in a 3p orbital of a chlorine atom?.
estimated effective nuclear charge experienced by a 3 p electron of chlorine is 6.1.
What is nuclear charge ?
In atomic physics, the net nuclear charge is the actual amount of positive (nuclear) charge experienced by electrons in a multi-electron atom. The term "effective" is used because the shielding effect of negatively charged electrons prevents higher energy electrons from experiencing the full nuclear charge of the nucleus due to inner layer repulsive effects. The net nuclear charge experienced by an electron is also called the nuclear charge. The strength of the nuclear charge can be determined by the oxidation number of the atom. Most of the physical and chemical properties of elements can be described in terms of their electronic configurations. . It is known that the magnitude of the ionization potential depends on the following factors:
atomic size;
nuclear charge;
Inner shell shielding effect u
The extent to which the outermost electrons penetrate the charge cloud created by the inner electrons.
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An 8 000-kg aluminum flagpole 100-m long i heated by the un from a temperature of 10°C to 20°C. Find the work done (in J) by the aluminum if the linear expanion coefficient i 24 ´ 10-6 (°C)-1. (The denity of aluminum i 2. 7 ´ 103 kg/m3 and 1 atm = 1. 0 ´ 105 N/m2
The work done by the aluminum in 216 Joules.
The ratio of the increase in length to the original length for each degree increase in temperature is called the coefficient of linear expansion. The coefficient of linear thermal expansion describes the change in the length of a material as a function of temperature. A distinction is made between the average thermal coefficient of expansion and the physical coefficient of linear expansion.
calculation:-
Work done = msT2 -T1
= 8000000 g × 2 × 1/000000 ( 20- 10)
= 600
density = 2.7
work done per unit = 600/2.7
= 216 jolues
The volume expansion coefficient is three times the linear expansion coefficient. Heating an object changes its dimensions. It depends on your body type. Expansion can be done in length in which case it is called linear expansion. Heating a square wafer causes expansion in two planes lengthwise and widthwise. We call this range dilation.
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if this resolving power is diffraction-limited, to what effective diameter of your eye's optical system does this correspond? use rayleigh's criterion and assume that the wavelength of the light is 560 nm
The effective diameter of your eye's optical system is 2.33 mm.
According to Rayleigh criterion, angular resolution of eye is given by the expression,
Angular resolution = 1.22 λ / D
where, λ is the wavelength of light
D is the diameter of the eye
Angular resolution in degrees = 1.67 * 10⁻² (convert to radians)
⇒ 1.67 * 10⁻² *π / 180 radian = 29.13 × 10⁻⁵ radian
λ = 560 * 10⁻⁹ m
Let us substitute the values in the above expression,
29.13 × 10⁻⁵ = 1.22* 560 * 10⁻⁹/ D
D = 1.22* 560 * 10⁻⁹/(29.13 × 10⁻⁵) = 1.22* 56* 10⁻⁸ *10⁵/29.3 = 2.33* 10⁻³ m = 2.33 mm
Thus, the effective diameter of your eye's optical system is 2.33 mm.
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a glass sphere is dropped into a container of water. the sphere weighs 13.1 n and displaces 5.1 n of water. what is the net force on the sphere?
The net force on the sphere that weighs 13.1 N and displaces 5.1 N of water if it is dropped into a container of water is 8 N
Net force = Fg - Fb
Fg = Force of gravity
Fb = Buoyant force
Fg = 13.1 N
Fb = 5.1 N
Net force = 13.1 - 5.1
Net force = 8 N
The direction is towards the force of gravity since Fg > Fb
Buoyant force is the upward thrust provided by the water on an object that is either floating or submerged in water. Force of gravity is the force acting on a mass due to the presence of gravity. It is also called as weight.
Therefore, the net force on the sphere is 8 N downwards
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using eqn. (5), calculate the magnetic field at the center of a fictitious tube. the number of turns on each coil is 130, the current is 1.0 a and the radius of the coils is 20 cm.
The magnetic field at center of a fictitious tube is 7.68 × 10⁻¹⁰ Tesla.
A magnetic field is the area around a magnet where you can feel the effects of magnetism. We use magnetic fields as a tool to describe how magnetic forces are distributed in the surrounding space and in anything that is magnetic in nature. Magnetic fields are created by moving the charges and intrinsic magnetic moments of elementary particles.
It is denoted by B or H . The units of magnetic field is Tesla.
formula : B = μ₀ × I/ 2πr
where, B ---> magnetic field
μ₀ ---> permeability of free space
r --> distance in meters
I ---> magnitude of electric current in ampere
the value of μ₀= 4π × 10⁻⁷ T m / A
we have given that, I = 1.0 A , r = 130 × 20 /100 => r = 26 m
putting all the values in above formula we get ,
B = 4π× 10⁻⁷× 1 / 2π× 26 = 4×10⁻⁷/52
= 7.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ T
Hence, the magnetic field is 7.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ T.
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