The mass number of an ion with 109 electrons, 157 neutrons, and a charge of +1 is 157
What is mass number ?Together, the number of protons and the number of neutrons determine an element's mass number
mass number = protons + neutrons
In nuclear physics, the mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
An element's mass number is so termed because it indicates the mass of all of the protons and neutrons present in the element. Most periodic charts also include the element's atomic number and atomic mass in addition to its chemical symbol.
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which of the following is true of the structure of an erythrocyte? size and shape of an erythrocyte. it is 2.5 micrometers thick and 7.5 micrometers in diameter. the erythrocyte has a biconcave shape. which of the following is true of the structure of an erythrocyte? size and shape of an erythrocyte. it is 2.5 micrometers thick and 7.5 micrometers in diameter. the erythrocyte has a biconcave shape. erythrocytes can bend and twist to fit through vessels. erythrocytes are nucleated cells. erythrocytes are cell fragments. erythrocytes are larger than other cells in the blood.
These incredibly tiny cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio thanks to their flexible disc form. As a result, the plasma membrane of a red blood cell can distribute carbon dioxide and oxygen more easily. Human RBCs have discocyte morphologies that are roughly 7.5 to 8.7 m across & 1.7 to 2.2 m thick. The cytoplasm of RBCs houses haemoglobin molecules, which are crucial for gas transfer within the circulation.
An erythrocyte is what?A kind of red cells that the bone marrow produces and is present in the blood.
A biconcave form is what?Usually used to describe a disc or lens, concave on both sides.
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Transcription factors in eukaryotes usually have DNA-binding domains as well as other domains that are specific for binding other molecules.T/F
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
Proteins called transcription factors bind to certain DNA sequences to control the transcription of genes. Transcription factors in eukaryotic cells often feature a DNA-binding domain that selectively binds to particular DNA sequences. They also possess additional binding domains designed specifically to bind substances like proteins or RNA. Transcriptional regulatory domains are the name given to these domains. They control the activity of transcription factors by attracting other proteins, chromatin-modifying enzymes, or the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. The specificity and activity of the transcription factor are determined by the interaction between the DNA-binding domain and the transcriptional regulatory domains.
a scientist isolates some mrna from one gene and compares its sequence to that of the gene from which it was copied. where will the mrna be found to end?
Answer:
The mRNA will be located in the cytosol of the cytoplasm.(specifically inside the ribosome of the cell to under go the process of translation)
The following steps occur during biosynthesis of a + strand RNA virus. What is the third step?
A) Synthesis of + strand RNA
B) Attachment
C) Synthesis of - strand RNA
D) Synthesis of viral proteins
E) Penetration and uncoating"
C) Synthesis of - strand RNA occur during biosynthesis of a + strand RNA virus. What is the third step.
RNA polymerase enzymes create an RNA copy of a DNA sequence during the DNA transcription process biosynthesis that produces PRNA on a DNA template. Multiple polypeptide chains having a molecular weight of 500,000 are what make up RNA polymerases. There are three different kinds of RNA polymerases in eukaryotic cells. There are four phases involved in the synthesis of mRNA from DNA: initiation, elongation, editing (processing), and termination. When elements that help to maintain nuclear DNA are disturbed, transcription (the creation of mRNA) begins. Transcriptional activation is triggered by perturbation signals that enter the nucleus.
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An appropriate group of animals to examine to observe a Malpighian tubule would be _____.
the amphibians
the insects
the annelids
the flatworms
the birds
An appropriate group of animals to examine to observe a Malpighian tubule would be the insects. Correct answer: letter B.
Malpighian tubules are a type of excretory organ found in some insects. They are responsible for the excretion of nitrogenous wastes, as well as the absorption of water and electrolytes. Therefore, if you are looking to observe the Malpighian tubules, the appropriate group of animals would be the insects.
The Malpighian tubules are small tubes located in the midgut of insects and other arthropods. They are named after the Italian anatomist Marcello Malpighi and were first discovered in the 17th century. The tubules are responsible for the excretion of nitrogenous wastes, such as ammonia and uric acid, as well as the reabsorption of water and electrolytes. The tubules are composed of a series of cells which are lined with a thin layer of cuticle, allowing for the selective absorption of molecules. As the contents of the tubules pass through the cells.
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What does it mean if you have squamous epithelial cells in your urine?
If anybody have squamous epithelial cells in your urine it means their sample was contaminated.
In a urine sample, squamous epithelial cells are often present in very trace amounts. Doctors must check the kind of epithelial cells in the urine to determine whether the patient has a urinary tract infection. However, having a lot of squamous epithelial cells (SECs) in urine typically suggests that the urine sample was contaminated. The presence of a lot of epithelial cells in a urine analysis test may indicate a bacterial infection.Three different epithelial cell types can be found in urine. The three categories of epithelial cells, according to Mayo Clinic medical professionals, are:Squamous epithelial cell,Transitional epithelial cells,Renal epithelial cells.
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which population in this food web would most likely be negatively affected by an increase in the mouse population?
Population in this food web that would most likely be negatively affected by an increase in the mouse population is : rabbit.
What do you understand by food web?A food web is a diagram that shows what is eaten by what in an ecological community and how food chains naturally connect to one another. The term "consumer-resource system" can also refer to the food web.
A food web is made up of all the food networks in a particular environment. Each individual organism in an ecosystem is a component of various food chains. Energy and nutrients can travel through the ecosystem along several food chains.
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The cheetah is reputed to be the fastest land mammal. The evolutionary process that gave rise to this speed is most likely to be what kind of selection?
The cheetah is reputed to be the fastest land mammal. The evolutionary process that gave rise to this speed is most likely to be directional selection.
The survival of the fittest is characterised as natural selection. Directional selection is a sort of natural selection in which one of the trait's extreme versions is chosen. In a giraffe population, for example, each individual giraffe has a slightly varying neck length. This variety in the feature provides each giraffe with a unique edge when it comes to obtaining food from tree branches.
When both extreme qualities in a population are chosen, this is known as disruptive selection. Disruptive selection produces the most variance within a population and is thus the most likely to result in speciation. A colony of peppered moths in London is one example of disruptive selection.
Natural selection that stabilises the population mean on a certain non-extreme trait value is known as stabilising selection. Because most traits do not appear to change significantly over time, this is thought to be the most common mode of action for natural selection.
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alex has blue eyes and both of his parents have brown eyes. what can most likely be concluded about alex's parents?
If Alex has blue eyes so both of his parents are brown eyed, then his father possesses the recessive blue eye trait genetically.
Which examples from genetics?The study understanding genes is called genetics. Through one child to the next, our genes transmit information. The reason one child has blonde highlights like their mother and their sister has brown hair like their father, for instance, is genetic.
How does genetics explain?Genetics is the study of genes & heredity, or the process through which specific characteristics or traits are transferred from one generation to the next as a result of variations in DNA sequence. A gene is a section of DNA that has instructions for creating one or even more molecules that are necessary for bodily function.
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Match the Terms the the appropriate definition.
Answer:
1:Appendicular Skeleton 4:Periosteum :Skeleton 6:Synovial Joint 7:Greenstick fracture
in an evolving finch population, what are the primary changes that occur over time? the traits of each individual finch within a population gradually change. the proportion of the finch population that has particular genetic traits changes. finches become stronger during their lifetimes and pass on their increased strength to their offspring. mutations occur to meet the needs of the finches as the environment changes.
The primary changes that occur over time in an evolving finch population are: genetic variation, mutations, natural selection etc, and details are given below.
1. The traits of each individual finch within a population gradually change. This is known as microevolution and it is caused by genetic variation and natural selection. The finches with traits that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits on to their offspring.
2. The proportion of the finch population that has particular genetic traits changes. This can occur as a result of natural selection, as certain traits become more or less advantageous in a given environment.
3. Mutations occur to meet the needs of the finches as the environment changes. These genetic changes can lead to new traits that may be beneficial in the current environment, and can also be passed on to future generations.
It's worth noting that the statement "finches become stronger during their lifetimes and pass on their increased strength to their offspring" is not true. An individual's strength cannot be passed on to their offspring through genetic inheritance, but rather it is acquired through the individual's own experiences and environment.
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Which tissue does most photosynthesis take place in
Answer:
Most photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells, specifically in the chlorophyll-containing organelles called thylakoids.
Explanation:
here are health concerns surrounding the products that have been genetically engineered for particular traits, including pharmaceuticals, crops, and enzymes that are used in industry and manufacturing processes. which is a health concern that affects society?patented productsbioaccumulationland usecancer
When used in industry and manufacturing processes, products that have been genetically modified to have specific traits raise health risks related to cancer.
The application of biotechnology to alter an organism's genome is known as genetic engineering. This results from the gene expression process, in which a gene's information is used to produce a gene product that functions. Proteins are frequently produced during this process as a result of translation.
An interpretation system that is specifically engineered to produce the desired gene product is categorised as a genetic engineering product (e.g protein, or tRNA).
Chemical hormones and several medications have been developed for medical use as a result of genetic engineering. e.g.
Gene splicing: A technique used to produce large amounts of insulin using E. the bacteria E. coli.
A protein called interferon is used to eliminate viruses and kill cancer cells.
Therefore, we can infer that when used in industry and manufacturing processes, genetically modified products for specific traits have health risks related to cancer.
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All loose ends are tied up. Conflicts and climax are taken care of. - ________________________
Answer: The story has reached its resolution.
Explanation:
A story resolution is the final outcome or conclusion of a story. It is the point at which the conflicts and tensions in the story are resolved, and the main characters achieve their goals or reach a new understanding. The resolution is where the story concludes and ties up all the loose ends.
what two traits provide the basis of our selection strategy for both enterobacter aerogenes and for escherichia coli?
Numerous pathogens, including Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Proteus, Serratia, and other species, are members of the broad Gram-negative family Enterobacteriaceae.
What traits do members of the family Enterobacteriaceae share?Members of the Enterobacteriaceae are facultative anaerobes with rod-shaped bacilli that ferment carbohydrates to produce lactic acid and other byproducts. They exhibit Gram-negative stains and are typically 1–5 m in length. Most genera are mobile thanks to their many flagella, although a few genera are not.
What traits does E. coli typically exhibit?The bacteria, which grow on MacConkey agar, are gram negative, rod-shaped, do not form spores, and are either motile with peritrichous flagella or not motile at all.
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whenever tom and connie attempt intercourse, penetration is impossible because of muscle spasms around the vagina. this condition is known as
Vaginismus is an involuntary vaginal tensing. It happens during the onset of sex, when inserting a tampon, or when obtaining a pelvic checkup. Intercourse can be painful due to vaginismus (dyspareunia).
A bladder or vaginal infection, vaginal damage (such as childbirth), pelvic surgery, endometriosis, or any inflammatory condition can all cause pelvic floor spasms. A history of trauma or abuse may also be a factor in the situation. Often, the exact cause is unknown.
Vaginismus is a severe pelvic muscle spasm that constricts the vagina, making penetration uncomfortable or impossible.
Cervical dystonia, also known as spasmodic torticollis, is a painful disorder in which the muscles in your neck contract uncontrollably, causing your head to twist or turn to one side. Cervical dystonia can occur.
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In prokaryotic cells, translation begins before transcription is finished. Give two reasons why this would not be possible in eukaryotic cells.Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not. Transcription takes place in the nucleus while translation takes place on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Eukaryotic cells have introns that must be removed from the pre-mRNA before translation can occur.
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, whereas eukaryotic cells do. Transcription occurs in the nucleus, whereas translation occurs on ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
A single-celled creature called a prokaryote lacks a nucleus as well as other membrane-bound organelles. Aside from the lack of a nucleus, prokaryotes lack mitochondria and the majority of the other membrane-bound organelles which distinguish the eukaryotic cell. It was formerly considered that prokaryotic cellular components inside the cytoplasm were unenclosed, with the exception of an exterior cell membrane, however bacterial microcompartments, thought to just be simple organelles enclosed by protein shells, have been identified, in addition to other prokaryotic organelles.
The bacterial cytoskeleton is much more primitive than the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Apart from actin and tubulin homologues, flagellin, the helically structured building-block of the flagellum, is one of the most important cytoskeletal proteins of bacteria, since it provides structural backdrops for chemotaxis, the primary cell physiological reaction of bacteria.
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AV Node Delay Definition
The atrioventricular (AV) node delay refers to the time lag in the cardiac cycle, which ensures that all the blood has entered the ventricles from the atria before ventricular contraction.
Adding a delay between atrial and ventricular excitement during AV node conduction is crucial in order to provide the atrium enough time to finish filling the ventricles when it contracts.
What does "AV delay" entail and what does the delay accomplish?This AV delay makes sure that blood has enough time to leave the atrium and finish filling the ventricles. Blood is ejected from the ventricles through an open bulbo-ventricular (BV) valve and into the outflow tract. When the ventricle relaxes, the cardiac cycle is over (ventricular diastole).
In order to provide electrical impedance from the atria and a pacemaker in its absence, this structure connects the electrical systems of the ventricles and the atria.
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what is the name of the bond that links subunits of a protein together?
Explanation:
Within a protein, multiple amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds, thereby forming a long chain. Peptide bonds are formed by a biochemical reaction that extracts a water molecule as it joins the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of a neighboring amino acid.
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A visual representation in which the chromosomes of a cell are condensed, stained and arranged in order, from largest to smallest.
This is a karyogram or idiogram. It is a visual representation of the chromosomes of a cell, in which the chromosomes are condensed, stained, and arranged in order from largest to smallest.
The karyogram can be used to identify chromosomal abnormalities, such as aneuploidies, deletions, and translocations, and can aid in the diagnosis and treatment of genetic disorders.
A karyogram, also known as an idiogram, is a visual representation of the chromosomes of a cell. It is created by condensing the chromosomes, staining them, and arranging them in order from largest to smallest. The karyogram can be used in genetics and medical fields to identify chromosomal abnormalities, such as aneuploidies, deletions, and translocations.
This can aid in the diagnosis and treatment of genetic disorders. Karyograms are also useful in genetic counseling as they help in identifying the inherited disorders in a family. Overall, karyogram is an important tool in understanding the genetic makeup of an individual.
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a scientist studying dolphin populations has noticed an increase in dolphin death rates. high levels of a toxin, ddt, have been found stored in the blubber of the dead dolphins. which environmental problem does this best demonstrate?
Due to bioaccumulation, the poison accumulates in the dolphin's body and may be transferred to the young.
What is the primary distinction between biomagnification and bioaccumulation?Older people have a larger concentration due to bioaccumulation, which occurs in a single organism and over course of its lifespan. As chemicals move up the food chain form lower trophic levels through higher trophic levels, apex predator concentration increases. This process is known as biomagnification.
bioaccumulation in humans?The process through which harmful substances accumulate inside an organism's body is referred to as bioaccumulation. This occurs when a substance is ingested or absorbed and the body cannot sufficiently break it down or eliminate it. One well-known substance that will bioaccumulate in people is mercury.
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The images show a sequence of changes in an organism. What is the change and which is necessary for it to occur
The change is the process of metamorphosis, which is the transformation of a larva into an adult organism. This change is necessary for the organism to reach adulthood and reproduce.
Step 1: Egg Stage: This is the initial stage of an organism's life cycle, in which a fertilized egg is laid.
Step 2: Larva Stage: During this stage, an organism develops the body parts and abilities necessary for survival, such as the ability to move and feed.
Step 3: Pupa Stage: During this stage, the organism undergoes a dramatic transformation, with its body parts changing and rearranging to form the adult organism.
Step 4: Adult Stage: The organism is now fully formed and ready to reproduce.
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the z-line is: select one: a. a protein disk that bisects and anchors the i-band. b. the area between filaments. c. a bundle of myofilaments. d. extensions of the sarcolemma.
The z-line is extensions of the sarcolemma(d)
What is the Z line in a sarcomere?The Z-band (or Z-disk) is a dense fibrous structure made of actin, α-actinin, and other proteins.Thin filaments (or actin filament) are anchored at one end at the Z-band. Titin is anchored to both the Z-band and the M-line. Thick filaments are anchored in the middle of the sarcomere at the M-lineA sarcomere is defined as the segment between two neighbouring Z-lines (or Z-discs). In electron micrographs of cross-striated muscle, the Z-line (from the German "zwischen" meaning between) appears in between the I-bands as a dark line that anchors the actin myofilaments.The area between two Z lines, a sarcomere, can be considered to be the primary structural and functional unit directly responsible for muscle contractionTo learn more about Z line refers to:
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Where is Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium function?
The stratified squamous epithelium function Keratinized the outermost layer of cell, Stratum Basale which contains the stem cells of the epidermis.
A kind of stratified epithelium known as keratinized stratified squamous epithelium has many layers of squamous cells, or keratinocytes, with the superficial layer of cells being keratinized. The skin's epidermis is made up of this kind of epithelium.
The maturation process known as keratinization occurs when basal layer of cells travel to the stratum corneum, where they degenerate and are shed off.
Along with the skin, the oral mucosa's friction-sensitive regions, like the gingiva, hard palate, and portions of the tongue, also have keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The stratum lucidum is absent from the keratinized epithelium of the oral mucosa, which otherwise resembles the epidermis.
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a dividing eukaryotic cell is treated with a drug that inhibits the molecular motors associated with kinetochores. at which cell cycle stage would it stop?
A dividing eukaryotic cell is treated with a drug that inhibits the molecular motors associated with kinetochores. The cell cycle would stop at M (anaphase).
The cell cycle is a sequence of stages in which chromosomes and other cell components double to generate two copies of themselves. The cell then splits into two daughter cells, each of which receives one copy of the duplicated material. When each daughter cell has its own outer membrane, the cell cycle is complete.
Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase are the five phases of the cell cycle. The cell cycle's most fundamental job is to perfectly replicate the massive quantity of DNA in the chromosomes and then partition the copies into two cells that are genetically identical.
The cell splits its copy DNA and cytoplasm to form two new cells throughout the mitotic (M) phase. Mitosis and cytokinesis are two different division-related mechanisms that occur during M phase.
Anaphase is the fourth stage of mitosis, and it is the process by which the duplicated genetic material held in the nucleus of a parent cell is separated into two identical daughter cells.
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Complete question :
A dividing eukaryotic cell is treated with a drug that inhibits the molecular motors associated with kinetochores. At which cell cycle stage would it stop?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M (anaphase)
e. M (telophase)
is this statement true or false? the digestive tract of the elderly are often worn out and do not absorb nutrients and fluids well. responses true true false
The digestive tract of the elderly are often worn out and do not absorb nutrients and fluids well. [TRUE]
ABOUT MAINTAIN THE HEALTH OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT
Entering old age, a person needs to be more careful in maintaining health, including digestive health. Everyday Health reports that increasing age is also followed by a decrease in the function of the digestive system. The muscles of the digestive tract become stiffer, weaker, and less efficient. The tissue is easily damaged and tends to be slow to produce new cells.
One way for parents to maintain digestive health is to follow a special diet and maintain the body's nutritional intake. This includes staying away from various foods that trigger digestive and metabolic system problems. Parents are also prioritized to consume immune-boosting foods to maintain their health. What should be prohibited or reduced consumption?
First, the elderly are advised not to consume spicy food. The spicy taste can cause stomach acid to rise which risks causing a burning feeling in the throat. In addition, foods with super spicy levels can trigger stomach or intestinal irritation.
Apart from being spicy, the elderly should also stay away from foods that are too acidic. Not a sour taste, but food has a high pH. These acidic foods can trigger stomach acid, headaches, disturbances in blood flow, and muscle aches.
The elderly are also expected to stay away from soft drinks. Soda drinks contain excess sugar. Unprocessed sugar content in the body will become fat in the stomach. If consumed in large quantities and frequently, sugar also has an effect on tooth decay. After consuming drinks and foods that are high in sugar, the elderly are advised to brush their teeth.
Meanwhile, consuming large amounts of caffeine can also increase high blood pressure which results in headaches, blurry vision, nausea, irregular heartbeat, and fatigue. This is not good for the elderly who need adequate and regular rest time.
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you have a malady which prevents your body from maintaining homeostasis in part because your blood vessels aren't able to properly constrict or dilate. what layer of your blood vessel is responsible for this issue?
Tunica media prevents the body from maintaining homeostasis in part because your blood vessels aren't able to properly constrict or dilate. what layer of your blood vessel is responsible for this issue.
The elements of the circulatory system that circulate blood throughout the body are the blood vessels. Through these veins, the body's tissues receive oxygen, nutrients, and blood cells. They also remove carbon dioxide and trash from the tissues. Since blood arteries are required for the normal functioning of every tissue in the body, they are essential to maintaining life. There are five primary types of blood vessels: arteries, which take blood away from the heart; arterioles; capillaries, which serve as the sites of chemical and water exchange between the blood and tissues; venules; and veins, which transport blood from the capillaries back to the heart.
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As before, you self several wild-type plants from the F2 and again determine that some of them are pure-breeding.What can you conclude from these results?For each statement, choose the correct response by selecting only from the three answer choices to the left of that statement. Drag the correct answer to the right of each statement.
The conclusions from these results are as follows:
1. true2. recombination3. 9:3:44. recessive epistasisA recessive epistasis occurs when one gene's recessive allele conceals the expression of all alleles of another gene. Here's an example of epistasis in the mouse characteristic of hair colour. In a Punnett square, it shows recessive epistasis. For polygenetic hair colour, both parent mice are heterozygous, BbCc.
Labrador retriever colour is a frequent example of recessive epistasis. Color genes in Labrador retrievers only come in black or chocolate, however yellow Labrador retrievers emerge when recessive epistatic genes at the 'extension' locus prevent colour from reaching the fur. Dominant epistasis occurs when a dominant allele hides the expression of both recessive and dominant alleles at other loci. When the recessive allele covers the expression, it is called recessive epistasis.
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A mutant bacterial cell has a defective aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that attaches a Lysine to tRNAs with the anticodon AAA instead of the normal Phenylalanine. The consequence of this for the cell will be that: O None of the proteins in the cell will contain phenylalanine O Proteins in the cell will include Lysine instead of phenylalanine at amino acid positions specified by the codon UUU O The cell will compensate for the defect by attaching both lysine and phenylalanine to tRNAs with lysine-specific anticodons O The ribosome will not attach any amino acid when it reaches a UUU codon O The cell will compensate for the defect by attaching phenylalanine to tRNAs with lysine-specific anticodons
A faulty aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase in a mutant bacterial cell adds a lysine to tRNAs with the anticodon AAA rather than the typical phenylalanine. The consequence of this for the cell will be that proteins in the cell will include lysine instead of phenylalanine at amino acid positions specified by the codon UUU.
The process by which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum generate proteins after the nucleus of the cell has converted DNA to RNA is known as translation. This entire process is known as gene expression.
Outside the nucleus, a ribosome decodes messenger RNA (mRNA) to produce a particular amino acid chain or polypeptide. The polypeptide subsequently folds into an active protein that serves cellular activities. The ribosome aids decoding by inducing complementary tRNA anticodon sequences to bind to mRNA codons. As the mRNA goes through and is "read" by the ribosome, the tRNAs carry particular amino acids that are linked together to form a polypeptide.
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What type of reproduction is favored in highly variable or unpredictable environments when survival rate of offspring is low?
Semelparity is encouraged in situations that are highly variable and unpredictable and is related with mass reproduction. Typically, only a small percentage of offspring survive and they mature sexually quickly.
After their first reproduction, many plant and animal species experience extinction. Semelparity refers to this, and iteroparity refers to its opposite (which involves continuing to reproduce). As an alternative to semelparity and iteroparity in plants, the terms monocarpy and polycarpy are occasionally employed. However, the term "monocarpy" can also be used more narrowly to refer to plants in which specific shoots, but not always the entire plant, die after reproduction. Annual and biennial plants, specific insect species, and a variety of spider species are examples of short-lived semelparous species. All annual plants are semelparous, but not all perennial plants are iteroparous, which is an important distinction to make.
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