Answer:
[tex]\huge\boxed{\sf n = 1.5\ mol}[/tex]
Explanation:
Given data:Mass = m = 39 g
Molar mass = M = 7 + 19 = 26 g/mol
Required:No. of moles = n = ?
Formula:[tex]\displaystyle n = \frac{m}{M}[/tex]
Solution:Put the given data in the above formula.
n = 39/26
n = 1.5 mol[tex]\rule[225]{225}{2}[/tex]
Calculate the mass of iron(III) oxide that contains a trillion oxygen atoms.
Answer:
7,3g
Explanation:
8.336x10^-13 moles x 88 g/mol =7,3 g
Answer:
0.13 grams.
Explanation:
To calculate the mass of iron(III) oxide that contains a trillion oxygen atoms, we first need to determine the molar mass of iron(III) oxide, also known as ferric oxide or Fe2O3. The molar mass of Fe2O3 is approximately 159.69 g/mol.
Next, we need to convert the number of oxygen atoms to moles using Avogadro's number, which is 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol. One mole of Fe2O3 contains two moles of oxygen, so the number of moles of Fe2O3 can be calculated as:
(1 trillion oxygen atoms) / (2 * 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol) = 8.37 x 10^-12 moles
Finally, we can calculate the mass of iron(III) oxide as:
(8.37 x 10^-12 moles) * (159.69 g/mol) = approximately 0.13 g
So, the mass of iron(III) oxide that contains a trillion oxygen atoms is approximately 0.13 grams.
Allen i little forget about this Sorry
An anion X-3 has 31 nucleons and has atomic numbe equal to 15. The number of electron having m = 0 i it, is:-
Answer: 23
Explanation:
because it is been multiplyed by 3 has s 31 nucleons and has atomic numbe equal to 15. The number of electron having m = 0 i
Answer:
The number of electrons with magnetic quantum number m = 0 can be calculated from the atomic number of the element. The atomic number gives the number of protons, and thus the number of electrons in a neutral atom. For the anion X-3, we have 15 - 3 = 12 electrons. The magnetic quantum number m can have integer values from -j to +j, where j is a half-integer representing the total angular momentum quantum number of the electron. In this case, j can be equal to 1/2, 3/2, 5/2, and so on. For the lowest value of j, which is 1/2, the magnetic quantum number m can have two values, +1/2 and -1/2. Thus, there are two electrons with m = 0. The number of electrons with m = 0 is equal to the number of electrons in the lowest energy level, which is the 1s orbital. In this case, two electrons occupy the 1s orbital, and both have m = 0.
Explanation:
Platinum is a transition metal and forms two different ions, Pt2+ and Pt4+. Write the formulas for the compounds for each platinum ion with bromide ions.
The formulas for the compounds formed between platinum ions and bromide ions are Platinum (II) bromide (PtBr2) and Platinum (IV) bromide (PtBr4)
In both of these compounds, the bonding between the platinum ion and the bromide ions is primarily ionic in nature.
In platinum (II) bromide (PtBr2), each platinum ion is surrounded by two bromide ions, and each bromide ion is bonded to one platinum ion. The platinum ion has a +2 charge, and the two bromide ions have a -1 charge each, so the overall charge of the compound is neutral.
In platinum (IV) bromide (PtBr4), each platinum ion is surrounded by four bromide ions, and each bromide ion is bonded to one platinum ion. The platinum ion has a +4 charge, and the four bromide ions have a -1 charge each, so the overall charge of the compound is neutral.
The bond between the platinum ion and the bromide ions is a result of the attraction between their opposite charges.
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What will happen to the portion of the molecule labeled C at the end of
the reaction when the product is released?
A. It will break down during the reaction process.
B. It will be scavenged by lysosomes and destroyed.
C. It will bind to another molecule of substrate.
D. It will be divided between the two products.
It will be scavenged by lysosomes and destroyed.
What is a lysosome?
Degradative organelles known as lysosomes serve as the cell's waste disposal system by breaking down old components found in the cytoplasm from both inside and outside the cell. Endocytosis is the process by which material from the outside of the cell is taken up; autophagy is the process by which material from within the cell is broken down.The organelles come in a wide range of sizes; the bigger ones might be up to ten times bigger than the smaller ones.Belgian researcher Christian de Duve, who later won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974, was responsible for their discovery and naming.More than 50 membrane proteins and more than 60 distinct enzymes have been found in lysosomes.To know more about lysosomes, click the link given below:
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A cylinder, with a piston pressing down with a constant pressure, is filled with 1.90 moles of a gas (n1), and its volume is 49.0 L (V1). If 0.500 mole of gas leak out, and the pressure and temperature remain the same, what is the final volume of the gas inside the cylinder? Express your answer with the appropriate unit
Answer:
the final volume of the gas inside the cylinder after 0.500 mole has leaked out is 37.0 L.
Explanation:
The ideal gas law states that PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature. Since the pressure and temperature are constant, we can assume that they remain constant during the process of the gas leaking out. So, the initial state (1) and the final state (2) of the gas can be described as follows:
(1) PV1 = n1RT
(2) PV2 = (n1 - 0.500)RT
Now, we can find the final volume of the gas by substituting the known values into the equation and solving for V2:
V2 = (n1RT)/P = (1.90 * 8.31 * T)/P
V2 = (1.90 * 8.31 * T)/P = (1.90 * 8.31 * T)/P = 49.0
V2 = 49.0 L * (1.90 - 0.500) / 1.90
V2 = 37.0 L
The density of pure iron is 7.874 g/cm³. What is the mass (in grams) of a piece of iron with a volume of 20.00 cm³?
Answer:
157.48 g
Explanation:
To calculate the mass of a piece of iron with a volume of 20.00 cm³, we can use the formula:
mass = density x volume
where density is the density of pure iron (7.874 g/cm³) and volume is the volume of the iron piece (20.00 cm³).
mass = 7.874 g/cm³ x 20.00 cm³ = 157.48 g
So, the mass of the iron piece is 157.48 g.
Radioactive iodine-123 has an effective half-life of 12 hours.
Part A
If a dose with an activity of 2.45 mCi of 1231 is given to a patient for a thyroid test, how much of the 123 I will still be active 60 hours later?
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
The amount of iodine-123 that will still be active 60 hours later is 0.0766 mCi.
How did we get the value?The effective half-life of iodine-123 is 12 hours, which means that after each 12-hour period, the activity of the sample will be reduced by half. After 60 hours, or 5 half-lives, the activity will be reduced to:
(1/2)^5 = 1/32
So only 1/32 of the original activity will remain. To find the activity that remains, we can multiply the initial activity by the fraction of the original activity that remains:
Remaining activity = (1/32) x 2.45 mCi = 0.0766 mCi
Therefore, the amount of iodine-123 that will still be active 60 hours later is 0.0766 mCi.
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About 0.153125 mCi of iodine-123 will still be active 60 hours later.
What is effective half-life of a radioactive substance ?Effective half-life of a radioactive substance is the amount of time it takes for the activity of the substance to decrease to half of its initial value, taking into account both the physical half-life of the substance and any biological processes that may affect its decay rate.
In this case, the effective half-life of iodine-123 is 12 hours. This means that after 12 hours, the activity of the substance will be reduced to half its initial value, and after another 12 hours (i.e., 24 hours after the initial dose), it will be reduced to one-quarter of its initial value, and so on.
To calculate the amount of iodine-123 that will still be active 60 hours later, we can use the following formula:
activity = initial activity x (1/2)^(t / t1/2)
where
"initial activity" is the initial amount of iodine-123 given to the patient (2.45 mCi) "t" is the time that has elapsed since the initial dose (60 hours) "t1/2" is the effective half-life of iodine-123 (12 hours)Plugging in the values, we get:
activity = 2.45 mCi x (1/2)^(60 hours / 12 hours)
activity = 2.45 mCi x 0.0625
activity = 0.153125 mCi
Therefore, about 0.153125 mCi of iodine-123 will still be active 60 hours later.
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The correct number of significant figures in the number 9.080 x10^4 is:
The correct number of significant figures in the number [tex]9.080 \times 10^4[/tex] is 4.
What are significant figures?Significant figures refer to the digits in a number that are trustworthy and denote the amount of something, also known as the significant digits, accuracy, or resolution.
Only the digits allowed by the measurement resolution are dependable, hence only these can be important figures if a number expressing the outcome of a measurement (such as length, pressure, volume, or mass) has more digits than the number of digits allowed by the measurement resolution.
Some rules to understand significant figures:
1. Non-zero digits are always significant
2. Zeros between non-zero digits are always significant.
3. Leading zeros are never significant.
4. Trailing zeros are only significant if the number contains a decimal point
This number has 4 significant figures.
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A new element with three naturally occurring isotopes has an average atomic mass determined to be 81.5529
amu. The first two isotopes have relative abundances of 76.12% and 10.27% and masses of 81.6643 amu and
81.1239 amu respectively. What is the mass of the third isotope?
- report your answer in six significant figures
- do not include units
The average atomic mass for the new element is given 81.5529 amu. The percentage abundance for the third isotope is 13.6 %. Then its atomic mass is 83.9 amu.
What are isotopes?Isotopes are atoms of same element with different atomic mass numbers. Almost all elements have two or more isotopes but not all of them are stable in nature.
The average atomic mass can be calculated from the isotopic mass and and percentage abundance as follows:
atomic mass = ∑ (isotopic mass × %abundance /100 )
Apply the isotopic mass and abundance of all isotopes given as follows:
atomic mass of the element = (76.12/100 ×81.6643 amu) + (10.27/100 × 81.1239 amu) + (13.6 /100 × X amu) =81.5529 amu.
Then,
(13.6 /100 × X amu) = 70.41 amu.
X = 83.9 amu.
Therefore, the atomic mass of the third isotope is 83.9 amu.
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What are the properties of noble gases and why are they so unreactive?
Answer:
because they have a full outer electron shell
Explanation:
Answer:
Noble gases are unreactive because they have a full outer electron shell, making them very stable and unlikely to participate in chemical reactions. They have low reactivity and are odorless, tasteless, and colorless gases.
Explanation:
Amino acids are represented in Fischer projections and described by D/L or R/S system. To denote amino acids as D or L, firstly they have to be written in Fischer projection, following the given steps:
1. The Fischer projection is denoted by a plus sign in which the acid group is placed on the top.
2. The carbon chain is the backbone of the Fischer projection, thus the side chain groups are placed at the bottom of the plus sign.
3. The vertical lines represent the bonds facing away from you (these are the carbon chain) and they are depicted by dashed wedges.
4. The horizontal lines represent the bonds coming towards you and they are depicted by solid wedges.
5. The position of the amino group determines the configuration of amino acid: If the amino group is on right side then it is D-amino acid, if the amino group is on left side then it is L-amino acid.
That's a good summary of how to represent amino acids in Fischer projections and determine their D/L configuration.
Just to clarify, the orientation of the amino group is actually determined by looking at the lowest chiral center of the molecule, which is usually the alpha carbon (the carbon next to the carboxyl group). If the amino group is on the right side of this carbon in the Fischer projection, it is an L-amino acid; if it's on the left side, it's a D-amino acid. This may seem counterintuitive, but it's because the Fischer projection is actually a 2D representation of a 3D molecule, and the labels "D" and "L" were historically assigned based on the orientation of the molecule in space rather than the orientation on paper.
Additionally, the R/S system is a different method of assigning absolute configuration (not D/L) to chiral centers in molecules, including amino acids. In this system, the orientation of the groups around the chiral center are ranked by priority (based on atomic number), and the molecule is oriented so that the lowest priority group is pointing away from the viewer. The remaining three groups are then prioritized in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, and the molecule is assigned an R or S configuration based on the direction of the priority sequence.
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define Qc, and how Qc is used (in comparison to Kc) to determine the direction in which the equilibrium will shift, resulting in changes to the concentrations of reactants and products
Answer:
Explanation:
"Qc" stands for "Reaction Quotient Concentration" and represents the ratio of the concentrations of products raised to their stoichiometric coefficients, divided by the ratio of the concentrations of reactants raised to their stoichiometric coefficients at a given point in a chemical reaction.
Qc is used in comparison to "Kc," the "Equilibrium Constant Concentration," to determine the direction in which a chemical reaction at equilibrium will shift. If Qc is less than Kc, the reaction will shift in the direction that increases the concentration of products, so as to reach a new state of equilibrium with Kc. Conversely, if Qc is greater than Kc, the reaction will shift in the direction that increases the concentration of reactants, so as to reach a new state of equilibrium with Kc.
In other words, if Qc is equal to Kc, the reaction is at its state of equilibrium, and any changes to the concentrations of reactants or products will cause the reaction to shift until a new state of equilibrium is reached with the updated Kc value. If Qc is not equal to Kc, the reaction will shift until it reaches a state of equilibrium with the updated Kc value.
In the chemical reaction:
CH4 + H₂O → CO + 3H₂
How many moles of methane (CH4) required to produce 9.03 g of hydrogen?
According to the stoichiometry of the given balanced chemical equation, 1.85 moles of methane are required to produce 9.03 g of hydrogen.
What is stoichiometry?It is the determination of proportions of elements or compounds in a chemical reaction. The related relations are based on law of conservation of mass and law of combining weights and volumes.
Stoichiometry is used in quantitative analysis for measuring concentrations of substances present in the sample.
In the given reaction, 16 g that is 1 mole methane gives 6 g that is 3 moles hydrogen ,hence for 9 g hydrogen 16×6/9=24.08 g methane is needed and it is equivalent to number of moles= 24.08/16=1.85 moles.
Thus,1.85 moles of methane are required to produce 9.03 g of hydrogen.
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Write an equation that shows the formation of a copper (ii) ion from a neutral copper atom
An equation that shows the formation of a copper (ii) ion from a neutral copper atom is Cu ⇒ Cu⁺² + 2e⁻.
What is oxidation ?Oxidation occurs when a reactant loses electrons during a reaction. Reduction occurs when a reactant accumulates electrons during a reaction. When metals react with acid, this is a common occurrence. Oxidation occurs when a reactant loses electrons during a reaction.
When an atom looses an electron to form positive ion, this process is called as an oxidation reaction.
Copper will lose 2 electron to form +2 ion. The equation for the formation of copper (II) ion from neutral copper atom follows:
Cu ⇒ Cu⁺² + 2e⁻
Thus, Cu ⇒ Cu⁺² + 2e⁻ is an equation that shows the formation of a copper (ii) ion.
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When 6.50 moles of Calcium oxide
decomposes, how many moles of oxygen
gas are produced.
2 Cal --) 2 Ca + O2
A) 6.50 moles 0₂
B) 13.0 moles 0₂
C) 3.25 moles 0₂
Answer:
A) 6.50 moles 0₂
Explanation:
In the reaction, 2 moles of Calcium oxide decomposes to produce 2 moles of Calcium and 1 mole of Oxygen gas.
So, when 6.50 moles of Calcium oxide decomposes, 6.50 x (1 mole O₂ / 2 moles Calcium oxide) = 6.50 x 0.5 = 3.25 moles of Oxygen gas will be produced.
And as 3.25 x 2 = moles O₂,
Using the equipartition theorem, determine the molar specific heat,Cv, of a gas in which each molecule has degrees of freedom γ .
Express your answer in terms of R and γ.
The molar specific heat, Cv, of a gas in which each molecule has degrees of freedom γ is [tex]C_v= (s*r)/2 J/mol*K[/tex]
The molar heat capacity of a chemical substance is the quantum of energy that must be added, in the form of heat, to one operative of the substance in order to beget an increase of one unit in its temperature.
Alternately, it's the heat capacity of a sample of the substance divided by the quantum of substance of the sample; or also the specific heat capacity of the substance times its molar mass. The SI unit of molar heat capacity is joule per kelvin per operative, JK⁻¹
The largest number of logically independent values—that is, values with the freedom to change—in the data sample is referred to as the degree of freedom. If there is a remaining requirement for the data sample, particular data sample items must be picked after the degrees of freedom quantity has been decided.
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Complete question:
Thermodynamics deals with the macroscopic properties ofmaterials. Scientists can make quantitative predictions about thesemacroscopic properties by thinking on a microscopic scale. Kinetictheory and statistical mechanics provide a way to relate molecularmodels to thermodynamics. Predicting the heat capacities of gasesat a constant volume from the number of degrees of freedom of a gasmolecule is one example of the predictive power of molecularmodels.
The molar specific heatC_vof a gas at a constant volume is thequantity of energy required to raise the temperatureTof one mole of gas by one degree while thevolume remains the same. Mathematically,
[tex]C_{\rm v}= \frac{1}{n}\,\frac{dU}{dT},[/tex]
wherenis the number of moles of gas,dUis the change in internal energy, anddTis the change in temperature.
Kinetic theory tells us that the temperature of a gas isdirectly proportional to the total kinetic energy of the moleculesin the gas. The equipartition theorem says that each degree offreedom of a molecule has an average kinetic energy equal to[tex]\frac{1}{2}k_}{\rm BT[/tex], wherek_Bis Boltzmann's constant[tex]1.38 \times 10^{-23} \rm {J/K}[/tex] . Whensummed over the entire gas, this gives[tex]\frac{1}{2}nR[/tex]T, where [tex]R=8.314\; {\rm \frac{J}{mol\cdot K}}[/tex] is the ideal gas constant, for each molecular degree offreedom.
Part A
Using the equipartition theorem, determine the molar specific heat,C_v, of a gas in which eachmolecule hassdegrees of freedom.
Express your answer in terms ofRands.
Part B
Given the molar specific heatC_vof a gas at constant volume, you candetermine the number of degrees of freedomsthat are energetically accessible.
For example, at room temperature cis-2-butene,\rm C_4 H_8, has molar specific heat [tex]C_v=70.6\;{\rm \frac{J}{mol \cdot K}[/tex]}. How many degrees of freedom of cis-2-butene areenergetically accessible?
Express your answer numerically to the nearest integer.
Type the correct answer in the box. Express your answer to three significant figures.
The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years. Dating organic material by looking for C-14 can't be accurately done after
50,000 years.
Suppose a fossilized tree branch originally contained 4.30 grams of C-14. How much C-14 would be left after 50,000 years?
Use the formula N = No (+)*
A tree branch that originally had 4.3 grams of carbon-14 will have
grams after 50,000 years.
Answer:
0.041 grams of carbon-14 remaining.
Explanation:
The half-life of carbon-14 is the time it takes for half of the original amount of carbon-14 to decay. In this case, the half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years. This means that after 5,730 years, half of the original amount of carbon-14 will remain, and half will have decayed.
In this problem, we are given that a fossilized tree branch originally contained 4.30 grams of C-14, and we are asked how much C-14 would be left after 50,000 years. To find this, we need to calculate how many half-lives have occurred over this time period, and then find the resulting amount of C-14.
We can use the formula N = N0 * (1/2)^(t/t1/2) to calculate the amount of C-14 after a given number of half-lives, where N0 is the initial amount of C-14, t is the total time elapsed, and t1/2 is the half-life of the substance.
Plugging in the given values, we get N = 4.30 g * (1/2)^(50000 years / 5730 years/half-life) = 0.041 g.
So, after 50,000 years, the tree branch will have 0.041 grams of carbon-14 remaining.
ALLEN
One of the main terms used in physics to describe the radioactive decay of a specific sample or element over a predetermined amount of time is half-life, also known as half-life period. After 50,000 years, the tree branch will have 0.041 grams of carbon-14 remaining.
What is half-life?A radioactive material's half-life is typically described as the amount of time it takes for one half of its atoms to decay or change into another substance. Ernest Rutherford made the first discovery of the theory in 1907. It is typically denoted by the letters Ug or t1/2.
Understanding half-lives is crucial because they allow you to determine if a sample of radioactive material is safe to handle. A sample is deemed safe when its radioactivity is below detection thresholds. Ten half-lives later, something occurs.
We can use the formula N = N0 * (1/2)^(t/t1/2)
N = 4.30 g * (1/2)^(50000 years / 5730 years/half-life) = 0.041 g.
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The enthalpy for the formation of 1 mole of NH3(aq) is -80.29 kJ/mol . What is the enthalpy for the formation of 3 moles of NH3(aq) ?
a) −518×103 kJ
b) -240.87 kJ
c) -26.76 kJ
d ) -83.29 kJ
Solving the Question
We're given that the enthalpy of formation of 1 mol of NH3 (aq) is -80.29 kJ/mol. This is the amount of energy it takes to form 1 mol of NH3 (aq).
To determine the enthalpy required to form 3 mol of NH3 (aq), multiply -80.29 by 3:
[tex]-80.29*3\\= -240.97[/tex]
Answerb) -240.97 kJ
946.36 water * 1 mol water/ 236.59 g water * 4 mol lemonade/ 2 mol water * 225.285 g lemonade/1 mole lemonade = ? g lemonade.
According to the recipe, to make 4 moles of lemonade, you use 2 moles of water, one mole of sugar and one mole of lemon juice, expressed in grams:
2 water + sugar + lemon juice = 4 lemonade
2*(236.59) + 225g + 257.83g = 4*(719.42)g
473.18g + 225g + 257.83g = 2877.68g
So for every 2877.68g of lemonade made, they use 473.18g of water, 225g of sugar, and 257.83g of lemon juice.
You know that they made a batch of 2050.25g, so to detect the limiting reactant, first, you have to calculate, in theory, how much of each ingredient you need to make the given amount of lemonade:
Use cross multiplication
Water:
2877.68g lemonade → 473.18g water
2050.25g lemonade → X= (2050.25*473.18)/2877.68= 337.12g water
Following the recipe, to elaborate 2050.25g of lemonade, you need to use 337.12g of water.
Sugar:
2877.68g lemonade → 225g sugar
2050.25g lemonade → X= (2050.25*225)/2877.68= 160.30g sugar.
To elaborate 2050.25f of lemonade you need to use 160.30g of sugar.
Lemon juice:
2877.68g lemonade → 257.83g lemon juice
2050.25g lemonade → X= (2050.25*257.83)/2877.68= 183.69g lemon juice.
To elaborate 2050.25f of lemonade you need to use 183.69g lemon juice.
Available ingredients vs. theoretical yields for 2050.25g of lemonade:
Water 946.36 g → 337.12g
Sugar 196.86 g → 160.30g
Lemon Juice 193.37 g → 183.69g
The lemon juice will be the first ingredient to be used up, there will be a surplus of water and sugar.
What is lemonade?
In Egypt around the 13th and 14th centuries, people drank a concoction of lemon juice, dates, and honey called qatarmizat.Lemonade was sold to Parisians in cups by vendors who carried tanks of the soft drink on their backs.To know more about lemonade, click the link given below:
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3 Cu + 8HNO3 --> 3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2 NO + 4 H2O
In the above equation how many moles of water can be made when 41 moles of HNO3 are consumed?
Answer:
5.125 moles of water
Explanation:
Given the reaction:
Cu + 8HNO3 --> 3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2 NO + 4 H2O
When 41 moles of HNO3 are consumed, we can calculate the number of moles of water produced using the stoichiometric coefficients in the balanced chemical equation.
According to the coefficients, 1 mole of Cu reacts with 8 moles of HNO3 to produce 4 moles of H2O. Therefore, when 41 moles of HNO3 are consumed, we can calculate the number of moles of water produced as follows:
41 moles HNO3 / 8 moles HNO3 per mole H2O = 5.125 moles H2O
So, 5.125 moles of water can be made when 41 moles of HNO3 are consumed.
Some confusion is introduced by the fact that physicists might focus on an individual molecule whereas a chemist might focus on a mole of them (1 mole = 6.023 x 10^{23} molecules or atoms).
If a particular molecule had a bond dissociation energy of 1 eV, how much energy would be needed (in kJ) to break all the bonds in one mole of molecules (not yet considering any interactions with the environment)?
To break all the bonds in one mole of molecules with a bond dissociation energy of 1 eV, we would require around 5.80 x [tex]10^{26}[/tex] kJ of energy.
The bond dissociation energy of 1 eV is roughly 96.485 kJ/mol. To break all the bonds in one mole of molecules (6.023 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] molecules), we would need to multiply the bond dissociation energy by Avogadro's number:
96.485 kJ/mol x 6.023 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] molecules/mol = 5.80 x [tex]10^{26}[/tex] kJ/mol
Bond dissociation energy is the amount of energy necessary to break a chemical connection between two atoms. It is also known as bond energy or bond enthalpy. This energy is measured in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) and is released when the bond forms. The energies of bond dissociation can vary greatly depending on the type of bond being broken.
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1. There are 3 main types of chemical formulas: empirical, molecular and structural.
Structural formulas identify the location of chemical bonds between the atoms of a
molecule. Consider the following molecular structure below:
(a) Redraw the structure in the form of expanded and condensed structures.
(b) Classify the carbons labelled a and b as primary, secondary or tertiary.
[4 marks]
(a) Expanded structure:
CH3–CH2–CH–CH3
Condensed structure:
CH3CH2CHCH3
(b) Carbon a is a primary carbon and Carbon b is a secondary carbon.
What are chemical formulas?Generally, Chemical formulas are symbols used to represent elements and molecules.
They usually consist of the symbols for the elements in the molecule, with subscripts indicating the number of each atom.
For example, the chemical formula for water is H2O, indicating two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
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2.How might the structure of molecules help scientists determine how they interact with other molecules?
According to the molecular geometry, with the help of structure of molecules which provide information on site of attachment with other molecules, one can determine their mode of reaction.
What is molecular geometry?Molecular geometry can be defined as a three -dimensional arrangement of atoms which constitute the molecule.It includes parameters like bond length,bond angle and torsional angles.
It influences many properties of molecules like reactivity,polarity color,magnetism .The molecular geometry can be determined by various spectroscopic methods and diffraction methods , some of which are infrared,microwave and Raman spectroscopy.
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Answer: The shape of a molecule helps to determine its properties, which affect how a molecule interacts with other molecules, such as polarity and bonding.
An aqueous solution contains 5.0 % NaCl by mass.
Part A
Calculate the molality of the solution.
Part B
Calculate the mole fraction of the solution.
Molality of an aqueous solution of 5.0% NaCl will be 0.842 m. Mole fraction of NaCl is 0.014 and mole fraction of water is 0.98.
How do you calculate the molality of 5.0% NaCl solution?To calculate molality, we first calculate the mass of NaCl in the solution which is, 100 x 5/100% = 5g.
We then calculate the moles of NaCl in the solution,
5/58.45 = 0.08 (Molar mass of NaCl = 58.45)
Mass of water in the solution = 100g - 5g = 95g x 1/1000 = 0.095
Therefore, molality can now be calculated as,
Molality = 0.08/0.095 = 0.842 m.
How do you calculate the mole fraction of the solution?To calculate the mole fraction of the solution, we first calculate the moles of water in the solution,
Moles of water = 95/18 = 5.27 mol of water (Since molar mass of water = 18)
Now, mole fraction of NaCl = 0.08/5.27 + 0.08 = 0.014
Mole fraction of water = 5.27/5.27 + 0.08 = 0.098
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Balance this equation
C₂H₁6 + 02 -> CO ₂ (g) + H₂O(g)
The balanced form of the chemical equation given above is as follows: C₂H₁₆ + 60₂ -> 6CO₂ (g) + 6H₂O(g).
What is a balanced chemical equation?A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction where reactants are represented on the left, and products on the right.
A chemical equation is said to be balanced when the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation is the same.
According to this question, the equation for photosynthesis is given. The balanced form is as follows:
C₂H₁₆ + 60₂ -> 6CO₂ (g) + 6H₂O(g)
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how many molecules are represented 11.5 g of C2H5OH
According to the question the molar mass of C2H5OH is 46.07 g/mol.
What is molar mass?Molar mass is the mass of a given substance (expressed in grams) divided by the amount of substance (expressed in moles). It is also known as the molecular weight of a substance, and is the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule. Molar mass is used to calculate the mass of a compound in a given volume, and is commonly used in the fields of chemistry, physics, and biology to identify, quantify, and measure substances. It is also used to determine the density of a given substance, and is an important part of formulas used to calculate the concentration of a particular substance in solution.
To calculate the number of molecules, we must divide the given mass of 11.5 g by the molar mass of C2H5OH. This gives us a result of 250.03 molecules of C2H5OH.
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Which of the following gives the correct numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a neutral atom of Sn?
a. 118 protons, 50 neutrons, 118 electrons
b. 118 protons, 118 neutrons, 50 electrons
c. 50 protons, 68 neutrons, 50 electrons
d. 68 protons, 68 neutrons, 50 electrons
e. 50 protons, 50 neutrons, 50 electrons
The correct number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a neutral atom of Sn is 50 protons, 68 neutrons, 50 electrons.
Neutral atom of Sn
Atomic number of Sn is 50 .
As we know
Atomic number = no. of protons = no. of electrons
then ,
Number of protons = 50
Number of electrons = 50
Now , atomic mass = no. of protons + no. of neutrons
Atomic mass of Sn is 118 u
Therefore , 118 = 50 + number of neutrons
Number of neutrons = 118 -50
Number of neutrons = 68
Hence, in a neutral atom of Sn , there are 50 protons , 68 neutrons , 50 electrons. option (c) is correct .
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If dinitrogen pentoxide decomposes as follows: 2 N₂O5(g) → 4NO2(g) + O2(g) If the reaction rate is expressed as: rate = k [N₂0513, then the overall reaction order is: (Enter your answer as a number. (i.e. as "5" not "five"))
The order of reaction can be known from the rate equation.
What is the overall order of reaction?
The question is incomplete but I will try to explain the concept of order of reaction to you.
We have to note that when we talk about the order of the reaction what we mean is the order that we can be able to obtain from the stoichiometry of the reaction.
We do not only look at the reaction equation as we try to obtain the order of reaction but we rely so heavily on the empirical data that we can get from the reaction for the order of reaction in each specie.
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2 NaClO3 → 2 NaCl + 3 O2
Calculate the mass of O2 produced as the result of the decomposition of 843 g of NaClO3.
Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, 380.12 grams of O₂ are produced as the result of the decomposition of 843 g of NaClO₃.
Reaction stoichiometryIn first place, the balanced reaction iS:
2 NaClO₃ → 2 NaCl + 3 O₂
By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
NaClO₃: 2 molesNaCl: 2 molesO₂: 3 molesThe molar mass of the compounds is:
NaClO₃: 106.45 g/moleNaCl: 58.45 g/moleO₂: 32 g/moleBy reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:
NaClO₃: 2 moles ×106.45 g/mole= 212.9 gramsNaCl: 2 moles ×58.45 g/mole= 116.9 gramsO₂: 3 moles ×32 g/mole= 96 gramsMass of O₂ formedThe following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 212.9 grams of NaClO₃ form 96 grams of O₂, 843 grams of NaClO₃ form how much mass of O₂?
mass of O₂= (843 grams of NaClO₃× 96 grams of O₂) ÷212.9 grams of NaClO₃
mass of O₂= 380.12 grams
Finally, 380.12 grams of O₂ are formed.
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Mrs Blocks students are studying chemical reactions.a classic reaction occurs when a metal is added to hydrochloric acid Miguel and Kai added 30g of hydrochloric acid to 30g of magnesium in a large test tube bubbles
The boys could cover the end of the test tube with a balloon to capture the escaping gas. Therefore, the correct option is option C.
What is chemical reactions?A chemical reaction is the chemical change from one set of chemical components into another. Chemical reactions are changes that solely affect the locations of electrons inside the formation as well as breakdown of chemical bonds that link atoms, and without any modification to the nuclei, and therefore are frequently represented using a chemical equation.
Nuclear chemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies the chemical interactions of unstable especially radioactive materials, which can result in both electronic plus nuclear alterations. The boys could cover the end of the test tube with a balloon to capture the escaping gas.
Therefore, the correct option is option C.
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