Which type of biological molecules often serve as enzymes that speed up chemical reactions?
O nucleic acids
O carbohydrates
O proteins
O lipids
Answer:
C. Proteins
I believe
light energy is absorbed by organic pigment molecules during____
light energy is absorbed by organic pigment molecules during photosynthesis.
By converting light energy into chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis, plants and other living things can subsequently release that chemical energy to power their activities. The name "photosynthesis" comes from the Greek words "phs" for "light" and "synthesis" for "putting together." Some of this chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules like sugar and starch, which are created from carbon dioxide and water. These creatures are referred to as photoautotrophs and include the majority of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Most of the energy required for life on Earth is produced and maintained through photosynthesis, which also produces and maintains the oxygen concentration of the atmosphere.
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Which of the following is least likely to produce recombinant chromosomes? A., crossovers between homologous chromosomes
Choice B., crossovers between non-sister chromatids
Choice C., crossovers between sister chromatids
Crossovers between sister chromatids is least likely to produce recombinant chromosomes.
What is chromosome?
A chromosome is a lengthy DNA molecule that contains all or part of an organism's genetic code. The histones, which are the most significant of these proteins in eukaryotic cells, cover the vast majority of chromosomes' incredibly long, thin DNA fibres. In order to preserve the integrity of the DNA molecule, these proteins condense and attach to it with the help of chaperone proteins. These chromosomes' complex three-dimensional structure is crucial for controlling transcription.
Protein and a single DNA molecule combine to generate the thread-like chromosomes that carry genomic information from cell to cell. Humans and other creatures, including plants, have chromosomes in their cell nuclei.
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in step 6 of the citric acid cycle when succinate is converted to fumarate, hydrogen atoms are transferred to fad. the ____________ is catalyzed by a dehydrogenase enzyme.
Succinate Dehydrogenase is catalyzed by a dehydrogenase enzyme in 6 step of the citric acid cycle.
Fumarate and succinate are TCA cycle intermediates. Two protons are lost during the conversion of succinate to fumarate, which FAD then absorbs and uses to create FADH 2. Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme that catalyses this process.
The Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are exclusively linked through the conversion of succinate to fumarate by succinate dehydrogenase. SDH mutations cause tumour tissue to switch to aerobic glycolysis and accumulate succinate along with other metabolic abnormalities.
Fumarate is created when succinate is oxidised by succinate dehydrogenase. Instead of NAD+ , FAD is employed as the hydrogen acceptor. NAD+ cannot be reduced by the reaction's free-energy change. When 2 hydrogens are removed from the substrate through oxidation, FAD is frequently utilised as the electron acceptor.
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What are the 2 main components of Mendel's law of Independent Assortment?.
Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment states that different genes are inherited singly of one another.
This means that the heritage of one gene doesn't affect the heritage of any other genes. The two main factors of Mendel's Law of Independent multifariousness are 1. Law of Segregation This law states that each gene comes in dyads and that each parent will contribute one allele( a variant of a gene) to their seed. When the egg and sperm join during fertilization, the alleles from the different parents will aimlessly mix and the seed will have a combination of the alleles from both parents. 2. Law of Independent Assortment This law states that the alleles for different genes will be inherited singly of each other. This means that the heritage of one gene doesn't affect the heritage of any other genes. So, the combination of alleles that an seed receives is determined by the combination of alleles that the parents passed down.
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Which cellular process takes place in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells?
a. The synthesis of new proteins
b. The replication of nucleic acids
c. The breakdown of waste material
d. The conversion of radiant energy to glucose
Answer: The nucleus is a DNA-containing cell organelle that drives ribosome and protein production. Thus, option A is correct.
Explanation:
A nucleus is a hereditary unit of a cell that is membrane-bound and serves a variety of tasks; it is not merely a storing room for DNA but also the locus of several vital cellular activities.
1.Primarily, one's DNA can be duplicated in the nucleus. This process, known as DNA Replication, creates an exact copy of the DNA.
2.The initial stage in the cellular division is to make two identical clones of the body or host, after which each new cell will receive its own set of instructions.
3.Furthermore, the nucleus is where transcription occurs. Transcription produces many forms of RNA from DNA. Transcription would be similar to making copies of particular portions of the human body's instructions, which could then be pushed out and read by the remaining cells.
The primary law of biology is that DNA gets replicated into RNA, which is subsequently translated into proteins.
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Why might two substances that have the same types of atoms have different properties?.
It is true that two materials with the same kind of atoms might have different properties, such as various phases of an element or isomers.
The same substance can exist in two different phases, like ice and water. Clearly, they have extremely different characteristics. The same number of atoms in two separate compounds with differing characteristics is possible. Ozone and regular oxygen (O2) are two examples ( O3). Isomers are substances that have the exact same number of atoms as one another, meaning they have the exact same empirical formula, but differ from one another in terms of how the atoms are ordered.
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match the word on the left with the definition on the right
Answer:
Where??
Explanation:
Answer:
cant really match if theres nothing to match.
Explanation:
surrounding the myofibrils are membranous sacs called the
Surrounding the myofibrils are membranous sacs called the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a type of endoplasmic reticulum.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not contain ribosomes. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a special type of smooth endoplasmic reticulum that is found in muscle cells.
Myofibrils are protein filaments, which are present in the striated muscles. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is found inside the myofibrils. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a membranous structure that is surrounded by calcium ions. The calcium ions in the sarcoplasmic reticulum perform many functions such as muscle contraction and relaxation.
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there are two types of nucleic acids, dna and rna. nearly all organisms use dna, not rna, as the central repository for genetic information. t or f
The double-stranded structure of DNA ensures a precise mechanism of duplication.
DNA is more resistant to nucleic acid degrading enzymes.
Before each cell division, all organisms must duplicate their DNA with extreme precision. In this section, we'll look at how an elaborate "replication machine" achieves this level of precision while duplicating DNA at speeds of up to 1000 nucleotides per second.
This process requires the separation of the two strands of the DNA helix and the recognition of each nucleotide in the DNA template strand by a free (unpolymerized) complementary nucleotide. This separation exposes the hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor groups on each DNA base, aligning it for base-pairing with the appropriate incoming free nucleotide and polymerization into a new DNA chain via enzyme-catalyzed polymerization.
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PLEASE HELP!!
analyze the cost vs benefit of space travel
and exploration, conduct a research report and made a short
proposal to the government with your opinion to the question
"SHOULD WE CONTINUE TO FUND SPACE
EXPLORATION"
Be sure to identify some of the specific costs, and outline in
brief detail some of the positive benefits that have come out of
space programs.
Your report should be no longer than a page. Don't forget to cite
any resources using proper APA format
The Roper Center database is rich with polls regarding government involvement in space exploration,starting as far back as the 1960s.Unfortunately, space exploration in general,and public versus private involvement in it.More recently,however,there has been an increase in the type and amount of surveys on the issue.Polls from a variety of sources such as Social Sciences Research Solutions.
The space exploration industry is in a new era,and the public seems to know what they want from it.Overall,the public is largely content with NASA's level of spending,with about equal percentages wanting to see an increase or decrease.The public also values public-private partnership more than the federal government or private enterprises working alone,altough there is reason to believe that this desired relationship places NASA in the driver's seat.There is substantial academic reasoning for the differing stances on public and/or private involvement,with real examples or input from those directly related to the industry,the support one dynamic or another.
In animal cells, a pair of small cylindrical structures composed of microtubules that duplicate during interphase and move to opposite ends of the cell during prophase called.
In animal cells, a pair of small cylindrical structures composed of microtubules that duplicate during interphase and move to opposite ends of the cell during prophase called centrioles.
Describe centrioles.
The majority of eukaryotic cells contain centrioles, which are cylindrical organelles. At the center of the cell, they are found in pairs and are made of microtubules. Numerous cellular processes, such as the development of cilia and flagella as well as the structuring of the cytoskeleton, are carried out by centrioles. Centrioles also play a role in the development of the mitotic spindle, which divides chromosomes during animal cells. Additionally, centrioles play a role in intracellular transport and the construction of the centrosome, a component of the cell's microtubule organization system.To learn more about centrioles
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the head of the humerus fits into the ________ of the scapula.
The joint most people picture as the shoulder is the glenohumeral joint. A shallow cup-shaped socket (glenoid) in the scapula and a ball (head) at the top of the humerus fit together to form the joint, allowing for a large range of motion.
What is Shoulder Anatomy?Scapula, which is the shoulder blade, clavicle, and humerus are the three bones that make up the shoulder (upper arm bone). The acromioclavicular joint, where the highest point of the scapula (acromion) meets the clavicle, and the glenohumeral joint allow the shoulder to move.The smooth, elastic cartilage that covers the surfaces of the bones where the ball and socket meet allows the joint to move freely and absorbs trauma.The shallow shoulder socket necessitates a reliance on the soft tissues around it to support the joint and keep the parts secured. In order to construct a protective capsule that is lined with a thin membrane known as the synovium, many of these soft tissues surround the joint.For the purpose of lubricating and cushioning the joint, the synovium secretes a fluid called synovial fluid.The labrum, a fibrous ring of cartilage that surrounds the glenoid, or shoulder socket, creates a deeper socket for the ball to stabilize the joint. The rotator cuff is a network of muscles and tendons that covers the top of the humerus, or upper arm bone, to hold it in place and allow the arm to rotate. The deltoid, the shoulder's largest and strongest muscle, gives the arm the strength to lift.the forearm may rotate and the elbow can bend thanks to the biceps muscle, which is attached to the biceps tendon that originates at the top of the shoulder socket.To Learn more About shoulder refer to:
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the region between the epidermis and the vascular cylinder of plant roots is called
The region between the epidermis and the vascular cylinder of plant roots is called cortex.
This area plays an important role in the growth and development of the root system, providing a space for the storage of nutrients, water, and other substances essential for the plant's health.
The cortex also helps to regulate the absorption of water and minerals from the soil, as well as the exchange of gases between the root and the surrounding environment.
Additionally, the cortex provides a structure for the root to anchor itself in the soil, ensuring that the plant remains firmly planted and is not easily uprooted.
The cortex is the main storage area for water and plant nutrients, and is responsible for providing a protective barrier against physical damage and disease to the root.
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Shoulder girdle bone that articulates anteriorly with the sternum called?
Shoulder girdle bone that articulates anteriorly with the sternum called clavicle.
What is sternum?
The sternum, or breastbone, is a long flat bone located in the center of the chest between the clavicles and rib cage. It is an important part of the human body as it helps to protect vital organs in the chest, such as the heart and lungs. The sternum is made up of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process. It is connected to the ribs by costal cartilages and the clavicles. It is essential for anchoring the muscles that move the arms and shoulders. It also provides a base for the attachment of the muscles involved in breathing. Its shape varies from person to person, but is usually somewhat flat and triangular. Its length is usually about six inches in adults. The sternum is an important part of the human body and plays a vital role in respiratory and skeletal function.
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Is atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response serious?
Rapid or fluttering heartbeat is one of the signs of AFib with RVR. Additionally, you can also feel faint or have chest pain or have trouble breathing. It has to be treated since it can lead to major consequences.
It sounds fancy, but an erratic heartbeat is known as atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. An excessively rapid heartbeat might result from improper electrical signalling in the heart. Atrial fibrillation, sometimes known as AFib for short, is the medical term for this irregular cardiac rhythm. The two top chambers of the heart, known as the atria, are where the malfunctioning signals begin in the majority of patients. The two upper chambers of the heart, called the atria, beat erratically and chaotically during atrial fibrillation, which causes the ventricles, the heart's two lower chambers, to beat in a different rhythm. The two bottom chambers of your heart, known as the ventricles, may occasionally beat too fast due to the signals that aren't functioning properly.
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what are the four most abundant elements found in living systems?
Answer:
oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus.
What are the colours observed by plants the green light of the sunlight is blocked How will the photosynthesis be affected?.
The colors absorbed by the plants are blue and red and they reflect green light back, hence appear so. Hence, there will be no effect if green light of the sunlight is blocked.
The plants appear green because they reflect the green light back into the environment. Therefore, blocking green light won't have an impact on photosynthesis. Plants reflect back the green light because they absorb red and blue light, which is when photosynthesis is at its peak.
Light is absorbed during photosynthesis, and the energy from that light is used to create sugars that the plant can utilise. Photosynthetically active radiation is the term for the spectrum of light that plants can use for photosynthesis, which also happens to be the same spectrum that we can see.
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how does modern food production benefit from the use of gmos?
Increase crop productivity does modern food production benefit from the use of GMOS.
Genetically modified seeds have the potential to boost agricultural production or, at the very least, preserve the maximum yield of vegetation. With reduced crop losses and improved yields, GMO plants with insect and herbicide tolerance can substantially simplify crop management. The yields of GM soybean, cotton, and maize varieties were 20%, 15%, and 7% greater than those of non-GM varieties, respectively, according to Mannion and Morse.
Farmers all around the industry were convinced that businesses selling genetically modified seeds would boost output and profitability. According to GM seed producers, farmers were expected to adopt GM plants because the changes they were making provided them with immediate, tangible benefits that might be linked to higher yields.
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Explain how the preence of inulin reitance gene and ickle cell allele demontrate human evolution
The presence of insulin and sickle cell affect in the following way-
Malaria resistance exists in heterozygotes (AS) with the sickle-cell allele. They have a higher chance of surviving and procreating as a result. As a result, the S allele remains in the gene pool.
Those with sickle-cell heterozygotes (AS) are resistant to malaria. As a result, they stand a better chance of surviving and having more offspring. As a result, the S allele is kept.
What benefits do people receive from having the allele that causes sickle cell disease?
The sickle cell gene protects against malaria even in a heterozygous state. why the human population still carries the sickle cell allele.
But because malaria can be resistant to a single copy of the sickle cell gene, it is more common in many parts of the world.
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type of rna that combines with proteins to form ribosomes
In the cytoplasm, ribosomes, which serve as the site of protein synthesis, are formed when ribosomal RNA (rRNA) combines with proteins and enzymes.
The structure of ribosomes is formed by what kind of RNA?Transcripts are mRNA molecules that carry the coding sequences necessary for the synthesis of proteins; The core of a cell's ribosomes, which are the structures in which protein synthesis takes place, is made up of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules. During protein synthesis, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules deliver amino acids to ribosomes.
During translation, these intricate structures facilitate the assembly of amino acids into a polypeptide chain by traveling along the mRNA molecule. A protein is present in the human body in every cell. A chain of amino acids makes up the fundamental structure of protein. Protein is also important for children's and pregnant women's growth and development.
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what natural disaster wiped out half of the earth’s animals 65 million years ago?
The Alvarez theory, which argued that a massive comet or asteroid impact was responsible for the rapid loss of non-avian dinosaurs and many other types of life 66 million years ago, changed that in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
The dominant idea holds that a massive asteroid or comet collided with Earth 65 million years ago, blocking sunlight, altering the temperature, and igniting global wildfires. The extinction 65 million years ago took off around half of all plants and animals. The event is so dramatic that it marks the end of the Cretaceous period and the beginning of the Tertiary period in Earth's history.
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How many oxygen atoms can be transported by each hemoglobin molecule?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 8
D. 16
The correct answer is B. 4. Each hemoglobin molecule can bind to and transport four oxygen atoms.
what is hemoglobin ?Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and transporting carbon dioxide from the body's tissues to the lungs. The hemoglobin molecule is composed of four subunits, each of which contains an iron-containing heme group that binds to oxygen. The binding of oxygen to hemoglobin causes a conformational change that increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the protein. Hemoglobin also plays a role in maintaining the acid-base balance of the blood by binding and releasing protons in response to changes in the body's acid-base balance.
Each hemoglobin molecule can bind to and transport four oxygen atoms.
This is because each hemoglobin molecule is composed of four subunits, each of which contains an iron-containing heme group that binds to one oxygen atom. Therefore, a total of four oxygen atoms can be bound and transported by a single hemoglobin molecule. Hemoglobin's ability to bind and transport oxygen is crucial for maintaining oxygen homeostasis in the body and is essential for the survival of aerobic organisms.
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what is a structure consisting of tissues organized to interact and carry out specific functions?
A structure consisting of tissues organized to interact and carry out specific functions is called an organ.
Organs are composed of different types of tissues that work together to perform specific functions. For example, the heart is an organ that is made up of muscle tissue, connective tissue, and epithelial tissue, all of which work together to pump blood throughout the body.
The lungs are another example of an organ that is made up of different types of tissue and is responsible for the exchange of gases between the body and the environment.
Organ systems are groups of organs that perform related functions. Organs are made up of two or more tissues organized in specific ways to carry out certain tasks.
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Does methylation cause mutation?.
Tumor suppressor genes are silenced by methylation within their promoter regions, and methylation inside the gene itself can result in mutational events. These pathways might be crucial in triggering the emergence of numerous different types of human malignancies.
DNA methylation is an inherited, enzyme-induced modification of DNA structure that doesn't change the precise arrangement of base pairs that encode the genome. DNA methylation can both indirectly suppress gene expression and raise the risk that the affected genes will experience a mutational event. Despite the fact that DNA methylation is crucial for healthy physiological functions, different and aberrant patterns of methylation are seen in malignancies. In example, there is growing evidence that methylation of the promoter regions of multiple genes, including well-known tumour suppressor genes, prevents the expression of the functional proteins that these genes code for. Therefore, DNA methylation may constitute a crucial and early phase in the process by which normal tissue transforms into malignant tissue.
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Drag each tile to the correct box. Arrange the sentences in order to describe how oxygen from air is transported to the cells in the kidneys.
The lungs' bronchioles allow air to enter and travel to the alveoli. In order to transmit oxygen to the arteries, the capillaries conjoin.
What helps transport nutrients oxygen and waste products to and from cells?Cells receive oxygen and nutrients from the circulatory system, while waste is removed. Different sides of the heart pump blood that is oxygenated and blood that is not. Among the different blood vessel kinds are arteries, capillaries, and veins.A network of blood arteries transports oxygen-rich blood from the aorta to the kidneys.The main oxygen carrier in humans is haemoglobin (Hgb or Hb). Only 2% of the total oxygen carried by the blood is dissolved in the plasma directly; the majority, about 98%, is linked to haemoglobin.In the lungs, new oxygen enters the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. Exhaling causes carbon dioxide to leave the body. respiratory system Carbon dioxide removal from the body is the responsibility of the respiratory system.To learn more about oxygen refer to:
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what hormone also aids the stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor?
ADH Antidiuretic hormone is a hormone whose main job is to keep the body's water content high. Antidiuretic hormone production occurs in the hypothalamus.
What hormone results in vasospasm and water retention?Vasoconstriction and a rise in arterial blood pressure are further effects of antidiuretic hormone. Low serum sodium and low serum osmolality together with an increase in serum ADH suggests that a nonosmotic stimulus is the cause of the hormone's production.
What hormones restrict blood vessels?Vasoconstriction is caused by the stress hormone norepinephrine. Dopamine is converted into norepinephrine, which the adrenal gland then releases. As a result of the decreased blood vessel volume, the blood flow rate is also lowered.
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How is a LENS different than a mirror?
Answer:
The mirror is glass with one side silvery backing produces an image by reflection on only one surface. The lens is a transparent substance that produces images by refraction in any surface of the two surfaces. It can be plane or curved.
Explanation:
Answer: The mirror is a device based on the principle of reflection whereas the lens is based on the principle of refraction.
the cell theory states 3 things, what is the first thing?
All organisms are made of cells is the first thing.
What is cell theory?
The scientific idea that cells make up living organisms, that they are the fundamental structural and organisational unit of all species, and that they all originate from previously existing cells is known as cell theory. It was first proposed in the middle of the nineteenth century. All creatures' basic structural and reproductive building blocks are called cells.
The cell theory's three pillars are as follows:
Every living thing is made up of one or more cells.
The fundamental unit of structure and organisation in organisms is the cell.
Existing cells give rise to new ones.
The first premise of the theory, which was once universally accepted, is now disputed by some biologists who believe that living organisms can include non-cellular things like viruses.
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Name three substances that pass from the tissues into the blood.
The three substances are Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide and Nutrients.
Oxygen (O2) - Oxygen is needed by the cells in the body to carry out cellular respiration and produce energy. Oxygen is transported from the lungs to the rest of the body via the blood.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) - Carbon dioxide is a waste product of cellular respiration and is transported from the tissues to the lungs via the blood where it is exhaled.
Nutrients - Nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids are transported from the digestive system to the rest of the body via the blood. These nutrients are used by the cells in the body for energy production and growth.
Therefore, the three substance that pass from the tissues into the blood are Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide and Nutrients.
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Answer:
The three substance that pass from the tissue into the blood are
waste products food material respiratory gasExplanation:
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