Answers
Principle of crosscutting relationships - 1.
Law of Superposition - 2.
Unconformities - 4.
Principle of Original Horizontality - 3.
Related Questions
Which explanation most likely accounts for the increase in the number of male butterflies in the five years after the initial parasite problem?; What happened to the population of Blue Moon butterflies over several generations?; What was the major evolutionary change in the Blue Moon butterfly?; How did the Blue Moon butterfly adapt?
Answers
Male butterflies in the population that endured possessed a gene that rendered them immune to the parasite, and they passed this trait on to their progeny.
The increase in the number of people or species within a population is known as population growth. A population is the total number of living things that are present in a given environment.The situation indicates a large rise in the proportion of men in the population. Because the male butterflies in the population who lived earlier possessed a gene that made them resistant to the parasite, they carried the gene to their progeny, which led to the increase in the number or population expansion of males.One theory for why there are more male butterflies in the population is that the male butterflies that survived had a gene that made them resistant to the parasite, and they passed the gene on to their progeny.To know more about butterflies check the below link:
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What Is the Primacy Effect?
Answers
The primacy effect is the tendency to remember the first piece of information we encounter better than information presented later on.
The primacy effect can occur in a variety of ways. For example, when an individual tries to remember something from a long list of words, they will remember words listed at the beginning, instead of the middle. The primacy effect aids an individual in recalling information they first see better than information presented later.
To cater to this cognitive bias, companies often use television, radio, internet, and print advertising to present us with the first impression of their product or service, even before it is available. Additionally, this technique is used in news stories about upcoming phone releases or movie previews. There is often an incentive to make sure the first news you hear about a product is positive.
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identify whether cd4 t cells, cd8 t cells, and/or b cells are responsible for autoimmune disease.
Answers
All the CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells are responsible for autoimmune diseases.
Autoimmune disorders are the diseases wherein the body's defense system attacks its own normal cells due to the inability to distinguish between the natural cells and foreign particles that enter inside the body. In general, all persistent autoimmunity is due to the breach in T helper cells tolerance because these cells aid in CD8 (MHC Class I) activation and antibody/B cell activation. Myasthenia gravis, Addison disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis are some examples of autoimmune diseases. CD8+ T cells play a regulatory role in autoimmune disease. CD4+ T cells are the memory cells which play a pivotal role in defending the body against pathogens.
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a group of immunologists are developing a human monoclonal antibody for the treatment of b-cell lymphoma. a requirement is that the antibody facilitate destruction of tumor cells by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (adcc). for which of the following reasons are they not interested in igg2 antibodies?
Answers
The reasons are they not interested in igG2 antibodies is because IgG2 does not bind efficiently to FcyRIIIA
What are antibodies?
The body defends itself against foreign toxins via proteins referred to as antibodies. a protein that plasma cells, a kind of white blood cell, generate in response to an antigen (a substance that causes the body to make a specific immune response). All that a single antibody can bind to is one specific antigen.
Because of their extremely poor binding to FcRIIIa, IgG2 allotypes do not stimulate NK cell-mediated ADCC activity. Since these subclasses bind with reduced affinity, IgG2 antibodies are favored when Fc-mediated effector actions are not required or desired.
Therefore the reasons are they not interested in igG2 antibodies is because IgG2 does not bind efficiently to FcyRIIIA
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Why do nerve cells not undergo mitosis?; Does nerve cell undergo mitosis?; Which cells in the human body rarely undergo cell division?; Do neurons in adults do not undergo mitosis?
Answers
Because neurons—also known as nerve cells—are highly specialized in their function, they do not undergo cell division. This is similar to cardiac muscle cells.
Are nerves capable of mitosis?Neurons. By transmitting nerve impulses, neurons, also known as nerve cells, perform the duties of the nervous system. They are really skilled and amitic. Because neurons can not undergo mitosis, once a neuron is destroyed, it cannot be replaced.
Why do nerve cells undergo mitosis?The creation, reproduction, and eventual demise of a biological cell are all represented by the neuronal cell cycle. Mitosis is the name given to the process by which cells divide into two daughter cells. Once created, these cells move into the G1 phase, where many of the proteins required for DNA replication are produced.
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ap biology adapted from l. miriello by s. sharp compare and contrast asexual and sexual reproduction
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Offspring produced by asexual reproduction are genetically identical to either of their parents.
Two parents contribute genetic material during sexual reproduction to create unique offspring. There are benefits and drawbacks to both sexual and asexual reproduction, which is why some creatures use both.
Sexual reproduction requires both a male and a female organism, as opposed to asexual reproduction, which only involves one organism. Asexual reproduction is used by several unicellular organisms and plants. Fish and most other animals reproduce sexually.
Some creatures, like corals and komodo dragons, have sexual and asexual modes of reproduction. However, as they do not benefit from the genetic variety brought about by sexual reproduction over the long term (over several generations), their capacity to adapt to their environment is compromised.
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in which liquid should wiping cloths be stored
Answers
Answer:
fresh sanitizer
Explanation:
common sense?
The most important function of the thymus is:
to filter antigens from the blood and respond to systemic infections.
to remove foreign material from lymph before it enters the bloodstream.
to serve as a center for proliferation and response of immune cells.
immune cell production and maturation.
immune cell production and maturation.
Answers
The development and generation of immune cells is the thymus most significant task. The right response in this case is option D.
It is located just in front of and above the heart. White blood cells called T lymphocytes are created in the thymus. These have a big impact on the body's immune system, which helps to keep us healthy. Before we enter adolescence, the thymus produces all of our T lymphocytes.
The neonatal and pre-adolescent stages are when the thymus is at its biggest and busiest. After this era the organ progressively declines and is replaced by fat. The thymus of an old person weighs 5 g. Affinity maturation is the procedure whereby the immune system creates antibodies with greater affinities following a response to an antigen.
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An ACTH injection would cause an increase in the secretion of
thyroxin (T4)
antidiuretic hormone
ACTH
glucocorticoids
Answers
An ACTH injection would cause an increase in the secretion of ACTH. The correct answer is option 3.
What is antidiuretic hormone ?It helps in the constriction of blood vessels and the kidneys regulation to maintain the water balance out in the body.
Thyroxin (T4) is made up of thyroid gland and it regulates the iodine level and the deficiency of iodine causes goitre. Thyroxine plays a role in controlling the rate of chemical reactions taking place in the cell.
Glucocorticoids are derived from steroids and play a role in anti- inflammation and controls metabolism in the muscles, liver, bones and fats.
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based on figure 1, which of the following statements best describes the epinephrine signaling pathway?
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based on figure 1, the following statements best describes the epinephrine signaling pathway In involves enzymes activating other enzymes. It involves the activation of additional enzymes by enzymes.
Adrenergic receptors are connected to a Gs signaling pathway that boosts intracellular cAMP, just like the glucagon receptor is. Through the Gq/IP3/DAG signaling pathway and the 1 adrenergic receptor, epinephrine also stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. The epinephrine signal transduction route is a typical illustration of a signal pathway that makes use of this kind of receptor. The adrenal glands located above the kidneys secrete epinephrine, which binds to a unique 7TM receptor known as the beta-adrenergic receptor.
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rank the following events in order from greatest to least contribution to the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations. view available hint(s)
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Vertical, horizontal, and novel mutations are the following events in order from greatest to least contribution to the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations.
What distinguishes vertical from horizontal gene transfer?The genetic material is transferred between bacterial cells without being connected with cell division, which is known as horizontal gene transfer (HGT) [1-3]. Vertical inheritance, in contrast, refers to the transfer of genetic material during cell division from the mother cell to the daughter cell.
What do vertical and horizontal categorisation mean?Vertical in this context refers to phylogenetic relationships that span time from an ancestor to a descendant. Horizontal refers to simultaneous living. Geologists and paleontologists who came after them have a distinctive belief that time should be measured as an ascending march from the bottom to the top.
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identify two genetic mechanisms whereby proto-oncogenes can become overexpressed. select the two mechanisms. identify two genetic mechanisms whereby proto-oncogenes can become overexpressed.select the two mechanisms. mutations within gene-regulatory regions a gain-of-function alteration mutations that result in an abnormal protein product alterations in chromatin structure modification of proto-oncogenes products
Answers
Missense mutations, gene amplification, chromosomal translocation, and viral integration can all turn a proto-oncogene into an oncogene.
The encoded protein is anticipated to either increase in quantity or have its function changed to become more active as a result of the genetic modifications. Proto-oncogenes are a class of genes that, when mutated, lead to the development of cancer in normally developing cells. Proto-oncogene mutations are often dominant in nature, and the mutated form of an oncogene is referred to be an oncogene. Proto-oncogenes frequently produce proteins that promote cell proliferation, prevent cell differentiation, and prevent cell death. The preservation of tissues and organs as well as normal human development depend on each of these processes. However, oncogenes frequently show increased synthesis of these proteins.
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aggregate supply analysis requires looking at specific time horizons to predict macroeconomic outcomes.
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Macroeconomic outcomes can be predicted over very short, short, medium, and long time horizon. Prices do not alter in the very short run since they are very sticky.
A time horizon, sometimes referred to as a planning horizon, is a set point in the future where specific activities will be assessed or taken to have concluded. Assigning such a defined horizon time is important in an accounting, financial, or risk management regime so that alternatives can be assessed for performance over the same time frame. In the real world, a time horizon is physically impossible. Although end-of-day, end-of-week, and end-of-month dates matter in accounting, they are typically just single.
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Genetics says that children receive genes from each of their parents independently. Each child of a particular pair of parents has a probability 0.25 of having type O blood. Suppose these parents have five children. Let X be the number of children with type O blood. a. Is this experiment a binomial setting? explain b. Find the probability that exactly four of the children have type O blood. c. Find the probability that at least one child has type O blood. d. Find the expected value (the mean) and the standard deviation of random variable x.
Answers
This experiment is a binomial setting, Genetics says that children receive genes from each of their parents independently. Each child of a particular pair of parents has a probability 0.25 of having type O blood.
Your chromosomes store your genes, which are the building blocks of your body. This blueprint is present in nearly every cell in the human body and is typically kept in the nucleus, an unique sac located inside the cell. Long strands of a substance called deoxyribonucleic acid make up chromosomes (DNA). A ladder with twists is how a DNA strand looks. Genes resemble a string of letters that has been stretched out on either side. These letters serve as a kind of roadmap. Each gene's letter arrangement contains instructions for making particular chemicals. Even though each gene is present in each cell in two copies, just a portion of these genes need to be active for each cell to perform its particular functions. Genes that are not required are disabled. Sometimes a gene's instructions are thrown off by a change in the gene. Gene alterations can occur naturally or through inheritance (with no known cause). Modifications to the coding that enables a gene to function can cause a variety of diseases.
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You bathe a skeletal muscle cell in the SERCA 1A inhibitor, CGP-37157, then stimulate the muscle cell at a voltage level sufficient to elicit contraction under control conditions. Based upon your knowledge of the mechanisms mediating skeletal muscle contraction, which of the following would you expect to take place? A. The skeletal muscle would not contract. B. The force generated and duration of contraction would be greater than control. C. You would not see any difference between experimental and control conditions.
Answers
Based upon your knowledge of the mechanisms mediating skeletal muscle contraction,the force generated and duration of contraction would be greater than control.
What is contraction?
Actin and myosin filament interaction, which causes their relative movement to one another, causes muscle contraction as a result. Myosin's association with actin filaments provides the chemical underpinning for this interaction, enabling it to operate as a motor to promote filament sliding.
Thick myosin filaments and thin actin filaments glide past one another to cause muscle contraction. The broad consensus is that cross-bridges that protrude from myosin filaments and engage in periodic interactions with actin filaments when ATP is hydrolyzed are responsible for driving this process.
Therefore, Option B is correct.
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T/F: For Metabolic Syndrome, the increase in insulin resistance happens simultaneously with both the increase in secretion of insulin and the elevation of fasting plasma glucose.
Answers
The statement is False, For Metabolic Syndrome, the increase in insulin resistance happens simultaneously with both the increase in secretion of insulin and the elevation of fasting plasma glucose.
A group of risk factors that are particularly related to cardiovascular disease are referred to as the "metabolic syndrome." The chance of getting diabetes, heart disease, stroke, or any combination of the three is significantly increased by metabolic syndrome. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) believes the following metabolic variables are at play:
• Abdominal fat accumulation. To be eligible, a person's waist circumference must be greater than 40 inches for men and 35 inches for women. The type of obesity with a higher waist circumference is the one that is most closely associated with metabolic syndrome..
• Having a value of 130/80 mm Hg or higher for high blood pressure. The top number, or systolic blood pressure, must be under 120 mm Hg, and the bottom number, or diastolic blood pressure, must be under 80 mm Hg (the bottom number). Blood pressure issues and obesity are directly associated. It's common in people with insulin resistance.
• Lower fasting blood sugar levels. A value of at least 100 mg/dL is indicated by this.
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Gregor Mendel crossed homozygous tall plants (TT) with homozygous short plants (tt). All the resulting offspring were tall. From these results, what conclusion did Mendel draw?
Tallness is a dominant trait.
Answers
Gregor Mendel crossed homozygous tall plants (TT) with the homozygous short plants (tt). All the resulting offspring were tall where Tallness is a dominant trait.
A gene region where there are two identical alleles present. Two alleles with the same variation or two alleles that are normal can both be present in a homozygous genotype.a gene region where there are two distinct alleles present. One normal allele and one mutated allele, or two distinct mutated alleles, can make up a heterozygous genotype.As a result of having one "T" allele, each progeny is a tall plant. This is so that a plant with one "t" allele and one "T" allele will only exhibit the properties of the "T" allele, which in this case is a tall pea plant, since the "T" allele is dominant over the "t" allele.
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The spinal cord extends inferiorly from the brain through the foramen magnum and ends at thelevel of the __________ vertebra.L1L5S1S5
Answers
Through the foramen magnum, this spinal cord travels inferiorly from of the brain and terminates at the position of the cervical vertebra.
The cord therefore extends through 20 bony vertebrae. It ends in a kid at the top L3 border. A dermatome is innervated by each of these segments. The spinal cord runs from the initial lumbar vertebra level to the foramen magnum just at base of the skull. At the foramen magnum, the cord continues into the medulla oblongata. The spinal cord is encased in bone, meninges, & cerebrospinal fluid, just like the brain. The central nervous system, that includes the spinal cord, is extended by the spinal cord. The spinal cord starts in the medulla oblongata, which is located at the base of the brain stem, and ends inside the lower back, where it tapers to create a cone known as the conus medullaris.
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What is the correct order of the following events in Eukaryotic gene expression? 1. translation 2. mRNA processing 3. transcription3,1,21,2,33, 2,12,1,3
Answers
Answer is 3,2,1 .Information travels from DNA to RNA to protein during the expression of a protein-coding gene. The Eukaryotic gene is undergoes transcription and then mRNA processing and then it translated.
A Eukaryotic gene expression results in the production of the appropriate protein, and this complex process comprises two main phases. Transcription is the process by which the data in DNA is converted into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule in the initial phase. An enzyme called RNA polymerase II catalyzes the synthesis of a pre-mRNA molecule during transcription by acting as a template for complementary base-pairing. Mature mRNA is subsequently produced by processing the pre-mRNA, which is done through the process of transcription. A single-stranded copy of the Eukaryotic gene is produced as mRNA, which must then be translated into a protein molecule.
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Name the main categories of psychoactive drugs, and list three ways these substances can interfere with neurotransmission in the brain
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The four primary classes of psychoactive drugs—depressants, stimulants, opioids, and hallucinogens—list three ways in which these compounds might affect brain neurotransmission.
The three psychoactive substances that have an impact on the brain are what?This study examines how the brain's neurotransmitters interact with four psychoactive drugs—MDMA (Ecstasy), cocaine, methamphetamine, and LSD—in order to see whether any connections can be drawn between these substances and psychosis.
What are the mechanisms by which psychoactive substances can disrupt brain neurotransmission?Other substances, like cocaine or amphetamine, can disrupt transporters, causing the neurons to produce unusually high levels of natural neurotransmitters or preventing the brain chemicals' regular recycling. In addition, this increases or obstructs the usual neuronal transmission.
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which of below objects was not discovered by galileo? group of answer choices rings of saturn satellites (moons) of jupiter spots on the sun
Answers
The planet Neptune was not a discovery that was made by Galileo using the telescope.
He was the first to record telescopic sightings of the moon's highlands, Jupiter's moons, Venus's phases, and Saturn's rings. He is renowned for his discoveries. Galileo, therefore, discovered everything listed above, with the exception of the two mars moons, which were found by Asaph Hall in August 1877. Venus's phases, Jupiter's moons, and Saturn's rings were all found by Galileo. Johann Gottfried Galle made the discovery of this planet. He used the mathematical calculations of Urbain Verrier and John Adams to discover this planet. Neptune can only be observed through a telescope. Galileo is supposed to have discovered neptune but missed classifying it as a planet when he initially used this instrument to view the celestial bodies in 1609.
The complete question is:
Which of the following was not a discovery made by Galileo using the telescope?
A. the rings of Saturn
B.sunspots
C.the planet Neptune
D. the moons of Jupiter
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what is bacteria; what is a pathogen; what are germs; types of pathogens; types of germs; some bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi can cause illness these are known as servsafe; some bacteria viruses parasites and fungi can cause an illness. these are known as; microorganisms that can only reproduce and grow when they invade a host with living cells
Answers
Bacteria are basic, single-celled organisms that cannot be seen with the unaided eye.
Bacteria are tiny, single-celled creatures. Bacteria, which are vital to ecology, are found on almost every surface of the world.
Pathogens are organisms that cause disease in their hosts; their virulence is used to gauge how severe a disease's symptoms are. There are five main categories of pathogenic organisms: bacteria, fungus, viruses, protozoa, and worms. Pathogens come in a variety of taxonomic forms, including bacteria, viruses, and both single- and multicellular eukaryotes.
A germ is any microbe. This suggests that a microscope is the sole appropriate tool for observation. They can be found in the soil, the water, and the air. There are bacteria on your skin and in your body as well.
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ar is the signal in prostate development and prostate cancer that has attracted the most investigation. ar is known to serve as a nuclear receptor and belongs to the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. however, it can only reach the nucleus to initiate a signaling cascade once it has been bound to androgen ligands, at which point it may perform its role as a transcription factor
Answers
The progression of prostate cancer to androgen castration levels is made possible by AR overexpression. CRPC can develop in prostate cancer cells that have AR amplification when androgen deprivation therapy is used.
An androgen receptor belongs to what class of receptors?The androgen receptor (AR), also known as NR3C4 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 4), is a specific kind of nuclear receptor that is activated by binding to androgenic hormones such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the cytoplasm and then translocating into the nucleus.
Why does AR signaling occur?Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), a deadly, drug-resistant type of the illness that develops when androgen restriction therapy fails, is caused by the androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis (ADT).
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24. Location of RNA translation. Golgi apparatus or nucleus Rough ER or cytoplasm Mitochondria or nucleus Golgi apparatus or cytoplasm Plasma membrane or Smooth ER
Answers
Answer:
nucleus Rough ER
Explanation:
translation can occur either in the cytoplasm or on the rough ER
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like any scientific theory, the theory of evolution is subject to revision or even to being discarded if future observations do not agree with its predictions. which of the following hypothetical observations (none of which are real) would force us to reconsider the theory of evolution?
Answers
the discovery of fossils of monkeys resembling humans that predate the earliest dinosaurs would force us to reconsider the theory of evolution.
According to the idea of evolution, qualities that help a person survive in a changing environment will likewise eventually alter or evolve. Natural selection was so effective at explaining how life evolved that it was accepted as a scientific theory. Evolution is the process through which all forms of life evolve over successive generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of this process. Genetic changes that correlate to modifications in an organism's visible features drive the evolution of biological populations. The term "theory of evolution by natural selection," which was first out by Charles Darwin, is reduced to "the theory of evolution."
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Which allele in human blood type is always recessive?; What are the two alleles for the human blood type gene?; What is the genotype of blood type B?; Is blood type O heterozygous or homozygous?
Answers
IA, IB, and I are the three distinct blood types that exist in humans. These alleles can be referred to simply as A (for IA), B (for IB), and O. (for i). Because we receive one blood type allele from our biological mother and one from our biological father, every one of us possesses two ABO blood type alleles.A man with blood type B may have BB or BO genotypes, whereas a woman with blood type AB may have the genotype AB. A or B alleles from the mother and a B or O allele from the father would be passed down to the child.The genotype is homozygous recessive, and the blood type is O when both inherited alleles are O. The genotype is heterozygous, and the blood type is AB when one of the inherited alleles is A and the other is B.
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When a lion and a tiger mate, they have
offspring, but the hybrids are unable to
reproduce. This is an example of what type of
reproductive barrier?
A. gametic isolation
B. a postzygotic barrier this is the answer
C. mechanical isolation
Answers
A postzygotic barrier is the sort of reproductive barrier that prevents the hybrids from reproducing after a lion and a tiger mate and create offspring.
What does the biological term replicate mean?Reproduction is the process of producing descendants. The two basic types of reproduction are sexual and asexual. A sexually reproducing organism is genetically different and has the genetic information of both of its mothers. Genetically identical children are produced through asexual reproduction by having each parent repeat itself.
What is the name of the reproductive process?Reproduction is the process by which new individual creatures, or "offspring," are produced from the "parent" or "parents" (or procreation or breeding). Reproduction is a fundamental element of all known life, and it is the reason that every single organism exists.
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Iodine is a _____. vitamin carbohydrate mineral fat
Answers
Iodine is a mineral.
Minerals are inorganic substances that occur naturally in the environment. They are essential for maintaining good health and are found in a variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, and meat. Iodine is a mineral that is necessary for proper thyroid function and is found in foods such as seafood, eggs, and dairy products. It can also be obtained through supplements. Vitamins, carbohydrates, and fats are all organic substances that are essential for human health, but they are not minerals.
T/F consider a natural convection heat transfer on a horizontal flat plate and fluid is above it. which condition satisfies the figure?
Answers
(Gr / Re2) >> 1 Condition satisfies the natural convection heat transfer on a horizontal plate.
Due to its numerous engineering uses, such as geothermal systems, underground pollution spread, nuclear waste storage, solidification of casting, thermal insulation, electronic cooling, modeling of petroleum reservoirs, burying of drums containing heat-generating chemicals in the ground, design of chemical catalytic reactors, and powder
According to Cheng, the majority of early theoretical studies relied on Darcy's law and the assumption of a uniform porosity medium.
Based on this concept, it has been discovered that the Rayleigh number of the media alone determines the Nusselt number for natural convection that extends to heated surfaces in an infinite medium. The Nusselt number for natural convection in an enclosed porous medium is demonstrated numerically to be a function of the media Rayleigh number and the enclosure aspect ratio.
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when a typical restriction enzyme cuts a dna molecule, the cuts are staggered so that the dna fragments have single-stranded ends. this is important in recombinant dna work because .
Answers
The DNA cuts are important in recombinant DNA work because the fragments will bond to other fragments with complementary single stranded ends.
DNA Recombination is a process by which the pieces of DNA are broken or separated and then recombined to produce new combinations of alleles. If the process is not controlled properly by the enzymes, the fragments will bind to other fragments with complementary ends. The staggered ends of DNA fragments are known as sticky ends. This process is an important aspect of biotechnology where DNA fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis, studied and them combined with some other pair to get the desired output. It can be done to produce unique genome pairs, vaccines or identify important DNA segments.
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