hello can you please help me
define x-ray with examples and it's uses?​

The length measurements in increasing order of magnitude from smallest to largest is Nanometer, micrometer, centimeter, decimeter, dekameter, kilometer.

Measurement is the quantification of attributes of an object or event, which can be used to compare with other objects or events.

Measurement is a process of determining how large or small a physical quantity is as compared to a basic reference quantity of the same kind.

Hence, Among the given length measurements, The increasing order of magnitude from smallest to largest is Nanometer, micrometer, centimeter, decimeter, dekameter, kilometer.

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Answer:

Ba, Pb, Sn, Se, Cl

Explanation:

The atomic radius increases when going right to left and top to bottom on the periodic table and decreases going the opposite way so I put it in order based on that.

The standard enthalpy change associated with the given reaction at 25 °C using the following enthalpies of formation will be − 902.4 kJ

The standard enthalpy change of formation of a compound is the enthalpy change which occurs when one mole of the compound is formed from its elements under standard conditions, and with everything in its standard state.

According to the balanced chemical equation ;

CH₄(g) + 2O₂(g) ⟶ CO₂(g) + 2H₂O(l)

Now,

ΔH⁰ = ΔH⁰f(products) − ΔH⁰f(reactants)

​

       = [ΔH⁰(CO₂) +ΔH⁰(H₂O)] − [ΔH⁰(CH₄) + 2ΔH⁰(O₂)]

       = [−393.5 + 2 x (−285.8)] − [−62.7 + 2 x 0]

        = − 902.4 kJ

Hence, The standard enthalpy change associated with the given reaction at 25 °C using the following enthalpies of formation will be − 902.4 kJ

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Answer:

2.52 g H₂

Explanation:

To find the mass of hydrogen gas, you need to (1) convert moles H₂O to moles H₂ (via mole-to-mole ratio from reaction coefficient) and then (2) convert moles H₂ to grams H₂ (via molar mass from periodic table values). When multiplying the given value by the mole-to-mole ratio, you need to use the coefficients of the balanced equation. An reaction is balanced once there is an equal amount of each element on both sides.

(Step 1)

The unbalanced equation:

Ca(s) + H₂O(l) ----> Ca(OH)₂(aq) + H₂(g)

Reactants: 1 calcium, 2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen

Products: 1 calcium, 4 hydrogen, 2 oxygen

The balanced equation:

1 Ca(s) + 2 H₂O(l) ----> 1 Ca(OH)₂(aq) + 1 H₂(g)

Reactants: 1 calcium, 4 hydrogen, 2 oxygen

Products: 1 calcium, 4 hydrogen, 2 oxygen

(Step 2)

Molar Mass (H₂): 2(1.008 g/mol)

Molar Mass (H₂): 2.016 g/mol

(Step 3)

 2.50 moles H₂O              1 mole H₂                  2.016 g
---------------------------  x  -------------------------  x  ----------------------  =  2.52 g H₂
                                        2 moles H₂O                1 mole

The average wavelength of the fluorine molecule will be 2.36 × 10⁻¹¹ metres.

Fluorine Molecule's Speed = 442.4 m/s

The Molar Mass of the F₂ = 38 g/mol

Now as we know that any molecule's

1 mole contain  = 6.022 × 10²³ Molecule

So, 1 Fluorine molecule mass =

Fluorine's Molar mass / Number of Fluorine molecule in 1 mole

So, 1 Fluorine molecule mass = 38 / ( 6.022 × 10²³ )

1 Fluorine molecule mass = 6.31 × 10⁻²³ g

1 Fluorine molecule mass = 6.31 × 10⁻²⁶  Kg

So molecule's momentum = Molecule's mass × Molecule's Velocity

So molecule's momentum = ( 6.31 × 10⁻²⁶ ) × 442.4

So molecule's momentum = 2.8 × 10⁻²³  Kg.m/s

Now wavelength of Fluorine molecule = λ = planks constant / momentum

wavelength of Fluorine molecule = λ = ( 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ ) / ( 2.8 × 10⁻²³ )

wavelength of Fluorine molecule = λ = 2.36 × 10⁻¹¹ metre

So the wavelength of the diatomic fluorine molecule came out to be 2.36 × 10⁻¹¹ metres after applying all the concepts and formulas.

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The pH of the resulting solution is 2.82.

pH is the measure of acidity and alkalinity of a solution , It has a range of 1 to 14.

HCl          +                   NaOH      →         NaCl       +         H₂O

0.0040                         .0025                 0                       0

0.0040 -0.0025             0                   0.0025          0.0025

Moles of HCl = 0.0015

As 0.0025 moles of NaOH reacts with 0.0025 moles of HCl leaving behind 0.0015 moles of HCl

Concentration of HCl = 0.0015/ 1 = 0.0015 M

[ H⁺] = 0.0015 M

pH = -log [ H⁺]

pH = -log [ 0.0015]

pH = 2.82

Therefore the pH of the resulting solution is 2.82.

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In terms of the disappearance of the reactants, the rate equations are R= -kd[I-]/dt and  -kd[OCl-]/dt.

The term ionic reaction refers to the reaction that takes place between two ions. In this case, the ionic reaction is; I-(aq) + OCl-(aq) -------> Cl-(aq) + OI-(aq).

The rate equations in terms of the disappearance of the reactants is;

R= -kd[I-]/dt

And

R = -kd[OCl-]/dt

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Answer:

C.) Csp² - Nsp³

Explanation:

Because the carbon has only 3 unique bonds, the conformation of the carbon should be Csp² (s + p + p). While the nitrogen also has only 3 bonds, making up 3 orbitals, it also has a lone pair of electrons. These electrons also take up one orbital. Therefore, the conformation of nitrogen is Nsp³ (s + p + p + p).

The hybrid orbitals overlap to form the sigma bonds between the indicated atoms in xanthine is Csp2 and Nsp3.

Hybridization is defined as the concept of the mixing of the atomic orbitals for the formation of new hybrid orbitals which are suitable for the pairing of electrons in forming chemical bonds in valence bond theory. And the orbital formed by the hybridization are termed as hybrid orbitals.

Since the carbon atom form one single bond with hydrogen atom and one pi bond with nitrogen bond, so the conformation of carbon atom is Csp2. On the other hand, nitrogen also form one single bond and a pi bond, so it also contribute three hybrid orbital. Since it have one lone pair of nitrogen so they take one orbitals. Therefore, the conformation of nitrogen atom is Nsp3.

Thus, we concluded that the hybrid orbitals overlap to form the sigma bonds between the indicated atoms in xanthine is Csp2 and Nsp3.

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1.66 M is the concentration of the chemist's working solution.

Molarity (M) is the amount of a substance in a certain volume of solution. Molarity is defined as the moles of a solute per litres of a solution. Molarity is also known as the molar concentration of a solution.

In this case, we have a solution of Zn(NO₃)₂.

The chemist wants to prepare a dilute solution of this reactant.

The stock solution of the nitrate has a concentration of 4.93 M, and he wants to prepare 620 mL of a more dilute concentration of the same solution. He adds 210 mL of the stock and completes it with water until it reaches 620 mL.

We want to know the concentration of this diluted solution.

As we are working with the same solution, we can assume that the moles of the stock solution will be conserved in the diluted solution so:

[tex]n_1[/tex]= [tex]n_2[/tex]  (1)

and we also know that:

n = M x [tex]V_2[/tex]

If we replace this expression in (1) we have:

[tex]M_1[/tex] x [tex]V_1[/tex]= [tex]M_2[/tex] x [tex]V_2[/tex]

Where 1, would be the stock solution and 2, the solution we want to prepare.

So, we already know the concentration and volume used of the stock solution and the desired volume of the diluted one, therefore, all we have to do is replace the given data in (2) and solve for the concentration which is [tex]M_2[/tex]:

4.93 x 210 =  620 x[tex]M_2[/tex]

[tex]M_2[/tex] = 1.66 M

This is the concentration of the solution prepared.

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A complete ionic equation shows ions formed from each of the species. It also show the charge on each of the ions.It also shows all reactants as compounds or elements. The ions formed and their charges can only be inferred from this equation.

The net ionic equation shows  the chemical species involve in chemical reaction while the complete ionic equation also involve the spectator ions.

These ions are same in both side of chemical reaction and thus cancels out each other.

Their presence can not effect the equilibrium of reaction that's why these ions are omitted in net ionic equation.  

The net ionic equation state that whether precipitation is occur or not.

If the chemical reaction have no net ionic equation it means all are in aqueous from not precipitation occur.

Balanced Chemical equation:

HClO₂(aq) + NaOH(aq) → H₂O(l) + NaClO₂ (aq)

Ionic equation:

H⁺(aq) + ClO₂⁻(aq) + Na⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → H₂O(l) + Na⁺(aq) + ClO₂⁻ (aq)

Net ionic equation:

H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → H₂O(l)  

The ClO₂⁻(aq) and Na⁺ (aq) are spectator ions that's why these are not written in net ionic equation.

The water can not be splitted into ions because it is present in liquid form.

Hence, The net ionic equation shows  the chemical species involve in chemical reaction while the complete ionic equation also involve the spectator ions.

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Question 1

1) The formula of iron(II) iodide is [tex]\text{FeI}_{2}[/tex] and has a formula mass of 309.654 g/mol. This means that in 12.2 grams, there are

So, the molarity is (0.039398812868557)/(0.5) = 0.0788 M (to 3 sf)

2) In 0.039398812868557 mol of iron(II) iodide, there are 0.039398812868557 moles of iron(II) iodide cations, and thus the molarity is still 0.0788 M (to 3 sf)

3) In 0.039398812868557 mol of iron(II) iodide, there are

Thus, the molarity is (0.078797625737114)/(0.5) = 0.158 M (to 3 sf)

Question 2

1) The formula of iron(III) sulfate is [tex]\text{Fe}_{2}\text{(SO}_{4})_{3}[/tex] and has a formula mass of 399.9 g/mol. This means that in 16.8 grams, there are

So, the molarity is (0.042010502625656)/(0.25) = 0.168 M (to 3 sf)

2) In 0.042010502625656 moles of iron(III) sulfate, there are 2(0.042010502625656)=0.084021005251312 moles of iron(III) cations, so the molarity is:

3) In 0.042010502625656 moles of iron(III) sulfate, there are 3(0.042010502625656)=0.12603150787697 moles of sulfate anions, so the molarity is:

Question 3

Since we need 50.0 mL of solution at 0.271 M,

So, we need this from 12.0 M HBr so, meaning that:

The data shown in the Sample of Elements table can be arranged on basis of physical and chemical properties , atomic number , atomic weight , etc .

The data shown in the Sample of Elements table can be arranged in various ways :

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1.199 M is the concentration of KCI in the resulting solution.

A mole is defined as 6.02214076 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex] of some chemical unit, be it atoms, molecules, ions, or others. The mole is a convenient unit to use because of the great number of atoms, molecules, or others in any substance.

No.of moles of KCI

[tex]Moles = \frac{mass}{molar \;mass}[/tex]

[tex]Moles = \frac{44.7 g}{74.5513 g/mol}[/tex]

= 0.599 moles

Vol.of the solution,V= 500 ml

= 0.5 liter

Molarity

[tex]Molality = \frac{Moles \;solute}{Volume \;of \;solution \;in \;litre}[/tex]

[tex]Molality = \frac{0.599 moles}{0.5 liter}[/tex]

= 1.199 M

Hence, 1.199 M is the concentration of KCI in the resulting solution.

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Answer:

1.46 moles NaCl

Explanation:

To find the moles of NaCl, you need to multiply the given value (0.731 moles BaCl₂) by the mole-to-mole ratio of the two relevant molecules. This ratio is made up of the coefficients in the balanced reaction. The numerator should contain moles NaCl to allow for the cancellation of moles BaCl₂. The final answer should have 3 sig figs to reflect the given value.

1 BaCl₂(aq) + Na₂SO₄(aq) ---> BaSO₄(s) + 2 NaCl(aq)

0.731 mole BaCl₂           2 moles NaCl
---------------------------  x  -------------------------  = 1.46 moles NaCl
                                         1 mole BaCl₂

If 0.731 mol of BaCl₂ is allowed to react with an excess of Na₂SO₄, 1.462  moles of NaCl will be produced.

The balanced chemical equation is:

BaCl₂(aq) + Na₂SO₄(aq) → BaSO₄(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

The mole ratio of BaCl₂  to NaCl is 1:2. This means that 1 mole of BaCl2 will produce 2 moles of NaCl.

Moles of BaCl₂  = 0.731 mol

Mole ratio BaCl₂:NaCl = 1:2

Moles of NaCl = 0.731 mol * 2 = 1.462 mol

If we have 0.731 moles of BaCl₂, then we will produce 2 * 0.731 = 1.462 moles of NaCl.

Therefore, 1.462 moles of NaCl will be produced.

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Answer:

B. An astronaut in a spaceship

Isolated system :-

In an isolated system, there is no transfer of energy or matter between the system and the environment.

Hope it helps!

The number of moles of N₂ contained in the flask will be 0.607.

According to Boyle's law, the pressure of a gas tends to drop as the capacity of the container increases. The ideal gas equation is formed from the Boyles and Charles law.

Given data,

Pressure,P= 2.86 ATM

Volume,V = 5.00 L

Universal gas constant,R= 0.08206 L atm/mol K

Temperature,T= 13.86 °C = 286.8 K

From the ideal gas equation;

PV=nRT

2.86 × 5 = n × 0.08206 × 286.8

n = 0.607 moles

Hence the number of moles of N₂ contained in the flask will be 0.607.

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A solution prepared by dissolving 0.0084 moles of HCl in 1500 mL of solution has a Molarity of HCl of 5.6 × 10⁻³ M, a Molarity of H₃O⁺ of 5.6 × 10⁻³ M and a pH of 2.3.

A solution is prepared by dissolving 0.0084 moles of HCl in 1500 mL of solution. The molarity of HCl is:

[HCl] = 0.0084 moles / 1.5 L

        = 5.6 × 10⁻³ M

HCl is a strong acid according to the following equation.

HCl(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇒ Cl⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq)

Thus, the concentration of H₃O⁺ will be equal to the initial concentration of HCl, 5.6 × 10⁻³ M.

Now, we will calculate the pH of the solution using its Formula ;

pH = - log[H₃O⁺]

    = - log [5.6 × 10⁻³]

    = 2.3

Hence, A solution prepared by dissolving 0.0084 moles of HCl in 1500 mL of solution has a Molarity of HCl of 5.6 × 10⁻³ M, a Molarity of H₃O⁺ of 5.6 × 10⁻³ M and a pH of 2.3.

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Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, the mass of silver(I) chloride formed is 930.37 grams.

In first place, the balanced reaction is:

2 AgNO₃ + BaCl₂ → 2 AgCl + Ba(NO₃)₂

By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:

The molar mass of the compounds is:

Then, by reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:

AgNO₃: 2 moles ×169.87 g/mole= 339.74 grams

BaCl₂: 1 mole ×208.24 g/mole= 208.24 grams

AgCl: 2 moles ×143.32 g/mole= 286.64 grams

Ba(NO₃)₂: 1 mole×261.34 g/mole= 261.34 grams

The following rule of three can be applied:  if by reaction stoichiometry 208.24 grams of barium chloride form 286.64 grams of silver(I) chloride, 675.9 grams of barium chloride form how much mass of silver(I) chloride?

[tex]mass of silver(I) chloride=\frac{675.9 grams of barium chloride x286.64 grams of silver(I) chloride }{208.24 grams of barium chloride}[/tex]

mass of silver(I) chloride= 930.37 grams

Finally, the mass of silver(I) chloride formed is 930.37 grams.

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Answer:

kliujhygfdsalikumjyhbtgvf

Explanation:

The answer is:

28

I just got this answer so I don't know how to work it out but i hope it helps.

Answer:

2 AlCl₃ + 3 Pb(NO₃)₂ ---> 2 Al(NO₃)₃ + 3 PbCl₂

Explanation:

This is a double-displacement reaction. The general structure of these reactions are:

AB + CD ----> AD + BC

In these reactions, the cation of one molecule is swapped with the cation of another molecule. To find the products, you first need identify the charge on each ion. This is important to know so that you can balance the new molecule via subscripts.

AlCl₃ = Al³⁺ and Cl⁻

Pb(NO₃)₂ = Pb²⁺ and NO₃⁻

Therefore, one of the new products should be a combination of Al³⁺ and NO₃⁻ and the other should be Pb²⁺ and Cl⁻. An easy way to balance the charges in the new molecules is to the make the charge on the cation the subscript of the anion (and vice versa). For instance, since Pb has a +2 charge, the chlorine should have a 2 subscript.

The unbalanced equation:

AlCl₃ + Pb(NO₃)₂ ---> Al(NO₃)₃ + PbCl₂

Reactants: 1 aluminum, 3 chlorine, 1 lead, 2 nitrate

Products: 1 aluminum, 2 chlorine, 1 lead, 3 nitrate

The balanced equation:

2 AlCl₃ + 3 Pb(NO₃)₂ ---> 2 Al(NO₃)₃ + 3 PbCl₂

Reactants: 2 aluminum, 6 chlorine, 3 lead, 6 nitrate

Products: 2 aluminum, 6 chlorine, 3 lead, 6 nitrate

Answer:exothermice

Explanation: it is relaeing heat not keeping  it in

The Sun is presently at a low level of sunspot activity. Hence, option C is correct.

Solar radiation is often called the solar resource for the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun.

The Sun is presently at a low level of sunspot activity is the correct answer.

Hence, option C is correct.

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Answer:

9.487 L

Explanation:

argon  mole wt = 39.948 gm/mole

             14.3 gm  / 39.948 gm/mole   = .357965 moles of argon

Use Ideal Gas Law:

PV = n RT     where   R = .082057  L-atm / K-mol

V =  .357965 * .082057 * 436 / 1.35  = 9.487 L

The empirical formula would be  [tex]C_2H_3O_2[/tex] and the molecular formula would be  [tex]C_4 H_6 O_4[/tex]

From the illustration:

C = 40.6 g                   H = 5.1 g                      O = 54.2 g

Divide each element by its molar weight:

C = 40.6/12 = 3.4                    H = 5.1/1 = 5.1                  O = 54.2/16 = 3.4

Divide by the smallest:

C = 3.4/3.4 = 1                        H = 5.1/3.4 = 1.5                 O = 3.4/3.4 = 1

Thus, the empirical formula is [tex]C_2H_3O_2[/tex]

To find the molecular formula:

[ [tex]C_2H_3O_2[/tex]]n = molecular formula

where n = molar mass/empirical formula mass

Empirical formula mass = 24 + 3 + 32 = 59

n = 118.084/59 = 2

Thus, the molecular formula is [tex]C_4 H_6 O_4[/tex] which is more or less the same as the empirical formula.

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The Empirical formula will be C₂H₃O₂  and the Molecular formula would be  C₄H₆O₄

Empirical formula is a formula giving the proportions of the elements present in a compound but not the actual numbers or arrangement of atoms.

Molecular formula is a chemical formula that gives the total number of atoms of each element in each molecule of a substance.

Given ;

Divide each element by its molar weight:

Divide by the smallest Value:

Thus, the Empirical formula is C₂H₃O₂

Now, to find the molecular formula ;

[C₂H₃O₂ ]n = molecular formula

where n = molar mass / empirical formula mass

Empirical formula mass = 24 + 3 + 32 = 59

n = 118.084 / 59 = 2

[C₂H₃O₂ ]n = molecular formula

[C₂H₃O₂ ]2 = C₄H₆O₄

Thus, the Molecular formula is C₂H₃O₂

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305.6KJ are absorbed when 341 g of [tex]Ca(OH)_2[/tex]reacts via the following reaction.

The sum of the internal energy and the product of the pressure and volume of a thermodynamic system.

Given data:

[tex]Ca(OH)_2[/tex] (s) → [tex]CaO(s)+H_2O(l)[/tex],      ΔH=+65.3kJ

Moles of [tex]Ca(OH)_2[/tex]= [tex]\frac{mass}{molar \;mass}[/tex]

Moles of [tex]Ca(OH)_2[/tex] = [tex]\frac{341 g }{74g/mol}[/tex] =4.68 moles

Since, 1 mol [tex]Ca(OH)_2[/tex] absorbs 65.3kJ.

Therefore, 4.68 moles [tex]Ca(OH)_2[/tex] produce energy = 65.3kJ X 4.68 moles

=305.6KJ

Hence, 305.6KJ are absorbed when 341 g of [tex]Ca(OH)_2[/tex] reacts via the following reaction.

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Answer:

I don't know ok sorry

Answer:

The Chinese civilization really has an exact chronology, and the historical period began in the first year of the Western Zhou Dynasty in 841 BC. Before that, only the lineage records of the kings were recorded. Therefore, the earliest origin of Chinese civilization has not yet been finalized. Although there are many records about the Xia Dynasty in the traditional literature, due to the late completion of the book, there is no recognized evidence of the existence of the Xia Dynasty and its previous history. Therefore, some people in the modern and modern historical circles have always questioned the existence of the Xia Dynasty. sex.

Explanation:

To ensure data traceability and accessibility is to complete a study beginning-to-end on a closed system or platform.

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Answer:

A

Explanation: