Exothermic reaction that has an overall increase in entropy is always spontaneous.
Exothermic reactions are defined as "reactions with a negative total standard enthalpy change ΔH⚬." Exothermic reactions typically produce heat.An exothermic reaction is one that releases energy in the form of light or heat. Thus, in an exothermic process, energy is transferred into the environment rather than taken from it, as in an endothermic reaction. The change in enthalpy ( ΔH) in an exothermic reaction is negative.
As a result, the net amount of energy required to start an exothermic reaction is less than the net amount of energy produced by the process. The net quantity of heat energy that passes through a calorimeter, an instrument used to quantify the heat emitted by a chemical reaction, is equal to the negative of the total energy change of the system.
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Answer:
Explanation: C)always spontaneous
Calculate Δ H o for the following reaction in two ways, using the data given below.
H2(g) + I2(g) → 2HI(g)
(a) Using the equation Δ H o rxn = ∑ (BE(reactants)) − ∑ (BE(products)) ???kJ/mol
(b) Using the equation Δ H o rxn = ∑ (nΔ H o f (products)) − ∑ (mΔ H o f (reactants)) ??? kJ/mol
a). According to given question using the equation ΔH°rxn = -9.2kJ/mol
b). According to given question using the second equation ΔH°rxn = -9.2kJ/mol
How do you define reaction in chemistry?In a reaction mixture, one or maybe more compounds called as reactants—are changed into one or maybe more additional substances—also known or products. Substances or compounds make up substances.
Briefing:Hess's law allows you to calculate the H of the a reaction given the H at which the compounds participating in the reaction were formed, as shown below:
ΔH°rxn = ∑(BE(reactants)) − ∑(BE(products))
Or:
ΔH°rxn = ∑(nΔH°f (products)) − ∑(mΔH°f (reactants))
For the reaction:
H₂(g) + I₂(g) → 2HI(g)
a). Using the first equation:
ΔH°rxn = ΔH (H-H) + ΔH (I-I) - 2ΔHBE (H-I)
ΔH°rxn = 436.4kJ + 151kJ - 2×298.3kJ
ΔH°rxn = -9.2kJ/mol
b). Using the second equation:
ΔH°rxn = 2Δ°f (HI) − ΔH°f (H₂) - ΔH°f (I₂)
ΔH°rxn = 2×25.9kJ - 0kJ - 61.0kJ
ΔH°rxn = -9.2kJ/mol
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if the reaction begins with 95.00 grams of cr2o3 and 183.0 grams of silicon, how many grams of the excess reactant will be used?
The limiting reactant is the one that is used up first and sets a limit on the quantity of product(s) that can be produced. Calculate the moles of each reactant present and contrast this ratio with the mole ratio of the reactants in the balanced chemical equation to determine the limiting reactant.
When a chemical reaction is complete, the limiting reagent—also known as the limiting reactant or limiting agent—is the reactant that has been completely consumed. Since the reaction cannot proceed without this reagent, the amount of product that can be produced is constrained. Excess reagents or excess reactants are any reagents that are present in amounts greater than those necessary to cause a reaction with the limiting reagent (sometimes abbreviated as "xs"). Since the amount of product produced when the limiting reagent interacts entirely is defined as the theoretical yield, the limiting reagent must be identified in order to calculate the percentage yield of a reaction. There are various equivalent techniques to determine the limiting reagent and assess the excess amounts of other reagents given the balanced chemical equation that describes the reaction.
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a battery harnesses a chemical reaction to extract energy in the form of useful electrical work. (a) a certain battery runs a toy truck and becomes par- tially discharged. in the process, it performs a total of 117.0 j of work on its immediate surroundings. it also gives off 3.0 j of heat, which the surroundings absorb. no other work or heat is exchanged with the sur- roundings. compute q, w, and du of the battery, making sure each quantity has the proper sign. (b) the same battery is now recharged exactly to its origi- nal condition. this requires 210.0 j of electrical work from an outside generator. determine q for the battery in this process. explain why q has the sign that it does.
The values of ΔU , w and q are -220.0 J, -117.0 J and -3.0 J respectively. As the heat is gained by the system it has a positive sign. Therefore, the value of q is 10.0 J.
A.
Here, battery is the given system. It does work to run the toy truck. Hence work ( w ) is done by the system, therefore, it's sign should be negative.
Battery releases heat to the surrounding, hence, the sign of heat ( q ) is also negative.
Write the mathematical expression for First law of thermodynamics.
ΔU = q + w
Substitute -3 J for q and -117.0 J for w to calculate ΔU of the battery.
ΔU = (-117.0 J)+(-3.0 J)
-220
That means, in this process the internal energy of the system decreases by 220 J.
Therefore, the values of ΔU , w and q are -220.0 J, -117.0 J and -3.0 J respectively.
B.
Now, the battery is recharged to its original condition. As the system has lost 220 J of energy so it
will have to gain 220 J of energy to reach its original condition.
Since, work is done on the battery by an external generator, w will have a positive sign.
Write the mathematical expression for First law of thermodynamics.
ΔU = q + w
Solve for q.
q = ΔU - w
Substitute +220.0 J for ΔU and +210.0 J for w to calculate the value of q.
q = (220.0 J) -(210.0 J)
= 10.0 J
As the heat is gained by the system it has a positive sign. Therefore, the value of q is 10.0 J.
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Prediction: If an increase in temperature increases the rate of evaporation of
water, then an increase in average daily temperatures will decrease lake water
levels over a two-year period.
Which of the following best describes this prediction?
OA. The prediction is useful because it specifies what observations
will be made to test a hypothesis.
OB. The prediction is not useful because scientists are skeptical of
anyone who claims to see into the future.
OC. The prediction is useful because it proves that the hypothesis is
true before any data have been collected.
OD. The hypothesis is not useful because it is too long as a sentence
and therefore difficult to read.
A. The prediction is useful because it specifies what observations will be made to test a hypothesis.
A prediction is a statement about what is expected to happen based on a particular hypothesis. In this case, the prediction is that an increase in average daily temperatures will decrease lake water levels over a two-year period. This prediction is useful because it specifies a clear and specific observation that can be made to test the hypothesis that an increase in temperature increases the rate of evaporation of water.
provide the major organic product of the following reaction
A secondary amine, that is. The main organic product that results from the following reaction is 3-dimethylbutan-2-amine, option (B).
How can you identify the main reactions products?There are two possible outcomes when an asymmetrical alkene is combined with an asymmetrical reactant like HBr, HCl, or H2O. The main product of this reaction can be predicted using the Markovnikov Rule, which stipulates that hydrogen will be added to the carbon with additional hydrogen.
What does an organic chemist mean by a major and minor product?Large and Small Products Out of the two potential products, Markovnikov's rule-following product is referred to as the principal product. Most of the time, this substance will form (70%–95%).
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A silver-colored metal is placed in a blue solution. After a few minutes, a red coating forms
on the metal and the solution turns clear. Which best describes the products of this
reaction?
The reaction when silver metal is coated with red color after the reaction is known as displacement reaction.
The silver colored metal is coated with red color after reaction so the coating is a single element which is displaced by the silver colored reactant and the silver colored metal will form a compound because it displaces the red colored metal. So the products are a single metal and a compound and the reaction is displacement reaction.
Thus, the reaction describes a displacement reaction.
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Better Life Ind compound has infrared absorptions at the following frequencies: 3300 and 3385 cm-[ (both weak) and no band between 1600 and 1850 cm Suggest the likely functional group that may be preseni ester ketone carboxyl group Submit Answer Try Another Verslon Iten secondary amine alcohol ether aldchyde primary amine primary amide sacondary amide tertiary amine tertiary amide
The likely functional group present is primary amine, Better Life Ind compound has infrared absorptions at the following frequencies: 3300 and 3385 cm-[ (both weak) and no band between 1600 and 1850 cm Suggest the likely functional group that may be preseni ester ketone carboxyl group
There is no C=O in this compound because the IR signal for C=O is ~1700, So the following can't be present: ester, ketone, carboxyl group, aldehyde, primary amide, secondary amide, and tertiary amide , There is no -OH group because the IR signal for -OH is broad at ~3400, So the following can't be present: alcohol, Now the choices, we are left with are: primary amine, secondary amine, and tertiary amine .Note that the primary amine results in 2 bands, secondary amine results in only 1 band, and teritary amine results in no bands near ~3300. This represents the N-H stretching. The likely functional group present is primary amine
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In the reaction C2H6O, O2, CO2, and H2O What element is oxidized? What element is reduced? What molecule is oxidizing agent? What molecule is reducing agent?
In the reaction C2H6O, O2, CO2, and H2O this is an oxidation-reduction reaction. C2H6 is a reducing agent, and O2 is an oxidizing agent.
What does mean of oxidation and reduction?Oxidation:- Oxidation is a process which involves the addition of oxygen or any electronegative element or the removal of hydrogen or any electropositive element.
Oxidation is defined as the process in which an atom or ion loses one or more electrons.
Reduction:- Reduction is a process which involves the addition of hydrogen or any electropositive element or the removal of oxygen or any electronegative element.
Reduction is defined as the process in which an atom or ion gains one or more electrons.
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2. How many valence electrons does each atom have?
Sodium:_______
Chlorine:______
Answer:
Sodium Valence Electrons: 1
Chlorine Valence Electrons: 7
Explanation:
Sodium has 1 valence electron while Chlorine has 7 valence electrons.
Question 45 4.00 moles of sodium have a mass of 0 11.08 0 44.03. 92.03. 4603
4.00 moles of Sodium have a mass equivalent to 92 grams.
Sodium contains 12 neutrons and 11 protons and has a mass number of 23, which means one mole (6.022 X 1023) of sodium have a mass of 23 grams
Atomic mass of Sodium =23 grams/mol
Mass of 1.00 mole of sodium = 23 grams
Mass of 4.00 moles of sodium = 4 X 23 grams
= 92 grams
Therefore, 4.00 moles of Sodium have a mass equivalent to 92 grams.
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Consider the following four molecules. Which of these satisfy the octet rule and which do not? Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins. ► View Available Hint(s) Reset Help PF5 CS2 BBr3 CO32 Obeys octet rule Violates octet rule Submit Previous Answers Request Answer
Among the molecules that are given in question one that violates the octet rule is BBr3.
The octet rule states that atoms tend to gain or lose electrons in order to have eight electrons in their outermost energy level. This is because having eight electrons in the outermost energy level provides a more stable arrangement for the atoms. This is why most atoms form chemical bonds in order to achieve this octet configuration. In the case of the molecules listed, PF5, CS2, and CO32- all have eight electrons in their outermost energy level and therefore follow the octet rule. However, BF3 only has six electrons in its outermost energy level, which violates the octet rule. This means that BF3 is less stable than the other molecules and may be more reactive as a result. Overall, the octet rule is a useful guideline for predicting the stability and reactivity of atoms and molecules. By understanding the octet rule, chemists can better predict the behavior of different atoms and molecules, and can design more effective chemical reactions and processes.
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32. A bundle of 70-100, mostly undifferentiated human cells is....... a) axon b) neuron c)blastocyst: d)chondrocyte_
d)chondrocyte. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is preserved by chondrocytes, who also create the cartilage matrix. Chondrocytes, which are encircled by collagenous fibers, emit chemicals.
That give cartilage its strength and flexibility. In general, chondrocytes are present in all types of articular cartilage, including intervertebral discs (AC). The only type of specialized cell found in cartilage tissue are chondrocytes. Chondrocytes are the cells that produce cartilage and are essential for the endochondral ossification process, which is important for bone growth. Additionally, chondrocytes play a crucial role in fracture repair by imitating skeletal growth. The cartilage matrix is created and maintained by chondrocytes. They are essential for maintaining the AC joints' homeostasis and providing cushioning for joint motion. Chondrocyte enlargement and the production of proteolytic enzymes result in cartilage degradation. These enzymes that break down the ECM include matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS).
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What is the name of the compound: CoN: #spelling counts! Answer: Name the following acid: HI
Iodides are made by reacting hydrogen iodide (HI), also known as hydroiodic acid, with metals or their oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates.
The acid in this instance is Hydroiodic acid (HI) entirely dissociates in water, making it a powerful acid. Iodine is bigger than hydrogen, which is smaller. As a result, the electron cloud's overlapping is likewise not very appropriate. This results in an extremely low binding energy between hydrogen and iodine. An aqueous solution of hydrogen iodide is known as hydroiodic acid (or hydriodic acid). It is a potent acid that totally ionizes in aqueous solutions. It has no color. Concentrated solutions typically range in HI from 48% to 57%.
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2. The concentration of HCI in a solution is 1 x 10^-2 mol/L. What would the pH
of the solution be?
(Hint: use pH = -log[H3O+])
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
What is the molecular geometry of the SBr6 molecule? a)octahedral b)trigonal bipyramidal c)tetrahedral d)bent e)trigonal pyramidal
The molecular geometry of the SBr6 molecule is a) octahedral.
Molecular Geometry:
Molecular geometry is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms that make up a molecule. This includes not only the general shape of the molecule, but also bond lengths, bond angles, torsion angles, and all other geometric parameters that determine the position of each atom.
Molecular structure influences several properties of matter, such as reactivity, polarity, phase, color, magnetism, and bioactivity. The bond angles an atom falls into are only slightly dependent on the rest of the molecule. That is, they are mostly local and can therefore be understood as transferable properties.
Octahedral Molecular geometry:The concept of octahedral coordination geometry was developed by Alfred Werner to describe the stoichiometry and isomerism of coordination compounds.
In chemistry, the octahedral molecular geometry, also called the tetragonal bipyramid, consists of six atoms or groups of atoms or ligands arranged symmetrically around a central atom and defining the vertices of the octahedron. represents the shape of a compound with The octahedron has eight faces, so the prefix is okta.
This is because the molecule is composed of 6 Br atoms that are arranged symmetrically around the central S atom, forming an octahedron.
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Acetaminophen, better known as paracetamol, has the following Lewis structure: (a) What are the approximate values of the bond angles labelled 1, 2, and 3? (b) What hybrid orbitals are used about the central atom of each of these angles? (c) How many bonds are in the molecule?
(a) What are the approximate values of the bond angles labelled 1, 2, and 3?
Bond Angle 1 = 105°
Bond Angle 2 = 120°
Bond Angle 3 = 120°
(b) What hybrid orbitals are used about the central atom of each of these angles?
Oxygen at 1 = [tex]sp^{3}[/tex] = Bent
Carbon at 2 = [tex]sp^{2}[/tex] = Trigonal Planar
Carbon at 3 = [tex]sp^{2}[/tex] = Trigonal Planar
(c) How many bonds are in the molecule?
Number of bonds = 20
Molecule : Molecules are made up of one or more atoms. The smallest particle of a substance that has all of the chemical and physical properties of that substance. For example, oxygen atom is represented as O, oxygen molecule is represented as [tex]O_{2}[/tex].
Molecules are of 3 types : Molecule of an atom, Molecule of an element and Molecule of a compound. There are four major classes of large biological molecules—carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
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C4H6 VSEPR shape and Hybridization of central atom CH3COOH VSEPR shape and Hybridization of central atom CH3CH2OH VSEPR shape and Hybridization of central atom
The core of methanol, CH3CH2OH, has three atoms: two C and one O. Each internal (centre) atom's molecular (and electron-domain) shape is assigned separately. Tetrahedral geometry surrounds the first C. Tetrahedral geometry surrounds the second C.
What is C2H5OH's Vsepr shape?
According to the VSEPR theory, a molecule with an AX4 designation has a tetrahedral form, making ethanol or C2H5OH a tetrahedral molecule.
What are the CH3CH2OH bond angles?
The following diagram depicts the structure of ethanol (CH3CH2OH C H 3 C H 2 O H). This demonstrates that the oxygen atom is surrounded by two bonding groups and two lone pairs. The geometry of the electron would then be tetrahedral. Therefore, the carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen link should have a theoretical bond angle of around 109.5 degrees.
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A polyunsaturated fatty acid contains more than one hydroxyl group. carboxyl group. double bond long carbon chain. carbonyl group.
Yes a polyunsaturated fatty acid contains more than one
Double bond long carbon chain.
What is fatty acid?Fatty acid is a type of acid that is found in only fat and oils.
A fatty acid containing more than one double bond (C=C). The essential fatty acids. The reason is omega-3 and omega-6 are the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that contain more than two or more (cis) double bonds. Dietary that is intake of some PUFAs may of have beneficial effects on the blood pressure, serum and lipds, and the inflammation.
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NMR spectroscopy, or ____magnetic resonance spectroscopy, is a very important tool in the determination of organic structures. this technique relies on the interaction of a particular nucleus with a____ field followed by absorption of energy of a specific____ , depending on the chemical environment of the nucleus.
A crucial technique in identifying organic compounds is NMR spectroscopy, often known as magnetic resonance spectroscopy. dependent on the chemical environment of the nucleus, followed by the absorption of energy at a certain frequency, depending on the chemical environment of the nucleus.
Why would someone utilize NMR spectroscopy?The study of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of matter is done using NMR spectroscopy. It helps chemists identify and characterize molecules.
How is the identification of organic compounds accomplished using NMR spectroscopy?In order to understand unknown organic compounds, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a crucial technology. But it has a low sensitivity, and there are numerous elements without an isotope that can be seen by NMR. A comprehensive structural elucidation therefore requires a variety of spectroscopic techniques.
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nuclear decay occurs according to first-order kinetics. a nuclide decays in 23.0 minutes from 12.9 g to 2.04 g. what is the rate constant for the nuclide?
The nuclide's rate constant is 0.0803 min-1 assuming first-order kinetics governs nuclear decay. A nuclide degrades from 12.9 g down 2.04 g in 23.0 minutes.
Exactly why do nuclear atoms degrade?When a nuclear configuration with a lower energy is available to which an atom can transition, the atom radioactively decays. It's not the product of the atom aging or changing over time; rather, the actual decay occurrence of a single atom occurs arbitrarily.
How is nuclear decay a reaction?Nuclear reactions can be divided into two categories: nuclear transmutation reactions and nuclear decay reactions. An unstable nucleus emits while undergoing nuclear decay, also known as radioactive decay, when it becomes the nucleus of one or several other elements.
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Draw the Lewis structure for BrF with an arrow representing the dipole moment. Refer to Figure 9.10 to estimate the percent ionic character of the BrF bond.
If we examine the central Br atom in the BrF Lewis structure, we find that it has 5 unbonded electrons. In other words, it has two lone pairs of electrons in Br and one unpaired electron.
There are six free electrons. Each fluorine atom contains three lone pairs of electrons, or three fluorine atoms in total. Brf Lewis octet rule structure. Lewis structures, often referred to as Lewis dot formulas, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures (LEDS), are diagrams that depict the interactions of atoms in molecules as well as any lone pairs of electrons that may be present. The elementary electric charge of the electron, a subatomic particle, is a negative one.
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biochemical tests for food macromolecules
Benedict's test is a biochemical test that determines food macromolecules. Benedict's reagent is a complicated mixture of copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, sodium carbonate, and sodium citrate used as a chemical reagent.
A chemical test called Benedict's test can be used to determine whether an analyte contains reducing sugars. This test can therefore be used to identify simple carbohydrates that include a free ketone or aldehyde functional group.
It is frequently applied in place of Fehling's solution to find reducing sugars. The presence of additional lowering agents also produces positive results.
The final color of the reagent will be "hotter" if more reducing sugar is present. Bright orange is a very strong positive, yellowish to bright yellow is a moderate positive, and blue to blue-green or yellow-green is typically negative.
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most fertilizers consist of nitrogen-containing compounds such as NH3,CaCN2,KNO3 and (NH4)2SO4. plants use the nitrogen content in these compounds for protein synthesis. calculate the mass percent composition of nitrogen in CaCN2
CaCN2 = 35%
To calculate the mass percent of element in a given compound, we use the formula:
[tex]\text { Mass percent of nitrogen }=\frac{\text { Mass of nitrogen }}{\text { Mass of } CaCN2}=\frac{28}{80} \times 100=35 \%[/tex]
What is the mass percent?A mass percent is a technique of or expressing a concentration or a factor in a combination. A degree could be manifested using the mass percent. The mass percentage of the solute consisted in a given mass of solution can be used to describe the solution composition.
What is solute?A solute is a matter that is dissolved in a mixture. A solute is called a substance. While preparing a solution, there are three factors involved: the solute, the diluent and the resulting solution. A solute is dissolved in a diluent, and one or more solvents or solutes form a solution.
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Perform at ta tion using half life Question e expressions can be derived from H Select the correct answer below
O rate laws integrated rate laws
O relative rate expressions
O none of the above
MORE INSTRUCTION SUBMIT Content Anaswa
Rate law expression is in the differential form while integrated rate law expression using integral calculus, where concentration of reactants and time are interrelated, so half life can be derived from integrated rate law. Option is (B)
A rate law demonstrates the relationship between reaction rate and reactant concentration. In general, the rate law for a reaction like aA products takes the form rate = k[A]n, where k is the proportionality constant referred to as the rate constant and n is the order of the reaction with respect to A. Rate laws can be represented as an integrated rate law or a differential rate law, which describes the actual reactant or product concentrations as a function of time. A differential rate law describes the change in reactant or product concentrations as a function of time.
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Which of the following molecules is polar? A. CO2 B. H2C=CH2 C. H2S D. BeCl2 E. BF3
A. Polar CO2 molecules.
How can you tell if something is polar and nonpolar?Non-polar molecules lack unshared electrons and are symmetrical.
Polar molecules were asymmetric, either having atoms with differing electronegativities bound together or having single pairs of electrons on the a core atom.
What does the term "polar" and "nonpolar" mean?Because they not dissolve into water and nonpolar molecules are insoluble in water, fats, oil, gasoline, and other non-polar molecules are referred to as such.On the basis of how the hydrogen and oxygen atoms are arranged within it, glucose is yet another illustration of a polar molecule.
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When 1-chlorobutane is treated with sodium hydroxide, two products are formed_ 14.17a1 Identify the two products: (Select all that apply:) a)1-butyne b) 1-butanal c)1-butene d)2-butanol e)2-butene f)1-butanol
Two products that are created 1-Butene and 1-Butanol are produced when sodium hydroxide is used to treat 1-Chlorobutane.
NaOH + CH3CH2CH2CH2-Cl NaCl + CH3CH2CH2CH2-OH
This is a substitution reaction as opposed to an elimination reaction. One of the primary (1°) alkyl halides, 1-chlorobutane, is "unhindered," and sodium hydroxide's hydroxide ion (OH-) is a potent nucleophile. In this reaction, the hydroxide will take the place of the chloro group to produce solely 1-butanol. The alkyl halide must be sterically inhibited, that is, either tertiary (3°) or secondary (2°), for elimination to take place. However, substitution reactions can also take place for 2° alkyl halides as a rival process, producing a variety of products.
When 1-chlorobutane is present in a sodium hydroxide solution and an E2 elimination takes place, the hydroxide will vigorously deprotonate the 1-chlorobutane. In turn, a double-bond will form and the chlorine group will go as a result. As a result, but-1-ene will be the end result.
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Describe a situation in industrial/environmental chemistry, where it would be important to factor in knowledge of limiting and excess reactants?
A task for limiting reagent of reactant inside a chemical reaction is significant since it can aid the scientist in predicting the maximum amount of reactant is used,
What significance does limiting surplus reactant or percent yield have?The reactant that limits the amount or product that may be generated in a scientific reaction is referred to as the limiting reactant.Since there is more of the surplus reactant than is required to fully react with limiting reactant, part of a excess reactant is still present after reaction is finished.
Why is it crucial to understand the limiting factor?The same limiting variables may be present in many habitats and may have an impact on the populations of the both species of plants and animals.The carrying capacity of a habitat—the most population it can sustain—is ultimately determined by limiting conditions.
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Classify each of the following diatomic species as ionic, polar covalent or nonpolar covalent. Bra CsBr NaCl Cao HCI 02 KE HBr
The classification of each of the following diatomic species as ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent is given below:
Br₂ - nonpolar covalentCsBr - ionicNaCl - ionicCaO - ionicHCl - polar covalentO₂ - nonpolar covalentKF - ionicHBr - polar covalentWhat are diatomic species?Diatomic species are species that are composed of two atoms alone which may be the same or different atoms.
When the two atoms of a diatomic species are of the same element, the species formed is a molecule of the element.
When the two atoms of a diatomic species are of different elements, the species formed is a molecule of a compound.
The nature of the given diatomic species is determined by the atoms present in the diatomic species.
If the atoms have similar electronegativities, a non-polar covalent species are formed.
If the atoms have different electronegativities, polar covalent species or ionic species are formed.
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HI is an Arrhenius acid because A) it is a polar molecule. B) it can dissolve in water. C) it produces hydronium ions in solution. D) it produces hydroxide ions in solution.
According to Arrhenius concept a substance that dissociate into water and produce H+ ion or H3O+ ion or proton in the solution called acid.
As HI dissociate into H3O+ and I- ion .
HI(g) + H2O(l) -----> H3O+(aq) + I-(aq)
Thus it gives H3O+ ion .
Therefore, HI is a acid.
Thus option-C is correct.
One or more of the protons in Bronsted acids are released as hydrogen ions, which interact with water molecules.
Lewis acids release hydrogen ions from water after removing one or more hydroxyl ions, which again create hydronium ions.
A weak acid produces hydronium ions when it partially interacts with water.
Water completely deprotonates a strong acid.In water, a weak acid only partly deprotonates.Strong acids that are commonly found in water include HBr, HCl, HI, HNO3, HClO4, and H2SO4.Learn more about to Arrhenius acid visit here;
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Which of the following is NOT a multivalent ion? A. Au+
B. Ni²+
C. Zn^2+
D. Pb^2+
The Au+ is not a multivalent ion.
What is multivalent ion?
Having more than one valency or having a valency greater than three is referred to as being multivalent (comparatively more multivalent, superlatively most multivalent).
What is ion?
Ions are atoms or groups of atoms that have a different number of electrons than proton atoms. If there are more protons than electrons, the particle is a negative ion, sometimes referred to as a cation.
The all the ions are having the valence electron is 2 so they are considered as multivalent ion, Au+ having one valence electron it is not fall under multivalent ion.
Therefore, Au+ is not a multivalent ion.
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