This is a description of macroevolution.
What is macroevolution?
Macroevolution is basically the evolution that is above the level of species. It refers to the study of birth, death, diversification. Macroevolution basically focuses on the development of groups.
Macroevolution often requires evolution of entirely new structures, like new organs.
Mostly, macroevolution may not be able to be observed directly, as multiple mutations are necessary for large scale changes.
An example of macroevolution would be tetrapods. Tetrapods are animals with limbs. The study of fossils, geological and modern organisms are how evidence of macroevolution is obtained.
So, organisms that have changed over time, and new species have appeared and other species have gone extinct is a description of macroevolution.
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A group of students set up the following lab to demonstrate the effect of solar heat on the ocean.
URGENT. NEED IT NOW.
The effect of the ocean the water current in the experiment is heated from the bottom while the ocean is heated from the top. The correct option is c.
What is solar heat?Solar heating refers to the process of using sunshine to warm water or indoor air. Solar heating comes in two flavors: passive and active.
Active solar heating systems transmit the heated fluid—either liquid or air—directly to the interior area or to a storage system for later use. An auxiliary or backup system delivers the extra heat if the solar system is unable to offer sufficient space heating.
Therefore, the correct option is c.
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Which other system is most likely to also have a direct response during the 12-minute exercise?.
Phosphagen energy system is most likely to also have a direct response during the 12-minute exercise.
Within 10 to 20 seconds of high-intensity exercise the required is generated with the help of “ATP-CP,” also known as the phosphagen energy system. Once the available ATP is used up, which occurs in a few seconds, a molecule called phosphocreatine is used to re-form ATP in the muscle.
ATP is present in all body cells, but their is a limited number of ATP in cells. So, for physical activities and exercise, the ATP gets used up very quickly and needs to be replenished to continue with the exercise.
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monoclonal antibodies are obtained from human serum. animal serum. human b cells in culture. hybridomas. both human and animal serum
From human serum, monoclonal antibodies are produced. the animal serum. B cells from humans in culture. hybridomas. animal and human serum.
Are hybridomas capable of producing monoclonal antibodies?Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that are specific to antigens are created using hybridoma technology. Additionally, these cell lines have a lengthy shelf life after being cryopreserved. With the use of hybridoma technology, several monoclonal antibodies with varied specificities for various antigens have been created.
Are animal products used to make monoclonal antibodies?Although many different animals have been utilized to make polyclonal antibodies against antigens, it is still difficult to make monoclonal antibodies that are specific to an antigen from animals.
Blincyto, which is used to treat various forms of leukemia, is one example of blinatumomab. Blinatumomab has a component that binds to leukemia and lymphoma cells' CD19 protein. Another component adheres to CD3, a protein present on T cells, which are immunological cells.
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Which organelle stores the information that determines an individual plant leaf shape.
Genetic relationships, gene expression patterns, microRNAs, and active hormonal controls all contribute to the genetic foundation of leaf form. organelle 1 is large vacuole, 2nd organelle is mitochondria, organelle 3 is nucleus and organelle 4 is cell wall.
The size of the cell and the number of cells determine the size of the leaf. Plant hormones, growth-regulating factors (GRFs), TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP), WUSCHEL RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX), and other regulatory factors control cell expansion and differentiation [3,4].
Rough E.R. makes and transports substances through the cell and Smooth E.R. does not have ribosomes; Ribosome make protein for the cell.
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Jamal is constructing an explanation of global climate change. He includes each of these statements in the explanation. Classify the role or purpose of each statement. You may use each classification once or more than once.
To build an explanation of global climate change, Jamal must include the most important factors of this phenomenon such as human-caused gas emissions and the greenhouse effect.
Climate change is a phenomenon caused by an increase in the planet's temperature caused by greenhouse gas emissions from human activity, which cause climate variations that would not occur naturally. Climate change is primarily caused by human activities such as producing electricity and heat by burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, manufacturing goods, and cutting down forests. A greenhouse gas is a gas that absorbs and emits radiant energy in the thermal infrared spectrum, resulting in the greenhouse effect.
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During conjugation, if an hfr cell is mated with an f- cell, why will the f- cell remain f-?.
During conjugation, if an hfr cell is mated with an f- cell, the f- cell remain f- because the whole Hfr genome could not be transmitted because the cells could not stay in touch for long enough.
What is genome?
Genome is the entirety of an organism's genetic makeup, or DNA. A person's genome is present in nearly every cell in their body. The genome of a person contains all the information needed for growth and development.
Its DNA contains the genes and other elements that control the function of those genes (or RNA in the case of some viruses).
Each and every one of the body's cells, such as the skin cell or the liver cell, carries the following set of instructions: DNA makes up the instructions in our genome. A special chemical code found in DNA directs our growth, development, and health.
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which part of the cell would be similar to the muscular system?? need answers ASAP
Answer:
The microtubules in the cell membrane
Explanation:
when a poison is added to actively respiring mitochondria, every component of the electron transport chain is found to be
(4) Add an uncoupling agent along with the poison is the experiment that will help unravel the said dilemma.
By separating the processes of ATP production from the electron transport chain, an uncoupler or uncoupling agent is a chemical that interferes with oxidative phosphorylation in prokaryotes and mitochondria or photophosphorylation in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria.
Since every element of the electron transport chain is discovered to be in its reduced form, this is known. The process of making ATP has completely stopped, and the poison is known to either block the electrons that go to oxygen or the process that makes ATP. The best experiment to solve this conundrum is mixing a toxin with an uncoupling agent.
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Question correction:
The effects of a poison on actively respiring mitochondria are being studied to determine its mode of action. When the poison is added, every component of the electron transport chain is found to be in its reduced form based on spectroscopic analysis, and ATP production ceases entirely. It is reasoned that the poison is either blocking the final transfer of electrons to oxygen or is blocking the ATP synthase. Which of the following experiments will help unravel this dilemma?
1) None of the above will help distinguish between these two possibilities.
2) Add an artificial electron donor along with the poison
3) Any of the above would allow differentiation between these two possibilities
4) Add an uncoupling agent along with the poison
5) Add a second blocking agent to interfere with either Complex I or Complex II along with the poison
Why is it more difficult to treat fungal infections than bacterial infections in humans?.
Fungal cells and eukaryotic animal cells share a lot of the same fundamental cell architecture and machinery.
Why are human fungus infections so challenging to treat?Since there are currently only a few different types of antifungal medications, therapeutic options may be substantially hampered by resistance. Many of the antifungal medications that are typically used to treat these infections can no longer work against some forms of fungi, such as Candida Auris.
How are bacterial and fungal infections different from one another?Conditions including yeast infections, valley fever, and meningitis are brought on by fungi. Due to the fact that they are eukaryotes, which means they have cells, fungi are significantly more complicated than bacteria. Fungi resemble mammals the most out of the three diseases in terms of structure.
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through the process of , molecules are broken down and used for movement and other cellular functions. this process energy.
Catabolism releases Through the process of , molecules are broken down and used for motility and other cellular functions. This process energy.
Catabolism, a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in which relatively large molecules are broken down or degraded within living cells. Some of the chemical energy released during catabolic processes is stored in the form of energy-rich compounds such as adenosine triphosphate [ATP]. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the cell's energy molecule. ATP is produced during catabolic reactions and stores energy until needed during anabolic reactions. Catabolism breaks down large molecules (polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, etc.) into smaller units (monosaccharides, fatty acids, nucleotides, amino acids, etc.). Catabolism is the breakdown side of metabolism and anabolic is the accumulation side.
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what statement concerning vasopressin secretion is not true? a. vasopressin secretion is closely tied to plasma osmolality b. changes in blood volume also alter vasopressin secretion c. a reduction in effective blood volume overrides the effects of plasma osmolality in regulating vasopressin secretion d. all of these
The statements concerning vasopressin secretion is not true are
d. All of these
What is vasopressin?
Vasopressin, also known as ADH or arginine vasopressin (AVP), is a nonapeptide produced in the hypothalamus. It is known to play critical roles in the body's osmotic balance, blood pressure regulation, sodium homeostasis, and kidney function.
Given its importance in multiple functions, it is not surprising that ADH is clinically significant. ADH primarily influences the kidney's ability to reabsorb water; when present, ADH induces the expression of water transport proteins in the late distal tubule and collecting duct, increasing water reabsorption. When the body loses control of ADH secretion or responds to its presence, several disease states develop.
ADH is released from the posterior pituitary gland in states of hypovolemia or hypernatremia and binds to the type-2 receptor in collecting duct principal cells. Binding to the receptor activates an intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway, which results in aquaporin-2 phosphorylation (AQP2). After achieving water homeostasis, ADH levels decrease and AQP2 is internalized from the plasma membrane, restoring watertightness to the plasma membrane.
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truncation is a search technique that helps you find variations of a term or terms. you want to find books on the topic of the biology of polychaetes or polychaeta, also called bristle worms, without getting results about polychlorinated chemicals. where should you best truncate in this example?
To find books on the topic of biology of polychaetes or polychaeta also called bristle worms, the best place to truncate is to search biology and polychaetes*.
How is truncation used?Truncation aids to widen the search of a topic to include multiple word spellings and endings. Truncation has a symbol, "*" an asterisk at the point where the spelling of the word could change. The database will only return searches that include any ending that bears the root words.
In this case, polychaetes can have different different spelling suggestions such as polychlorinated chemicals but with the truncation symbol at the end of the word it will only limit results to polychaetes, polychaeta, polychaete.
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true or false in prokaryotes, coordinately controlled genes are united by control elements; in eukaryotes, they are united by location.
False, coordinately regulated genes are linked together by control elements in prokaryotes; in eukaryotes, they are linked together by location.
In eukaryotic cells, how are genes coordinately regulated?Transcriptional activators and repressors that bind to particular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences and regulate the expression of eukaryotic genes include transcriptional activators and repressors.
What applies to the expression of genes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?In the nucleus, transcription occurs in both types of cells. Ribosomes carry out translation in both types of cells: Amino acids are assembled by both types of cells to carry out transcription: In the endoplasmic reticulum, both cell types complete translation: The codons are transcribed by both types of cells using tRNA.
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new fuels are being produced by converting corn and grasses into compounds containing alcohols that can be broken down for energy in various engines. the purpose of this research is to
New fuels are being produced by converting corn and grasses into compounds containing alcohols that can be broken down for energy in various engines. the purpose of this research is to reduce the use of nonrenewable resources.
There are 4 major kinds of nonrenewable resources oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy. Oil, natural gasoline, and coal are collectively referred to as fossil fuels. Fossil fuels were shaped within the Earth from useless vegetation and animals over hundreds of thousands of years—therefore they call fossil fuels.
A non-renewable useful resource is a natural useful resource that cannot be quite simply replaced through herbal methods at a tempo short enough to hold up with consumption. An example is carbon-based total fossil fuels. The unique organic matter, with the resource of heat and pressure, turns into a fuel inclusive of oil or gasoline.
The use of nonrenewable resources has negative effects on many ecosystems as well as human beings. New ways to use renewable resources for energy are now being developed.
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Why have scientists largely abandoned the tripartite scheme of three great races?.
Modern scientists believe that categorizing people is counterproductive to comprehending the diversity of human biology, hence they have largely abandoned this strategy.
How diverse is the biological population?
What is known as biodiversity refers to the range of organisms—animals, plants, fungi, and even bacteria—that make up our natural world. To maintain equilibrium and support life, these varied species and organisms work together and in intricate webs known as ecosystems.
Which examples of biological diversity come to mind?
Most people think of biodiversity as a group of distinctive living entities with the capacity for interbreeding. White-tailed deer, white pine trees, sunflowers, tiny bacteria that cannot even be seen, blue whales, and white-tailed deer are a few examples of species.
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Individuals have two alleles for each gene, and when gametes form by meiosis, the two alleles.
Individuals have two alleles for each gene, and when gametes form by meiosis, the two alleles. . Physical Make-Up is Phenotype and Genetics are Genotype.
Gametes are an organism's reproductive cells. they may be additionally known as sex cells. woman gametes are known as ova or egg cells, and male gametes are known as sperm. Gametes are haploid cells, and every cellular contains only one reproduction of every chromosome.
The term haploid also can discuss with the number of chromosomes in egg or sperm cells, which might be also referred to as gametes. In people, gametes are haploid cells that comprise 23 chromosomes, each of which a one in all a chromosome pair that exists in diplod cells.
Gametes are unfertilized reproductive cells. Zygote is a fertilised egg or a fertilised egg. As a made from meiosis, gametes are always haploid cells. when you consider that zygote is the made of the fusion of the male and girl gamete haploid, it's far a diploid shape.
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in meiosis, dna replicates during multiple choice prophase i. both prophase i and prophase ii. prophase ii. interphase prior to meiosis ii. interphase prior to meiosis i.
In meiosis, DNA replicates in the interphase stage prior to meiosis I (option E).
What is DNA replication?DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. DNA replication occurs in all living organisms acting as the most essential part for biological inheritance.
DNA replication occurs in both mitotic and meiotic cell division to ensure that each daughter cell possesses the correct amount of DNA.
However, the cell undergoes two successive divisions in meiosis i.e. meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis I is reduction division and meiosis II is similar to mitosis but DNA replicates only once during meiosis, i.e. before meiosis I in S phase.
Therefore, in accordance with this question, it can be said that DNA replicates only during the S (interphase) stage of meiosis I.
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if two animals are members of the same kingdom, how closely are they related in comparison to two animals that are members of the same genus?
Animals are living organism that comes under the family Animalia. Animals are multicellular and eukaryotic organisms. They are consumers and they breathe through oxygen.
Every organism is divided into levels of distribution. These distributions are (1) Kingdom, (2) Phylum or Division; (3) Class; (4) Order; (5) Family; (6) Genus; (7) Species.
Genus is the level of distribution, in which organisms are present that are phylogenetic and structurally the same. And related species are comes under the same genus. The genus is also present in the scientific name of the organism.
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The _____ contains the cell bodies of neurons responsible for motor control of the viscera via the autonomic nervous system.
Answer:
lateral horn
Explanation:
hope it helps :)
The structure that contains the cell bodies of neurons responsible for motor control of the viscera via the autonomic nervous system is the hypothalamus.
Where is the hypothalamus located?The hypothalamus is located at the base of the brain and plays a crucial role in regulating a variety of bodily functions such as hunger, thirst, body temperature, and the circadian rhythm.
It also controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland and the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary processes like digestion, heart rate, and respiration.
The structure referred to in the question is the "visceral motor nucleus" or "autonomic motor nucleus" located in the brainstem. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating involuntary physiological processes such as heart rate, breathing rate, and digestion.
This nucleus contains the cell bodies of neurons that control the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands that make up the visceral organs of the body.
These neurons receive input from higher brain centers as well as from various sensory receptors located throughout the body, and they integrate this information to modulate the activity of the autonomic nervous system.
Dysfunction of this nucleus or its associated pathways can lead to a variety of clinical conditions, including disorders of blood pressure regulation, gastrointestinal motility, and sexual function.
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which of the following organisms is lacking one of the five characteristics typically found in animals?A) sponges, which have no true tissues but have two layers of cells that perform different functions
B) planaria, who have an incomplete digestive tract but do have muscles and excretory and reproductive systems
C) trypanosome, a single-celled organism that causes sleeping sickness in humans
D) leeches, segmented worms that are predatory on other animals
E) tapeworms, flatworms that infest the intestines of humans
One of the five traits that are generally present in animals is absent from the flatworms and tapeworms that infest human intestines.
Which of the following describes an animal's traits?Animals are eukaryotic multicellular organisms without cell walls. Animals are heterotrophs in general. Animals can move, have internal digestion, and have sense organs. They can reproduce sexually as well.
What traits of an animal are not present in plants?Animals, on the other hand, must consume other species in order to obtain their own sustenance because they are unable to do it. Animals typically have more intricate structural designs. They differ from plants in that they possess nerves and muscles that enable swift, precise movement through their environment. Unlike plant cells, which have rigid walls, animal cells typically do not.
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Agnes learned that the brain, spinal cord, and nerves work together. What do they combine to form?.
what are adaptations? processes that allow individuals with certain inherited traits to survive and reproduce. acquired characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in specific environments. inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in specific environments. patterns seen in fossils documenting the origins of other new groups of organisms.
The technique adaptations with the aid of which people with sure inherited developments are more likely to live to tell the tale and reproduce than those who do not have the one's developments are called natural selection.
Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution. Organisms that are more tailored to their surroundings are much more likely to live on and pass on the genes that aided their fulfillment. This method causes species to change and diverge over the years.
In biology, a variation is ANY inherited function that increases an organism's risk for survival. The possibilities are countless! just study an organism and spot how it works properly in its habitat. Ex of adaptations: camouflage, mimicry, behavioral adaptations.
Examples consist of the long necks of giraffes for feeding inside the tops of bushes, the streamlined bodies of aquatic fish and mammals, the mild bones of flying birds and mammals, and the lengthy daggerlike canine enamel of carnivores.
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a group of wildlife enthusiasts put up bat boxes in an urban neighborhood. which of the following should they also do to best help the bat population?
A group of wildlife enthusiasts put up bat boxes in an urban neighborhood therefore the following which they should also do to best help the bat population is to provide undisturbed areas to attract insects.
What is Population?This is referred to as the total number of organisms or species which are present in a given area or place at a particular point in time.
There are different factors or variables which ensures that organisms survive in the ecosystem asnd an example is the availability of food, water etc.
In a scenario where wildlife enthusiasts want to best help the bat population, then the best thing to do is to provide undisturbed areas to attract insects which will serve as a food source and promote their growth and reproductive capacities.
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Consider the two major classes of hormones and their actions, which class of hormones would you expect to be ideally suited for long-term processes such as growth and development?.
The binding of steroid receptors, proteins in the cytoplasm that, when activated, operate as factors that induce transcription, by steroid hormones, one of the numerous activities they carry out in cells, is to trigger gene expression.
Why do steroids require more time?Lipid-derived hormones must be transported to their target cell while bound to a transport protein since blood is water-based. The half-life of steroid hormones is significantly longer than that of hormones generated from amino acids due to their more complicated structure.
Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex hormones are all subclasses of steroid hormones that are derived from cholesterol. The placenta, ovaries (estrogens and progestins), testes (testosterone), and adrenal cortex all undergo synthesis (cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens).
Because it has the hormone's receptors, a target cell reacts to the hormone.
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a blood agar plate is shown below with an unknown staphylococcus species and novobiocin antibiotic disk. the species is most likely:
A blood agar plate is shown below with an unknown staphylococcus species and novobiocin antibiotic disk the species is most likely epidermidis.
Simply put, species that are used for food timber medicinal purposes or as pets or ornamental plants collected or otherwise attracting attention are at high risk of extinction. Organisms that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to inherit genes that have contributed to their survival and success.
This process causes species to change and diverge over time. Natural selection is one way to explain the millions of species that have lived on Earth. Endangered means that a species is threatened with extinction in all or a significant portion of its range. Endangered means that a species is likely to be at risk of extinction in the foreseeable future.
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7. What is the name of the process that uses carrier proteins and ATP to transport materials against
the concentration gradient?
Answer:
Active transport .During active transport, substances move against the concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. This process is “active” because it requires the use of energy (usually in the form of ATP).
Answer:
Active transport
Explanation:
Cuz of the word *against the concentration gradient* , it must be active process which would need energy. So, its active transport
Which two statements correctly describes what happens to molecules in fruit after the orangutan eats it?.
The molecules are rearranged to form a new substance after the molecules in fruit ate by the orangutan.
What are orangutans and what happen to the molecules in fruit after the orangutan eats it?Orangutans are the apes which are the native of generally Indonesia and rarely to malaysia also.Orangutans are the organisms with 35 - 45 years of life span and are totally friendly towards human.They are supposed to be the largest arboreal animal and is predicted to spend most of the time on trees.Here the question is asked for the changes in the molecules of fruit after the orangutan eats it.So the molecules gets rearranged to form a new substance after the molecules in fruit ate by orangutan.Hence the molecules gets rearrange to form new substance in fruit ate by the orangutan.To know more about orangutan visit:
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What evidence exists that suggests that all living things require energy to survive?
Answer:
The evidence that living things need energy to survive is: without the solar energy, plants will die.
Explanation:
Energy is an important resource that can be moved, it can be transformed, but cannot be created or destroyed. Plants need solar energy (light and heat) to make their food through the process of photosynthesis. Then, the energy is converted into chemical energy. Some are stored in the form of sugar and some are released in the form of oxygen.
If plants become extinct, in addition to reducing oxygen from the earth, then the source of food for humans and animals will be lost and will cause disruption of ecosystems on earth.
What animals can sense temperature?.
Dogs, like vampire bats, use their rhinaria to detect weak thermal radiation.
Peripheral thermoreceptors in the skin detect environmental temperatures. Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels in these peripheral thermoreceptors are activated at specific temperatures. TRP channels respond differently to cold and warm stimuli.
Animals have their own version of the unpleasant biting combined with pins-and-needles sensation that urges us to warm up quickly or suffer the consequences. In fact, the nervous system mechanisms for sensing a wide range of temperatures are nearly identical in all vertebrates.
The sensation and perception of temperature, or more precisely, temperature differences inferred from heat flux, is referred to as thermoception or thermoreception. It is concerned with the sequence of events and processes required for an organism to receive a temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, recognize and characterize the signal, and initiate an appropriate defense response.
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If a mutation rendered the signal recognition particle nonfunctional, what would be the most obvious effect on the cell?.
If a mutation rendered the signal recognition
particle nonfunctional, translation would
not have been completed for most of the
proteins.
Mutation is the alternation in the sequences of DNA or RNA whatever is the genetic complement of the body. There are certain kind of mutation, namely point mutation, frame shift mutation and the one caused by mutagen.Mutagen are the agents causing such sudden genetic change such as physical and chemical agents.Here the question is asked of if mutation rendered the signal recognition particle nonfunctional what would be the effect on the cell.The translation would not have been completed for most of the organism if a mutation rendered the signal recognitions.
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