Convection is a common method for transferring heat in gases and liquids, in which the movement of the gas or liquid itself moves heat from one location to another.
When you boil water in a kettle, heat is transmitted from the fire to the pot through convection.
what is convection?
The process of convection involves the movement of a heated fluid, such as air or water, in order to transfer heat.
Examples of natural convection:
Rising hot air over a fire. melting ice Due to a pressure difference, there may be a sea wind or land breeze. Warm-blooded creatures have blood circulation.
Convective heat transfer is the process by which heat is transferred from one body to another by currents of flowing gas or fluid. As it flows away from the heated body, air or water rises and is replaced by a cooler parcel in the process of free convection.
Temperature differences within the fluid cause convection. Because of the increased energy of the particles, a fluid loses density at the area nearest to the heat source as it is heated. The less dense portion of the fluid then rises, while the denser portion sinks.
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which of these processes require a membrane? choose one or more: generation of atp by oxidative phosphorylation generation of energy by mitochondria generation of atp by photosynthesis in bacteria generation of atp by glycolysis generation of atp by photosynthesis in plants
The processes that require a membrane are the generation of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, the generation of energy by mitochondria, and the generation of ATP by photosynthesis in plants (Options a, b and e).
What is oxidative phosphorylation?Oxidative phosphorylation is the third step of cellular respiration which generates ATP in the mitochondria by creating a differential potential gradient in the inner membrane, in a similar way to the potential used by plants in photosynthesis (in this case in the chloroplast).
Therefore, with this data, we can see that oxidative phosphorylation generates ATP by a gradient using the mitochondrial membrane.
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a cell in g1 is diploid and has 34 chromosomes. what is the ploidy of the daughter cells after this cell goes through mitosis?
A diploid cell in G1 has 34 chromosomes. The number of daughter cells produced after this cell goes through mitosis is 2n=34.
The cells produced when a single cell undergoes mitosis or meiosis to reproduce.
Each daughter cell is haploid and has only one set of chromosomes, or half as many as the mother cell's total number of chromosomes.
Mitosis produces diploid offspring cells that are identical to the parent cell. Meiosis I is where the majority of the variations between mitosis and meiosis occur. The homologous chromosomal pairs connect and are bonded together by the synaptonemal complex during meiosis I.
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primary production in the ocean involves phytoplankton, which require to carry out the process of photosynthesis. (mark all that apply.)
Photosynthesis, the process of generating energy from chlorophyll and sunlight, is how phytoplankton obtains its energy. Phytoplankton absorb carbon dioxide and expel oxygen, just like other plants.
The generation of new organic matter from inorganic substrates is known as primary production, and it is this organic matter that forms the foundation of the food chain for the majority of marine consumers.The supply chain's primary production stage is made up of agricultural practices, aquaculture, fishing, and related operations that produce raw food resources.Growth of phytoplankton is reliant on the presence of carbon dioxide, sunshine, and nutrients.Phytoplankton produce oxygen and nutrition for other species through the process of photosynthesis, which involves the use of sunlight, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and water. Since the oceans span 71% of the planet, phytoplankton are in charge of producing up to 50% of the oxygen that humans breathe.To know more about Photosynthesis
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when the cumulative effects of an infection cause damage or disrupt tissues and organs, the pathologic state that results is called
Disease is the pathologic state that develops when the cumulative effects of an infection harm or disturb tissues and organs. By cloning and cultivating physiologically intriguing molecules.
it is possible to investigate and produce pertinent compounds. tissues producing chemicals of interest must be disturbed tissues, aside from expelled molecules. Various techniques are covered on this page. Cell unroofing is another type of disruption.
A disease is a specific aberrant state that adversely affects an organism's overall structure or function and is not immediately brought on by an external harm. Medical conditions with specific signs and symptoms are frequently known as diseases.
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tracking the inheritance of two genes is possible if the genotypes of the parents are known. if two parents are heterozygous for phenylketonuria (a recessive disorder in which a person cannot metabolize phenylalanine) and albinism (a recessive disorder in which a person does not produce the skin pigment, melanin), what are the chances that they will have a child who is also heterozygous for both conditions?
The inheritance of two genes is feasible if the genotypes of the mother and father are known. if two dads and moms are heterozygous for phenylketonuria a recessive ailment 1:16.
Linked genes are genes that might probably be inherited together because they're bodily close to one another on the same chromosome. at some stage in meiosis, chromosomes are recombined, resulting in gene swaps among homologous chromosomes.
linked genes are inherited together as their alleles are located near every difference and are less possibly to be separated with the aid of crossing over. Linkage explains why positive characteristics are regularly inherited collectively.
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how does the electron transport chain use energy that was originally in glucose to generate atp chemiosomos
A chemiosmotic gradient causes hy drogen ions to flow back across the mitochondrial membrane into the matrix, through ATP synthase, producing ATP
What is electron transport chain ?The oxidative phosphorylation process, which produces ATP, is made up of a series of four protein complexes called the electron transport chain that couple redox processes to produce an electrochemical gradient. Both cellular respiration and photosynthesis take place in mitochondria.
The ETC is a group of proteins that are affixed to the inner mitochondrial membrane along with organic molecules. During a series of redox reactions, the electrons move through the ETC and release energy. The protein ATP-synthase uses the energy liberated to create a proton gradient, which is then utilised in chemiosmosis to produce a significant amount of ATP.Learn more about Electron transport chain here:
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There is a ______- brain barrier that prevents harmful materials from the brain.
There is a barrier called Blood- Brain barrier that prevents harmful materials from the brain.
What is Blood-brain barrier ?The Blood-Brain barrier (BBB) is a diffusion barrier, which obstruct flow of most compounds from blood to brain.
There are three cellular elements of the brain which are as follows
1.) Microvasculature which consist the BBB-endothelial cells
2) Astrocyte end-feet
3) Pericytes (PCs)
Tight junctions (TJs) which are present between the cerebral endothelial cells, acts as a diffusion barrier, which selectively excludes most blood-borne substances from entering the brain. Astrocytic end-feet tightly enfold the vessel wall and acts as a crucial part for maintenance of the TJ barrier, but astrocytes does not have a barrier function in the mammalian brain.
Dysfunction of the BBB, such as impairment of the TJ seal, complications of neurologic diseases like stroke and neuroinflammatory disorders.
Thus, there is a barrier called Blood- Brain barrier that prevents harmful materials from the brain.
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what causes a pulse in an artery
The pulse rate in an artery is caused by the pressure of the blood in the blood vessel walls when the heart pumps blood to different parts of the body.
What is the pulse rate?The pulse rate in the blood vessels can be defined as the force of the blood pumped by the heart when it moves through the blood vessels and exerts pressure.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the pulse in the blood vessels is associated with heart pumping and it is a force against blood vessel walls.
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one kind of plasmid in bacteria is called an r plasmid. what kinds of genes are typically present on such plasmids? select all that apply.
Genes for antibiotic resistance. Bacteria store genes for heavy metal tolerance on r plasmids.
What are R plasmids, exactly?
An extrachromosomal genetic component called plasmids is found in many bacterial strains. These little, spherical DNA molecules replicate independently of the bacterial chromosomes. The main hosts of plasmids are bacteria, achaea, and other multicellular creatures.
What are plasmids R and F?
The fertility element needed for conjugation is present in the F plasmid. The R plasmid contains a gene or factor that confers resistance to antibiotics. There is a fertility factor F. It has a resistance factor, abbreviated R. Through conjugation, it can transmit genetic information and produce sex pilus.
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fahrenholz' rule states that group of answer choices the evolutionary history of host and parasite should be tightly correlated. the evolutionary history of a parasite will mirror that of its host only if there is no reciprocal selection. the evolutionary history of a parasite will be independent of its host. parasites always direct the evolutionary path of their hosts.
Fahrenholz' rule states that the evolutionary history of a parasite will mirror that of its host only if there is no reciprocal selection.
Authors, such as Kellogg and Fahrenholz, observed that closely related host species were associated with closely related avian parasites that shared similar phenotypic characteristics. The Fahrenholz rule, which they proposed in 1913, states that a parasite's phylogeny "mirrors that of its host." Therefore, option B is the right choice.
Some time later, in 1940, Szidat put forth a similar idea: "Primitive hosts harbour primitive parasites." The theory put forth was that co-speciation—the concurrent and interdependent bifurcation of host and parasite lineages—causes similarity between the parasites of related hosts, which in turn results in congruent host and parasite phylogenies.
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Plants absorb water from the soil through their roots. _______ of this water is used for photosynthesis; _______ of this water evaporates into the air through transpiration.
Plants absorb water from the soil through their roots. Transportation of this water is used for photosynthesis transport of this water evaporates into the air through transpiration.
What is the name of the process by which water is transported to the plant ?Osmosis is the process by which water is being transported to the plants.
Plants absorb water from roots by the capillary actions. Xylem is the tissue that is responsible for the transportation of water and water nutrients in the plants.
The various steps that are involved in the water transportation are as following :
A)The water and nutrients are absorbed through the xylem.
B)Xylem is located just below surface of the plant's tissue.
C)The xylem tissue cells attract the water molecules via the soil upward.
D)By diffusion, the water is pulled and absorbed by the plants.
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How can proteins interact with dna and recognize dna sequences without unwinding the dna double helix?.
Answer: they bind to specific nucleotide sequences like enhancers, repressor
Explanation:
Owls are more likely to catch and eat mice that do not match the color of their surroundings because those mice are more visible. Given this, what is the best explanation for the data in the table?
(A) Mice try to find habitats that match their coat color and then stay there.
(B) Mice changed their coat color to match their environment.
(C) Mice are only able to survive on surfaces that match their coat color.
(D) Mice whose color matches their habitat are better able to survive and reproduce.
Answer: I believe the answer is B. Mice changed their coat color to match their environment.
Explanation:
Some species of mice are masters of disguise. The natural brown or grey coat of a mice is perfectly made to hide among both country nature and city corners. Deer mice living in the Nebraska sandhills were able to mutate to change the colors of their coats from their original grey to a soft brown -- perfect for blending in with the sandy surroundings.
true or false: genes code for chromosomes and chromosomes are responsible for the individual traits we observe. true correct! false
False, because chromosomes are architecturally very compact and genetic code for them, they are not responsible for the specific features we witness.
Contrary to appearance, chromosomes are very compressed physically, allowing for the containment of these enormous DNA structures within the cell nucleus. A human's chromosomes. The genetic code refers to the set of guidelines that living cells employ to convert data from genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets, or codons) into proteins. The ribosome does translation by linking genetic code amino acids in the order dictated by messenger RNA (mRNA) and employing transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to transport amino acids.
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Quick clays are very fine-grained, loosely packed sediments. Water fills the pore spaces between the grains, which are glued weakly together by.
The water molecule has a effective and poor charge. The surfaces of clay minerals are negatively charged forming covalent bond.
When subjected to immoderate pressure, a sure type of clay regarded as "quick clay" completely disintegrates and starts to move alongside its floor in a liquid-like fashion. The maximum not unusual place for brief clay are Norway and Sweden; however, it may additionally be determined in Russia, Finland, Canada, and Alaska.
Quick clay, are touchy sediments that were deposited in marine and brackish water all through the late glacial and postglacial periods. Due to the removal of salt, their cappotential to be reshaped has end up less, and as a result, they now reply like liquids while they're disturbed.
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when mendel set up a parental (p) cross between true breeding purple and white flowered plants to generate the f1 and then allowed the f1 to self-pollinate to generate the f2 he saw a dominant to recessive ratio of 3:1. what phenotypic ratio would be expected if he crossed the f1 with the original purple parent?
The phenotypic ratio that Mendel would be expected if he crossed the F1 with the original purple parents is all purple progeny (4:0) because it involves the cross of a parental line that is homozygous dominant for a given trait.
What is a homozygous dominant trait?A homozygous dominant trait refers to any trait controlled by one or more genes that display the dominant allele for the loci involved, which is found in both homologous chromosomes for each one of these loci.
In this case, the parental purple is dominant homozygous and thereby the next generation always will receive a dominant allele for the trait.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that a homozygous dominant trait only can generate dominant progeny in the first generation since this cross with both heterozygous and recessive homozygous plant lines to produce only a type of phenotype in offspring.
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Read the excerpt from “The Gift of the Magi” by O. Henry. Which sentence uses an auxiliary verb to express certainty?
Answer:
'This dark assertion will be illuminated later on'. We use 'will' when we believe that a future state is certain to occur.
For the second sentence with an auxiliary verb, it is 'But if you'll unwrap that package, you may see why you had me going a while at first'.
Explanation:
what's an auxiliary verb?
An auxiliary verb is a verb this is used as an assisting verb alongside the facet of the primary verb in a sentence to make it more widespread. its miles used to modify the worrying, mood, or voice of the sentence.
something in the manner of a haircut or a shave or a shampoo that could make me like my girl any much less. but if we unwrap that package, you may see why you had me going a while at the beginning.
The auxiliary has helps to explicit the ideal component alongside the participle, completed. some sentences comprise a series of two or more auxiliary verbs. Auxiliary verbs also are referred to as helping verbs, helper verbs,auxiliaries. research has been carried out into break up inflection in auxiliary verbs.
Answer:
.
Explanation:
why one should not sleep under a tree at night.
What important clues about DNA did Franklin's X-ray pattern reveal?
The important clues about DNA which Franklin's X-ray pattern reveal are that DNA has the structure of a double helix.
DNA is the data molecule. It stores directions for creating alternative giant molecules, known as proteins. These directions are keep within every of your cells, distributed among forty six long structures known as chromosomes. Rosalind Franklin's application of radiation science was actually historic. Her work with x-ray physics confirmed the double helix structure of the DNA molecule.
Created by Rosalind Franklin employing a technique known as X-ray physics, it disclosed the coiling form of the DNA. Watson and Crick realised that polymer was created of 2 chains of ester pairs that encrypt the genetic data for all living things.
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A student is asked to create models of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. They will use materials to represent the cell membrane, cytoplasm, dna, and other internal cell structures. Which structures will be modeled in both cell types? select all that apply.
The cells of all prokaryotes and eukaryotes own two basic features: a plasma membrane, additionally referred to as a cellular membrane, and cytoplasm.
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells each use deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as the basis for his or her genetic information. This genetic cloth is needed to regulate and tell cellular function via the advent of RNA via transcription, accompanied by the generation of proteins thru translation.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, a membrane-sure chamber in which DNA is stored, at the same time as prokaryotic cells do not. this is the function that formally separates the two companies. Eukaryotes typically have other membrane-certain organelles in addition to the nucleus, while prokaryotes don't.
Eukaryotic cells incorporate membrane-certain organelles, which include the nucleus, whilst prokaryotic cells do now not. differences in cell shape of prokaryotes and eukaryotes include the presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts, the mobile wall, and the shape of chromosomal DNA.
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If pyruvate processing is blocked, what will happen to the levels of oxaloacetate and citrate in the citric acid cycle?.
There will be an increase in oxaloacetate and a decrease in citrate.
What happens if a cell doesn't have enough oxaloacetate?Since pyruvate cannot produce oxaloacetate, it is diverted to alternative pathways instead, which result in the production of lactic acid and alanine. Oxaloacetate is necessary for the urea cycle and gluconeogenesis to occur.
The citric acid cycle's importance of oxaloacetate is explained.Response and Justification: One of the crucial intermediates of the Krebs cycle is oxaloacetate. It reacts with acetyl-CoA to produce citrate as a byproduct.
When the citric acid cycle is complete, what happens to the malate or oxaloacetate?Malate is dehydrogenated to create the new oxaloacetate required for the cycle's final reaction, which allows acetyl coA to enter.
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mutations are a. usually detrimental. b. usually neutral. c. usually beneficial. d. necessary for evolution. e. usually weeded out of a population.
Answer:
The answer to your question is d. necessary for evolution
Explanation:
If you forgot to include primers in your pcr reaction do you think that your target dna would be amplified?.
If you forgot to include primers in your PCR, the target DNA will not be amplified.
What is PCR?PCR is an acronym for polymerase chain reaction. It is a technology that allows segments of a DNA of interest to be amplified and studied in greater detail.
The components of a typical PCR and their functions include:
The DNA of interestA DNA polymerase that can function effectively at high temperatures - TAQ polymerase.Oligonucleotide primersDeoxyribonucleotide phosphateBuffer systemBasically, Polymerase Chain Reaction technology works on the principle of enzymatic replication of DNA segments. Naturally, a primer will always bind to a DNA segment before the process of replication can take place.
The oligonucleotide primer takes the function of a natural primer and binds to the DNA of interest before rapid replication can take place. Without this process, the target DNA will not be amplified.
Thus, if you forgot to include primers in your PCR reaction, the target DNA will simply not be amplified.
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Press the hotspot of the component that indicates the hydrophilic head of the plasma membrane.
A phosphate and a choline molecule (blue) make up the hydrophilic head (orange).
What is plasma membrane?Plasma membrane is defined as a biological membrane that keeps all cells' interiors private and shields them from the outside world. A cell is protected by its cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane. Additionally, it maintains a constant environment inside the cell, and that membrane serves a variety of purposes.
A phosphate and a choline molecule (blue) make up the hydrophilic head (orange). This head is joined to a glycerol (green) that has two fatty acid tails that are hydrophobic (purple). (D) This image reveals the precise atoms that make up each of the phosphatidylcholine molecule's sub regions.
Thus, a phosphate and a choline molecule (blue) make up the hydrophilic head (orange).
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if the parathyroid glands were accidentally removed during thyroid surgery, a condition that could result is called .
Using the theories of glands, we got that if the parathyroid glands were accidentally removed during thyroid surgery, a condition that could result is called hypoparathyroidism.
Parathyroid glands are actually located in the neck just behind the thyroid gland. There are typically the four parathyroid glands that regulate blood calcium levels. Hypoparathyroidism is the rare but serious condition that can result after the removal of all the four parathyroid glands. It may happen during neck or the thyroid surgery when the pea-shaped gland is resected by mistake. In this condition, the blood calcium actually levels drop suddenly and may cause the dangerous heart rhythm irregularities and seizures. The condition happens due to extremely low blood calcium level and needs the immediate correction of the calcium levels.
Hence, if the parathyroid glands were accidentally removed during thyroid surgery, a condition that could result is called as hypoparathyroidism.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. utah's great salt lake has an average salinity seven times higher than that of the oceans. very few multicellular organisms live in this harsh environment. an example is the brine shrimp, which must devote a large portion of its metabolic energy to osmoregulation. these brine shrimp must ____ . view available hint(s)
These Brine shrimp have to work hard to pump water back.
What are brine shrimp used for?A sizable colony of brine shrimp of the Artemia salina species, which are valuable commercially, can be found in Utah's Great Salt Lake. Young brine shrimp that hatch from dried eggs are regularly fed to fish and other tiny animals in aquariums.
Can people eat brined shrimp?These small creatures are also essential to the regional economy. The industry of brine shrimp fishing brings in between 70 and 100 million dollars annually. Brine shrimp cysts, which are sold all over the world, are given to fish and shellfish that are bred for human consumption.
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Photosynthesis transforms molecules of water and
carbon dioxide into molecules of
A. carbohydrate and oxygen
B. carbohydrate and nitrogen
C. polypeptide and oxygen
D. polypeptide and nitrogen
Photosynthesis transforms molecules of water and carbon dioxide into molecules of carbohydrates and oxygen. Option A.
Light energy triggers a chemical reaction that breaks down carbon dioxide and water molecules and rearranges them to produce sugar and oxygen gas. The process by which green plants and certain other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants.
Light energy is captured and used to convert water carbon dioxide and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds. Photosynthesis is a reaction that produces glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. Chemicals in plant cells absorb the radiant energy of the sun. During photosynthesis, radiant energy is converted into chemical energy and stored in chemical bonds in glucose molecules that plants use for food.
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green and blue coral snakes are found in even numbers on an isolated island. a hurricane hits the island, killing the majority of blue coral snakes. the few remaining coral snakes repopulate the island, with green snakes now the predominant color morph. this scenario is best described by:
The scenario is best described by Bottleneck Effect.
What is bottleneck effect?
The bottleneck effect happens when the population number is dramatically decreased as a result of natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, and other natural disasters. The new population is made up of the organisms that were able to survive the disasters.
Population bottlenecks play an important role in conservation biology and in the context of agriculture.
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2. Mitosis is a continuous process not a series of separate events. What evidence did you observe to support this statement?.
In mitosis, there are numerous amounts of cells in different stages, that shows that the cells are constantly dividing.
What is mitosis?Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. Cell division by mitosis gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the total number of chromosomes is maintained. Therefore, mitosis is also known as equational division.
Moreover, mitosis is the process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and then segregates them, producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division. Mitosis is generally followed by equal division of the cell's content into two daughter cells that have identical genomes.
Therefore, mitosis is understood to involve five phases, based on the physical state of the chromosomes and spindle. These phases are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
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What mammalian cells would not be a good source to observe dividing cells in an adult?.
Everlasting cells are cells that are incapable of regeneration. these cells are taken into consideration to be terminally differentiated and non-proliferative in postnatal lifestyles. This includes neurons, heart cells, skeletal muscle cells, and pink blood cells.
Pink blood cells (RBCs) fall right into a truly less complicated category. Mature RBCs do not divide. In truth, because mature RBCs do not even have a nucleus, those cells in reality can not do an awful lot of anything other than act as vessels for the hemoglobin with which they are jam-packed. New RBCs are made in the marrow within the mature human.
Because the mitochondria are the mobile website for oxidative metabolism, where glucose is damaged all the way down to carbon dioxide and water to release energy, and because purple blood cells lack these organelles they cannot break down glucose absolutely aerobically.
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