The statement 'Islands are often isolated, minimizing gene flow and maximizing diversification' explains why islands may have unique species on Earth.
What is isolation?Isolation refers to the absence of gene flow between individuals of the same species for extended periods of time.
Isolation due to geographic barriers (e.g., a island) may led to reproductive differentiation and even to speciation.
In conclusion, the statement 'Islands are often isolated, minimizing gene flow and maximizing diversification' explains why islands may have unique species on Earth.
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Groundwater Activity: Properties of Water Lab Report
Introduction
Water is an essential part of processes on Earth. In this lab, you will investigate the properties of water and explain how they affect Earth material and surface processes.
Investigative Phenomenon:
What are the connections between the properties of water and their effects on Earth materials and surface processes?
Materials:
• water
• stopwatch
• a clean penny
• food coloring
• vegetable oil
• clear plastic cups
• dropper or pipette
• ice cube
• black pepper
• a bowl
• dish soap
• sponge or cloth
• a heating source (sunlight, lamp, etc.) or a cooling source (refrigerator)
• one balloon
• measuring tape or string and a ruler
• thermometer
Activity One: Investigating Cohesion
Cohesion is the ability of molecules to bind together. One way to test this is by investigating how the droplets of a particular liquid stick together compared to other liquids. Use the materials you have to determine water’s relative cohesion on a particular surface.
Describe the plan you will follow to determine this:
Record your data and observations:
Phenomena Reflective Question: How does the cohesive property of water come into play with it interacts with Earth materials?
Activity Two: Investigating Surface Tension
Surface tension is a property of a liquid that allows the surface to resist force. This means the surface of a liquid resists the weight of objects.
Procedures:
1. Fill a bowl ¾ full with tap water.
2. Sprinkle about a teaspoon of ground black pepper in the bowl. DO NOT STIR! Observe what happens to the black pepper.
3. Gently place your finger into the water and observe what happens.
4. Put two drops of dish soap on your finger. Gently use your finger to touch the surface of the water and observe what happens.
Data and observations:
Observations
Black pepper in water
Touching water without soap
Touching water with soap
Phenomena Reflective Question: How does the surface tension of water allow for it to interact with Earth materials?
Activity Three: Investigating Solubility
A liquid is polar, which means a substance can easily dissolve in it. How can you test water’s polarity compared to other substances? To measure solubility, it is necessary to compare initial and final results using your visual observations.
Describe the plan you will follow to determine this:
Record your data and observations: Add food coloring to each liquid. Observe each reaction and record your observations in the table below.
Time Water Vegetable Oil
0 seconds
5 seconds
10 seconds
15 seconds
20 seconds
Phenomena Reflective Question: Explain why water is called a universal solvent. How does this polarity allow for water to interact with Earth materials?
Activity Four: Investigating Specific Heat Capacity
Specific heat is the amount of heat energy needed to change the temperature of 1 gram of the substance one degree Celsius. Some objects' specific heat allows them to heat up or cool down faster than others of equal mass. How can you compare water’s specific heat to other substances? How does the specific heat of water affect how other objects, such as a damp cloth, warm up or cool down? To measure specific heat, it is necessary to compare initial and final results.
Describe the plan you will follow to determine this:
Record your data and observations: Observe the temperature of the damp sponge/cloth after being placed under a heat source. Caution: do not set the damp sponge or cloth to close to the heat source. Record your observations.
Time Damp Sponge/Cloth
0 seconds
5 seconds
10 seconds
15 seconds
20 seconds
Phenomena Reflective Question: How does water’s specific heat capacity come into play when it interacts with Earth materials or affect surface processes?
Activity Five: Investigating Expansion and Density
Density of an object can be found by calculating mass divided by volume. If two objects have the same mass, but one has a greater volume, the object with more volume is less dense. Does water’s density change when it is frozen?
Describe the plan you will follow to determine this:
Record your data and observations:
Phenomenon Reflective Question: Did the density of water change when it changed from solid to liquid? How do you think the density of water has an effect on Earth materials and surface processes?
Evaluating the Design:
Part of an investigation is to evaluation how well your investigation gave you the data you needed. In this report, include the following:
1. an evaluation of the plan you made for the various activities and how the data was collected
2. a description of how well the data allowed you to infer the effect of water on materials and processes in the world
3. a description of how to further investigate the effects of water and collect more accurate and precise data
Answer:
Explanation:
Both Groundwater and surface water are largely replenished by rain water.
The type of transcriptional control in operons in which a regulatory protein is an activator and stimulates transcription is called.
The type of transcriptional control in operons in which a regulatory protein is an activator and stimulates transcription is called positive control.
What controls the transcription of an operon?The regulatory DNA sequences are the important class of factors that controls the transcription of an operon.
The types of transcriptional control in operons in which a regulatory protein is an inhibitor and inhibits transcription are called negative control.
Therefore, the positive control and negative control of the transcription of an operon depend on the nature of regulatory proteins.
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Cellulose is a starchy carbohydrate.
Which of these statements about
cellulose is TRUE?
A. Cellulose is rarely found on Earth.
B. Cellulose is a type of fat.
C. Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate.
D. Cellulose dissolves easily in water.
Answer:
the answer is d
Explanation:
because as the first statement tell you it is a carbohydrate so B is eliminated .
and we know that it is found in plants so A is eliminated too.
and it makes cell wall and can not easily dissolve in water and d is eliminated so definitely the answer is C
The true statement about cellulose is a complex carbohydrate. The correct option is C.
What is cellulose?Cellulose is a glucose-based linear polymer (polysaccharide) that is found in nature. Its chemical formula is (C6H10O5)X. Plants typically produce it through synthesis.
The primary characteristics of this polysaccharide are biodegradability and hydrolysis resistance. The sturdy formation of plant cell walls is greatly aided by cellulose, a hard, fibrous, and water-insoluble polysaccharide. 20.
The fibrils (bundles of microfibrils) and microfibrils (bundles of polysaccharides) made up of cellulose chains make up the plant cell wall. It is colorless and tasteless.
Therefore, the correct option is C. Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate.
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which of the following was a social cost associated with the devolpment of the internal combustion engine used in most cars?
Option:
A. People were able to use their horses for new tasks.
B. New jobs were created.
C. Blacksmiths needed to gain new skills to continue working.
D. Families were able to travel farther more easily.
Answer:
Blacksmiths needed to gain new skills to continue working. Thus, the correct option is C.
What engineer Nikolaus August Otto developed?Engineer Nikolaus August Otto developed the first four-stroke internal combustion engine and established the Otto cycle, a well-known theoretical cycle that governs the operation of explosive engines.
Otto's engine outperformed the steam engine in use at the time in a number of ways. One of them is their light weight, as steam engines need large water reservoirs and fuel to burn in order to heat the water, which in this case would be charcoal or firewood. In addition to being light, the internal combustion engine consumed little fuel, even benzene. Another factor was Otto cycle internal combustion engines' power, which also outperformed steam engines in terms of size ratio.
These benefits put pressure on the automotive sector to build vehicles with this kind of technology. Blacksmiths were compelled to learn new skills in order to use this new technology.
In addition to being light, the internal combustion engine consumed little fuel, even benzene. Another reason was Otto cycle internal combustion engines' power, which also outperformed steam engines in terms of size ratio.
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Which statement best explains why cooperation between countries is necessary to prevent a tragedy of the commons?
Since there are so many common areas, sharing between countries should be easier.
If one country overuses a common resource, it depletes the common resource for all.
Common areas are divided among only a few countries, and little access is given to the rest.
Too many countries have access to common areas, and this prevents them from sharing.
The statement which best explains why cooperation between countries is necessary to prevent a tragedy of the commons is that If one country overuses a common resource, it depletes the common resource for all and is denoted as option B.
What is Tragedy of the commons?This is referred to as a situation in which the resources are available to the people and they are overused due to the ease of access to them.
Cooperation between countries will help to curb a country overusing a common resource which will lead to the depletion of the common resource for all.
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Without undergoing any changes itself, the _____ makes changes to the ______.
Without undergoing any changes itself, the enzyme makes changes to the substrate.
What is an enzyme?An enzyme is a biological catalyst that acts by lowering the activation energy in a chemical reaction.
In a chemical reaction, an enzyme binds to a substrate to convert it to one or more products.
In conclusion, without undergoing any changes itself, the enzyme makes changes to the substrate.
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Soli reaction is ______
Answer:
soil reaction is an indication of the acidity or alkalinity of soil and is measured in pH units
How does the intracellular fluid compartment differ from the extracellular fluid compartment?.
Answer:
The main difference between intercellular and extracellular fluid is that intracellular fluid is the liquid found inside the cell whereas extracellular fluid refers to all the body fluids outside the cell.
Describe the processes that occur after pollination, including fertilisation and seed formation.
Answer:
Step one: After pollen has landed on the stigma, it grows a pollen tube down through the style to the ovary. Step two: The nucleus of the pollen grain travels down the pollen tube and fertilises the nucleus in the ovule. Step three: The fertilised ovule develops into a seed.
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When unfavorable growth conditions (for binary fission) are present, however, some bacteria form ____________.
The blank space in the task content should be filled with endospores.
What other reproduction form is exhibited by bacteria in unfavorable growth conditions?As an alternative reproduction form, during endospore formation, the bacterium divides within its cell wall, in which case, one part engulfs the other. Endospores are resistant to harsh growth conditions and are able to survuve these conditions and lie dormant for extended periods, even centuries.
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8. if a chemist calculates the maximum amount of product that could be obtained in a chemical reaction, he or she is calculating the
a. percentage yield.
b. mole ratio.
c. theoretical yield.
d. actual yield.
Answer:
they are calculating the theoretical yield
reviewing Meiosis:
Diagram the phases of meiosis using colored pencils to show the homozygous pairs.
a. the starting cell is 2n. how many chromosomes does it have?
b. hom many chromosomes will it have after Meiosis 1?
c. how many chromosomes will it have after Meiosis 2?
a. the starting cell is 2n. how many chromosomes does it have?
30 chromosomesb. hom many chromosomes will it have after Meiosis 1?
23 chromosomesc. how many chromosomes will it have after Meiosis 2?
15 chromosomes.Distinguish between conditioned and simple reflexes
Answer:
Simple reflex action is not really learned and is automatic and involuntary whereas conditioned reflex action is voluntary and has to be learned.
Explanation:
Ms. Gates has recently become dually eligible for medicare and medicaid. She is very concerned about how this will affect her prescription drug coverage. What should you tell her?.
If Ms. Gates is eligible for both the Medicare and the Medicaid, then her drugs will be covered under part D. So, she should be informed that Medicare will generally cover the drugs. But the ones that are not covered will be covered under Medicaid.
The Medicare and Medicaid program are federal and state government program for the people who have limited assets and are 65 or older.
These program provides healthcare coverage to the people. The Medicare program although covers most of the drugs, but some drugs are excluded from the Medicare, these drugs are mostly covered by Medicaid program.
So, the Ms. Gates should be informed that all her drugs will be covered under the Medicare and Medicaid privileges.
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Having curved or straight thumbs is thought to be a Mendelian trait, and the
straight allele is thought by many geneticists to be dominant. Assuming this is
correct, how would you expect the thumbs of someone with two curved-thumb
alleles to look?
Answer:
considering the straight allele is dominant then the curved thumb allele must be recessive. so,if someone has two recessive alleles they will express that characteristic. Therefore, the person's thumbs would be curved
What is the lock and key theory?
Lock and key theory states that enzymes have a specific shape that directly correlates to the shape of the substrate.
What is the lock and key theory of enzymes?Enzymes are globular protein that catalyses a biological chemical reaction.
One of the characteristics of enzymes is that they are usually substrate-specific i.e. They bind and act to a particular substrate.
This characteristics is explained by the lock and key theory of enzymes, which states that enzymes have a specific shape that directly correlates to the shape of the substrate.
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Certain preparations contain killed or weakened live biological agents that, upon injection into our body, protect the body against those pathogens. what are these preparations called? a. vaccines b. enzymes c. t cells
(02.07 MC)
The table below shows population data for a particular country in 2010:
Population (millions) 40.5
Births (per 1,000)
30
Deaths (per 1,000) 3
Total Fertility Rate 3.3
Infant Mortality Rate
(per 1,000 births)
Which of the following would explain why the total fertility rate is 3.8 five years later?
2
O A governmental policy to ensure replacement-level fertility remains constant even though there is no change in death rate.
Females are being given fewer educational opportunities so there is a reluctance to have children.
Couples are able to settle down at younger ages and quality of life has improved in the nation.
O The birth rate is determined to be 28 births for every 1,000 individuals five years later.
Option D seems to provide the most information about the total fertility rate, which is 3.8 five years later.
Why does fertility decline over time?A variety of factors contribute to the decline in fertility rates. One of the factors is primarily due to job changes, reproductive health issues, and other factors.
Thus, the answer is option D is the mathematical option that best explains the total fertility rate of 3.8 five years later.
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The origins of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle are the __________.
The origins of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle are the lateral condyle and posterior surface of the femur.
What is a gastrocnemius muscle?A gastrocnemius muscle is also referred to as leg triceps and it can be defined as the largest, posterior, and most superficial muscle of the calf of the human leg, which enables the flexing of the knee and foot because it runs to the Achilles tendon from two lateral heads that are attached to the femur.
In this context, we can infer and logically deduce that the lateral condyle and posterior surface of the femur are the origins of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle.
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reviewing Meiosis:
????
Answer:
Meiosis is a special type of cell division of germ cells in sexually-reproducing organisms that produces the gametes, such as sperm or egg cells. It involves two rounds of division that ultimately result in four cells with only one copy of each chromosome.
Explanation:
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How does Hydrosphere affect atmosphere during Australia bushfire?
Which of the following describes a renewable of active solar energy?
A. Sustainable lack of a mission
B. Unlimited, clean energy source
C. Replenishable but not renewable
D. Needs energy grid for electricity
Answer:
C: replenishable but not renewable
Explanation:
List the four types of stem cells, give an
example of each type, and explain how much
each type
can differentiate
Answer:
Totipotent Stem Cells - They can differentiate into any type of human body cell or the placenta.
Example: Fertilized egg cells.
Pluripotent Stem Cells are from totipotent cells and can differentiate into any cell in the human body; however, not many are in the placenta.
Example: Blastocyst cells.
Multipotent Stem Cells - They can only differentiate into closely related cells.
Example: Blood stem cell
Unipotent Stem Cells - They can only produce their type of cell.
Example: Skin stem cells (which can only become a new skin stem cell).
Explanation:
Name three industries in the North?
Which act prompted the developers to install stormwater management systems to handle the movement of polluted water? The_______prompted the developers to install stormwater management systems to handle the movement of polluted water.
US clean water act as a prompted the developers to install stormwater management systems to handle the movement of polluted water.
What is the role of us clean water act?The Clean Water Act (CWA) establishes the fundamental framework for controlling pollution discharges into American waters and setting quality criteria for surface waters.
In 1972, the US Clean Water Act was adopted. The Act's principal goal was to control and minimize the entry of pollutants into water bodies. This was done to make the water bodies cleaner, clearer, and more suitable for usage by the general public and the abundant life forms that were already present.
In order to handle the removal of contaminated water from the water bodies, the developers decided to install stormwater management systems.
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Schools are looking for a balanced food option to serve their students.
they are looking for a food that has some carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
1. identify a food on the list that has some of each of the macromolecules.
2. explain how you know that the food has the macromolecules.
hint:
start your exploration with a food that is common in schools!
Schools have to give proper meals and carbohydrates to students.
What is a balanced diet?A balanced diet is one that includes a variety of foods in the right amounts and ratios to meet the body's needs for calories, proteins, minerals, vitamins, and other nutrients. A small portion of the diet is also set aside for extra nutrients to last through the brief period of leanness. In this situation, we must choose a unique menu that offers the
In this context, we have to first prepare the list of the number of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins and then we have to identify the maximum amount required in the meal. then observe the common food in the school.
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which list of names is the correct order for filing in an alphabetic system?
The list of names in the correct order using the alphabetic system will have the names listed from the letters A to Z.
What is the correct ordering of names in an alphabetic system?An alphabetic system is a system which orders items based on the ordering of alphabets.
The alphabets in English language are 26 in number from A to Z.
Since no names were provided, the list of names in the correct order using the alphabetic system will have the names listed from the letters A to Z.
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Which phrase used by the president was specifically chosen to convince the public to support the war?
“facts of yesterday”
“unprovoked and dastardly attack”
“have already formed their opinions”
“a state of war has existed”
The phrase used by the president was specifically chosen to convince the public to support the war is “unprovoked and dastardly attack”. Thus, option "B" is correct.
How, support your answer?President Roosevelt was in office when Pearl Harbor happened, and it was the perfect occasion that the government of the United States needed to enter a war that was clearly being won by the Germans and Japanese, they had already taken decisions prior to this to help the allies, but they couldn´t directly send troops when the bombings on Pearl Harbor took place, and since the USA had never provoked, attacked or done anything to upset Japan, they were now able to declare war on Japan an its allies.
Thus, option "B" is correct.
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Answer:
B
Explanation:
Did the assignment
Which would cause postsynaptic stimulation to end?.
Options:
A. They depend on the myelination of nerve axons
B. They include EPSPs and IPSPs
C. They are changes in the membrane potential of the postsynaptic terminal of a chemical synapse
D. They are caused by neurotransmitters
Answer:
They include EPSPs and IPSPsThey are changes in the membrane potential of the postsynaptic terminal of a chemical synapseThey are caused by neurotransmitters. Thus, the correct option is B, C, D.What is postsynaptic stimulation?An additional neuron known as a fascilitator is triggered when the postsynaptic neuron receives an unconditioned stimulation. The presynaptic neuron then responds to this cell, leading to sensitization.
When the neurotransmitter separates from its receptor, postsynaptic potentials start to be terminated. After that, the receptor is free to resume its original structural form. The receptor will now reopen ion channels that were opened when the neurotransmitter was attached to it.
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In general, how might recombinant dna technology be used to prevent a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene?.
Recombinant DNA technology is used to prevent a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene by reinserting nucleotide sequences in a normal linear order.
What is a gene?A gene is a fragment of single-stranded DNA that is used during transcription and translation to produce a protein.
A mutated gene has a different nucleotide sequence when compared to the normal gene, which can be corrected by using recombined normal sequences.
In conclusion, recombinant DNA technology is used to prevent a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene by reinserting nucleotide sequences in a normal linear order.
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