In order to combat the cold here on campus, you may have seen OSU facilities use a brine solution to de-ice the roads and sidewalks. Brine, a concentrated salt solution, better prevents and eliminates ice from the roads, but can be more costly to store and disburse along the roadways. Why is brine a more effective de-ice solution than solid ice melt products? Select all that apply. a.Brine is NOT more effective than traditional ice melt products. b. Since brine is already a solution, the Van't Hoff Factor is higher than solid salt, making the freezing point depression greater. c. Brine is a higher concentration than solid salts, making the freezing point depression greater.d. Freezing point depression requires a solution to occur. Brine starts as a solution, where solid salt must form a solution first. e. The brine solution can more evenly coat the surface of the road, making the ice prevention more widespread.

Answer:

Because they have the same arrangement of atoms in space. Both have a straight line or a flat triangular arrangement of atoms, respectively, with bond angles of 180° and 120° respectively. In 2-dimensional drawings, it is not possible to see the differences in the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms, so both linear and trigonal planar molecules appear as a straight line or a flat triangle. However, in three dimensions, it is possible to see the differences in the arrangement of the bonds and the orientation of the molecule in space, allowing us to distinguish between linear and trigonal planar molecules.

Explanation:

Tell me if you still confuse

ALLEN

When the pressure is lowered to 120 mmHg, the gas's new volume is 140.33 L.

Charle's law, Boyle's law, and Gay-Lussac law are the three gas laws that make up the combined gas law, commonly referred to as a general gas equation. For a certain amount of gas, the law illustrates the relationship between temperature, volume, and pressure.

(P1xV1)/T1 = (P2xV2)/T2

where:

P1 = initial pressure = 760 mmHg

V1 = initial volume = 22.2 L

P2 = final pressure = 120 mmHg

V2 = final volume (unknown)

T1 = initial temperature (not given, but assumed constant)

T2 = final temperature (not given, but assumed constant)

We can solve for V2 by rearranging the equation as follows:

V2 = (P1xV1xT2)/(P2xT1)

T2/T1 = 1 since it is assumed that the temperature is constant, which allows us to simplify the equation to:

V2 = (P1 x V1) / P2

replacing the specified values:

V2 = (760 mmHg x 22.2 L) / 120 mmHg = 140.33 L

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As per balanced reaction 4 moles of potassium nitrate gives 5 moles of oxygen. So Here 0.724 moles of oxygen is formed

The balanced reaction for the decomposition of potassium nitrate is as follows

4KNO₃ -------------> 2K₂0 + 2N₂ + 5O₂

4 moles of potassium nitrate gives 5 moles of oxygen.

Molar mass of KNO₃ = 101.11 g/mol

Mass of KNO₃ decomposed = 58.6 g

Number of moles of KNO₃ = Mass of KNO₃/ molar mass of KNO₃

                                            = 58.6 / 101.11 = 0.579 moles

Ratio of KNO₃ : O₂ = 4:5

4/5 = 0.579/x

x = 0.579 × 5/4  = 0.724 moles

So when 0.579 moles of potassium nitrate decomposes 0.724 moles of oxygen is formed.

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Silicon. With silicon accounting for over 95% of the modules supplied today, silicon is by far the most prevalent semiconductor material used in solar cells.

Solar energy is the radiant light and heat from the Sun that is captured by a variety of technologies, including solar architecture, solar thermal energy, and solar power to produce electricity.

Simply said, solar energy is the heat and light emitted by the sun. Several methods exist for utilizing the energy that the sun provides: Using photovoltaic cells, sunlight may be converted into power. solar thermal technique, in which hot water or steam is produced using solar energy.

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The average kinetic energy of gas particles is proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas, and all gases have the same average kinetic energy at the same temperature.

The temperature of a substance is defined as the average kinetic energy of all of its atoms or molecules. A substance's particles do not all have the same kinetic energy.
The average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance is measured by temperature. It is a typical particle's kinetic energy. Thermal equilibrium occurs when two substances have the same temperature.
The average kinetic energy of gas particles is proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas, and all gases have the same average kinetic energy at the same temperature.

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The formulas of the compounds that were shown are;

CaCl2

K2S

AlBr3

BeF2

MgS

Ionic compounds are a type of chemical compound made up of ions, which are atoms or molecules that have a positive or negative charge due to the gain or loss of electrons. In ionic compounds, positive ions (cations) are typically metal atoms, while negative ions (anions) are typically non-metal atoms. These ions are held together in a crystal lattice structure by strong electrostatic forces, forming a solid, crystalline substance.

Ionic compounds typically have high melting and boiling points, and they are often soluble in water. They are also typically poor conductors of electricity in the solid state, but good conductors in the melted or dissolved state due to the movement of ions.

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M → Mt + e The reaction represents​ oxidation reaction.The loss of electron is called as oxidation.

When it was discovered that the substance loses electrons when oxidized, the meaning was expanded to include other reactions in which electrons are lost, regardless of whether oxygen is involved.

Because any loss of electrons by one substance must be followed by an increase in electrons by another, oxidation and reduction always occur concurrently.

The reaction that the equation M ⇒ Mt + e- represents it is oxidation. M has lost an electron, and is the reducing agent in this equation.

Thus, this equation represents oxidation reaction.

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There is a nucleus at the center of an atom and inside the nucleus, there is protons and neutrons which constantly move around.

We all know that an atom is made up of three smaller particles, also knows as the electrons, protons and neutrons.

Electrons are the negatively charged particles that spin around the positive center of the atom in circles called energy levels. Its also know that their mass is so less its nearly zero. On the other hand, protons are positively charged whereas neutrons have no charge.

We know that protons and neutrons are contained in the nucleus of the atom which move around the center of an atom.

Therefore, we know the nucleus has an overall positive charge as it contains protons.

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In contrast, metals, nonmetals, and metalloids are the three primary categories of elements. Metalloids often lie between metals and nonmetals in the periodic table, hence the phrase "semi-conductors."

Elements are the fundamental constituents of matter. They are pure chemicals that cannot be chemically divided into more basic substances. The periodic table contains 118 known elements, each of which has a distinct atomic number, chemical symbol, and set of physical and chemical properties. The periodic table arranges the elements according to their atomic makeup and electron configurations. Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids are the three primary categories of elements. Metals are typically ductile and malleable materials that transfer heat and electricity well. Nonmetals are not malleable or ductile and often perform poorly as heat and electrical conductors. The characteristics of metalloids fall in between those of metals and nonmetals.

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What are metalloids, and why are they sometimes referred to as semiconductors?

When an atom of chlorine and an atom of hydrogen become a molecule of hydrogen chloride a chemical bond is formed and energy is released.

Chemical Bonding refers to the conformation of a chemical bond between two or further tittles, motes, or ions to give rise to a chemical emulsion. These chemical bonds are what keep the tittles together in the influencing emulsion.

During the bond conformation, when reactant tittles come closer to form chemical bonds, the energy is relased to minimize the aversion between the tittles.

Since the system tends to release energy when a chemical bond is established, the enthalpy change in this script will be negative.

In the implicit energy wind during the conformation of a chemical bond, the energy is negative at equilibrium distance which indicates that energy is released during the conformation of a bond.

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The Mass percent (m/m) = (14.85/264.85) x 100 = 5.59 %.

Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object. It is often measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g). Mass is related to weight, which is the measure of the force of gravity on an object. While weight can change depending on the gravitational pull of the planet or object it is on, mass remains the same.

The number of moles of solute present can be calculated from the given information.
Number of moles = 0.254 moles
The mass of the solute can be calculated using the formula:
Mass of solute = Number of moles x Molecular mass
Molecular mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol
Therefore, Mass of solute = 0.254 x 58.44 = 14.85 g
The mass percent (m/m) of the solution can be calculated using the formula:
Mass percent (m/m) = (Mass of solute/Total mass of solution) x 100
Total mass of solution = Mass of water + Mass of solute
= 250 g + 14.85 g
= 264.85 g
Therefore, Mass percent (m/m) = (14.85/264.85) x 100 = 5.59 %

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Answer: chlorofluorocarbon

Explanation:

chlorofluorocarbon

Answer:

Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) are greenhouse gases. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are also considered greenhouse gases, but they are now largely banned due to their damaging effects on the ozone layer.

Explanation:

Mass spectrometry distinguishes reactants from products by comparing their molecular ion peaks based on molecular weight.

Mass spectrometry can be utilized to recognize reactants from items in a substance response by dissecting the sub-atomic particle pinnacles of the mixtures. The sub-atomic particle pinnacle of a compound addresses the mass-to-charge proportion (m/z) of the particle that is framed when the compound is ionized.

By looking at the sub-atomic particle pinnacles of the beginning materials with those of the items, one can recognize the interesting sub-atomic particle pinnacle of the beginning materials and the items, separately. This takes into account the reactants and items to be recognized and distinguished in view of their sub-atomic weight. By looking at the mass spectra of the reactants and items, one can decide the degree of the response and the character of the items framed.

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The volume of the container that has a pressure of 30 atm, with 1.5 moles at 2000K is 8.2L (option B).

The volume of a gas can be calculated using the Avogadro's law equation as follows:

PV = nRT

Where;

According to this question, a container has a pressure at 30 atm, with 1.5 moles at 2000K. The volume is calculated thus;

30 × V = 1.5 × 0.0821 × 2000

30V = 246.3

V = 246.3 ÷ 30 = 8.21L

Therefore, option B is the answer.

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Grams of iodine must be dissolved in 725 ml of carbon disulfide to produce a 0.236 m solution is 0.015.

Molality = moles of solute / mass of solvent (kg)  .................(i)

Here molality of I2 solution  = 0.236

Density of solvent  [CS2] = 1.262 g/ml

Volume of sovent [CS2] = 725 mL

Mass of solvent = Density * Volume = 1.262 * 725 = 914.95 g / 1000g = 0.91495 kg

Formula (i) can also be written as moles of solute = Molality * mass of solvent  = 0.236 * 0.91495 = 0.2159282

Moles of solute = mass /  Molecular mass

mass of Iodine = moles * molecular mass = 0.2159282 * 253.8089 = 54.8044989 g = 54.80 kg

21.7% C2H5OH aqueous solution by mass means 21.7 g of C2H5OH is present in 100 g of solution

Molar mass of C2H5OH = 46 g /molMole fraction , Xn = moles of component  / Total moles in solution

No. of moles of C2H5OH = mass / molar mass  = 21.7 / 46 = 0.4717

Molar mass of H2O = 18 g / mol

Mass of H2O in solution = 100 - 21.7 = 78.3 g

No. of moles of H2O  = mass / molar mass  = 78.3 / 18 = 4.35

Mole fraction , Xn = moles of component  / Total moles in solution

=  ns / (ns + nsolvent )

= 0.4717 / ( 0.4717 +  4.35 )

= 0.4717 / 4.8217

= 0. 0978

This means 0.863 moles of urea is present in 1000 g of H2O

Number of moles of urea = 0.863 moles

Number of moles of water  = mass / Molar mass = 1000 / 18 = 55.55

Mole fraction , Xn = moles of component  / Total moles in solution

= ns / (ns + nsolvent )

= 0.863 / (0.863  +  55.55)

= 0.015.

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The volume of the residual gas, which is oxygen, would be  15cm³.

Hydrogen and oxygen gas react to form water according to the following chemical equation:

[tex]2H_2 + O_2 -- > 2H_2O[/tex]

The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen to water formed is 2:1:1.

Considering the volume ratio, 10cm³of hydrogen gas should require cm³5cm³ of oxygen gas while 5cm³ of water would be formed.

In other words, the remaining volume of oxygen would be:

20 - 5 = 15 cm³

In summary, the volume of the residual oxygen would be 15cm³.

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Answer: What grade is this for because anything 10 and above my brother can solve

Explanation:

Quantum mechanics is the study of atoms and incredibly tiny particles that are even smaller.

In quantum mechanics, another branch of physics, atomic and subatomic particles are investigated. The primary field of science that deals with the study of atoms and molecules is chemistry. By utilizing their knowledge of atoms, chemists create molecules that resemble drugs. A distinction is established between atomic physics, which studies the atom as a system made up of a nucleus and electrons, and nuclear physics, which explores nuclear reactions and special properties of atomic nuclei. Three subatomic particles make up matter: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The only subatomic particles that have electrical charges are protons and electrons, with protons having a positive charge and electrons having a negative charge.

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B. The gas molecules are strongly attracted to one another. The ideal gas law states that an ideal gas has no intermolecular forces, hence this assertion does not apply to ideal gases.

A theoretical concept known as an ideal gas is used in thermodynamics to describe a gas' behaviour under specific circumstances. When a gas's behaviour can be explained by the ideal gas law, which states that a gas's pressure, volume, and temperature are all proportionate to one another, the gas is said to be an ideal gas. The ideal gas rule is based on the premise that a gas is made up of a lot of tiny, non-interacting particles that take up a lot more space than the particles do. Although all gases in actuality depart somewhat from their idealised behaviour, the ideal gas law nonetheless serves as a reasonable approximation for a variety of uses.

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Answer:

1 Al + 2 ZnCl2 -> 2 AlCl3 + 1 Zn

Explanation:

The equation needs to be balanced so that there is an equal number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. To balance this equation, the coefficients 1, 2, 2, and 1 need to be placed in front of Al, ZnCl2, AlCl3, and Zn, respectively:

1 Al + 2 ZnCl2 -> 2 AlCl3 + 1 Zn

This means that for every 1 atom of aluminum, there are 2 atoms of zinc chloride, which react to form 2 atoms of aluminum chloride and 1 atom of zinc.

ALLEN

140 mL of 0.50 m solution of hcl would just neutralize 290 ml of a solution containing 4.7 g of ba(oh)2.

To solve this problem, we can use the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2):

2HCl + Ba(OH)2 → BaCl2 + 2H2O

From the equation, we can see that two moles of HCl are required to react with one mole of Ba(OH)2.

First, we need to calculate the number of moles of Ba(OH)2 in the given volume of solution:

molar mass of Ba(OH)2 = 137.33 g/mol

number of moles of Ba(OH)2 = mass / molar mass = 4.7 g / 137.33 g/mol = 0.0342 mol

Next, we can use the stoichiometry of the balanced equation to determine the number of moles of HCl required:

2 moles of HCl react with 1 mole of Ba(OH)2

number of moles of HCl = 2 x 0.0342 mol = 0.0684 mol

Finally, we can use the definition of molarity to calculate the volume of the 0.50 M HCl solution required to provide 0.0684 moles of HCl:

molarity = moles of solute / volume of solution

volume of solution = moles of solute / molarity = 0.0684 mol / 0.50 mol/L = 0.137 L

Since the volume of the HCl solution is expressed in liters, we need to convert to milliliters:

0.137 L x 1000 mL/L = 137 mL

Therefore, 137 mL of the 0.50 M HCl solution would be required to neutralize 290 mL of the Ba(OH)2 solution. Rounded to two significant figures, the answer is 140 mL.

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Benzoic acid and phenol will end up in the aqueous layer as their corresponding sodium salts.

When sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) is added to a mixture of benzoic acid, phenol, and naphthalene, the compounds that end up in the aqueous layer depend on their acid-base properties and their solubility in water.

Benzoic acid and phenol are both acidic compounds and will react with the basic sodium bicarbonate to form their respective sodium salts, which are more water-soluble than the corresponding acids. Naphthalene is a non-polar compound and is not expected to react with NaHCO₃.

The reactions with NaHCO₃ can be represented as follows:

Benzoic acid + NaHCO₃ → Na benzoate + CO₂ + H₂O

Phenol + NaHCO₃ → Na phenolate + CO₂ + H₂O

Both Na benzoate and Na phenolate are more water-soluble than their respective acids and will dissolve in the aqueous layer. Therefore, benzoic acid and phenol will end up in the aqueous layer as their corresponding sodium salts.

Naphthalene, on the other hand, is not expected to dissolve significantly in water and will remain in the organic layer.

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Ice in a 25.00-gram sample melts at 0.0 °C and subsequently heats to 20.0 °C. The energy taken in is 10.5 KJ. The heating curve in sections 2 and 3 illustrates this issue.

we know that,

melts  25.00g   335J    = 8375 J

                         -1g

warm t=mC[tex]_{p}[/tex]ΔT=25.00g×4.184 J/g°C×20.0 °C=2092 J

Add together = 10467J=10.47 KJ≅10.5 KJ

Energy is the ability to conduct work in physics. Additionally, there is heat and work, which is energy moving from one body to another. Energy is always identified in accordance with its nature once it has been transferred. Therefore, the heat transported may manifest as thermal energy while work performed may result in mechanical energy.

Motion is a property of all energies. Anybody in motion, for instance, possesses kinetic energy. Even while at rest, a tensioned object like a spring or bow has the capacity to move; this is because of the way it is built.

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When a reaction is properly refluxing, vapors from the heated mixture should be Vapors should be escaping from the top of the condenser about 1/3 up the condenser height.

When a reaction is being refluxed, vapor should escape from the top of the condenser. It should be visible, rising approximately one-third of the way up the condenser. It is important to ensure that the vapor is contained within the reaction flask and that no visible vapors are formed outside of the flask.

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The density of the NH₃ sample is 0,82 gram/liter. The formula that can be used to calculate the density of a sample of NH₃ is D = [tex]\frac{M.P}{R.T}[/tex].

Density is the mass unit volume of a material substance. To find the density of NH₃ you can use the following steps:

Step 1: Convert temperature to kelvin and convert temperature to atm.

R = -9° C = (273,15  - 9 ) = 264,15 K

P = 793mmHg × 1/760 mmHg/atm = 1,043 atm

Step 2: Make a formula for calculating density with the ideal gas rules.

Ideal gas law ⇒ P × V = n × R × T

Density ⇒ D = mass ÷ V

P × V = n × R × T

P × V = [tex]\frac{mass . R . T}{M}[/tex]

P × M =  [tex]\frac{mass . R . T}{V}[/tex] ................. enter the formula to find the density

P × M = D × R × T

D × R × T = P × M

D  = [tex]\frac{M.P}{R.T}[/tex]

Step 3: Substitute the known data into the formula

D = [tex]\frac{M.P}{R.T}[/tex]

D = [tex]\frac{17,034 g/mol x 1,043 atm}{0,0821 Latm/mol.K x 264,15 K}[/tex]

D = 0,82 gram/liter

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The molarity of the solution is 0.067 moles per liter. To calculate the molarity of the solution, you first need to determine the number of moles in the solution.

Molarity is a unit of measurement used to measure the concentration of a solution. It is defined as the amount of solute present in one liter of a solution. It is expressed as moles per liter (mol/L). In other words, molarity is the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution. This unit is commonly used in chemistry to describe the concentration of ions, molecules, or other substances dissolved in a solution. Molarity is also used to measure the strength of an acid or base, as molarity is directly proportional to the acidity or basicity of a solution. Molarity is an important concept in chemistry as it is used to calculate the amount of a given substance present in a solution.

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If it is in group 1 or group 7 (or any group higher than 7), the element is a metal or is a non-metal, then the compound is ionic.

Ionic chemistry is the study of how atoms and molecules interact with each other through the transfer of electrons. It involves the transfer of ions, which are atoms or molecules that have gained or lost an electron. These ions interact with each other to form ionic compounds, which are composed of ionic bonds. These bonds are formed by the attraction between the positive and negative charges of the ions.

This is because ions form when atoms of a metal lose electrons to a non-metal in order to achieve a full outer shell of electrons. Group 1 elements tend to lose one electron, while group 7 elements tend to gain seven electrons.

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The statement that is incorrect about ionic compounds is: "ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons by metals and nonmetals."

Ionic bonds are not formed by the sharing of electrons, but rather by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal. The metal loses one or more electrons to form a positive ion (cation), and the nonmetal gains those electrons to form a negative ion (anion). The attraction between these opposite charges forms the ionic bond and holds the ionic compound together.

All the other statements are correct:

Ionic compounds include table salt (NaCl), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3).

Ions are formed when ionic solids dissolve in water.

Between metals and nonmetals, ionic bonds form.

The attraction of positive and negative ions holds ionic compounds together.

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Significant figures are important because they indicate the precision of measurement. In scientific measurement, number of significant figures in a measurement is a way to communicate the precision or degree of uncertainty associated with that measurement.

The more significant figures a measurement has, the more precise the measurement is considered to be. Significant figures also help ensure that calculations and conversions are carried out with the appropriate degree of precision and avoid the appearance of false precision in the results.

When performing calculations, it is important to consider the number of significant figures in each number and to round the final result to the appropriate number of significant figures. This helps to ensure that the result is not reported with a degree of precision that is not supported by the data.

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