how and why did virginia shift from indentured servitude to racial chattel slavery?

Answers

Answer 1

Men and women who signed an agreement (also known as an indenture or a covenant) committing to labour for a set period of time in exchange for passage to Virginia and, once there, food, clothes, and housing were known as indentured servants.

With the majority of them working in the tobacco fields, adults typically served for four to seven years and children occasionally for much more. Indentured slavery, which has a long history in England, became, throughout the majority of the seventeenth century, the main method used by Virginia planters to satisfy their almost endless need for labour. Initially, the Virginia Company of London paid for the transatlantic transportation of servants, but after the establishment of the headright system in 1618, the company persuaded merchants and planters to bear the expense in exchange for land. As a result, a large number of arrivals died from lethal diseases and other hard conditions in the colony, leaving the remaining slaves at the mercy of occasionally brutal masters.

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Related Questions

Please help me asap. Due tonight!
-Truman’s advisers had warned him to expect massive casualties if the United States invaded Japan.
-Truman believed it was his duty as president to use every weapon available to save American lives.
Do you feel like we can judge Truman’s decision? Why or why not? What would we need to know to feel qualified to judge?
(1-2 Paragraphs)

Answers

No, a person cannot judge the Truman’s decision, as at that time he felt to save the life of his people and country by invading the Japan, and he is doing his duty.

Why did convinced Truman use the weapon?

President Truman later admitted that he "viewed the bomb as a military weapon and never had any doubts that it should be deployed" in a letter to his wife. His advisers had warned him that there would be many fatalities if the United States invaded Japan.

Truman stated that it was his duty as president to utilize every tool at his disposal to protect American lives. Truman claimed that the military was the only consideration in his decision to use the bomb.

Thus, no, a person cannot judge the Truman’s decision.

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Please answer quickly!
(This is an opiniated question)

Does the First Lady of the White House have a responsibility to portray a certain image?​

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The First Lady of the White House has a responsibility to portray a certain image.

Why should the first lady portray a certain image ?

The First Lady of the White House is a public figure and is often expected to play a certain role in representing the values and interests of the administration and the country as a whole. However, the specific responsibilities and expectations for the First Lady are not clearly defined in the Constitution or in law.

Traditionally, the First Lady has been expected to serve as a hostess for official events at the White House, promote social causes, and serve as a representative of American culture and values both domestically and abroad.

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Yes she does because she is a public figure.

why did american officials make plans to invade cuba?

Answers

American politicians have contemplated invading Cuba on numerous occasions throughout history. One of the most important occasions was the Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961, a failed effort to topple the Cuban government.

Fear of Soviet encroachment in the Western Hemisphere, worries about the rise of communism in Cuba, and a desire to safeguard American commercial interests were among the many reasons for the invasion.

During the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, which put the world on the verge of nuclear disaster, the US government was also concerned about the Soviet Union's missile deployment in Cuba.

In order to safeguard interests related to national security and stop the spread of communism, American policymakers generally concluded that an invasion of Cuba was required.

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how did the aksum empire acquire their wealth? and what effects did wealth have on that civilization?

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The aksum empire acquire their wealth while receiving imports of copper, bronze, silver, gold and wine, through control of Adulis, Aksum.

The kingdom of Aksum when started recieving imports of copper, bronze, silver, gold and wine , traded frankincense, myrrh, ivory and tortoise shell, Through control of Adulis, Aksum became extremely wealthy , which could be seen through its stunning architecture, monuments and art through stiff tariffs on goods.

The Kingdom of Aksum is popular and notable for its number of achievements, such as its own alphabet, the Ge'ez alphabet. Under Emperor Ezana,  Christianity was adopted by the aksum which later on gave rise to the present-day Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahdo Church.

The effect wealth might have on civilization in a society is "it will help speed up the process of civilization". Civilization is basically stage of development it can be defined as stage at which development occurs in human, social and cultural aspects of a society. The technological development also becomes more advanced.

One of the effects of a high state of civilization upon character, is a relaxation of individual energy: or rather, the concentration of it within the narrow sphere of the individual's money-getting pursuits.

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why did congress pass the missouri compromise of 1820?

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Congress pass the missouri compromise of 1820 it maintained a delicate balance between free and slave states , On the single most divisive issue of the day.

It maintained a delicate balance between free and slave states. On the single most divisive issue of the day, the U.S. Senate was equally divided. If the slavery question could be settled politically, any such settlement would have to happen in the Senate.

The law that tried to address growing sectional tensions over the issue of slavery was stated by missouri compromise. By passing the law, which President James Monroe signed, Missouri was admiited to the Union as a state that allowed slavery, and Maine as a free state.

The Missouri Compromise was accepted because it:-

1) maintained congressional balance in the Senate.

2) New territories to be slave states was allowed for certain.

3) New territories to be non-slavery states was certainely alloweded.

The 16th United States Congress passed the legislation on March 3, 1820, and President James Monroe signed it on March 6, 1820.

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Answer:To maintain an equal balance between free states and slave states in Congress

Explanation:becuase they wnated it to be more equal

what was the name of the navy ship that president mckinley moved into havana?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

USS Maine

According to Page Smith, what was one attempt made by workers to improve working Conditions?

Answers

Page Smith discusses several attempts made by workers to improve their working conditions, but one example he cites is the formation of labor unions.

What are working Conditions?

Generally, Working conditions refer to the physical, social, and organizational conditions under which work is performed.

This includes factors such as hours of work, job demands, physical workspace, safety, and compensation. Good working conditions are essential for the health, safety, and well-being of workers, and can also have a positive impact on productivity and overall job satisfaction.

Unions allowed workers to band together to negotiate with employers for better wages, hours, and working conditions.

They also provided a way for workers to engage in collective bargaining and to take collective action, such as strikes, to further their demands.

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A place that gets a lot of rain is considered a ________ climate

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A place that gets a lot of rain is considered a tropical wet climate.

The long-term weather pattern in a specific location is called the climate. It is possible for the weather to shift from hour to hour, day to day, month to month, or even year to year. The weather patterns of an area are regarded as its climate, and are typically observed for at least 30 years.

Rainforests are another name for areas having a humid, tropical environment. Warm temperatures and consistent rains characterize the weather in these tropical regions, which is the most dependable on the planet. A day's worth of temperature variation is greater than a year's worth of rainfall, which reaches 150 centimeters (59 inches) annually.

Around 10° of latitude on either side of the equator is where you can find tropical wet climates. The intertropical convergence zone is always at work in this region of the world.

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How did the Hawley-Smoot Tariff help spread the depression globally?


A.) European countries retaliated with their own protective tariffs.


B.) It drastically reduced the price of foreign goods.


C.) It caused American goods to flood European markets.*** my answer


D.) Americans responded to it by refusing to ship goods overseas.

Answers

The Hawley-Smoot Tariff help spread the depression globally because it caused American goods to flood European markets. The correct option is (C).

What do you mean by Hawley-Smoot Tariff?

To safeguard American farmers and other businesses from competition from abroad, the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930 increased import duties.

To shield American farmers and other businesses against foreign rivals, the Smoot-Hawley Act was established.

The Smoot-Hawley Act almost doubled import tariffs from outside to the United States.

Therefore, the Hawley-Smoot Tariff help spread the depression globally because it caused American goods to flood European markets.

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why did president richard nixon appeal to the silent majority in 1969?

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The silent maturity is an unidentified large group of people in a country or group who don't express their opinions intimately. The term was vulgarized by U.S. President Richard Nixon in a televised address on November 3, 1969, in which he said," And so tonight — to you, the great silent maturity of my fellow Americans — I ask for your support.".

In this operation it appertained to those Americans who didn't join in the large demonstrations against the Vietnam War at the time, who didn't join in the counterculture, and who didn't share in public converse. Nixon, along with numerous others, saw this group of Middle Americans as being overshadowed in the media by the further oral nonage.

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The sea route to the Indian Ocean discovered by Vasca da Gama offered European merchants?
A) a chance to trade with Muslim intermediaries.
B) a chance to buy goods directly from Indian merchants.
C) quicker access to the slave trade of west Africa.
D) proof that the earth was round.
E) none of the above.

Answers

Answer:I would say A.

Explanation: hope this helps^^

What effects did Stalin's purges have on Soviet society?

Answers

The Great Purge or the Great Terror, also known as the Year of '37 and the Yezhovsh china, was a campaign launched by Soviet General Secretary Joseph Stalin to bolster his control over the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the government.

The purges were also intended to eliminate Leon Trotsky's and other well-known political rivals' lingering influence within the party. It took place between August 1936 and March 1938. The Communist Party's purging of certain factions of its leadership, as well as of government officials and military commanders—the majority of whom were Party members—attracted the majority of public attention. Numerous different social groups, including the intelligentsia and peasants—particularly those who provided credit—were impacted by the campaigns.

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The Magna Carta placed limits on the government and indicated that the monarch A must obey the law. B cannot influence the law. C is above the law. D must not interfere with the law.​

Answers

The Magna Carta placed limits on the government and indicated that the monarch A must obey the law.

What was the magna Carta?

The Magna Carta, also known as the Great Charter, was a historic document signed in 1215 by King John of England. It was one of the first legal charters to limit the power of a monarch and establish certain rights for the king's subjects. The Magna Carta contained 63 clauses that dealt with various aspects of medieval life, including the rights of the Church, the privileges of the feudal lords, and the rights of free men.

One of the most famous clauses of the Magna Carta, known as Clause 39, stated that "No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions, or outlawed or exiled, or deprived of his standing in any other way, nor will we proceed with force against him, or send others to do so, except by the lawful judgement of his equals or by the law of the land." This clause helped to lay the foundation for the concept of due process of law and protection of individual rights.

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what was the name of the navy ship that president mckinley moved into havana?

Answers

President McKinley did not move a navy ship into Havana. However, during the Spanish-American War, the U.S. Navy did send several ships to Cuba, including the USS Maine.

The USS Maine exploded in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898, leading to the start of the war. During the Spanish-American War, the United States Navy sent several ships to Cuba, including the USS Maine. On February 15, 1898, the USS Maine exploded in Havana Harbor, killing 260 American sailors. The cause of the explosion is still unknown, but it was widely believed at the time that it was caused by a Spanish attack. The incident led to increased tensions between the United States and Spain, and the U.S. government declared war on Spain two months later. The sinking of the USS Maine became a rallying cry for the U.S. war effort, and it helped to shape public opinion in favor of the war.

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Select all the correct answers.
Which three statements are true
of the Aztec people and culture?
D
States had to pay heavy tributes to the ruler.
D
The
people were required to make human sacrifices to Quetzalcoatl.
D
The farmers developed new irrigation methods.
D
The people used chinampas to grow crops.
the concept of zero.
The civilization invented

Answers

Answer:1, 2 and 4

Explanation:Aztec society was largely defined by tribute and sacrifice from the people; chinampas refers to a method of agriculture which used floating islands to grow crops.

which industry in france is charles riley credited with saving in the late nineteenth century? question 1 options: cheese potatoes wine sugar

Answers

Charles Riley was credited with saving French industry in the late nineteenth century, fo the wine.

He also understood that American grapes were immune to the deadly root diseases that killed French vineyards. Riley visited France to observe the infestation firsthand, and he asked Jules Planchon, the leading French specialist, to visit Missouri to examine American grape plants.

The two came to the conclusion that the best course of action was for France to import and plant American grapes before using those plants as a rootstock to graft French grape vines. The plan was successful, saving the French wine industry, and Riley received recognition from the French government for his contributions.

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Which of the following most accurately describes the experience of the former American colonies of Spain and Portugal following independence​

Answers

Based on a historical perspective the statement that most accurately describes the experience of the former American colonies of Spain and Portugal following independence is They successfully united into a federation along the lines of the United States.

What were the American colonies of Spain and Portugal?

It should be cited that Portuguese colonization of the Americas established territories in the Americas that were owned by the Kingdom of Portugal. In the 15th century, Portugal led the European nations in global discovery.

The world outside of Europe was split into Castilian and Portuguese global geographical hemispheres for exclusive conquest and colonization by the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, however successfully united into a federation along the lines of the United States.

Hence, in this case, it is concluded that the correct answer is option A.

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Answer options

They successfully united into a federation along the lines of the United States.They established their own monarchies that ruled well into the twentieth century.They struggled to transition to civilian rule and suffered repeated military coups.They formed confederated states but coordinated poorly without a centralized government.

STATEMENTS State whether the following statements are TRUE OR FALSE. Baseline Assessment 1.1 Slavery was part of everyday life in Africa before European traders went into Africa TRUE OR FALSE​

Answers

I am concerned that following statement: “Slavery was part of everyday life in Africa before European traders went into Africa” is true

list at least three ways in which africans responded to european traders who wanted enslaved people.

Answers

Resistance, bargaining, and accommodation are among possible African reactions to European traders who want enslaved people.

Africans reacted in a number of ways to European traders who sought out enslaved individuals. Here are three potential instances:

Initially welcoming the Europeans, several African kingdoms and rulers viewed the trade in slaves as a chance to acquire new products and weaponry.

Some African groups fiercely fought the European settlers and made an effort to prevent capture of both themselves and their neighbours.

They attempted to build partnerships while bolstering their military power.

Yet more Africans took part in the slave trade, but they did it voluntarily. They could have bought slaves from their own families to sell or taken individuals from other villages. Some of these people's involvement in the trade led to their achieving great riches and power.

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What was the fundamental political disagreement that Governor Campbell had with the colonial leaders in
Charleston?

Answers

In June 1775, Campbell arrived in Charleston. Campbell faced insurmountable challenges as governor at that point since the Revolutionary Provincial Congress and its Council of Safety had seized control of the throne.

Thomas Jeremiah, a free black harbour pilot who was suspected of being a ringleader of the forthcoming rebellion, was executed by Revolutionary authorities as a result of rumours that he was bringing weapons for British-instigated Indian attacks and slave insurrections, which complicated his mission. Campbell thought he was innocent but couldn't do anything about it. However, the governor was able to communicate with Loyalists in the wilderness. His upbeat assessments of their power later influenced British choices to invade South Carolina in 1776 and 1780.

On September 15, 1775, Campbell fled Charleston after Revolutionary leaders learned of his covert actions. The departure of South Carolina's final royal governor gave Revolutionary leaders the opportunity to assert that George III had "abdicated the authority," just like King James II had done during the Glorious Revolution, and as a result, "WE OWE NO OBEDIENCE TO HIM."

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Why is black history in the shortest month?

Answers

Because the blacks who started it selected February to commemorate the birthdays of Frederick Douglas and Abraham Lincoln.

Is Black History Month just observed in the United States?

Every president of the United States has declared February to be Black History Month since 1976. Other nations across the world, including Canada and the United Kingdom, observe Black History Month. In 1978, the Education Task Force of the Sonoma County Commission on the Status of Women prepared and carried out a "Women's History Week" event. The week of March 8 was chosen by the organizers to coincide with International Women's Day. The next year, additional localities began their own Women's History Week events, and the trend expanded across the country. In 1980, the National Women's History Project (now the National Women's History Alliance) spearheaded a coalition of women's groups and historians in successfully lobbying for national recognition. President Jimmy Carter issued the inaugural Presidential Proclamation establishing March 8th, 1980 as National Women's History Week in February 1980.

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For which nation was Franz
Ferdinand an archduke or prince?
A. Serbia
B. Germany
C. Austria-Hungary
D. France

Answers

Answer: C. Austria-Hungary

Explanation:

Franz Ferdinand was an Archduke of Austria-Hungary, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. He was assassinated in 1914, triggering the First World War.

The shape of the population pyramid for a less developed country, such as Nigeria, would
O have a large base and a small top.
have a large top and a small base.
have a small base and top but a large middle.
be a box-like shape.

Answers

The shape of the population pyramid for a less developed country, such as Nigeria, would have a large base and a small top. The Option A is correct.

What does a population pyramid means?

A population pyramid (age structure diagram) or "age-sex pyramid" is a graphical representation of the distribution of a population (typically that of a country or region of the world) by age groups and sex; when the population is growing, it typically takes the shape of a pyramid.

This population pyramid is broad at the bottom, indicating that the country has a large proportion of young people. It narrows at the top and tapers very quickly as you get older.

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What does the phrase ""the survival of the fittest"" mean?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

survival of the fittest, term made famous in the fifth edition (published in 1869) of On the Origin of Species by British naturalist Charles Darwin, which suggested that organisms best adjusted to their environment are the most successful in surviving and reproducing.

hope this helps

Evaluate the expression for w=4 and x=4.
2w+16÷​(2​x)

Answers

Answer:

10

Explanation:

to evaluate this, plug in w and x

w=4 and x=4; so 2(4)+16/2(4)

because of pemdas, it would become 2(4)+16/(8)

and then

8+2

10

as the textbook introduction states, settlers came to america for a variety of reasons. what were they?

Answers

Colonists came to America because they wanted political liberty, as the textbook introduction states, settlers came to america for a variety of reasons.

Colonists came to America because of the need of political liberty. They wanted religious freedom and economic opportunity. The United States is a country where individual rights and self-government are important. This has always been true.

The motivations were the desire for riches, the hope of freedom of religion or freedom from imprisonment, debt or slavery. All of these people and these reasons work as an source of contribution to the Americas early settlement.

The colonists built a new civilization in North America as the america was already inhabited by native people, Most settlers left Europe in the search of greater economic opportunity, to escape political oppression or to seek religious freedom.

Originally European settlers also known as non-indigenous people came to the continent in an effort to map out and explore the vast land and advance their economic interests. One of the main motivators was as with most exploring and seeking profit  But europe wat not the very first people to ever settle on American land .

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In the preamble, what is the meaning of the phrase "to form a more perfect union"?

Answers

Answer:

It means to keep the country together as one.

Those seated on the left of the French National Assembly were:

Answers

Those seated on the left of the French National Assembly were more conservative. The French Communist Party, sometimes known as the Left Party, seeks to unite all of the anti-liberal left's sensibilities.

What is the nation?

The term nation refers that, Although the phrases nation, state, and country are sometimes used interchangeably, there is a distinction between them.

As The position of the french national assembly refers to The French Republic's main legislative body the National Assembly. It enacts legislation, oversees governmental operations, and assesses public policies.

Therefore, The right option (D) is correct.

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what 1861 event prompted the europeanization of siberia?

Answers

Answer:the freeing of the surfs in russia

Explanation:

what year did congress officially designated february as black history month?
1986
1988
1996
1976

Answers

Answer:

1976 was the year congress officially designated February as black history month

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