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Answer:

In prokaryotes, transcription and translation happen at the same time.

Explanation:

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Metamorphic rocks are formed from sedimentary rocks by the process of weathering and erosion followed by burying deep into the Earth's crust.

Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of already-existing rocks to new forms of rock through a process called metamorphism. The original rock is subjected to temperatures which are greater than 150 to 200°C and, are often, elevated to pressure up to 100 megapascals or more. This causes profound physical or chemical changes in the rocks.

Sedimentary rock may be broken down into sediment such as sand, silts by weathering and erosion. It may also form rocks. If it becomes buried deep enough within the earth crust and subjected to increase the temperature and pressure, it may change into metamorphic rock.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Extreme Pressure From burial, increasing Temperature at depth, and a lot of time, can alter any rock type to form a metamorphic rock.

Peripheral resistance is the resistance required to create blood pressure.

Blood Pressure can be defined as the pressure of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries, and can rise and fall throughout the day. Peripheral vascular resistance (PVR in short) is the resistance occurring in the circulatory system that is caused by the constriction of blood vessels.

Any change in the peripheral resistance directly affects blood pressure. When the blood vessels dilate, the PVR decreases, and when the vessels constrict, the PVR decreases. Now, similarly, an increase in the PVR leads to higher pressure. A decrease in the PVR leads to low blood pressure.

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Anaerobic metabolism during the compensatory phase of hypovolemic shock, metabolic alterations result from tissue ischemia.

Trauma patients frequently enter the operating room (OR) in hypovolemic shock, which causes tissue hypoperfusion and develops into an acute metabolic acidosis with or without a respiratory component.

Vascular pressure drops and tissue hypoperfusion result from less blood flowing in the body. Immediate compensatory processes, such as peripheral vasoconstriction and fluid migration into the plasma, work to raise blood pressure and keep vital organs like the heart, brain, and kidneys supplied with blood.

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Adulthood and adolescence. Within-individual variation in gender-typed behavior during the preschool years is highly associated to adolescent sexual, and is distinguishable from gender-related behaviors during each of them.

The interval between childhood and adulthood is known as adolescence. It involves some significant adjustments to the body as well as how a young person interacts with the outside environment.

Early adolescence, which typically lasts from ages eleven to fourteen, middle adolescence, which lasts from ages fifteen to seventeen, and late adolescence, which lasts from ages eighteen to twenty-one, can be roughly divided into three stages.

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

GENETIC VARIATION IS CREATED WITHIN A POPULATION

Answer:

Theory: a theory is an explanation for observations of the world, that is possibly true but not proven to be true. A theory is an explanation of a fact.

Hypothesis: a hypothesis is a theory or explanation at the start of a research that the research is designed to test. The hypothesis is based on facts, or the assumptions of the researcher, but it must be tested.

Id50 of francisella tularensis  is more infectious than Id50 of mycobacterium tuberculosis.

ID50 gauges the bare minimum population of infectious agents necessary to start an infection with a 50% chance. All 48 bacterial pathotypes for which we could find experimental values in the literature had average ID50 values that were log-transformed.

The line that connects the fictitious fractions of the bracketing dosages is interpolated to estimate the ID50 [40]. For an accurate estimation of the dose-response, both techniques depend on doses being distributed logarithmically equally spaced, with equal numbers of subjects (for example, pigs) in each group.

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HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. If the drugs that would fit in the active site and block it, became successful for stopping HIV infections, it would be an example of competitive inhibition.

HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It is a virus that takes over the mechanism of body' cells and therefore affects the immune system. The mode of transmission of this virus can be infected blood, semen or vaginal fluids.

Competitive inhibition is the mechanism where the inhibitor molecule is so similar to the substrate molecule that it fits in the active site of the enzyme and therefore inhibits the whole process carried out by the enzyme. Due to the similarity in structures, there occurs a competition between the substrate and inhibitor molecule and therefore the name competitive inhibition.

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The following associations are correct ;

a) intercalated disc : located at the ends of cardiac muscle cells

c) cardiac endomysium : attaches to integrins near the z-line

Intercalated discs are sophisticated structures that connect neighboring cardiac muscle cells. Desmosomes, fascia adherens junctions, and gap junctions are the three types of cell junctions recognized as constituting an intercalated disc. Fascia adherens serve as actin anchoring sites and connect to the nearest sarcomere.

Cardiac muscle cells, like skeletal muscle cells, are surrounded and separated by a connective tissue layer called endomysium.

The endomysium, which literally means "within the muscle," is a wispy layer of areolar connective tissue that encases each individual muscle fiber or muscle cell. Capillaries and nerves are also present. The sarcolemma is the membrane that covers the cell membrane of the muscle fiber.

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Decreased rainfall will result in decreased competition among consumer species for food.

The correct option is  C.

An ecosystem is a region in which a bubble of life is created by plants, mammals, and other organisms interacting with the weather, environment, and other factors. Abiotic elements, or non - living things components, coexist with biotic components in habitats. Ecosystem functioning is the ability of natural phenomena and elements to either directly or indirectly meet human demands for commodities and services.

Human welfare and survival rely on healthy terrestrial ecosystems because they give us access to critical goods and benefits. More than 90% of our food originates from ecosystem types, which also offer us energy, resources for building and clothing, health-related products, fresh water, and pure air.

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The hydrosphere can reshape the geosphere by processes such as erosion and deposition and is denoted as option A.

This is referred to as the total amount of water present on the planet and consists of water bodies such as rivers, seas etc.

It ensures that water is recycled through precipitation in the form of rainfall after several processes such as evaporation and condensation of the water vapor which leads to erosion of the earth surface and there are also deposition of substances during movement which is how it reshapes the geosphere thereby making option A the most appropriate choice.

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If TLR5 remains on always or act as if it were bound to flagellin even in the absence of flagellin then this would lead to needless activation of the immune system.

TLRs and NLRs which are short for Todd-like receptors and Nod-like receptors respectively are the watchmen of the immune system and can be regarded as Immune system activators.

TLRs are present in the gut and play a pivotal role in recognizing pathogen associated invasion pattern thereby stimulating the body's immune system for action. The TLRs signal through involvement of particular adaptor molecules thereby leading to activation of transcription factors like Nuclear factor-Kappa B(NF-κB) and IRFs.

Human and other mammals' body consists of many pattern-recognizing receptors which include TLRs, NLRs, ALRs, RLRs etc. The foremost function of PRR is that they identify pathogen associated molecular patters. TLRs were the first ones to be identified and the most studied on pattern recognizing receptor.

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Answer:

Nitrogen Fixation

Explanation:

The step of the nitrogen cycle that does not rely on/utilize bacteria is Nitrogen Fixation, or when nitrates are changed to ammonia

Protozoan is an animal-like protist.

Hence, option B is correct.

Algae called diatoms reside in glass-encased homes. They are the only organism on Earth with translucent, opaline silica as part of its cell walls. Silica forms beautiful and intricate patterns on the cell walls of diatoms. One-celled organisms known as protozoa are present in most ecosystems on earth. The spores are exceedingly resilient to unfavorable circumstances and have real cell walls. Although the majority of species are free-living, all higher animals are infected with one or more protozoan species. Depending on the species and strain of the parasite and the host's resistance, infections can range from asymptomatic to fatal.

Slime moulds are chlorophyll-less saprophytes. They can spread and proliferate widely when favorable conditions allow them to form aggregates termed plasmodium. Under unfavorable circumstances, the plasmodium produces spores. Green algae are a subclass of Chlorophyta algae that can do photosynthesis. Most types of algae that we are familiar with include pond, lake algal blooms, etc. They are all around us and are in great abundance. The group of green algae contains between 9000 and 12000 different species.

Thus from above conclusion we can say that protozoan is an animal-like protist.

Hence, option B is correct.

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The adaptations present in coyote brush that help it survive in the chaparral biome are: it takes shape according to the environment it grows in, its leaves are fire resistant and also has a large root system.

Coyote brush is a bushy plant also known by the name chaparral broom. It belong to the Asteraceae family and is the native of California. The scientific name of the plant is Baccharis pilularis.

Chaparral biome is a coastal region with very hot and dry summers and mild rainy winters. Since the rainfall is very minimal in these region, they are most prone to the summer fires. The biome can be found in California and northern Mexico. This is the reason the species living there have to make various adaptations.

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Answer:

the plants that only get water

Explanation:

because i love water and plants need water to grow

A general term for a group of hereditary, progressive disorders affecting skeletal muscles is muscular dystrophy.

A group of diseases called muscular dystrophy result in progressive weakness and muscle loss. Mutations in genes that cause muscular dystrophy prevent the production of proteins that are necessary for healthy muscle formation. Thus, it is a hereditary disorder.

Multiple forms of muscular dystrophy exist. The most common type begins in childhood, typically in boys. Other kinds don't show up until you're an adult.

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The picture below provides the solution. Enlarge the text to read it.

The ribosome shifts one codon in the mRNA so that the codon that specifies the next amino acid is aligned with the A site.

A peptide bond is an amide type of covalent chemical connection that connects two adjacent alpha-amino acids along a peptide or protein chain, starting at C1 (carbon number one) of one and N2 (nitrogen number two) of another. The side chains that protrude from the polypeptide chain create a stable two-dimensional structure. The side chains can now interact with other molecules thanks to this. Thus, amino acid connected to the tRNA in the A site and the expanding polypeptide attached to the tRNA in the P site combine to form a peptide bond.

The amino acid connected to the tRNA in the A site and the expanding polypeptide attached to the tRNA in the P site combine to form a peptide bond, true. Peptide Link: The covalent bond that develops between two distinct amino acids is known as a peptide bond. During protein translation, the ribosome catalyzes the creation of this link.

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The haploid stage of a plant life cycle is known as the gametophyte.

The haploid gametophyte produces gametes during the life cycle of all plants which exhibit an alternation of generations. The haploid plant body makes gametes through the process of mitosis. After fertilization, the zygote divides mitotically to create a diploid sporophyte. Haploid spores are produced by the sporophyte through the process of meiosis.

Therefore, an alternation of generations can be observed between the gamete-producing gametophyte which is haploid as well as the spore-producing diploid sporophyte. Different plants as well as organisms may exhibit distinct patterns of life cycles-haplontic, diplontic or intermediate.

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One possible reason why dreams seem highly emotional is that during rem sleep, the frontal lobes are Shut down and the amygdala and hippocampus are Active .

You can watch dreams in all the sleeping process but during rem sleep dreams are vivid are particularly emotional . People are mostly effected with lucid dreams during rem sleep.

Rem sleep are often associated with a drastic devaluation in noradrenergic tone in forebrain centers including the amygdala. The amygdala is known to be involved in processing of emotions especially negative emotions like fear and stress. So in rem sleep these are activated .

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The likelihood that any of their offspring will share their phenotype is 9/16 if both parents are heterozygous for widow's peak and have freckles.

A widow's peak is a gene or phenotype?

The widow's peak (the dominant phenotype) will be produced by the genotypes WW and Ww, but the ww genotype will not (the recessive phenotype). Knowing the genotypes of the parents allows us to anticipate the potential genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring (first generation).

There is a 9/16 chance that any of their offspring will have their phenotype.

Therefore, Even when just one allele is present, the dominant characteristic of widow's peak manifests.

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During oxidative phosphorylation, a single molecule of nadh result in the production of more atp molecules than a single molecule of fadh2 because NADH AND FADH2 feed their electrons to different electron carriers in the electron-transport chain.

The steps of oxidative phosphorylation are delivery of Electrons through NADH and FADH2. Reduced NADH and FADH2 switch their electrons to molecules close to the start of the shipping chain, electron Transport and Proton Pumping, splitting of Oxygen to shape Water and ATP Synthesis.

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The transpiration pull is due to the negative pressure potential that causes water to move up through the xylem that begins at the surface of mesophyll cells.

A transpiration pull can be simply defined as a biological process that generates pulling force within the xylem tissue. This force aids in the movement of water upward into the xylem vessels. Water loss in the form of vapours is observed during this process. While root pressure "pushes" water through the xylem tissues, transpiration "pulls" the column of water ascending from the roots.

The negative pressure created by transpiration pull acts on the water particles, causing them to move upward in the xylem. This theory is based on the ascent of sap, which is the upward movement of water from the root to aerial parts of the plant body.

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It will cause sensitivity, widen gaps at the margins, and aid in fluid and bacterial leakage. A newly placed amalgam's dimensions should ideally not alter.

If it contracts too much, it will create cracks at the edges that allow fluids and bacteria to flow out and cause sensitivity. The functional amalgam characteristics deteriorate as a result of corrosion processes, whereas discoloration results from tarnishing reactions. Localized corrosion cells in holes and crevices are the primary cause of the corrosion degradation of amalgam fillings. Only the non-high-copper lathe-cut alloy amalgam containing zinc experienced delayed excessive expansion and deterioration of the physical qualities due to moisture contamination; neither the new high-copper amalgam nor the non-high-copper spherical alloy amalgam did.

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The part of the nerve cell specially constructed to transmit a message from one cell to another nerve cell is axon.

Nerve cells are electrically excitable cell that communicates with other cells via specialized connections called synapses.

Nerve cells are specialized cells of the nervous system which conducts nerve impulses. Nerve cells, also known as neurons are the basic functional units of the nervous system, which are made up of three components as follows:

The cell body, also called the soma contains the cell’s nucleus, which controls the activities of the cell. The dendrites are extensions that branch off the cell body and receive chemical signals from other neurons, which they convert to electrical impulses and transmit to the cell body.

Axons are a long extension that carries information away from the cell body. It is where information leaves the nerve cell and is passed on to target cells.

Therefore, the axon is the part of the nerve cell that is specifically constructed to transmit message from one cell to another.

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A loose hypothesis birds evolved suggests that the ancestors of birds probably ran and jumped to catch prey, and evolved flight to improve on this and return safely to the ground.

Birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs in the Jurassic period (about 165-150 million years ago), and their classic small, light, feathered, and winged body shape was not a spurt of innovation, but rather Gradually assembled over tens of millions of years of evolution. Modern birds descended from a group of two-legged dinosaurs known as theropods, including the towering Tyrannosaurus Rex and the smaller Velociraptor. Some of the similarities between birds and humans are because they shared a common ancestor millions of years ago. This ancestor was a primitive reptilian creature that resembled neither humans nor birds, but shared features of both.

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