Answer:
b) electrons are shared in a covalent bond
Explanation:
remember for ionic bonding, it occurs between a metal and a non-metal, we know that the metal donates electrons to the non-metal while the non-metal is the receiver.
the reason why the metal donates electron is usually because it has between 1-3 electrons on its valence shell and therefore there is a weaker attraction of the positive nucleus to the outermost electrons hence why it is readily donated.
the opposite occurs for the non-metals hence why it readily accepts electrons to become stable
Why is it important not to leave fingerprints or scratch the sample cells in spectrophotometric measurements?.
The amount of light that reaches the detector can be reduced by scuffs and fingerprints on the surface of the cell. Your results won't be correct if this happens.
To measure the concentration of a particular solution precisely, this equipment requires cautious usage. If certain preparatory processes weren't followed, the wavelength could be off.
Always use a lint-free cloth to clean or manipulate the cuvette, and be careful to wipe out any water that may have accidentally dropped inside.
Although each fingerprint is unique, they all fall into one of three main categories: the whorl, which resembles a spiral, the loop, which resembles a teardrop, and the arch, which resembles a cross-section of a hill.
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what alkane, with molecular formula c5h12 , forms only one monochlorinated product when it is heated with cl2 ?
The alkane with the molecular formula C₅H₁₂ , which forms the only one monochlorinated product when it is heated with Cl₂ is 2,2 dimethyl propane or neo-pentane.
The alkane with the molecular formula C₅H₁₂, forms only one monochlorination product is given as follows :
C(CH₃)₃- CH₃ + Cl₂ -----> C(CH₃)₃- CH₂ - Cl
2,2 dimethyl propane 2,2 dimethyl 1 chloro- propane
( neopentane)
thus, the 2,2 dimethyl 1 chloro- propane is formed when the neopentane or the 2,2 dimethyl propane with undergoes mono chlorination. in the mono chlorination the , in the alkane the one hydrogen atom is replaced by the chlorine atom,. this is the process of chlorination.
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How does electron pair repulsion determine the molecular shape/molecule geometry?.
The repulsion of the electron pair surrounding the core atom has a significant impact on the geometry or shape of the electron.
How does the molecule shape indicate or are determined by electron pair repulsion?The tendency of the electron pairs in an atom to repel one another when they are present is known as electron pair repulsion.
The more repulsion there is between the electron pairs, the more the electrons want to organize themselves to lessen it.
Here, the issue of how electron pair repulsion affects molecule geometry is raised.
The fundamental explanation is that the molecule will change its structure to keep the repelling electron pair apart.
The electron pair repulsion also plays a significant role in determining molecular geometry, since molecules prefer to modify their form and geometry in response to the electron pair.
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Cobalt-60 is a radioisotope that decays by first order kinetics with a half life of 5. 26 years. When used in radiotherapy, a cobalt-60 unit is replaced when the concentration of co decreases to 75% of its initial value. When does this occur?.
After 2.18 years this radioactive outcomes occur.
For a first order reaction, we have the equation: [Co] = [Co]0 * 2-t/t1/2, where [Co]0 is the inital concentration of Co, [Co] is concentration at time t and t1/2 is half life
We are given [Co] = 75 % of [Co]0 = 75/100 * [Co]0
Pluggin this into the above equation:
75/100 * [Co]0 = [Co]0 * 2-t/5.26
Solving, t = 2.18 years
The capacity of some substances to spontaneously emit energy and subatomic particles is known as radioactivity. It is, in essence, a property of certain atomic nuclei. An unstable nucleus will spontaneously decay, or transform into a more stable structure, however this only occurs in a limited number of specific ways by ejecting certain particles or types of electromagnetic radiation. Radioactive decay is a property that many naturally occurring elements and their manufactured isotopes have.
The rate of radioactive element decay is measured by the half-life of an element, which is the period of time it takes for one-half of any given quantity of the isotope to decay. Half-lives for certain nuclei might range from greater than 1024 years to less than 1023 seconds.
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Pls balance the equation!
Answer:
2NaCl + F₂ → 2NaF +Cl₂
A colorimeter is an instrument used to measure the amount of ____________ absorbed by a solution. This absorbance is proportional to the ________ of the solute in solution.
A colorimeter is an instrument used to measure the amount of heat absorbed by a solution. This absorbance is proportional to the concentration of the solute in solution.
A calorimeter is a device used in calorimetry, a procedure for calculating heat capacity and measuring the heat of chemical processes or other physical changes. Among the most popular kinds are differential scanning calorimeters, isothermal micro calorimeters, titration calorimeters, and accelerated rate calorimeters. A straightforward calorimeter is basically a metal container with a thermometer positioned above a combustion chamber. It is one of the measuring tools used in the research of chemistry, biochemistry, and thermodynamics.
To calculate the enthalpy change per mole of substance A in a reaction involving two compounds A and B, the substances are individually introduced to a calorimeter and the beginning and final temperatures (before and after the reaction) are recorded. The mass and specific heat capacity of the substances multiplied by the temperature change provide a figure for the amount of energy released or absorbed during the reaction. The enthalpy change of the reaction is calculated by dividing the energy change by the quantity of A that was present.
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identify each material as a compound or a mixture. coffee is a solution of organic substances in water. mixture compound
The material as a compound or a mixture. coffee is a solution of organic substances in water is mixture.
Mixture can be defined as the combination of different substances and they can be separate by the different types methods. like salt water , salad is a mixture. coffee comes under the category of solution , a mixture and a homogenous mixture. A homogeneous mixture is defined as the mixture of substances that can be mixed thoroughly that cannot be seen as individual substance.
Thus, The material as a compound or a mixture. coffee is a solution of organic substances in water is mixture.
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Answer:
mixture for both
Explanation:
What are 2 similarities and 2 differences between ionic and covalent bonds?.
While ions in a covalent bond are shared evenly by the atoms, an ionic bond guidance and suggestions an electrons to the other atom involved in the bond.
In plain English, what is a covalent bond?When two atoms exchange an electron pair, they form an interatomic connection known as a covalent bond in chemistry. The electrical interaction of their protons for the identical electrons is what causes the binding.
What causes a covalent bond to form?A covalent bond is formed when two atoms exchange one or even more pairs of electrons. The two two atoms are concurrently drawing these electrons to them. When the difference in two atoms' electronegativities is too low for an electron transfer to happen, a covalent bond is created.
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what process occurs in box a? what process occurs in box a? electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation oxidative phosphorylation electron transport
oxidative phosphorylation occurs in a box ,Carbon dioxide and water are by-products of cellular respiration.
what is oxidative phosphorylation ?
During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons derived from NADH and FADH2 combine with O2, and the energy released from these oxidation/ reduction reactions is used to drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP.Oxidative phosphorylation or electron transport-linked phosphorylation or terminal oxidation is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing chemical energy in order to produce adenosine triphosphate. In eukaryotes, this takes place inside mitochondriaOxidative Phosphorylation StepsDelivery of Electrons by NADH and FADH2. Reduced NADH and FADH2 transfer their electrons to molecules near the beginning of the transport chain. ...Electron Transport and Proton Pumping. ...Splitting of Oxygen to form Water. ...ATP Synthesis.Oxidative phosphorylation provides most of the ATP that higher animals and plants use to support life and is responsible for setting and maintaining metabolic homeostasis.In the mitochondrion, what the proton gradient does is facilitate the production of ATP from ADP and Pi. This process is known as oxidative phosphorylation, because the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP is dependent on the oxidative reactions occurring in the mitochondriato know more about oxidative phosphorylation follow
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Name the process that occurs which causes the sugar to spread throughout the water.
The process of that causes the sugar to spread throughout the water is called solvation.
What is solvation?Solvation is the process by which solvent molecules surround and interact with dissolved ions or molecules. It simply refers to the interaction of a solute and a solvent. An important example of solvation is hydration where the solvent is water.
In general, the law of analogy applies to solvation is polar and non-polar nature of solute and solvent:
Polar solutes like sodium chloride are solvated by polar solvents such as water. They are not solvated by non-polar solvents such as benzene.Nonpolar solutes such as icosane are solvated by nonpolar solvents such as benzene. They are not solvated by polar solvents such as water.The soap molecules have polar and non-polar parts. Nonpolar moieties attract nonpolar molecules such as fats, while polar moieties allow them to be solvated by water. This combination of properties makes soapy water the perfect mixture for washing dirty dishes after eating.As sugars are polar solutes, hence they end up dissolved in polar solvents such as water.
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an aqueous solution contains 0.22 m sodium fluoride. one liter of this solution could be converted into a buffer by the addition of:
One liter of this solution could be converted into a buffer by the addition of 0.25 mol of NH3 and 0.13 mol of KOH.
What is aqueous solution and what needs to be added in one litre of this solution to convert it into buffer?The solution in which the solvent is basically water is called aqueous solution and sugar solution is one such example.Here is given the 0.22 molal sodium fluoride in an aqueous solution , and one liter of this solution needs to be converted to buffer.Basically aqueous in a solution indicates that the substance in the solution is dispersed in water.0.25 mol of NH3 and 0.13 mol of KOH needs to be added to an aqueous solution containing 0.22 molal sodium fluoride.Hence 0.25 mol of NH3 and 0.13 mol of KOH needs to be added to convert into buffer .To know more about solution visit:
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Amplitude is the term used to describe the width of a wave.
True
Or
False
False, Amplitude is not the term used to describe the width of a wave.
Amplitude of a wave basically refers to the maximum amount of displacement of a particle on a medium from the position of its rest.
So we can say thar amplitude is nothing but the distance from the rest position to its crest of the wave. Amplitude can also be calculated from the trough position of the graph.
whereas the width of a wave is nothing but the distance between the highest surface part of the wave called crest to the lowest surface part of the wave called trough. So distance between a crest and a trough is actually the width of a wave.
So amplitude is not used to determine the width of the wave
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which of the following ions has the same ground-state electron configuration as the nearest noble gas?
group of answer choices
fe3+
pb4+
zn2+
zr2+
ce4+
Answer:
i think it might be zr2+ i may be wrong but lets try that
Explanation:
if a solution has a very low concentration of h , it will have a ph in what range? group of answer choices
If a solution has a very low concentration of H⁺ , The pH in of the solution increases.
The pH is inversely proportional to the concentration of H⁺ ion. the strong acid is one which produces more H⁺ ion in the solution. the weak acid produce less concentration of H⁺ ion. if the concentration of H⁺ ion decreases the pH of the solution increases. the pH below 7 is acidic and pH above 7 is basic. the pH increase mean solution shifts to basicity.
Thus, If a solution has a very low concentration of H⁺ , The pH in of the solution increases.
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Mrs. Halpin's wedding ring has a total mass of 5.43 g. It is made of 5.26 g of gold and has 0.170 grams of diamonds on it. Assuming the gold ring is pure gold, what is the volume of her ring?
The density of gold is 19.3 g/mL.
The density of diamond is 3.51 g/mL
I got 0.321mL but I dont know if its right so could someone check it
Density is an intensive property as it does not depend on the quantity of the substances Whereas mass and volume are extensive property. The total volume of ring is 0.31ml.
What is density?Density tells about the compactness of the substances, how much dense is the substances in other words. Object that is more denser than water they just sink in the water
Mathematically,
Density = Mass ÷volume marked on the graduated cylinder
Density of gold =19.3 g/mL.
Mass of gold=5.26 g
Volume of gold= 5.26 g ÷ 19.3 g/mL.=0.27ml
Density of diamonds= 3.51 g/mL
Mass of diamonds=0.170 grams
Volume of diamonds= 0.170 g ÷ 3.51 g/mL.=0.27ml=0.04ml
Total volume =0.27ml+0.04ml=0.31ml
Therefore, the total volume of ring is 0.31ml.
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if neither the volume nor the pressure of the system changes during the process, how is the change in internal energy related to the change in enthalpy
Change in enthalpy of the system is directly proportional to the change in internal energy.
What is enthalpy?
A thermodynamic system's enthalpy, which is one of its properties, is calculated by adding the system's internal energy to the product of its pressure and volume. It is a state function that is frequently used to monitor chemical, biological, and physical systems at a constant pressure that is conveniently given by the sizable surrounding environment. The energy necessary to determine the system's physical dimensions, or to make room for it by displacing its surrounds, is expressed by the pressure-volume phrase. Under typical conditions, the pressure-volume term is very small for solids and liquids and moderately small for gases.
The change in the enthalpy of the system during a chemical reaction is equal to the change in its internal energy plus the change in the product of the pressure times change in the volume of the system. Here it is given that change in pressure as well as change in volume is zero.Hence change in enthalpy of the system is directly proportional to the change in internal energy..
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Name 5 elements that we don't know what the state of matter is at room temperature.
Answer:
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and chlorine
Explanation:
hydrogen (H, element 1), nitrogen (N, element 7), oxygen (O, element 8), fluorine (F, element 9), and chlorine (Cl, element 17) are all gases at room temperature, and are found as diatomic molecules (H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2).
Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction what form of energy does it use
1. Given the formula of a substance:
H
HH
NE
C=C-C=C
7
H
H
H
What is the total number of shared electrons in a molecule of this substance?
A) 22
B) 11
C) 9
D) 6
A molecular formula is a chemical formula for a molecular compound that shows the types and numbers of atoms in the compound's molecule. Ammonia is a nitrogen-hydrogen compound.
What is the total number of shared electrons in this substance's molecule?The total number of shared electrons in a molecule is 22.
Ionic and covalent compounds are the two types of compounds. Molecules are the most basic unit of a covalent compound, and they can be represented in a variety of ways.
Atoms are the smallest units of matter that retain an element's fundamental chemical properties. However, much of the study of chemistry is concerned with what happens when atoms combine to form compounds. A compound is a unique collection of atoms held together by chemical bonds.
The electrostatic attraction between the positively charged nucleus and the negatively charged electrons surrounding it holds the structure of the atom together, and the stability within chemical bonds is also due to electrostatic attractions. Consider the two most common types of chemical bonds: covalent bonds and ionic bonds. Two atoms share pairs of electrons in covalent bonds, whereas electrons are fully transferred between two atoms in ionic bonds.
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what force was applied to an object if 35 j of work was done and the object moved 7 m?
5N force was applied to an object if 35 j of work was done and the object moved 7 m
A force is an effect that can alter an object motion according to physics and an object with mass can change its velocity or accelerate as a result force and also force is as push or pull and work done by the force on an object means assuming that direction of the force is parallel to the displacement of the object
Then the formula is
W = f × d
Where f is the magnitude of force and d is the displacement of the object
Then W = 35 J is the work done and
d = 7m is the displacement of the object
So rearrange the equation then
F = 35/7 = 5N
5N force was applied to an object if 35 j of work was done and the object moved 7 m
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predict the charge that an ion formed from sulfur would have. question 21 options: a) 1- b) 2- c) 6 d) 4 e) 3-
The charge of the ion from the sulfur atom would have 2- ionic state.
Sulfides/sulfur ions are inorganic sulfur anions of the formula S2- or compounds containing one or more S2- ions. Solutions of sulfide salts are corrosive. Sulfides also refer to a large family of chemical compounds, inorganic and organic compounds. Lead sulfide and dimethyl sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide and disulfide are conjugate acids of sulfides.
However, the name sulfide is also used in IUPAC nomenclature for compositions that do not assume the type of bond involved. Examples of such names are selenium disulfide and titanium sulfide, which do not contain sulfide ions.
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which of the following molecules contains an aldehyde? group of answer choices ch3coch3 ch3och3 ch3ch2oh ch3cho
The molecule that contains aldehyde group is : CH₃CHO.
An aldehyde is the organic compound containing CHO group at the end. In IUPAC naming the suffix used for the aldehyde group is al.
1) CH₃COCH₃ : This contain c double bond o group that is ketone group.
2) CH₃OCH₃ : The compound compound contain ether group.
3) CH₃CH₂OH : This compound contains the OH group called as alcohol group . the suffix used in alcohol is ol.
4) CH₃CHO : the compound contains CHO group at the end of the chain . this molecule contain aldehyde group.
Thus, The molecule that contains aldehyde group is : CH₃CHO.
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In the reaction 4al _o2→2al2o3, what coefficient should be placed in front of the o2 to balance the reaction? responses 1 1 2 2 3 3 4
The coefficient 2 should be placed in front of H2O to balance the following reaction: 2H2 +O2 = 2H2O.
The equation is said to be balanced when each element has the same number of atoms on both sides of the equation. The use of coefficients allows for the balancing of chemical equations. To complete the number of atoms, an element is given a coefficient, which is a numerical value.
This is the answer: 2H2 + O2 Equals H2O.
To equalise the proportion of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, we utilise coefficient 2. Coefficient 2 should be placed in front of H2O to balance the following reaction: 2H2 +O2 = 2H2O.
A coefficient is an integer that is either multiplied by or listed next to the variable with which it is linked. In other terms, a coefficient is a term's numerical factor that contains both constants and variables. The coefficient in the phrase 2x, for instance, is 2.
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A reaction that has two molecules involved at the rate determining step normally has an overall reaction order equal to?.
The total number of molecules responding in an elementary step determines the reaction's overall order. The reaction in the example below is referred to as first order.
Can there be two rate-determining phases in a reaction?Accordingly, a chemical system must always have either a single rate-controlling step (the RDS) or many rate-controlling steps, as well as potentially one or more rate-inhibiting processes. To sum up: Although not every overall chemical reaction contains a rate-determining step (RDS), all chemical reactions should have at least one.
What does order of reaction mean?Definition. The power dependence of the rate on the concentration of each reactant is referred to as the order of reaction. As a result, the rate of a first-order reaction depends on the concentration of a single species.
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The physical property of a substance that tells us how much energy is required to change the temperature of a substance by 1oc.
The specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required or absorbed to raise the temperature of a given substance by 1°C.
Heat capacityUsually denoted by a capital C, often with a subscription) is a measurable quantity that describes the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance (object) by a certain amount (eg 1°C).
When calculating the amount of heat, what we calculate is the amount of heat transfer. Heat is an energy that moves from objects with a higher temperature to objects with a lower temperature.
The heat capacity formula is as follows,
C = Q : ∆T
C : Heat capacity (joules/°C).
Q : Heat (joules).
∆T : Change in temperature (C).
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A piece of copper has a volume of 5.00 cm3. The density of copper is 8.96 g/cm3. What is the mass of the copper piece? mass = [ ? ] g Record your answer to the tenths place.
44.8 g is the mass of the copper piece
density= 8.96 g/cm3.
volume=5.00 cm3
density=mass/volume
mass=density × volume
mass= 8.96 g/cm3× 5.00 cm3
mass=44.8 g
The amount of matter that makes up an item is quantified by its mass. The kilogram (kg) is the fundamental unit of mass in the SI, and its initial definition was the mass of one liter of water at room temperature (the volume of a liquid changes slightly with temperature). The only SI base unit with a prefix is the kilogram.
Weight and mass are often used interchangeably. On the moon, the gravitational pull is roughly one-sixth as strong as it is on Earth. The weight of a given object will thus be six times greater on Earth than on the moon. Since mass only depends on the amount of matter in an object, it is location-independent.
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What is the sequence of nitrogenous bases that pairs with adenine cytosine and guanine?.
Base pair of DNA. The chlorine bases adenine (A), thymine (T), and cytosine (C), as well as guanine (G), couple together under normal conditions.
Waste made of nitrogen is what?The waste products left over after protein metabolism are nitrogenous wastes. Urine is the primary way that nitrogen wastes are expelled combined with water. These wastes include ammonia, urea, uric acid, etc.
What is a nitrogenous example?Amides, amides, amines, imines, esters, objective, azo compounds, cyanates, imide, nitrates, ammonium nitrate, nitrogen compounds, and so on are examples of organic nitrogen. One of the primary constituent elements of amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, and nitrogenous bases.
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Write a balanced chemical equation that describes an acid-base reaction that would allow you to determine the moles of aspirin present in a sample.
A balanced equation representing the acid-base reaction that allows the calculation of the moles of aspirin in a sample is
[tex]C_{9} H_{8}O_{4} + NaOH[/tex]⇒ [tex]C_{9} H_{7}O_{4} Na+ H_{2} O[/tex]
Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to reduce pain, fever, and/or inflammation, and as an antithrombotic.
Aspirin is a benzoic acid with an ortho-substituted acylated alcohol function (actually a phenol). Therefore, two reactions can occur when aspirin and NaOH are combined: In fact, several aspirin formulations contain this ingredient.
Hence, A balanced equation representing the acid-base reaction that allows the calculation of the moles of aspirin in a sample is
[tex]C_{9} H_{8}O_{4} + NaOH[/tex]⇒ [tex]C_{9} H_{7}O_{4} Na+ H_{2} O[/tex]
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If 30. 0 l of oxygen gas is cooled from 473 k to 274 k at constant pressure, what is the new volume of oxygen ?.
The new volume of oxygen is 17.378 L.
Charles's law“If a gas is contained in a closed chamber with constant mass and pressure, then its volume is directly proportional to its absolute temperature"
The relationship between volume and absolute temperature in the Charles equation is directly proportional. That is, if the temperature increases, the volume also increases. Conversely, if the temperature decreases, the volume of gas also decreases.
Thus, the simplest Charles law equation can be expressed as:
K = V/T
With,
V = gas volume (m³)
T = absolute temperature (K)
k : constant
So, Charles' law equation can be written as:
V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂
Where:
V₁ = initial volume of gas = 30 L
T₁ = initial temperature of gas = 473 K
V₂ = new volume of gas = ?
T₂ = new temperature of gas = 274
On putting all these values on the above equation, we get
V₂ = (30)(274) / 473 = 17.378 L
So, the new volume of oxygen is 17.378 L.
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What is the correct lewis electron-dot structure for the compound made of magnesium fluorine after forming an ionic bond?.
In the Lewis structure of MgF₂, each magnesium atom and each fluorine atom has two single bonds. Two fluorine atoms flank the magnesium atom. There are no lone pairs present on magnesium ion however there are three lone pairs on each of the fluorine atoms.
What is lewis electron-dot structure?Each element has a certain number of electrons in its atomic orbitals. Of these electrons, only those involved in bond formation with other atoms are present in the outermost shell of the atom. These electrons in the outermost orbital of the atom are called valence electrons.
MgF₂ is an ionic compound consisting of a magnesium cation and a fluoride anion. To draw the electron dot or Lewis diagram of this compound, you must first draw the electron configuration of the atoms.
Electronic configurations:
Mg : 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²
F : 1s²2s²2p⁵
By donating two electrons, magnesium has a full octet in its outer shell, and fluorine lacks only one electron to complete its octet, so two fluorine atoms bond with magnesium. Forms stable MgF₂ compounds. Thus an ionic bond is formed.
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