identify the number of electrons required to balance the following half-reaction. also indicate whether these electrons must appear as reactants or products.

Ionization energy increases with increase in electronegativity. The ionization energy of aluminium is less than that of magnesium because it is easier to remove an electron from the p orbital than that from an s orbital.

Ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove a valence electron from the atom.  Thus it depends on the orbital and electronegativity of the atom.

In the case of magnesium the valence electrons are in s orbital and that of aluminium is p orbital. It is easy to remove an electron p orbital than that from a s orbital. Thus Mg has higher ionization energy than Al.

In the case of phosphorous, the valence shell is half filled making it highly stable and thus higher ionization energy. Out of the four valence electrons in p orbital  of sulphur, one can be easily removed and thus has lower ionization energy.

In the case of Be the same can be applied,as in Mg, that removing its valence electron from s orbital is hard than to remove an electron from the p orbital of boron.

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We can use ethanol to extract caffeine the problem is that espresso is often water so the solvent chosen for the extraction of caffeine should be immiscible with water. that is the motive why dichloromethane is used.

Solvents which include chloroform methyl chloride ethanol acetone and ethyl acetate are normally used for solvent extraction of caffeine. several techniques may be used for this extraction purpose, together with Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction, and thermal reflux extraction.

Dichloromethane is used as the solvent for liquid-liquid extraction because caffeine is more soluble in dichloromethane than other solvents. It does not make any realistic experience. due to the fact ethanol and water are miscible in any percentage, you will become with an answer of caffeine within the water/ethanol aggregate along with the other water-soluble additives of the tea or espresso you used initially.

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We know that the concentration of oxygen in the graduated cylinder must be greater than the concentration of oxygen gas in the rest of the classroom.

A Measuring Cylinder, also known as a graded cylinder, cylinder measuring cylinder, or mixing cylinder, is a piece of laboratory equipment used to measure the amount of liquids, chemicals, or solutions throughout the course of a typical lab session. Graduated cylinders offer greater precision and accuracy than standard laboratory flasks and beakers.

Graduated cylinders and beakers are examples of glassware used in laboratories that has a specialized use. The volumes of the liquid inside may usually be read more precisely with graduated cylinders. For blending and stirring liquids, beakers work well.

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The molar solubility of salt is 6.542 x 10⁻⁵ mol/L

It is the number of moles of solute in a saturated solution that is one litre in size. It is expressed in moles per litre.A compound's capacity to dissolve in a given substance is known as its molar solubility (M), which is a unit of measurement. Molar solubility is measured as moles/L and is more specifically the maximum number of moles of a solute that can dissolve in one litre of solvent. The solution is said to be saturated when the amount of solute it can dissolve in one litre of solvent equals the amount of moles dissolved in one mole of solvent.

There are several factors that affect M's value. The Ksp value of the solubility product constant is significant. Each compound's measure of how readily a substance dissolves has a fixed value. Calculating the value of M also requires knowledge of the chemical reaction's product-to-reactant ratio. The reaction's stoichiometry is what is meant by this

Co(OH)₂ dissociates in solution according to the equation:

Ag₂CrO₄ → 2Ag⁺ + CrO₄²⁻.

∵ Ksp = [Ag⁺]²[CrO₄²⁻] = (2s)²(s) = 4s³.

∴ 4s³ = 1.12 x 10⁻¹².

∴ s³ = 1.12 x 10⁻¹²/4 = 2.80 x 10⁻¹³.

∴ s = ∛(2.80 x 10⁻¹³) = 6.542 x 10⁻⁵ mol/L

Thus the molar solubility of salt is 6.542 x 10⁻⁵ mol/L

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The change in temperature when one bottle (250 g) of ethanol is cooled from 45°C to 40°C is - 5 °C.

The energy entering to the system and energy releasing to the system cause the change in the temperature. the change in temperature can be calculated as : the subtraction of final temperature and the initial temperature. The change in temperature is given as :

change in temperature , ΔT = final temperature - initial temperature

the initial temperature = 45 °C

the final temperature = 40 °C

change in temperature = 40 °C - 45 °C

change in temperature = - 5 °C

Thus, The change in temperature when one bottle (250 g) of ethanol is cooled from 45°C to 40°C is - 5 °C.

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The number of molecules is 0.482 × 10²³ molecules.

PV= nRT

P = gas pressure (N/m²)

V= gas volume (m³)

n = moles of gas (mol)

T= absolute temperature of gas (kelvin)  

We have,

Volume = 2.5 L

Temperature = 50°C (50+273 = 323 k)

Pressure of gas = 650 mmHg ⇒ (650/760 = 0.86 atm)

So,

PV= nRT

(0.86 atm × 2.5 L) = n (0.0821) (323)

n = 2.15 atm. L /26.52 atm. mol⁻¹.L

n = 0.08 mol

We have a number of moles of N₂ are 0.08 mol.

One mole = 6.022 × 10²³ molecules

X = n ( 6.022 × 10²³)

So, number of molecules:

0.08 × 6.022 ×10²³ = 0.482 ×10²³ molecules

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CaF₂ (s) ⇄Ca (aq) + 2F (aq)

KP = [Ca²⁺][F]²

Use the stoichiometry of the reaction to prepare an ICE table showing the initial concentration of the common ion.

CaF2 (s) ⇄ Ca (aq) + 2F (aq)

initial           0            0.010

change      +S              +S

equili          S             0.010+S

Kp = [Ca²⁺][F]²

= (S)(0.010+S)²

= S(0.010)²

S= KP/(0.010)²

= 4.0×10⁻¹¹/1x104

= 4×10⁻⁷ M

A saturated solution is a solution in which as many solutes as possible are dissolved. At a certain temperature, solutes can no longer dissolve in saturated solutions. A saturated solution can be made by dissolving more solutes until no more solutes are dissolved. If adding more solute does not dissolve it, the original solution is saturated. If the added solute dissolves, the original solution was unsaturated.

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A redox reaction involves oxidation one species and reduction of other species. Oxidation is the process of the lose of electron and it occurs at anode and reduction is the gain of electrons. Thus option d is false.

A redox reaction is a type of reaction in which both oxidation and reduction occurs each for different species. One reactant species oxidizes by losing electron into the other species and the species which gained the electron is reduced.

Oxidation is the process by which an element or group forms its higher oxidation state by losing electron. Reduction is the process by which an element forms its lower oxidation state through gaining electron.

In an electrolysis two electrodes undergo redox reaction where the electrode at which oxidation occurs is called anode and the electrode where reduction takes place is called cathode. Thus option c is incorrect.

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Supply and the stoichiometric equation are used to identify the limiting reactant of these reactants. So, both reactants are able to act as limited reagents according to these conditions.

They limit how far reactions can go in terms of producing products because they are reactants with a finite supply.

Hydrogen gas is created in the following manner in a reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid:

 [tex]Mg+2HCl[/tex] ------------> [tex]MgCl_{2} +H_{2}[/tex]

[tex]HCl[/tex] has two times the molecular weight of magnesium. As a result, no reactant will be limiting if both reactants are provided in the required proportion.

[tex]HCl[/tex] will become limiting if the amount of moles supplied is not at least twice that of [tex]Mg[/tex]. Furthermore, [tex]Mg[/tex] will be limited if the amount supplied is not equal to half the amount  [tex]HCl[/tex] supplied.

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The absorbance of the solution containing FeSCN2 can be used to calculate the [FeSCN2] at equilibrium by using the following equation:

A = ε * b * [FeSCN2]

Where A is the absorbance of the solution, ε is the molar absorptivity of FeSCN2, b is the path length of the cuvette, and [FeSCN2] is the molar concentration of FeSCN2.

What is the purpose of iron III thiocyanate?

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2 1/3 fluid ounce of water is still remains in the beaker.

A fluid ounce is a unit of measurement for liquid volume. Commonly abbreviated fl. Oz. (or fl oz) means a single fluid ounce, or more commonly multiple fluid ounces. An ounce is a unit used to measure weight.

For the given case.

Amount of water in the beaker =  5 2/3 fluid ounces

Amount of water poured out =  3 1/3 fluid ounces

Remaining amount of water =   5 2/3 -  3 1/3

= 17/3 - 10/3                   [mixed fractions converted into improper fractions]

= 7/3

= 2 1/3 fluid ounce        [improper fraction converted into mixed fraction]

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Since the given question is incomplete, the complete question is as follows:

"Shelly has a beaker with 5 2/3 fluid ounces of water. She pours out 3 1/3 fluid ounces of water. Which expression can be used to find the number of fluid ounces of water that remain in the beaker?"

Answer: the element is oxygen

Explanation: I just learned electron configuration today and this is the only part I can help with. given 1s²2s²2p4 if you add up the exponents you can find how many electrons there are and therefore the element

The HCl concentration formed is 17.6 g and the limiting reactant is hydrogen.

In this case, based on the information provided, the grams of HCl required can be calculated by first identifying the limiting reactants in moles of each reactant.

1:1 mole ratio

nH₂ = 0.490 g H₂ x 1 mol H₂ / 2.02 g H₂ = 0.242 mol H₂

nCl₂ = 50.0 gCl₂ x 1 mol Cl₂ / 70.9 g Cl₂ = 0.705 mol Cl₂

From this we conclude that hydrogen is the limiting reactant and use 1:2 molar ratio with HCl having a molar mass of 36.46 g/mol:

mHCl = 0.242 mol H2; x 2 mol HCI/1 mol H2. x 36.6 g HCl/1 mole HCl

mHCl = 17.6 g HCl

Therefore, the HCl concentration formed is 17.6 g and the limiting reactant is hydrogen.

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The Sulphur and nitrogen oxides attain the higher environment and blend with water forming nitric acid and sulphuric acid after which come down at the floor of the earth with precipitation. This is known as acid rain.

The white marble of Taj Mahal in Agra consists of Calcium. Whenever there may be acid rain in Agra, the nitric acid and sulphuric acid come at the side of precipitates.

These acids react with calcium carbonate of marble to shape calcium sulphate and calcium nitrate at the side of carbon dioxide and water. Marble consists of carbonate minerals, usually calcite and dolomite. Barium isn't always found in marbles which shape the Taj Mahal. So, the alternatives containing barium are removed.

The acid rain has a pH of much less than 5.6. It has unfavorable consequences at the animal skin, marbles and agriculture etc.

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The new volume of oxygen If 30.0 L of oxygen are cooled from 473ºK to 274°K at constant pressure,  is 17.38 L.

to calculate the new volume of oxygen we can use the charles law.

Where in Charles law of gases states that at constant pressure, volume of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas, i.e.

V∝T

According to the question,we can calculate the new volume of oxygen as below :

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂, where

V₁ = initial volume of gas = 30 L

T₁ = initial temperature of gas = 473ºK

V₂ = new volume of gas = ?

T₂ = new temperature of gas = 274ºK

On putting all these values on the above equation, we get

V₂ = (30)(274ºK) / 473ºK = 17.38 L.

Hence, the new volume of oxygen If 30.0 L of oxygen are cooled from 473ºK to 274°K at constant pressure,  is 17.38 L.

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work done on the ship if it moves 2000m is 15×[tex]10^{6}[/tex]J

When an external pulling force is applied to an object, the object moves from one place to another or we can simply say that it changes its position. The amount of work required to move the object from its initial position to the final position is directly proportional to the force applied to the object.

Work done depends on two main components that is force and displacement of an object. The displacement of an object must happen along the line of action of the force in order for the force to do work on the object.

Work has units of energy because it is defined as an amount of (transferred) energy, so work usually has units of J (joules).

To calculate work the formula that we use is;

W = F × d, where W = work done, F = Force  and d = distance

W = 7500N × 2000m

W =  15×[tex]10^{6}[/tex]J

Therefore 15×[tex]10^{6}[/tex]J of work is done on the ship.

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In second energy level, maximum 8 electrons can be filled.

For the first four energy levels, the maximum number of electrons are as follows:

I Energy level: 2 electrons max.

II Energy level: 8 electrons max.

III Energy level: 18 electrons max.

IV Energy level: 32 electrons max.

The greatest number depends on how many orbitals are present at a certain energy level. A volume of space within an atom known as an orbital is where an electron is most likely to be found.

As a result, we may conclude that Energy level II has four orbitals and hence, requires eight electrons to completely occupy it.

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The volume in liters of a 1.29 mol/ L iron(ii) bromide solution that contains 0.275 moles of iron(ii) bromide  is 213 mL.

given that :

molarity of iron(ii) bromide solution = 1.29 mol/L

moles of iron(ii) bromide in solution = 0.275 mol

the molarity expression is as follows :

molarity = moles / volume in L

volume in L = moles / molarity

                   = 0.275 / 1.29

                   = 0.213 mL = 213 mL

the volume of iron(ii) bromide solution is 213 mL.

Thus,  The volume in liters of a 1.29 mol/ L iron(ii) bromide solution that contains 0.275 moles of iron(ii) bromide  is 213 mL.

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According to the given information As velocity increases kinetic energy and potential energy.

Kinetic energy, which may be seen in the motion of an object, atom, or group of particles, is the electricity of motion. Every moving item uses kinetic energy, such as a person walking, a baseball being tossed, a piece of food falling from the a table, or a charge particle in an electromagnetic current.

When potential heat is produced, among other catalysts such as elastic forces or gravity, kinetic is generated. Motion is created by kinetic energy. The velocity of an object increases as force applied to it and it accelerates.

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The complete question is -

As velocity____kinetic energy and potential energy

In the nuclear equation, 222 86 radon becomes 4 2 helium plus blank. The characteristics of the missing particle are Z=84, A=218.

4 2 helium is also known as alpha(α) particle. Helium atom contains 2 protons and 2 neutrons in it. During the α-decay, atom transforms into the another atom with atomic number less than 2 and a mass number less than 4. The sum of the subscripts on both side of the equation should be same. Therefore, the α-decay of radon is shown as

222 86 Ra→218 84 Z+4 2 He

Therefore, element which shows atomic number 84 is polonium(Po).

Hence, the characteristics of the missing particles are Z=84, A=218. Therefore, third option is correct.

Your question is incomplete but the complete question is

222 86 Radon becomes 4 2 Helium plus blank. The characteristics of the missing particle are

Z = 84, A = 220

Z = 88, A = 218

Z = 84, A = 218

Z = 85, A = 220

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Methane is combustible and utilized as fuel all around the world. It is a key element in natural gas. Dioxide & water vapor are produced when methane is burned in the oxygen-rich atmosphere.

The energy-producing process that powers the metabolic functions of most living organisms, respiration, depends heavily on oxygen. All living things, including humans, depend on the air that we breathe to survive.

The non-metallic element oxygen occurs naturally as a compound. Two molecules of oxygen that are tightly bound together make up each molecule. Oxygen is in a gaseous state at ambient temperature due to its low melt and boil temperatures.

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The mass of sodium hydroxide pellets required to prepare 250.0 ml of a 0.10 m sodium hydroxide solution will be 1g.

The amount of a substance in a specific volume of solution is known as its molarity (M). The number of moles of a solute per liter of a solution is known as molarity. The molar concentration of a solution is another name for molarity.

We divide the number of moles of solute by the total volume of liters of the solution to determine the molarity of a solution.

M = number of moles of solute   × 1000

          the volume of solution (mL)

Given, M = 0.10M

           V = 250mL

The molar mass of sodium hydroxide = 40g

0.10 = [tex]x[/tex]/40  × 1000

           250

[tex]x[/tex] = 1 g.

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The  work (in joule)  performed on the surrounding  when 1 mole of an ideal gas expanded from a volume of 1. 00 liter to a volume of 8. 93 liter against a constant external pressure of 1. 00 atm is 803 joules

we know that,

n = 1 mole

Vi = 1 L

Vf = 8.93 L

P = 1 atm

the work performed on the surrounding under constant pressure is given as can be calculated as below:

W = P∆V

W = P(Vf—Vi)

W = 1 atm × (8.93—1) L

W = 1 atm × 7.93 L

W = 8.93 Litre•atm

Given that,

1 Litre•atm = 101.3J

So,

W = 7.93 Litre•atm × 101.3J/Litre•atm

W = 803.309 J

W ≈ 803 J

Then the work done on the surrounding is approximately

803 joules

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The activation energy of a reaction is the difference between the peak of the reaction profile and the energy of the reactants.

The change in energy that occurs during a chemical reaction can be plotted on a graph called a potential energy graph or sometimes a reaction progress curve. A potential energy diagram shows the change in the potential energy of a system as reactants are converted to products.

When a catalyst is added it provides the reactants with an alternative route to product formation by lowering the activation energy. Therefore, products are formed with lower activation energies. However, this does not affect the product's energy. This is seen in the diagram of the exothermic reaction below. By determining the rate constant k at various temperatures and applying the Arrhenius equation.

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The rate of reaction is the speed of reaction. The rate constant is the proportionality constant in the equation . The reaction order is the relation between rate of reaction and concentration of reaction. The activation energy is minimum amount of energy extra required to produced the product.

1) The rate of reaction is the speed of reaction at which reaction takes place. the rate at which reactants are converted into the product.

2) The rate constant is the proportionality constant in the equation .

3) The reaction order is the relation between rate of reaction and concentration of reaction. there are several types of order of reaction : zero order, first order, second order and the mixed order.

4) The activation energy is minimum amount of energy extra required to produced the product.

Thus,  The rate of reaction is the speed of reaction. The rate constant is the proportionality constant in the equation . The reaction order is the relation between rate of reaction and concentration of reaction. The activation energy is minimum amount of energy extra required to produced the product.

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Answer: Molecules are not attracted

Explanation:

Answer:

The bonds must be non-polar.

Explanation:

The water molecules are polar, so they wouldn't be attracted to the surface. This means the water would bead up and curve away from the surface it landed on.

When water beads up, this happens because the water molecules are more strongly attracted to each other by the polar bonds than they are to the surface by non-polar interactions.

To summarize:

On a nonpolar layer, water beads up because the attraction to each other is stronger than the surface.

Hope this explained it well.

Answer:

ldk

Explanation:

ldk

Answer:

hydrogen

Explanation:

Answer:b

Explanation:

b