In a breathalyzer, ethanol is detected through a reaction with the yellow-
orange dichromate ion in which the green chromium(III) ion is produced in
the presence of acid. The following balanced chemical equation
summarizes the reaction:
3 CH3CH₂OH(aq) + 2 Cr₂O72- (aq) + 16 H (aq) → 3 CH3COOH (aq) + 4 Cr³+
(aq)+11 H2O (D)
Which of these processes occurs the fastest?

The units which are used to represent the volume are mL, L, cm³, m³, etc. The volume of air in liters that you might inhale (and exhale) in 24.0 hours is 10,684.8 L.

The measure of the capacity that an object holds is generally defined as the volume. For example if a beaker can hold 100 mL of water, then its volume is said to be 100mL.

Here in minute, volume is:

15 × 0.495 = 7.42 L

In an hour, volume is:

7.42 × 60 = 445.2

In 24 hours, the volume will be:

Volume = 445.2 × 24 = 10,684.8 L

Thus the volume of air in 24 hours is 10,684.8 L.

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Models help the scientists in prediction of structure of molecules as per molecular geometry of molecules.

Molecular geometry can be defined as a three -dimensional arrangement of atoms which constitute the molecule.It includes parameters like bond length,bond angle and torsional angles.

It influences many properties of molecules like reactivity,polarity color,magnetism .The molecular geometry can be determined by various spectroscopic methods and diffraction methods , some of which are infrared,microwave and Raman spectroscopy.

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Answer:

89.17 u.

Explanation:

he average atomic mass of funnium can be calculated as follows:

Atomic mass = (Relative abundance of first isotope * atomic mass of first isotope) + (Relative abundance of second isotope * atomic mass of second isotope)

Atomic mass = (50.69% * 78.92 u) + (100% - 50.69% * 80.92 u)

Atomic mass = 39.86 u + (49.31 u)

Atomic mass = 89.17 u

So, the average atomic mass of funnium is 89.17 u.

Answer:

Protein is a necessary ingredient that is important for numerous bodily functions, such as tissue growth and repair, hormone and enzyme production, and immune system maintenance. When humans eat protein, the amino acids that make up the protein are disassembled.

In the stomach, where it is combined with digestive enzymes and stomach acid, protein breakdown starts. The amino acids are separated from the protein bonds with the assistance of this combination. The small intestine then receives the resulting concoction of amino acids and peptides.

Additional digestive enzymes are released into the small intestine by the pancreas and the intestinal wall to further break down the protein into its component amino acids. The small intestine's inner wall then allows these amino acids to enter the circulation where they are then carried to various bodily cells.

Once inside the cells, amino acids can be digested to provide energy or utilised to create new proteins. To ensure that it has enough amino acids to meet its requirements, the body also controls the balance of amino acids in the bloodstream.

In conclusion, the breakdown and absorption of protein begins in the stomach when it is combined with digestive enzymes and stomach acid. Then, the process continues in the small intestine, where additional breakdown occurs, and ends with the absorption of individual amino acids into the bloodstream.

A) Incorrect. It is not guaranteed that adding gas particles to the container will decrease the kinetic energy, as we don't know what energy those particles have to begin with.

B) Incorrect. We are not given any information that reveals that the container will break.

C) Incorrect. Because there are more particles, more collisions will occur in the container, increasing the likelihood that bonds may form between particles. This deviates from ideal gas behaviour.

D) Correct. Adding particles will increase the number of collisions that occurs as well as the overall pressure.

Option D

Answer:

one atom of sodium has a mass of approximately 37.9968 x 10^-24 grams.

Explanation:

The atomic mass of sodium is approximately 22.99 atomic mass units. To convert from atomic mass units to grams, we multiply by the conversion factor of 1.6605 x 10^-24 g/atomic mass unit:

mass (g) = 22.99 atomic mass units * (1.6605 x 10^-24 g/atomic mass unit) = 37.9968 x 10^-24 g

So one atom of sodium has a mass of approximately 37.9968 x 10^-24 grams.

48 gm is the minimum amount of ammonium carbonate that reacts to produce 1.0 mole of ammonia.

The chemical formula for ammonium carbonate is (NH₄)[tex]_2[/tex]CO₃. It is employed as a souring agent as well as smelling salt because it easily degrades to gaseous carbon dioxide and ammonia when heated.

It is also called as cook's ammonia and was the forerunner of the contemporary leavening ingredients baking soda as well as baking powder. It is a constituent of what was previously known called sal volatile as well as salt of hartshorn, and when cooked, it has a strong odor.

(NH₄)[tex]_2[/tex]CO₃ → 2 NH₃ + CO₂ + H₂0

2 moles of ammonia are produced from 1 mole of ammonium carbonate. 0.5 moles of ammonium carbonate will be needed to produce 1 mole of ammonia.

Mass = moles × molar mass

       = 0.1 mol × 96.09 g/mol

       = 48 gm

Therefore, 48 gm is the minimum amount of ammonium carbonate that reacts to produce 1.0 mole of ammonia.

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In the electromagnetic spectrum,  the energy of a photon of wavelength X₂ = 0.152 nm is 3.021×10[tex]^-35[/tex] m.

The electromagnetic  radiation are composed of electromagnetic waves which are synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields . They are created due to change which is periodic in electric as well as magnetic fields.

In vacuum ,all  electromagnetic waves travel at  same speed that is with the speed of air.The position of an electromagnetic wave in an electromagnetic spectrum is characterized by it's frequency or wavelength.These are emitted by electrically charged particles which undergo acceleration and subsequently interact with other charged particles.

Where energy is given by equation  as ,E= hc/λ= 6.626×10[tex]^-34[/tex]×3×10⁸/0.152×10[tex]^-9[/tex]=130.77×10[tex]^-17[/tex] J.

Thus, the energy of a photon of wavelength X₂ = 0.152 nm is 3.021×10[tex]^-35[/tex] m.

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The rank of the solutions from lowest to highest freezing point is: 0.10 m NH4NO3 < 0.15 m MgBr2 < 0.30 m C6H6O2.

1. 0.30 m C6H6O2: Freezing Point Depression = -iKf m, where i is the van't Hoff factor (2 for a nonelectrolyte) and Kf is the cryoscopic constant. The van't Hoff factor for C6H6O2 is 1, so Freezing Point Depression = -Kf m.

2. 0.15 m MgBr2: Freezing Point Depression = -2Kf m, where 2 is the van't Hoff factor and Kf is the cryoscopic constant.

3. 0.10 m NH4NO3: Freezing Point Depression = -3Kf m, where 3 is the van't Hoff factor and Kf is the cryoscopic constant.

Therefore, the rank of the solutions from lowest to highest freezing point is: 0.10 m NH4NO3 < 0.15 m MgBr2 < 0.30 m C6H6O2

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Answer: it is C

Explanation:

c

(a) tetrahedral (b) tetrahedral (c) bent or V-shaped (d) trigonal planar (e) bent or V-shaped (f) bent or V-shaped (g) linear (h) tetrahedral (i) trigonal planar

(a) The molecular structure is tetrahedral around the sulfur atom, with the four oxygen atoms forming the vertices of the tetrahedron.

(b) The molecular structure is tetrahedral around the chlorine atom, with the three oxygen atoms and hydrogen atom.

(c) The molecular structure is bent or V-shaped around the oxygen atom, with the two hydrogen atoms at the bottom of the V.

(d) The molecular structure is trigonal planar around the nitrogen atom, with the three oxygen atoms and hydrogen atom.

(e) The molecular structure is bent or V-shaped around the oxygen atom, with the hydrogen atom and nitrogen atom.

(f) The molecular structure is bent or V-shaped around the central oxygen atom, with the two other oxygen atoms at the bottom of the V.

(g) The molecular structure around each carbon atom is linear, with the two other carbon atoms forming a straight line with the carbon atom at the center.

(h) The molecular structure around the carbon atom is tetrahedral, with the two other carbon atoms and two fluorine atoms forming the vertices of the tetrahedron.

(i) The molecular structure around each carbon atom is trigonal planar, with the two other carbon atoms forming a straight line.

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--The complete question is, Describe the molecular structure around the indicated atom or atoms:

(a) the sulfur atom in sulfuric acid,

(b) the chlorine atom in chloric acid,

(c) the oxygen atom in hydrogen peroxide, HOOH

(d) the nitrogen atom in nitric acid,

(e) the oxygen atom in the OH group in nitric acid,

(f) the central oxygen atom in the ozone molecule,

(g) each of the carbon atoms in propyne,

(h) the carbon atom in Freon,

(i) each of the carbon atoms in allene--

Answer:

0.0144 moles

Explanation:

To calculate the number of moles of gas in a volume of 4.5 liters, we use the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

First, we need to convert the temperature to Kelvin:

37°C = 37 + 273.15 = 310.15 K

Next, we can plug in the known values into the ideal gas law and solve for n:

PV = nRT

(1.00 atm)(4.5 L) = (n)(0.0821 Latm/mol K)(310.15 K)

n = (1.00 atm)(4.5 L) / [(0.0821 Latm/mol K)(310.15 K)] = 0.0144 moles

So, it would take approximately 0.0144 moles of gas to fill an average man's lungs.


ALLLEN

Answer:

0.124 moles

Explanation:

PV = nRT, can be used, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin.

Converting the volume to liters and temperature to Kelvin:

V = 45 L

T = 37°C + 273.15 = 310.15 K

Plugging these values into the ideal gas law:

1.00 atm * 45 L = n * 0.0821 Latm/mol/K * 310.15 K

Solving for n:

n = (1.00 atm * 45 L) / (0.0821 Latm/mol/K * 310.15 K) = 0.124 mol

So, it would take about 0.124 moles of gas to fill an average man's lungs.

The formula of the neutral compound is CaO and the name of the compound is Calcium Oxide.

A compound is a substance formed when two or more elements chemically combine in fixed proportions. Compounds can be either molecules or ionic, and have unique physical and chemical properties. Molecule compounds are composed of atoms covalently bonded, meaning the atoms share electrons. Ionic compounds are composed of ions with a positive or negative charge; these ions are attracted to each other in a crystalline lattice structure. Compounds can be broken down into their separate elements by chemical means, such as electrolysis.

This compound is formed when one Calcium cation (Ca^2+) bonds with one Oxygen anion (O^2-). The two ions have opposite charges, so they attract and form a neutral compound with a charge of 0.

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The elements of 'd' block elements are called the transition elements. All the 'd' block elements are good conductors of heat and electricity.

The transition elements are defined as those elements which contain partially filled d-orbitals in their atoms in ground state or in their ions in common oxidation states.

But 'Zn', 'Cd' and 'Hg' of group 12 contain a (n-1)d¹⁰ configuration in their atoms and their most common divalent ions. Hence they cannot be considered strictly as transition metals. Because they contain completely filled 'd' orbitals.

Thus the group 12 elements are not strictly considered as transition metals.

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The new volume of the gas is 25.0 mL, which is half of the original volume of 50.0 mL.

Gas is a state of matter that is composed of particles with no definite shape or volume. It is composed of molecules that are in constant motion, colliding with each other and the walls of the container in which they reside. Gas can exist in either a gaseous or liquid state, depending on the temperature and pressure.

The change in volume of a gas is directly proportional to the change in pressure if the temperature is kept constant. This means that if the pressure is doubled, the volume of the gas is halved.
This means that if the pressure of the gas is increased from 20.0 atm to 40.0 atm, the volume of the gas is halved.
This means that the new volume of the gas is 25.0 mL, which is half of the original volume of 50.0 mL.

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Answer:

25.0 mL

Explanation:

we will use Boyle's law for this example. P1V1 = P2V2

p1 = 20.0

v1 = 50.0

p2 = 40.0

we are solving for V2

[tex]v2 = \frac{50 x 20}{40}[/tex]

= 25

Answer:

Explanation:

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) to form calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is:

CaO + CO2 -> CaCO3

From the equation, we can see that for every 1 mole of CaO, 1 mole of CO2 is needed to form 1 mole of CaCO3. If we have 5 grams of CaO, we can calculate the number of moles as follows:

5 g CaO / 56 g CaO/mol = 0.089 mol CaO

Since we need an equal number of moles of CO2, we can calculate the mass of CO2 needed as follows:

0.089 mol CO2 * 44 g CO2/mol = 3.9 g CO2

To calculate the volume of CO2 at standard temperature and pressure (STP), we need to know its molar volume, which is 24.45 L/mol. Using this, we can calculate the volume of CO2 as follows:

0.089 mol CO2 * 24.45 L CO2/mol = 2.16 L CO2

So, 5 grams of CaO will result in the formation of 5 grams of CaCO3, and the volume of CO2 produced will be 2.16 liters.

The work done on the gas during the compression process is 0.0418 kJ/K.

The work done on the gas during a compression process can be calculated using the equation:

w = -P * (Vf - Vi)

where P is the external pressure, Vf is the final volume, and Vi is the initial volume. The negative sign indicates that work is done on the gas.

Using the given values, we have:

w = -3.00 atm * (2.00 L - 6.00 L)

The volume units need to be converted to liters:

w = -3.00 atm * (2.00 L - 6.00 L) = -3.00 atm * (-4.00 L) = 12.00 L * atm

Next, the pressure unit must be converted to pascals:

w = 12.00 L * atm * (1.00 atm) = 12.00 L * 1.01325 * 10^5 Pa = 12.16 kJ

Finally, the work done must be divided by the temperature to get the work done per kelvin:

w / T = 12.16 kJ / (292.0 K) = 0.0418 kJ/K

So the work done on the gas during the compression process is 0.0418 kJ/K.

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If the initial pressure was 400 torrs,  the pressure when this reaction is complete​ is  1000 torrs.

The given equation is 2NOBr(g) -> 2NO(g) + Br2(g)

This is a decomposition reaction, which means that the total number of moles of gas will increase.

From the balanced chemical equation, we can see that 2 moles of gas are produced for every 2 moles of NOBr consumed. Therefore, the number of moles of gas will double when the reaction is complete.

Let x be the final pressure of the gas mixture in torrs.

Initially, the pressure of NOBr is 400 torrs, and the initial pressure of NO and Br2 is 0 torrs.

When the reaction is complete, 2 moles of gas will be present for every 1 mole of NOBr initially present. Therefore, the final pressure of the gas mixture is:

x = (2 moles of NO + 1 mole of Br2) / (2 moles of NOBr) x 400 torrs

x = (2 + 1/2) x 400 torrs

x = 1000 torrs

Therefore, the pressure of the gas mixture when the reaction is complete is 1000 torrs.

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Explanation:

To calculate the volume of a gas mixture, you can use the Ideal Gas Law, which states that PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

First, we need to calculate the number of moles of Ne and Ar.

n(Ne) = 15.2 g / 20.18 g/mol = 0.755 mol

n(Ar) = 34.8 g / 39.95 g/mol = 0.871 mol

Next, we can use the total number of moles to find the volume of the mixture:

n(total) = n(Ne) + n(Ar) = 0.755 + 0.871 = 1.626 mol

V = nRT / P = (1.626 mol)(8.31 J/mol K)(26.7 + 273.15 K) / (7.24 bar) = 0.0254 m^3, or 25.4 liters.

So the volume occupied by the mixture of 15.2g Ne(g) and 34.8g Ar(g) at 7.24 bar pressure and 26.7°C is approximately 25.4 liters.

Answer:

The velocity of sound in air is dependent on several factors, including temperature, pressure, and humidity. At a temperature of 38°C (100.4°F), the average velocity of sound in air is approximately 343 meters per second (m/s). However, it is important to note that this is just an approximation and the actual velocity can vary depending on the specific conditions. To get a more precise value, you may need to consider the effect of pressure, humidity, and other factors.

The equilibrium concentrations of the gases are:

[H2] = 0.865 M, [CO2] = 0.865 M, [CO] = 1.135M ,[H2O] = 1.135 M.

The sum of the molar concentrations of the reactants (H2 and CO2) is equal to the sum of the molar concentrations of the products (CO and H2O), as expected for a reaction at equilibrium.

The equilibrium concentrations of the four gases can be determined using the equilibrium constant expression and the initial concentrations of the reactants.

The equilibrium constant expression for the reaction is:

K_eq = [CO][H2O]/[H2][CO2]

where the concentrations are in units of M (molarity).

We are given that K_eq = 0.771 at 650 degrees Celsius.

We start by setting up an ICE table (Initial, Change, Equilibrium) to determine the equilibrium concentrations:

                 H2         CO         CO  H2O

Initial 2.00 2.00 0 0

Change    -x            -x       +x     +x

Equil. 2.00-x 2.00-x x x

where "x" is the change in concentration from the initial state to the equilibrium state, and we assume that the reaction proceeds to equilibrium.

Substituting the equilibrium concentrations into the equilibrium constant expression and solving for "x", we get:

K_eq = [CO][H2O]/[H2][CO2] = x^2 / (2.00 - x)^2 = 0.771

Solving for "x" using the quadratic formula, we get:

x = 1.135 M

Therefore, the equilibrium concentrations of the gases are:

[H2] = 0.865 M

[CO2] = 0.865 M

[CO] = 1.135 M

[H2O] = 1.135 M

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The mass percent of water in IrBr₃･4 H₂O is  14.4%.

To find the mass percent of water in  IrBr₃･4 H₂O, first determine the mass of water present in the compound and then divide it by the total mass of the compound and multiply by 100 to express the answer as a percentage.

Let's assume that the molecular weight of IrBr3•4 H2O is 500 g/mol. In that case, the mass of water present in the compound would be 4 x 18 g/mol (the molecular weight of water) = 72 g. The total mass of the compound is 500 g, so the mass percent of water in  IrBr₃･4 H₂O can be calculated as follows:

(72 g / 500 g) x 100 = 14.4%

So, the mass percent of water in IrBr₃･4 H₂O is 14.4%.

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The reaction of AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) is an example of a double replacement reaction.

What happens in a double replacement reaction?

A double replacement reaction, also known as a double displacement reaction, is a type of chemical reaction in which two compounds react to form two new compounds by exchanging their positive ions. The reactants are typically in aqueous form, meaning they are dissolved in water, and the products can be solid, liquid, or aqueous.

In a double replacement reaction, the positive ions of two different compounds (in this case Ag+ and Na+) are exchanged, resulting in the formation of two new compounds (AgCl and NaNO3). The reactants are typically in aqueous form, meaning they are dissolved in water, and the products can be solid, liquid, or aqueous.

Therefore, The reaction of AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) is an example of a double replacement reaction.

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In the reaction N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g) Hydrogen will be the limiting reagent if equal amounts of each reactant are utilized since it is required to produce ammonia at a rate of 3 moles of hydrogen for every mole of nitrogen.

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With respect to the reaction shown, the type of compound that will form is a hemiketal, and the name of the reaction is "hemiketal formation.

A hemiketal is created when an alcohol reacts with a ketone, whereas a hemiacetal is created when an alcohol reacts with an aldehyde.

Organic substances called hemiacetal and hemiketal are hybrid molecules that have an ether group and a hydroxyl group in the same molecule.

The name of reaction that forms hemiketals and hemiacetals is called "hemiacetal formation" or "hemiketal formation," depending on the specific functional group involved.

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Answer:

0.0456 M

Explanation:

The concentration of glucose can be determined as follows:

Step 1: Concentration of glucose in the original solution = Mass of glucose / Volume of solution = 227.9 g / (500.0 mL x 10^-3 L/mL) = 0.456 M

Step 2: Concentration of glucose in the dilute solution = Mass of glucose / Volume of dilute solution = 0.456 M x (16.8 mL x 10^-3 L/mL) / (250.0 mL x 10^-3 L/mL) = 0.0456 M

So, the concentration of glucose in the dilute solution is 0.0456 M to 4 significant figures.

ALLEN

The right response is option B, which involves subtracting the total of the standard entropy changes of the reactants from the total of the standard entropy changes of the products.

Calculating the standard entropy change for a process requires subtracting the sum of the standard entropy changes of the reactants from the sum of the standard entropy changes of the products after the stoichiometric coefficients are taken into account in the balanced equation for the process.

The formula S° = S°(products) - S°(reactants), where S° is the sum of the standard entropy changes of the reactants and products, may be used to determine the standard entropy change for a process. The stoichiometric coefficients in the balanced equation are automatically taken into account throughout the computation since the standard entropy change of the reactants is subtracted from the standard entropy change of the products.

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Since the configuration is such that we call it sinister (left). That inspired the name.

The stereochemistry has to do with the study of the arrangement of the atoms and the groups that are in a compound. In this case, we can see that the compound that we have in the question has an (S) configuration and the meaning of this is that we can be able to arrange the priority groups from the left hand side as shown.

This can now explain to us that since the configuration is sinister then the name of the compound that is under study here can now be called Levetiracetam.

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