How to understand significant digits I know that leading zeros aren’t significant, but can someone explain more about significant digits i’m trying to understand it

The radius of pd atom will be 137.158 pm

Density of unit cell is given as 12.0 g/cm3

Molar Mass is 106.4 g/mol

We know that

The radius will be calculated by density formula since Pd crystallises in FCC structure , the number of cell per unit cell is 4 and the molar mass is given as 106.4g/mol so the  edge length will be calculated as follows

Density= Z× M/ Na × a3

where,

Z= No of atoms per unt cell

M= Molar mass

Na=  Avogadro's number

a= edge length

12.0= 4× 106.4/ 6.023× 10²³ × a3

a³= 425.6/ 6.023× 10²³ × 12

a³= 5.88×10-²³

a= 3.88× 10^-8

r= √2a/4

r= √2 × 388pm/4

r=137.158pm

r=0.137 nm

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The pd atom will have a radius of 137.158 pm. It is provided that Pd crystallizes in an FCC structure, the radius will be computed using the density formula, there are 4 cells per unit cell, and the molar mass is given as 106.4g/mol, the edge length will be determined as follows:

The unit cell's density is 12.0 g/cm3.

106.4 g/mol is the molar mass.

We know that ,

density = ZM/ Na× a³

where,

Z=Atoms in each unit cell

Molar mass

Avogadro's number is Na.

a = edge length

12.0= 4× 106.4/ 6.023× 10²³ × a³

a³= 425.6/ 6.023× 10²³ × 12

a³= 5.88×10⁻²³

a= 3.88× 10⁻⁸

r= √2a/4

r= √2 × 388pm/4

r=137.158pm

r=0.137 nm

So, the radius of the pd atom will be 0.137nm

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In the preparatory phase of glycolysis, two molecules of ATP are invested and the hexose chain is cleaved into two triose phosphates. During this, the phosphorylation of glucose and its conversion to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate take place.  During this phase, the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to pyruvate and the coupled formation of ATP take place. Because Glucose is split to yield two molecules of D-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, each step in the payoff phase occurs twice per molecule of glucose.

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase Simultaneous oxidation and phosphorylation of G3P produce 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) and nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NADH).

The divalent cation also affected the response of the enzyme from the endosperm and shoots to adenine nucleotides and inorganic pyrophosphate.

This phase is also called the glucose activation phase. In the preparatory phase of glycolysis, two molecules of ATP are invested and the hexose chain is cleaved into two triose phosphates. During this, the phosphorylation of glucose and its conversion to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate take place. Steps 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 together are called the preparatory phase.

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Explanation:

C) increase body's awareness of the stress response

The function of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is to:

d) Change the body's response to stress.

The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is a three-stage model that describes how the body responds to stress. The first stage is the alarm reaction, which is when the body releases hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline in response to a perceived threat. The second stage is the resistance stage, which is when the body tries to adapt to the stressor. The third stage is the exhaustion stage, which is when the body's resources are depleted and it can no longer cope with the stressor.

The function of GAS is to change the body's response to stress so that it can better cope with future stressors. This is done by increasing the production of stress hormones, such as cortisol, and by increasing the body's ability to use glucose for energy.

So the answer is (d) Change the body's response to stress.

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A radioactive element has a half life of 10 days then there are  7 days would it take for 1000 grams of it to decay to 125 grams .

Calculation ,

radioactive element has a half life = 10 days ( given )

Kt = 0.069

K = 0.069 / t

K = 0.069 /  10 days = 0.0069

Kt = ㏑a/a-x

where ,

a = concentration of radioactive element at time 0  = 1000 grams

a-x = concentration of radioactive element at time t = 125 grams

Putting the value of a , a- x and K in equation ( i ) we get ,

0.0069 × t = ㏑1000 grams/125 grams = ㏑8 = 2.07

t= 2.07 / 0.0069 = 7 .05 days or 7 days

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The Balanced equation is:

[tex]C_3H_8 (g) + 5O_2 (g) \rightarrow 3CO_2 (g) + 4H_2O (g)[/tex]

A balanced equation of a chemical reaction is said to be so if both the products and the reactants have the same number of atoms and total charge for each component of the reaction. In other words, either side of the chemical reaction have an equal balance of mass and charge.

The inclusion of stoichiometric coefficients to the products and reactants is necessary to have balanced equations. This is significant because an equation must adhere to the laws of conservation of mass as well as constant proportions, meaning that both the reactant and product sides of the equation must include the same quantity of atoms of each element.

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Answer:

System:

Integumentary System

Major structures:

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, associated glands, hair, and nails.

Functions:body temperature regulation, cell fluid maintenance, synthesis of Vitamin D, and detection of stimuli.

Assciated diseases:

Acne. What is acne? ...

Alopecia Areata. What is alopecia areata? ...

Atopic Dermatitis. What is atopic dermatitis? ...

Epidermolysis Bullosa. What is epidermolysis bullosa? ...

Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) ...

Ichthyosis. ...

Pachyonychia Congenita. ...

Pemphigus.

System:

Muscular system:

Major structures:

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle.

Functions:

Muscles, attached to bones or internal organs and blood vessels, are responsible for movement

Asscoiated dieseases:

Musculoskeletal Disorders. Muscle Strain. Tendinitis. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Neuromuscular Disorders. Muscular Dystrophy. Myasthenia Gravis. Parkinson's Disease. Feature: Human Biology in the News.

System: Skeletal

Major structures:

hydrostatic skeleton, exoskeleton, and endoskeleton.

functions:

It gives the body its shape, allows movement, makes blood cells, provides protection for organs and stores minerals.

Associated diseases:

Osteoporosis. This common disease occurs when bones become weak due to changes in bone mineral density and mass, causing a higher risk for fractures. ...

Fracture. ...

Scoliosis. ...

Paget's disease. ...

Osteoarthritis. ...

Rheumatoid arthritis. ...

Gout. ...

Bursitis.

System:

Nervous System

Major structures:

he central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and extend to all parts of the body.

Functions:

transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body, including internal organs.

Associated diseases:

Infections, such as meningitis, encephalitis, polio, and epidural abscess

System:

Endocrine system

Major structures:

hypothalamus.

pituitary.

thyroid.

parathyroids.

adrenals.

pineal body.

the ovaries.

the testes.

Functions:

Makes hormones that control your moods, growth and development, metabolism, organs, and reproduction.

Associated diseases:

Acromegaly.

Adrenal Insufficiency & Addison's Disease.

Cushing's Syndrome.

Cystic Fibrosis link.

Graves' Disease.

Hashimoto's Disease.

System:

Circulatroy system

major structures:

the heart (cardiovascular), lungs (pulmonary), and arteries, veins, coronary and portal vessels (systemic

Functions:

carries oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells, and removes waste products, like carbon dioxide.

Associated diseases:

Aneurysms. Aneurysms are weak spots in the walls of your arteries that can expand like a balloon. ...

Arrhythmias. ...

Blood pressure conditions. ...

Cardiomyopathy. ...

Congenital heart disease. ...

Heart failure. ...

Heart valve disease. ...

High cholesterol.

THERE FINALLY HOPE THIS HELPS :)))

Explanation:

The mass number of metal M is 57.

Molecular formula of a compound is MCl₃, because chlorine has oxidation number -1 and metal +3.

Chlorine atom has atomic number 17 (17 protons and 17 electrons). When it gains one electron, it becomes chlorine anion Cl⁻ (negative charge), with 17 protons (positive electric charge of +1e elementary charge) and 18 electrons (negative one elementary charge).

Electron configuration of chlorine atom: ₁₇Cl 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵.

As a cation, metal has 23 electrons, and as an atom three electrons more 26. It has 26 protons.

The mass number (A) is sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in atom.

N(n°) = 31; number of neutrons in metal atom

N(p⁺) = 26; number of protons in metal atom.

A = N(n°) + N(p⁺)

A = 31 + 26

A = 57; the mass number of metal

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The reaction rate increases with increase in Temperature.

The average velocity of the particles increases as the temperature rises. These particles' average kinetic energy is likewise raised. As a result, because the particles move faster and encounter more reactant particles, they will collide more frequently. However, this is only a small portion of the rationale for the rate hike. Just because particles collide more frequently is not guarantee that the reaction will occur.

The main impact of increasing the temperature is that more of the particles that collide will have the necessary energy to collide effectively. In other words, more particles will have the activation energy required.

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The temporal lobe contains the area of the cortex involved in auditory processing called the primary auditory cortex.

what is the auditory cortex?

The part of the temporal lobe that processes auditory information in humans and many other mammals is called the auditory cortex. It is a component of the auditory system and performs both fundamental and advanced hearing processes, including those that may be related to language switching. In humans, it curves down and onto the medial surface, on the superior temporal plane, within the lateral sulcus, and includes portions of the transverse and superior temporal gyri, including the planum polare and planum temporale. It is situated bilaterally, roughly at the upper sides of the temporal lobes (roughly Brodmann areas 41 and 42, and partially 22).

The primary auditory cortex, a region of the cortex involved in auditory processing, is located in the temporal lobe.

Thus, the correct answer is d. temporal; auditory.

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The kinetic energy of each neutron will be 1.953 × 10⁻¹⁹ Joules.

The formula of kinetic energy can be given as :

kinetic energy = 1/2 mv²

The formula of momentum is given as :
p = mv.....eq.1

So, combining both formulas, we can write :

K.E. =  m²v²/2m  = p²/2m..... eq.2

According to de Broglie, we know that,

λ = h/mv  ( p=mv ),        (λ = wavelength)

so, p = h/λ..... eq.3

In continuity with the eq...2

K.E. = p²/2m    = (h/λ)²/2m   = h²/2λ²m

h = 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ Joule.seconds

mc² = 939565413 ev (given)

m × (3 × 10⁸)² = 939565413 × 1.60218 × 10⁻¹⁹

                m  = 1.673 × 10⁻²⁷kg

Again,

Kinetic energy =  h²/2λ²m

                         = 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴/ 2 × (2.592 ×  10⁻¹¹)² × (1.673 × 10⁻²⁷)....eq.4

After solving the above equation 4, we get :

K.E. = 1.953 × 10⁻¹⁹ Joules.

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Atoms of sulfur two elements have a combined total of 16 proton.

A chemical element is sulfur. Each sulfur atom has 16 protons in its nucleus, as indicated by its atomic number of 16 and official symbol, S. The number of protons, positively charged nuclear particles, is represented by the atomic number Z. But Z determines an element's identity. If Z=1, the element is hydrogen; if Z=2, the element is helium; and if Z=16, the element is neon.

In addition to being a fungicide and an ingredient in black gunpowder, sulfur is used to vulcanize black rubber. However, the majority of sulfur is utilized in the creation of sulfuric acid, which is arguably the most significant chemical produced by western civilisations.

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Answer:

Ionic compounds dissolve in water because the water molecules hydrate the ions.

Explanation:

To dissolve an ionic compound, the water molecules must be able to stabilize the ions that result from breaking the ionic bond.

They do this by hydrating the ions.

Water is a polar molecule. It has a permanent dipole.

The

O

atom has a partial negative charge, and the

H

atoms have a partial positive charge.

When an ionic compound is added to water, the anion is attracted to partially positive hydrogen atom of water and cation is attracted to partially negative oxygen atom of water.

Ionic compound or electrovalent compound is a type of compound  which is formed between the  two elements when there is an exchange of electrons which takes place between  the atoms resulting in the formation of ions.

When the atom looses an electron it develops a positive charge and forms an ion called the cation while the other atom gains the electron and develops a negative charge  and forms an ion called the anion.

As the two atoms are oppositely charged they attract each other which results in the formation of a bond called the ionic bond.

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22.3 g of NaN₃ are required to fully inflate an airbag of 11.6 L at STP.

To find the mass, the given data was,

Volume = 11.6 Liters

A decomposition reaction can be defined as a chemical reaction in which one reactant breaks down into two or more products.

In airbags, sodium azide decomposes to form sodium and nitrogen gas, which inflates the bag. The decomposition reaction is:

2 NaN₃ ⇒ 2 Na + 3 N₂

We can calculate the mass of NaN₃ needed to produce 11.6 L of N₂ at STP, using the following relations.

Substituting all the known values to find the volume,

11.6 × ( 1 / 22.4) × ( 2/3) × ( 65.01 / 1)

= 22.4 g.

22.4 g of NaN₃ are required to fully inflate an airbag of 11.6 L at STP.

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The number 6 that he put in from of the  [tex]O_{2}[/tex] , [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] , and [tex]H_{2} O[/tex] is called a coefficient .

So , second option is correct one .

In chemistry, coefficient is a number used in chemical equations, simply as a prefix of chemical formula to define the number of molecules reacting and creating in a reaction. This is similar to how in mathematics, coefficient is the number used in front of a variable.

When dealing with concentration terms in a chemical equation, coefficients are crucial to the equation's stability. In order to ensure that the law of conservation of mass is being obeyed, we add coefficients to the equation to make it balanced.

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Answer:

:)

Explanation:

The nucleus in biology is usually referring to that of

living cells found in organisms in which contains DNA whereas the nucleus in chemistry is usually referring to that of atoms in which contains subatomic particles such as the proton and neutron.

Answer: 9.321 kg

Explanation:

1,000 g=1 kg

9,321 g * 1 kg/1,000 g=

9,321 * 1/1,000=

9,321/1,000=9.321 kg

Answer: Oxygen or Nitrogen

Explanation:

We know the most about these elements because both of these elements are some of the most abundant on Earth.

The correct significant figures are;

a. (7.31 × 10⁴) + (3.23 × 10³) = 7.633 x 10⁴

b. (8.54 x 10⁻³) - (3.41 x 10⁻⁴) = 8.199 x 10⁻³

c. 4.35 dm x 2.34 dm x 7.35 dm = 74.81565 dm³

d. 4.78 cm + 3.218 cm + 5.82 cm = 13.818 cm

e. 38,736 km + 4784 km = 43,520 km

Significant figures are used to establish the number which is presented in the form of digits.

Solution of the given problems in correct significant figures;

a. (7.31 × 10⁴) + (3.23 × 10³) = 76,330 = 7.633 x 10⁴

b. (8.54 x 10⁻³) - (3.41 x 10⁻⁴) = 8.199 x 10⁻³

c. 4.35 dm x 2.34 dm x 7.35 dm = 74.81565 dm³

d. 4.78 cm + 3.218 cm + 5.82 cm = 13.818 cm

e. 38,736 km + 4784 km = 43,520 km

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The heat absorbed by a 17.0g sample of water to raise its temperature from 25°C to 53.5°C is 2034.

The heat absorbed by the water is :

Q = mCΔT

here : Q = amount of heat absorbed ( in joules)

         m = mass of the given sample ( in grams)

         C = specific heat capacity of the given sample

          [ for water, specific heat capacity is 4.2 [tex]\frac{J}{gC}[/tex]

         ΔT = change in temperature ( final temperature - initial temperature)

calculation:

Q = 17 × 4.2 × ( 53.5 - 25.0 )

Q = 2034.9J

result :

The heat absorbed by the sample is 2034.9 J

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The sodium borohydride is a limiting agent. 1 mole of sodium borohydride contains 4 mole of hydride.  

A limiting agent is define as the reactant that get consumed first in a chemical reaction and therefore limits how much product can be formed.

2NaH + B2H6 -> 2NaBH4

According to the reaction 2 mole of NaH will give 2 mole of NaBH4. NaH is a limiting agent.

The borohydride will reduce to aldehyde or ketone involves the addition of two hydrogen atom.

RCHO -> RCH2OH in presence of BH4- and H+

We can write major steps as:

4RCHO + BH4- -> (RCH2O)4B-

This is one mole of BH4- and four mole of H+

Thus, the sodium borohydride is a limiting agent. 1 mole of sodium borohydride contains 4 mole of hydride.  

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Centrifugal force (centripetal acceleration) is used with a centrifuge to rapidly separate the precipitate from the liquid.

What is a centrifuge?

According to particle size and density, medium viscosity, and rotor speed, particles suspended in a liquid are separated using a centrifuge. Gravitational forces within a solution cause particles with densities greater than the solvent to sink and those with densities less than the solvent to float to the top.

Using the centrifugal force to separate particles found in a solution, centrifugation is a mechanical technique for separation. Depending on the size, shape, density, and rotor speed of the particles, different groups are created.

Thus, A centrifuge is used to quickly separate the precipitate from the liquid using centrifugal force (centripetal acceleration).

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Answer:

C

Explanation:

Solutions are mixtures that are homogeneous while suspensions are mixtures that are heterogeneous.

The mass of neon in the balloon is 5.045 grams.

m(He) = 1.0 g; mass of balloon with helium

M(He) = 4.0 g/mol; molar mass of helium

M(Ne) = 20.18 g/mol; molar mass of neon

m(Ne) = ?; mass of balloon with neon

If the balloons have the same volume, mass of the balloons depand on molar mass of gases.

m(He) / m(Ne) = M(He) / M(Ne)

1.0 g / m(Ne) = 4.0 g/mol / 20.18 g/mol

m(Ne) = 20.18 g / 4.0

m(Ne) = 5.045 g; mass of balloon with neon

Mass is a fundamental measure of the amount of matter in the object.

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The mass of ammonia is 68.74 grams.

Balanced chemical equation for reaction of ammonia and oxygen:

4NH₃ + 7O₂ → 4NO₂ + 6H₂O

m(NO₂) = 125 g; the mass of nitrogen(IV) oxide

n(NO₂) = m(NO₂) ÷ M(NO₂)

n(NO₂) = 125 g ÷ 46 g/mol

n(NO₂) = 2.72 mol; amount of nitrogen(IV) oxide

From the chemical equation: n(NO₂) : n(NH₃) = 1 : 1

n(NH₃) = 2.72 mol

the percentage yield = 67.2% ÷ 100%

the percentage yield = 0.672

m(NH₃) = n(NH₃) × M(NH₃) ÷ the percentage yield

m(NH₃) = 2.72 mol × 17 g/mol ÷ 0.672

m(NH₃) = 68.74 g; mass of ammonia

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One reason that explains the need for the isomerization step in the citric acid cycle is that citrate is a tertiary alcohol, which cannot be oxidized.

Citric acid cycle is the main source of energy for a living organism.

Citrate is isomerized to isocitrate by dehydration and rehydration. The enzyme aconitase catalyzes this step (see picture below).

Tertiary carbon (3°) withy hydroxyl group (-OH) is attached to three other carbons.

Tertiary carbon cannot be oxidized, while secondary carbon in isocitrate can. Isocitrate is secondary alcohol.

Secondary carbon (2°) is attached to two other carbons.

Primary carbon (1°) is attached to only one carbon.

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As stated in the preceding statement 20 mm microwaves operate at a frequency of 15 GHz.

There are several ways to quantify frequency, including Counting: The number of times a recurring event occurs within a given time period is counted, and the number is then divided by the duration of the time period to determine the frequency of the occurrence.

λ= 20 mm = 20×10⁻³ m

v=3 x 10⁸ m /s (In a vacuum, all electromagnetic waves move at the speed of light, which is 3 x 10⁸ m /s.)

3 x 10⁸ m /s= f × 20×10⁻³ m

3 x 10⁸ m /s÷20×10⁻³ m= f

1.5×10¹⁰ Hz= 15×10⁹ Hz= 15 GHz

20 mm microwaves have a 15 GHz frequency.

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The correct order of orbital filling according to Aufbau principle is

(a) 4s 4p 4d

According to the Aufbau principle, electrons must occupy all of an atom's accessible orbitals, working their way up from the lowest energy level to the highest, to ensure that both the electrons and the atom have the least amount of energy possible and are stable.

As a result, electrons begin to occupy orbits in increasing order of "n" value, starting with the first orbit (n = 1).

If any orbital's primary quantum number is "n,"

n2 is the number of orbitals, and 2n2 is the number of electrons in any n-shell.

The orbital's's' sub-orbital count is 1′. P is three, while D is five.

There can be a total of two electrons in each orbital 0f an atom

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The correct order to fill the orbitals according to the  Aufbau's principle is:

(a) 4s 4p 4d

According to the Aufbau principle, electrons occupy all accessible orbitals of an atom, rising from the lowest energy level to the highest energy level so that both the electron and the atom are at the lowest possible energy and are stable you need to make sure that

As a result, electrons start occupying orbitals in order of increasing "n" value, starting with the first orbital (n=1).

If the first quantum number of the orbital is "n",

n2 is the number of orbitals and 2n2 is the number of electrons in each n shell.

The number of  s orbitals in the orbital is 1'. P is 3 and D is 5. There can be a total of two electrons in each orbital of an atom.

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The mass of oxygen required to react with calcium to produce 44.8 g of calcium oxide is 12.79 grams.

The reaction between Calcium and Oxygen produces calcium oxide which is represented as

2Ca + O2 = 2CaO

According to the above reaction

1 mole of O2 produces 2 moles of CaO

Or 112 grams of CaO is produced by 32 grams of O2

1 gram of CaO is produced by 32/112 grams of O2

Hence 44.8 g of CaO is produced by 32/112 x 44.8 = 12.79 grams of O2

Therefore, the mass of oxygen required to react with calcium to produce 44.8 g of calcium oxide is 12.79 grams.

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A gaseous mixture of O₂ and N₂ that contains 38.8% nitrogen by mass, with the total pressure of 465 mmHg, has a partial pressure of oxygen of 270 mmHg.

The total pressure of an ideal gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.

total pressure = 465 mmHg

m(N₂) = 38.8 g; mass of the nitrogen

n(N₂) = m(N₂) ÷ M(N₂)

n(N₂) = 38.8 g ÷ 28 g/mol

n(N₂) = 1.385 mol; amount og nitrogen gas

m(O₂) = 61.2 g; mass of oxygen gas

n(O₂) = m(O₂) ÷ M(O₂)

n(O₂) = 61.2 g ÷ 32 g/mol.

n(O₂) = 1.9125 mol; amount of oxygen gas

Using Dalton's law:

p(O₂) = (1.912 mol / 1.912 mol + 1.385 mol) × 465 mmHg

p(O₂) = 270 mmHg; pressure of the oxygen gas

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moles of solid ice is = mass/ molar mass

M= 25.3/18

M = 1.405

no of molecules is = moles ×6.022×[tex]10^{23}[/tex]

= 1.405 × 6.022×[tex]10^{23}[/tex]

= 8.464×[tex]10^{23}[/tex] molecules.

The term "molecule" refers to a collection of two or more atoms bound together by the attractive forces known as chemical bonds . Molecular is frequently used to refer to polyatomic ions in quantum physics, organic chemistry, and biochemistry, where the distinction from ions is eliminated.

In general, molecules are not thought of as being made up of a single molecule when atoms and complexes are joined by non-covalent interactions like hydrogen bonds or ionic bonds.

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