In an electric discharge the emission spectra of helium is an example of flame test. light is released with the energy corresponding to the difference in energy between the higher and lower states.
What is emission spectra?Electrons are stimulated to something like a higher energy level when a molecule or atom absorbs energy. When the electron returns to the lower energy level, light is released with the energy corresponding to the difference in energy between the higher and lower states.
Because several levels of energy are available, each electron can experience numerous transitions, each of which produces a distinct wavelength that makes up the emission spectrum. In an electric discharge the emission spectra of helium is an example of flame test.
Therefore, in an electric discharge the emission spectra of helium is an example of flame test.
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the dependence of the rate constant on temperature is expressed by which equation?
The Arrhenius equation. The de Broglie equation. The van't Hoff equation. Temperature has no effect on the rate constant.
The dependence of the rate constant on temperature is expressed by equation i.e. The Arrhenius equation. Hence, the correct option is (a).
The dependence of the rate constant on temperature is expressed by the Arrhenius equation. The Arrhenius equation is a simple mathematical relationship that describes the temperature dependence of the rate constant, k, of a chemical reaction. The equation is given by:
[tex]k = Ae^(-Ea/RT)[/tex]
here,
A is pre-exponential factor,
Ea is activation energy,
R is gas constant,
T is temperature (Kelvin)
The Arrhenius equation states that the rate constant of a reaction increases exponentially with temperature. This means that as the temperature increases, the rate constant also increases, resulting in an increase in the reaction rate. The de Broglie equation describes the relationship between the wavelength and momentum of a particle and is not related to the rate constant of a chemical reaction. The van't Hoff equation is related to the Arrhenius equation and is used to describe the relationship between the reaction rate and temperature for a reaction in solution.
Hence, the Arrhenius equation is the equation that expresses the dependence of the rate constant on temperature.
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Question - The dependence of the rate constant on temperature is expressed by which equation? Choose the correct answer.
(a) The Arrhenius equation.
(b) The de Broglie equation.
(c) The van't Hoff equation.
(d) Temperature has no effect on the rate constant.
.What is the gram-formula mass of a compound if 5 moles of the compound have a mass
of 100 grams?
The gram formula mass of a compound if 5 moles of the compound have a mass of 100 grams would be 20 grams/mole.
What is gram-formula mass?The gram formula mass of a compound is the total weight of all atoms in a molecule or a formula unit of a substance.
It is also the ratio of the mass of a compound and the number of moles present in the mass of the compound.
Gram formula mass = mass/mole
In this case, mass = 100 grams, and mole = 5 moles
Gram formula mass = 100/5
= 20 grams/mole
In other words, the gram formula mass of the compound is 20 grams/mole.
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chronic pesticide exposure has been clearly linked to
Chronic pesticide exposure has been linked to a variety of negative health outcomes, both acute and chronic.
Pesticides are commonly used in agriculture, public health, and residential settings to control insects, rodents, and other pests. However, these chemicals are often toxic and can pose risks to human health, particularly when used inappropriately or without proper safety precautions. One of the most common health effects of chronic pesticide exposure is neurological damage. Pesticides can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and cause damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including headaches, dizziness, memory loss, tremors, and seizures. In addition to neurological effects, chronic pesticide exposure has also been linked to cancer. Several studies have found that exposure to certain pesticides can increase the risk of developing various types of cancer, including lymphoma, leukemia, and breast cancer. Pesticides have also been shown to disrupt the endocrine system, which can lead to a variety of negative health effects, including reproductive problems, developmental delays, and thyroid dysfunction. Children and pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to these effects. Other negative health effects associated with chronic pesticide exposure include respiratory problems, skin irritation, and gastrointestinal problems. These health effects can range from mild to severe, and can have long-term consequences for affected individuals. Given the potential risks associated with chronic pesticide exposure, it is important to take steps to minimize exposure to these chemicals. This may include using alternative pest control methods, wearing protective clothing and equipment when handling pesticides, and following safe handling procedures. Additionally, it is important to be aware of the potential health risks associated with chronic pesticide exposure, and to seek medical attention if symptoms arise.
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MISSED THIS? Watch KCV: The Rate of a Chemical Reaction, IWE: Expressing Reaction Rates; Read Section 15.2. You can click on the Review link to access the section in your eText. The following images depict the evolution of the chemical reactionY→Zover time:└t=∠U st=40 sPart A Compare the reactionY→Zto the reactionA→Bpictured below. Which reaction has the faster rate? Compare the reactionY→Zto the reactionA→Bpictured below. Which reaction has the faster rate?t=0 st=20 st=40 s−00 sMatch the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Att=0 s, the number ofYparticles is the number of A particles. Att=60 s, the number of theZparticles is the number ofBparticles. Therefore, the number ofYparticles turned intoZparticles is the number ofAparticles turned toBparticles for the same amount of time. Therefore, the rate of reactionY→Zis the rate of the reactionA→B. If each dot represents a concentration of0.25M, what is the rate of the reactionY→Zbetween 0 and20 s? Express your answer in moles per liter per second to two significant figures. 3. Incorrect; Try Again; 4 attempts remaining interval and the concentration at the final time of the interval divided by the change in time. Note that, by convention, reaction rates are reported as positive quantities. Part C If each dot represents a concentration of0.25M, what is the rate of the reactionY→Zbetween 40 and60 s? Express your answer in moles per liter per second to two significant figures.
Part A: The reaction Y→Z has a faster rate than the reaction A→B. This is because the dots representing the concentration of Y and Z are changing at a faster rate compared to the dots representing the concentration of A and B.
Part B: At t=0 s, the number of Y particles is equal to the number of A particles. At t=60 s, the number of Z particles is equal to the number of B particles. Therefore, the number of Y particles turned into Z particles is the number of A particles turned into B particles for the same amount of time. Therefore, the rate of reaction Y→Z is the rate of the reaction A→B.
Part C: If each dot represents a concentration of 0.25 M, the rate of the reaction Y→Z between 0 and 20 s can be calculated as follows:
Change in concentration of Y = (4 - 0) x 0.25 M = 1.0 M
Change in time = 20 s
Rate = (1.0 M / 20 s) = 0.050 mol/L/s (to two significant figures)
If each dot represents a concentration of 0.25 M, the rate of the reaction Y→Z between 40 and 60 s can be calculated in a similar way:
Change in concentration of Z = (8 - 4) x 0.25 M = 1.0 M
Change in time = 20 s
Rate = (1.0 M / 20 s) = 0.050 mol/L/s (to two significant figures)
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which experimental procedure(s) must scientists use to determine vmax and km of an enzymatic reaction using the michaelis-menten model? they must ensure that:
To determine the Vmax and Km of an enzymatic reaction using the Michaelis-Menten model, scientists must maintain constant enzyme and reaction times.
monitor the product concentration at different substrate concentrations, and use controls to ensure that observed changes are due to enzymatic activity
1. They only take into account the rate of the first reaction for each substrate concentration.
2. The first substrate concentrations tested are all significantly higher than the initial enzyme concentrations.
— The concentration of substrate at which 12Vmax occurs is Km.
Three underlying premises underlie the Michaelis-Menten equation:
The substrate concentration [S] during the reaction is constant according to the free ligand assumption.
2. The steady-state hypothesis postulates that the amount of ES remains constant during the reaction, allowing the rate of product creation to stay constant.
3. According to the irreversibility assumption, the reaction only moves in one direction and the product cannot be changed back into the substrate.
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a swimming pool whose volume is gal contains water that is ​% chlorine. starting at t​0, city water containing ​% chlorine is pumped into the pool at a rate of ​gal/min. the pool water flows out at the same rate. what is the percentage of chlorine in the pool after ​? when will the pool water be ​% ​chlorine?
the percentage of chlorine in the pool will be % When the amount of chlorine in the pool is equal to the amount that was in the city water.
The pool has a total volume of gal, and it is initially filled with water containing % chlorine. Starting at t0, city water containing % chlorine is pumped into the pool at a rate of gal/min. At the same time, the pool water flows out of the pool at the same rate.
After minutes, the pool will contain % chlorine. This can be determined by calculating the amount of chlorine that will be in the pool after minutes, which is calculated by adding the amount of chlorine that was initially in the pool and the amount of chlorine that will be added to the pool from the city water. When the amount of chlorine in the pool is equal to the amount that was in the city water, the percentage of chlorine in the pool will be %.
When the pool water reaches % chlorine, this will happen after minutes. This can be determined by calculating the amount of chlorine that will be in the pool after minutes, which is calculated by subtracting the amount of chlorine that was initially in the pool, and adding the amount of chlorine that will be added to the pool from the city water. When the amount of chlorine in the pool is equal to the amount that was in the city water, the percentage of chlorine in the pool will be %.
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Select the gas with the highest average kinetic energy per mole at 298 K. (Please EXPLAIN )? a) O2b) CO2c) H2Od) H2Oe) All have the same kinetic energry.
The gas which have highest average kinetic energy per mole at 298K is b)CO₂.So,correct option is b.
The kinetic energy of gases is a straightforward, generally critical traditional model of the thermodynamic way of behaving of gases, with which numerous foremost ideas of thermodynamics were laid out. The model depicts a gas as an enormous number of indistinguishable submicroscopic particles (iotas or atoms), which are all in consistent, fast, irregular movement. Their size is thought to be a lot more modest than the typical distance between the particles. The particles go through irregular flexible impacts among themselves and with the encasing walls of the compartment. The fundamental rendition of the model depicts the best gas, and thinks about no different communications between the particles.
The kinetic energy of gases makes sense of the perceptible properties of gases, like volume, pressure, and temperature, as well as transport properties like consistency, warm conductivity and mass diffusivity. Because of the time reversibility of minute elements (minuscule reversibility), the motor hypothesis is likewise associated with the guideline of nitty gritty equilibrium, concerning the variance dissemination hypothesis (for Brownian movement) and the Onsager proportional relations.
We know that average kinetic energy is given by the formula =(1/2) mv²
Since temperature is same for all gases, so speed will remain same.
Now,molecular mass will be deciding factor.So,gas which have high molecular mass will have more average kinetic energy.
Molecular mass of O₂=32g
Molecular mass of CO₂=44g
Molecular mass of H₂O(g)=18g
Molecular mass of H₂O(l)=18g
Hence,option b is correct.
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What cellular process creates glucose and oxygen?
Photosynthesis is the term for the biological process that produces glucose and oxygen.
In plants and other photosynthetic organisms, a metabolic process known as photosynthesis uses light energy to change carbon dioxide and water into glucose as well as oxygen.
Light energy is collected and utilized in the plant cell's chloroplasts to change carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, which are subsequently released as byproducts.
All living things depend on photosynthesis because it not only produces glucose and oxygen but also produces the oxygen that fills the Earth's atmosphere. Life as we understand it would not exist without photosynthesis.
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The most abundant minerals on Earth belong to the chemical group termed the a) Silicates b) Carbonates c) Halides d) Oxides
The Silicates are a class of chemicals that includes the most prevalent minerals on Earth.
What is the mineral group that is most prevalent on Earth?Over 90% of the crust of the Earth is made up of the roughly 1,000 silicate minerals. The largest mineral group by far is the silicate family. The two silicate minerals that are most prevalent are feldspar and quartz. Both minerals are very widespread rock-forming minerals.
Why are silicates the minerals that are most common on Earth?Silicate minerals are exceptionally stable and prevalent in crustal rocks and sediments because oxygen and silicon are the two most plentiful elements in the Earth's crust and because the (SiO4) tetrahedron is such a stable complex. They predominate in numerous sedimentary rocks as well as igneous and metamorphic rocks.
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a stopper was found to have a mass of 5.06 g. when placed in a graduated cylinder containing 45.2 ml of water, the volume of the stopper and water was found to be 49.4 ml. calculate the density of the stopper. enter your final answer with two (2) significant figures.
The density of an object is its mass divided by volume. The mass of a the stopper is given 5.06 g with a volume of 4.2 ml . Then the density of the stopper is 1.2 g/ml.
What is density ?Density of substance is the measure of its mass per unit volume. It describes how closely its particles are packed. Density depends on the bond type, temperature and pressure.
Volume of the object is the space occupied by its particles. Volume can be expressed in L, ml, cm³, dm³ etc. Only solids and liquids has a definite volume and the volume of gases is that of the container.
Give that, volume of water = 45.2 ml
Total volume = 49.4 ml.
then volume of stopper = 49.4 - 45.2 = 4.2 ml.
Mass of stopper = 5.06 kg
density = mass/volume
= 5.06 g / 4.2 ml
= 1.2 g/ml
Therefore, the density of the stopper is 1.2 g/ml.
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the thermometer you use to measure the freezing temperature of the solvent actually records a temperature that is 0.12c too high. unfortunately you break this thermometer and borrow a fellow students thermometer, which reads 0.11c too low. if the molality of your solution is 0.30, calculate the contribution to the percentage error in your result due to not correcting for the errors in the thermometer readings.
The contribution to the percentage error in the freezing point depression due to the errors in the thermometer readings is 1.76%.
The freezing point depression is a colligative property that depends only on the molality of the solute particles in a solution and is independent of the identity of the solute. Therefore, the freezing point depression is given by the equation:
ΔTf = Kf x molality
where ΔTf is the change in the freezing point, Kf is the freezing point depression constant for the solvent, and molality is the concentration of solute particles in moles per kilogram of solvent.
However, in this case, there are errors in the thermometer readings that can contribute to the uncertainty in the calculated freezing point depression. The errors are +0.12°C for the initial thermometer and -0.11°C for the borrowed thermometer.
The total error due to thermometer readings is the sum of the errors from both thermometers, which is:
Total error = +0.12°C - 0.11°C = +0.01°C
The percentage error due to the thermometer readings can be calculated as:
Percentage error = (total error / measured freezing point) x 100%
The measured freezing point is the sum of the actual freezing point depression and the error due to the thermometer readings. Assuming that the actual freezing point depression was accurately measured, the measured freezing point can be expressed as:
Measured freezing point = actual freezing point depression + total error
Since the molality of the solution is given as 0.30, the actual freezing point depression can be calculated using the freezing point depression constant for the solvent.
Assuming a typical freezing point depression constant for the water of 1.86°C/m, the actual freezing point depression would be:
actual freezing point depression = Kf x molality = 1.86°C/m x 0.30 mol/kg = 0.558°C
Therefore, the measured freezing point would be:
Measured freezing point = actual freezing point depression + total error = 0.558°C + 0.01°C = 0.568°C
The percentage error due to the thermometer readings would be:
Percentage error = (total error / measured freezing point) x 100% = (0.01°C / 0.568°C) x 100% = 1.76%
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a doctor orders 120. ml of 4 % (m/v) ibuprofen. if you have 10. % (m/v) ibuprofen on hand, how many milliliters do you need? express the volume to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.
When we have 10% (m/v) ibuprofen on hand, we have to add 48ml of 10% (m/v) solution.
Lets say, we need 'x' ml of ibuprofen
the molecular weight of ibuprofen = 206.29 g/mol
now we know 4%(m/v) ibuprofen means 100ml of the total solution contains 4g of ibuprofen = 4g/206.29g/mol
= [tex]\frac{4}{206.29}[/tex]mol of ibuprofen
100 ml contains = [tex]\frac{4}{206.29}[/tex]mol
therefore 120 ml contains = = [tex]\frac{4}{206.29}[/tex] x 120 mol........(1)
10% (m/v) means 100ml contains mol
therefore we know 'x' ml is
10/206.29 × x mol........(ii)
we can say that (i) = (ii)
so we get,
120×4 = 10x
10x = 480
x = 48
so now we have to add 48ml of 10% (m/v) solution.
S₁×v₁ = S₂v₂
∴4 × 120 = 8 × v₂
v₂ = 48
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pasteurization was first developed to kill __________ in wine.
Pasteurization was first developed to kill spoilage bacteria in wine.
What is Pasteurization?Pasteurization is a procedure in which a liquid is subjected to a high temperature for a certain time and then cooled rapidly in order to destroy the microorganisms present in it without altering the qualities of the liquid.
Pasteurization was first developed by Louis Pasteur to kill spoilage bacteria in wine. Before the pasteurization process was developed, wine contained bacteria that caused fermentation leading to unpleasant flavors and toxins dangerous to humans.
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Which change occurs with the largest increase in entropy at 25oC25oC?A. Br2(l)→Br2(g)Br2(l)→Br2(g)B. C(graphite)→C(diamond)C(graphite)→C(diamond)C. H2O(s)→H2O(l)H2O(s)→H2O(l)D. HCl(g)+H2O(l)→H3O+(aq)+Cl−(aq)HCl(g)+H2O(l)→H3O+(aq)+Cl−(aq)
The largest change in entropy will be in c) C(graphite) -----> C(diamond).So,correct option is c.
Entropy is a logical idea, as well as a quantifiable actual property, that is generally usually connected with a condition of turmoil, haphazardness, or vulnerability. The term and the idea are utilized in assorted fields, from traditional thermodynamics, where it was first perceived, to the minuscule depiction of nature in measurable material science, and to the standards of data hypothesis. It has found far-going applications in science and physical science, in natural frameworks and their connection to life, in cosmology, financial aspects, social science, climate science, environmental change, and data frameworks remembering the transmission of data for telecommunication.
The thermodynamic idea was alluded to by Scottish researcher and designer William Rankine in 1850 with the names thermodynamic capability and intensity potential. In 1865, German physicist Rudolf Clausius, one of the main pioneers behind the field of thermodynamics, characterized it as the remainder of a little measure of intensity to the prompt temperature.
Hence,correct option is c.
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(Complete question) is:
Which change occurs with the largest increase in entropy at 25°C?
a)Br₂(l)----->Br₂(g)
b)Br₂(g)-------->Br(l)
c)C(graphite)-------->C(diamond)
d)H₂O(s)-------->H₂O(l)
For the first-order reaction 2N2O5 -> 2N2O4 + O2 at a particular temperature. The half-life of N2O5 is 0. 90 hours. What fraction of the initial concentration of N2O5 will remain after 2. 4 hours?
After 2.4 hours, only 15.8% of the initial concentration of N2O5 will remain when first-order reaction 2N2O5 -> 2N2O4 + O2 at a particular temperature. The half-life of N2O5 is 0. 90 hours.
The first-order reaction 2N2O5 -> 2N2O4 + O2 has a rate constant k that can be determined using the half-life of N2O5. The half-life of a first-order reaction is given by the equation:
t1/2 = ln(2) / k
where t1/2 is the half-life and ln is the natural logarithm.
Substituting the given half-life of 0.90 hours into this equation, we can solve for the rate constant k:
0.90 = ln(2) / k
k = ln(2) / 0.90
k = 0.77 / hour
Now we can use the integrated rate law for a first-order reaction to determine the fraction of the initial concentration of N2O5 that will remain after 2.4 hours:
ln([N2O5]t/[N2O5]0) = -kt
where [N2O5]t is the concentration of N2O5 at time t, [N2O5]0 is the initial concentration of N2O5, and k is the rate constant.
We want to find [N2O5]t/[N2O5]0 when t = 2.4 hours. We know that t1/2 = 0.90 hours, so after one half-life (0.90 hours), the concentration of N2O5 will be reduced to half its initial value. After two half-lives (1.80 hours), the concentration will be reduced to one quarter of its initial value, and so on. We can use this information to determine that 2.4 hours is equal to 2.67 half-lives:
2.4 hours / 0.90 hours per half-life = 2.67 half-lives
Substituting this value into the integrated rate law, we get:
ln([N2O5]t/[N2O5]0) = -kt
ln([N2O5]t/[N2O5]0) = -(0.77 / hour) x (2.4 hours)
ln([N2O5]t/[N2O5]0) = -1.85
Taking the antilogarithm of both sides, we get:
[N2O5]t/[N2O5]0 = e^-1.85
[N2O5]t/[N2O5]0 = 0.158
Therefore, after 2.4 hours, only 15.8% of the initial concentration of N2O5 will remain.
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unless otherwise instructed, you may use the periodic table in the chemistry: problems and solutions book for this question. if you want to make 0.5 l of a 0.01 m solution of bromine (br2) in water, how much bromine would you need? responses 0.8 moles 0.8 moles 0.8 grams 0.8 grams 1.6 moles 1.6 moles 1.6 grams
If you want to make 0.5 liters (0.5 L) of a 0.01 molar (0.01 M) solution of bromine (Br2) in water, you would need 0.8 moles of bromine.
The number of moles of a substance in a solution can be calculated using the following formula:
mole number = concentration (in M) * volume (in L)
For this solution, we have:
number of moles = 0.01 M * 0.5 L = 0.005 moles.Since bromine is a diatomic molecule, its formula weight is the sum of the atomic weights of its two atoms, which is 2(79.904 g/mol) = 159.808 g/mol.
Therefore, the mass of 0.8 moles of bromine would be:
0.8 moles * 159.808 g/mol = 127.046 g
So, the answer is 1.6 moles or 127.046 grams.
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Which substances leave the blood by diffusing directly through the plasma membrane of endothelial cells?
-Carbon dioxide
-Steroid hormones
-Oxygen
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are two substances that can diffuse directly from the blood through the plasma membrane of endothelial cells.
After exiting circulation, red blood cells transport oxygen, which is required for aerobic respiration, and this oxygen diffuses into the body's cells.
Carbon dioxide is produced as a byproduct of cellular respiration and diffuses into the bloodstream from the cells. In contrast to carbon dioxide and oxygen steroid hormones are too large to diffuse through the membrane instead they must be transferred into or out of the cell by a specific carrier molecule known as a transporter protein.
As a result, steroid hormones do not rapidly diffuse past the plasma membrane of endothelial cells and depart the body.
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What is meant by redox reaction?
Answer:
A redox reaction, also known as oxidation-reduction reaction, is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of a molecule changes due to the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another molecule.
Answer:
A chemical reaction that takes place between an oxidizing substance and a reducing substance.
Explanation:
Which of the following is true for all exergonic reactions?
A) The products have more total energy than the reactants.
B) The reactions proceed with a net release of free energy.
C) The reactions are always rapid.
D) The reactions only occur in certain organelles called exergonomes.
B) The reactions proceed with a net release of free energy.
Exergonic reactions are those that release energy.
In these reactions, the products have less potential energy than the reactants, and the difference between the two is given off as free energy that can be harnessed to do work. This means that the products have lower free energy than the reactants.
For a reaction to be exergonic, the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) must be negative, which indicates that the reaction is spontaneous and will proceed without the input of additional energy. This is in contrast to endergonic reactions, which require an input of energy to proceed.
The rate of exergonic reactions can vary widely, and they may occur at different rates depending on the specific conditions of the reaction, such as temperature, concentration, and catalysts.
Exergonic reactions are important in many biological processes, including the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration, the hydrolysis of ATP to provide energy for cellular processes, and the digestion of food.
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lysine is an essential amino acid. one experiment showed that each molecule of lysine contains two nitrogen atoms. another experiment showed that lysine contains 19.2% n, 9.64% h, 49.3% c, and 21.9% o by mass. what is the molecular formula for lysine?
The molecular formula for lysine is [tex]C6H14N2O2[/tex] which in one experiment showed that each molecule of lysine contains two nitrogen atoms while the other contains 19.2% N, 9.64% H, 49.3% C, and 21.9% O by mass.
The molecular formula for lysine is calculated using the percentages of each element.
Given for nitrogen, the mass percentage = 19.2%
The atomic mass of nitrogen (N) known = (14.01 g/mol)
The number of atoms of nitrogen = 19.2/14.01 = 1.38 ≈ 2
For hydrogen, the mass percentage = (9.64%)
the atomic mass of hydrogen (H) known = (1.01 g/mol)
The number of atoms of hydrogen = 9.64/1.01 = 9.54 ≈ 10
For carbon, the mass percentage = (49.3%)
the atomic mass of carbon (C) known = (12.01 g/mol)
The number of atoms of carbon = 49.3/12.01 = 4.11 ≈ 6
For oxygen, the mass percentage = (21.9%)
the atomic mass of oxygen (O) known = (16.00 g/mol)
The number of atoms of oxygen =21.9/16 = 1.36 ≈ 2
Therefore, the molecular formula of lysine is [tex]C6H14N2O2[/tex].
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PLEASE ANSWERRRR I need to know the correct answer and how to get it step by step
The wavelength of the single photon of UV-A electromagnetic radiation is 3.2×10⁻⁵ cm (2nd option)
How do I determine the wavelength of the single photon of UV-A?We'll begin by obtaining the frequency of the single photon of UV-A. Details below:
Energy (E) = 6.2×10⁻¹⁹ JPlanck's constant (h) = 6.626×10⁻³⁴ JsFrequency (f) =?Energy (E) = Planck's constant (h) × frequency (f)
E = hf
6.2×10⁻¹⁹ = 6.626×10⁻³⁴ × f
Divide both sides by 6.626×10⁻³⁴
f = 6.2×10⁻¹⁹ / 6.626×10⁻³⁴
f = 9.36×10¹⁴ Hz
Finally, we shall determine the wavelength of the single photon of UV-A. Details below:
Frequency (f) = 9.36×10¹⁴ Hz Speed of wave (v) = 3×10⁸ m/sWavelength (λ) = ?Velocity (v) = wavelength (λ) × frequency (f)
3×10⁸ = wavelength × 9.36×10¹⁴
Divide both sides by 9.36×10¹⁴
λ = 3×10⁸ / 9.36×10¹⁴
λ = 3.2×10⁻⁷ m
Multiply by 100 to express in meter (m)
λ = 3.2×10⁻⁷ × 100
λ = 3.2×10⁻⁵ cm
Thus, the wavelength is 3.2×10⁻⁵ cm (2nd option)
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please help tysm! this is a study island :)
Answer:
nevermind it was B got it right :)
Explanation:
have a good
electron orbital transition a produces light with a wavelength of 690 nm. transition b involves half the energy of transition a. what wavelength (in nm) is the light it produces?
As electron orbital transition a produces light with a wavelength of 690 nm, the wavelength of the light produced by transition b is 1380 nm.
Calculating the Wavelength of Light Produced by Electron Orbital TransitionsThe energy of a photon is inversely proportional to its wavelength, so we can use the fact that transition b involves half the energy of transition a to determine the wavelength of the light it produces.
The energy of transition b is half that of transition a, so the wavelength of the light produced by transition b will be twice that of transition a. Therefore, the wavelength of the light produced by transition b is:
Wavelength b = 2 x Wavelength a
Wavelength b = 2 x 690 nm
Wavelength b = 1380 nm
So, the wavelength of the light produced by transition b is 1380 nm.
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Answer:
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in lab you're required to make 250.0 ml of a 1.7 m naoh solution. how many grams of naoh should you measure out to make the solution
you need to measure out 17.0 grams of NaOH to prepare a 1.7 M solution of 250.0 mL.
To calculate the amount of NaOH needed to prepare a 1.7 M solution of 250.0 mL, we can use the formula:
moles of solute = concentration (in M) x volume (in L)
First, we need to convert the volume from milliliters to liters:
250.0 mL = 250.0 / 1000 = 0.25 L
Now, we can plug in the values:
moles of NaOH = 1.7 M x 0.25 L
moles of NaOH = 0.425 mol
Finally, we can calculate the mass of NaOH required using its molar mass:
mass of NaOH = moles of NaOH x molar mass of NaOH
The molar mass of NaOH is 40.00 g/mol (sodium: 22.99 g/mol, oxygen: 15.99 g/mol, hydrogen: 1.01 g/mol).
mass of NaOH = 0.425 mol x 40.00 g/mol
mass of NaOH = 17.0 g
Therefore, To calculate the amount of NaOH needed to prepare a 1.7 M solution of 250.0 mL, we can use the formula:
moles of solute = concentration (in M) x volume (in L)
First, we need to convert the volume from milliliters to liters:
250.0 mL = 250.0 / 1000 = 0.25 L
Now, we can plug in the values:
moles of NaOH = 1.7 M x 0.25 L
moles of NaOH = 0.425 mol
Finally, we can calculate the mass of NaOH required using its molar mass:
mass of NaOH = moles of NaOH x molar mass of NaOH
The molar mass of NaOH is 40.00 g/mol (sodium: 22.99 g/mol, oxygen: 15.99 g/mol, hydrogen: 1.01 g/mol).
mass of NaOH = 0.425 mol x 40.00 g/mol
mass of NaOH = 17.0 g
Therefore, you need to measure out 17.0 grams of NaOH to prepare a 1.7 M solution of 250.0 mL.
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in the lab you measured the initial mass of hydrated to be 9.5 grams. after heating the substance to a constant mass, you measure the final mass of the anhydrate to be 3.77 g. determine the percent by mass of water in the hydrated.
The percent by mass of water in the hydrated compound is 60.3%.
What is percentage by mass?Percentage by mass is a way to express the concentration of a solution or the composition of a mixture as a percentage of the total mass of the solution or mixture. It is calculated by dividing the mass of the solute or component of interest by the total mass of the solution or mixture and multiplying by 100%.
The formula for percentage by mass is:
Percentage by mass = (Mass of solute or component / Total mass of solution or mixture) x 100%
The mass of water in the hydrated compound can be calculated by subtracting the final mass of the anhydrate from the initial mass of the hydrated:
Mass of water = Initial mass of hydrated - Final mass of anhydrate Mass of water = 9.5 g - 3.77 g Mass of water = 5.73 g
The percent by mass of water in the hydrated compound can be calculated using the following formula:
Percent by mass = (Mass of water / Initial mass of hydrated) x 100%
Substituting the values we get:
Percent by mass = (5.73 g / 9.5 g) x 100% Percent by mass = 60.3%
Therefore, the percent by mass of water in the hydrated compound is 60.3%.
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assuming that both a and b are kept at constant concentrations a and b, show that the law of mass action leads to an equation of the form x c ?
The law of mass action is a fundamental principle in chemistry that relates the concentrations of reactants and products in a chemical reaction to the rate of that reaction.
It states that the rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the product of the concentrations of the reactants, with each concentration raised to a power equal to its stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
For a chemical reaction of the form:
aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD
where A, B, C, and D are the chemical species involved in the reaction, the law of mass action can be expressed as follows:
rate = k [A]²a [B]²b
where k is the rate constant for the reaction, [A] and [B] are the concentrations of the reactants A and B, respectively, and a and b are their stoichiometric coefficients in the balanced chemical equation.
Assuming that both [A] and [B] are kept at constant concentrations, the equation reduces to:
rate = k [A]²a [B]²b = k [A]²a [B]_0²b
where [B]_0 is the initial concentration of B.
Now, let's define x as the concentration of A that has reacted (i.e., the concentration of A that has been consumed in the reaction). Since the reaction is stoichiometrically balanced, we know that the concentration of B that has reacted is b*x/a. Therefore, the concentration of A and B at any given time can be expressed as follows:
[A] = [A]_0 - x
[B] = [B]_0 - b*x/a
Substituting these expressions into the rate equation, we get:
rate = k ([A]_0 - x)²a ([B]_0 - b*x/a)²b
Expanding this expression using the binomial theorem and simplifying, we get:
rate = k [A]_0²a [B]_0²b (1 - ax/[A]_0)²(a-1) (1 - bx/[B]_0)²(b-1)
At low concentrations of x, we can approximate the terms in parentheses using their first-order Taylor series expansions:
(1 - a*x/[A]_0)²(a-1) ≈ 1 - (a-1)*x/[A]_0
(1 - b*x/[B]_0)²(b-1) ≈ 1 - (b-1)*x/[B]_0
Substituting these approximations into the rate equation, we get:
rate ≈ k [A]_0²a [B]_0²b (1 - ax/[A]_0) (1 - bx/[B]_0)
Expanding and simplifying, we get:
rate ≈ k [A]_0²a [B]_0²b - k [A]_0²a [B]_0²b (a/b)x + k [A]_0²a [B]_0²b (a/b)(a-1)/2 * x²2
This is an equation of the form:
rate = A - Bx + Cx²2
where A, B, and C are constants that depend on the reaction conditions. This equation describes a quadratic relationship between the rate of the reaction and the concentration of A that has reacted (i.e., the extent of the reaction).
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during the redox reaction in glycolysis, which one of the molecules is getting oxidized?during the redox reaction in glycolysis, which one of the molecules is getting oxidized?
During the redox reaction in glycolysis, the molecule that gets oxidized is glucose. The redox reactions in glycolysis play a crucial role in the breakdown of glucose and the production of energy.
The Redox Reactions in Glycolysis and the Oxidation of GlucoseGlycolysis is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing energy in the form of ATP and NADH. Redox reactions are an essential part of this process, as they involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another. In glycolysis, there are two redox reactions that occur, and both involve the coenzyme NAD+. In the first reaction, glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate by the addition of a phosphate group. This reaction also involves the oxidation of glucose, which means that it loses electrons and becomes a more positively charged molecule. As a result, NAD+ is reduced to NADH, as it accepts the electrons that are released by the oxidation of glucose.
In the second redox reaction, the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate also involves the transfer of electrons. This time, NAD+ is again reduced to NADH, as it accepts the electrons that are released by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. This reaction is also important because it generates a high-energy molecule, 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, which can be used to produce ATP.
In conclusion, the redox reactions in glycolysis play a crucial role in the breakdown of glucose and the production of energy. Through the oxidation of glucose and the reduction of NAD+, glycolysis generates ATP and NADH, which are important molecules for cellular respiration. Understanding these reactions is essential for understanding the basic mechanisms of metabolism and energy production in living organisms.
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What is the mass in grams of a 2. 65 mol sample of sodium phosphide, Na3P
264.841g Na3P
1) Find total mass of 1 mol Na3P:
3 × 22.99 (molar mass of Na) = 68.97g
1 × 30.97 (molar mass of P) = 30.97g
68.97g + 30.97g = 99.94g
2) Find mass in grams of 2.65 mol Na3P:
2.65 mol Na3P × (99.94g/1 mol) = 264.841g Na3P
gram staining property of a bacterium is dependent on
Gram staining property of a bacterium is dependent on the structure of its cell wall, which either retains or loses the crystal violet dye during the staining process.
Gram staining is a laboratory technique used to differentiate bacterial species into two groups based on the structure of their cell walls: Gram-positive and Gram-negative. During the staining process, the bacterial cells are initially stained with crystal violet, then treated with iodine, and washed with alcohol. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, which allows them to retain the crystal violet stain and appear purple under a microscope. In contrast, Gram-negative bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane that contains lipopolysaccharides, which causes them to lose the crystal violet stain and appear red or pink under a microscope. The Gram staining property of a bacterium is important for identifying and classifying bacterial species, as well as for selecting appropriate antibiotic treatments.
Peptidoglycan is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like structure in the cell wall of bacteria, providing rigidity and protection against osmotic pressure. Lipopolysaccharides are complex molecules that are part of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, contributing to their structural integrity and resistance to antibiotics.
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