Please answer 9,10
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glass soil implements The best way to store blood as evidence is in leak-proof plastic containers like film canisters..

When feasible, supplied evidence must be in sealed containers. The ideal sealing technique is evidence tape. The officer's initials and the date the seal was sealed must be written on the seal. Any evidence that may be subject to forensic biology/DNA analysis requests needs to be handled carefully.

Plastic or paper Wet evidence should be packaged in paper containers (wet evidence can decay if placed inside plastic containers), and dry evidence should be packaged in plastic, according to a general rule of thumb. Cross-contaminated items need to be packaged individually.

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Answer:

The largest classification group is the domain.

The virus is considered an exception to the cell theory because the virus contains genetic material but no organelles. Thus option B is correct.

Viruses are the infectious microbes, a connecting link between living and nonliving organism that contain a nucleic acids covered by a protein coat.

Virus can reproduce at a spectacular rate and live in host cells, They are acellular as they have no cytoplasm or cellular organelles.

They  do not have their own machinery so for their metabolism depend on their host and replicate by using the metabolic machinery of the host cell.

viruses can not grow and divide and the new viral components are synthesized and assembled into the infected host cell, they have DNA or RNA but not both.

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The nervous  and  endocrine systems are closely related and both are closely involved  in conditions of homeostasis. Endocrine dysfunction can lead to a variety of neurological symptoms such as  acute encephalopathy including headache, myopathy and coma.

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Basic units of information in a DNA molecule are required to encode a single amino acid with 3 nucleotides.

Amino acids are molecules that combine to shape proteins. Amino acids and proteins are the building blocks of life. when proteins are digested or damaged, amino acids are left. The human frame makes use of amino acids to make proteins to help the body: wreck down food.

An amino acid is an organic molecule that is made from a basic amino institution (−NH2), an acidic carboxyl organization (−COOH), and a natural R institution (or aspect chain) that is precise to every amino acid. The time period amino acid is short for α-amino [alpha-amino] carboxylic acid.Nov 9, 2022

Amino acids, particularly, are typically secure to apply every day, so long as they may be not fed on in large amounts. due to the fact the dietary desires of various human beings can range broadly, it's hard to say exactly what the top restriction is probably for amino acids in widespread.

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Garstang's Auricularia hypothesis suggests that ancestral vertebrates may have evolved from urochordate larvae.

What is Garstang's Auricularia?

The auricularia hypothesis, proposed by Garstang was an attempt to explain how the chordate body plan originated from a deuterostome common ancestor by emphasizing the significance of changes in larval forms. According to the Garstang Hypothesis, development of sexual maturity in a non-metamorphosing lineage of tunicates might provide the immediate proto-chordate ancestors of more typical chordates.

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Answer:

Mollusca

Explanation:

They have soft body. They are fully or partially enclosed in calcium carbonate shell.

Answer:

I hope this helps.

Explanation:

Answer:

The highest reaction rate of cellulose enzyme is at temperature 60 degrees Celcius.

Explanation:

There are some factors that influence the enzyme activity.

1. Temperature

2. pH

3. substrate concentration

4. enzyme concentration

In the beginning, the enzyme (cellulose) is in inactive condition. It can be seen from the low amount of gas produced.

As the temperature increase, the enzyme start reacting by binding more substrate (cellulose) and releasing more product (methane). In human cell, mostly enzyme can work best at optimum temperature around 40 degrees Celcius, while in bacteria may exceed this. Based on the graph shown, the enzyme perform very well at 60 degrees Celcius since the gas produced reach the highest amount, is 5 ml.

As temperature level higher than its optimum, the reaction rate decrease since the enzyme which is made of protein start denaturating. In this condition, enzyme unable to react with the substrate as well as produce a product anymore.

In conclusion, the highest reaction rate of cellulose enzyme is at temperature 60 degrees Celcius.

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Rattlesnakes' TRPA1 (transient receptor potential ankyrin 1) type of receptors enable them to sense the body heat of their prey species.

The only member of the TRPA gene subfamily found in mammals is TRPA1. According to recent studies, mustard oil, a painful and inflammatory irritant, targets TRPA1 in peripheral sensory neurons, suggesting that it functions to cause pain and neurogenic inflammation.

When TRPA1 is activated, a key component of its signaling mechanism is the local release of substance P, also known as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which attracts immune cells, causes vasodilatation and plasma extravasation, and promotes neurogenic inflammation.

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In the scenario described, she has a 50% chance of receiving the mutant gene from her father. A deleterious mutation in the tumour suppressor gene BRCA1 can lead to hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome in both men and women. Breast cancer is the real name for the BRCA gene.

A tumour suppressor gene is BRCA1.

These genes generally prevent breast, ovarian, and other cell types from growing and dividing too quickly or in an uncontrolled manner.

Females who have these gene mutations develop malignant cells.

Regardless of gender, it can be passed on from generation to generation.

Men can acquire these genes.

If a guy has a mutant gene, there is a 50/50 probability that his daughter or any other offspring will also have a mutated gene.

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RNAV (GPS) at RWY the minimum altitude to cross the claim intersection when conducting an RWY 6 approach is 4,300 MSL.

Pilots are allowed to utilize a variety of area navigation tools, including GPS, but it is not necessary. They allow particular VOR/DME RNAV equipment to "move" the VOR virtually a certain DME distance along a documented radial, so creating waypoints on the final approach path.

A system called NAV makes it possible to navigate between any two points without having to fly over any ground-based stations. Satellite-based RNAV systems are collectively referred to as GNSS. The GNSS that the USA manages is called GPS. Other examples include Galileo by the EU and GLONASS by Russia.

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Evolutionary biologists have suggested that the symptoms of physiological degeneration that accompany old age in humans are genetically predisposed outcomes.

Corticobasal degeneration is a neurological (brain) disorder. It damages cells to your brain, inflicting elements of it to shrink (atrophy). The ailment’s signs may also first seem on one facet of your body, however ultimately have an effect on each aspects because the ailment progresses. With progression, you progressively lose your capacity to talk, swallow and move. The ailment can also have an effect on different regions of thinking, inclusive of judgment and memory.

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Answer: Without the Sun, these plants can’t get the energy they need to grow. The Sun is also the primary source of vitamin D for animals, which is essential for their growth. Vitamin D provides calcium, which helps form strong bones and teeth. Animals get vitamin D directly by exposure to the Sun or indirectly by eating plants.

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Answer:

The correct answer choice is choice B.

Explanation:

Protein synthesis is process in which polypeptide chains are formed from coded combinations of single amino acids inside the cell. The synthesis of new polypeptides requires a coded sequence, enzymes, and messenger, ribosomal, and transfer ribonucleic acids (RNAs).

Meselson and Stahl experiment best explains the semi conservative mode of DNA replication.

What is the Meselson and Stahl experiment?

Replication is the process of making copies, i.e., duplication.

Meselson and Stahl experiment was the experimental proof for semiconservative mode of DNA replication.

Matthew Meselson and franklin Stahl conducted an experiment in 1958 on E.coli to study DNA replication.

Meselson and stahl took two isotopes of nitrogen (N14 and N15). They cultured E.coli in medium containing the N15 isotope for many generations. So the N15 was incorporated into the bacterial DNA, as a result. Then they used the N14 isotope. After regulars intervals of time, they checked density of DNA.

The first sample with N15 (after 20 mins) had bacterial DNA with intermediate density. The second sample with N14 (after 40 mins) had intermediate and light density DNAs.

Based off their observations, Meselson and Stahl concluded that DNA can replicate semi conservatively.

Therefore, Meselson and Stahl experiment best explains the semi conservative mode of DNA replication.

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Secretory igA is found in the secretions that coat mucus membranes, thereby preventing pathogens from colonizing mucosal surfaces.The various methods that bacteria have evolved to evade or inactivate these antibodies are intracellular parthenogenesis. The various antibacterial defense systems help the microbes to survive the attack.

It is the primary defense system that a body develops in order to create a defense mechanisms against the bacteria.

Secretory igA is found in the secretions that coat mucus membranes, thereby preventing pathogens from colonizing mucosal surfaces. The various bacteria grow in such a way that the antibodies are not able to provide them enough of attack in order to protect.

The various antibodies are generated in response to the antigens that a body gets to witness.

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The difference between these domains is that the cell wall of bacteria contains peptidoglycan, whereas the cell wall of archaea does not.

Their role in biogeochemical cycles is essential, contributing to important ecosystem processes such as soil formation, maintenance and function. Bacteria and archaea are the only organisms that can obtain energy from redox reactions that do not involve carbon bonding.

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The resulting cells would be very different in size.

In animal cells, cytokinesis starts offevolved in anaphase, with the mitotic spindle figuring out the starting role of the contractile ring to shape. In telophase, this ring becomes energetic, and the cleavage furrow paperwork and deepens until only a skinny attachment, the midbody, stays.

Cytokinesis starts in anaphase and ends in telophase, reaching completion as the following interphase starts. the first visible trade of cytokinesis in an animal cellular is the surprising appearance of a pucker, or cleavage furrow, at the cell surface.

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Chloroplast is an eukaryotic organelles that might have evolved from small independent green prokaryotes that took up residence in a bigger prokaryotic cells.

Chloroplast is the cell organelle that is present only in green plants and some fungi that can make their own food. Chloroplast are believed to be evolved from prokaryotes and are called semi-autonomous because they have their own DNA which can make some of the proteins needed by the organelle.

Prokaryotes are the organisms that have the primitive type of cell with no true nuclei. Instead their genetic material lies as an aggregate in the cytoplasm itself and is called nucleoid.

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Fat located underneath the skin, also known as subcutaneous fat is essential fat.

A necessary part of everyday nutrition is fat. It is necessary for flavor in food as well as for proper cellular function, energy, protection of essential organs, insulation, and cushioning.

There are two different forms of fat that the body stores: necessary fat and nonessential fat.

The bare minimum of fat required for healthy physiological function is known as essential fat. Essential fat values are commonly thought to be 3% and 12% for men and women, respectively. Unneeded fat is defined as fat that is present in excess of the bare minimum.

Therefore, Fat located underneath the skin, also known as subcutaneous fat is essential fat.

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The X chromosome is typically involved in chromosomal abnormalities. The only chromosome pair in which the two chromosomes are considerably dissimilar in size is X and Y.

This explains why sex chromosome nondisjunction seems to happen more frequently than autosome nondisjunction. Not to incite a sex conflict, but the X chromosome—which males have one of while females have two—is five times larger and contains ten times as many genes as the Y chromosome. So, compared to the Y chromosome, it carries more traits and diseases.Changes in the number of chromosomes are the root cause of various chromosomal disorders. These alterations take place at random during the development of reproductive cells; they are not inherited (eggs and sperm). Reproductive cells with an incorrect number of chromosomes are the result of a cell division defect called nondisjunction.

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Factors such as behavioral, temporal, or ecological isolation mechanisms that prevent two closely related sympatric populations from interbreeding can be grouped together and classified as Prezygotic isolation mechanism.

Prezygotic isolation stops egg fertilization, whereas postzygotic isolation stops the development of fertile offspring. There are several prezygotic isolation techniques, including as habitat isolation, ecological isolation , isolation during mating seasons, mechanical isolation, isolation of gametes, and behavioral isolation.

Some flower species serve as an illustration for this, producing pollen when only other flowers of the same species are receptive to it. To ensure reproductive isolation, related species from different phyla generate pollen at different times. Because the gametes never come together to form a zygote, this is an example of prezygotic isolation.

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Individual fruit flies (Drosophila) typically have orange-red eyes. However, some mutant versions have white eyes and lack the red pigment. The fruit fly's reaction to light is altered by these eye color changes.

A new study using fruit flies supports one benefit of sex: It favors advantageous mutations. A female who reproduces asexually transmits all of her genes, whereas a sexually active female only transmits half of her genes.

Wildly bred fruit flies occasionally have crimson eyes. A recessive gene causes brown and sepia eyes, which can only appear when two sepia-eyed flies mate.

Therefore, fruit flies with white, vermilion, and cinnabar eyes are mutations that are far less frequent.

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Free fatty acids and monoglycerides are transported to the liver via  hepatic portal vein.

Free fatty acids and monoglycerides are absorbed by the small intestine's mucosal lining and subsequently enter the epithelial cells. The endoplasmic reticulum is a mechanism inside the cell that performs lipid synthesis and transport. Once inside the cells, free fatty acids and monoglycerides enter this system. In this process, triglycerides are created from the digested products. The primary type of fat that the body stores  is called triglycerides. Because of this, the digestion of fat differs from the digestion of proteins and carbs. We can observe that when proteins and carbohydrates are absorbed, their building blocks—amino acids and monosaccharides—pass through the intestinal epithelial cells unaltered. Triglycerides are coated by proteins before to leaving the epithelial cells, which causes in the chylomicron development. The triglyceride is given a water-soluble coat by the protein coating, enabling the chylomicron to exit the cell. The freshly produced chylomicrons exit the epithelial cell and go into the lacteal lymphatic capillaries. The lacteals are located in the villi, which are finger-like protrusions of the intestinal wall. Because lipids travel through the lymphatic system before returning to the bloodstream, the lacteals represent another distinctive method that fats are absorbed. As opposed to amino acids and monosaccharides, which flow directly into blood capillaries and subsequently into the hepatic portal vein, which leads to the liver, fatty acids, enter the lymphatic system during the digestion of proteins and carbohydrates. In the gut, dietary carbs are broken down to produce simple sugar molecules.

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In the leaf cutter ant colony, the ants clip leaves to feed a fungus garden. The ants feed on the fungus, and the fungus provides the ants with a food source. This is a mutualistic relationship because both the ants and the fungus benefit from the relationship.

The ants benefit from the relationship by having a ready supply of food. The fungi benefit from the relationship by having a source of food (the leaves) and a place to live (the garden). The fungi also produce a substance that the ants use to protect their gardens from other fungi.

Without the fungi, the leaf cutter ants would not be able to digest the leaves they eat. Without the leaf cutter ants, the fungi would not have a place to live and would not get the food it needs. Therefore, the relationship between leaf cutter ants and their fungus gardens is mutualistic.

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Occasional brief periods of stress: boost the activity of the immune system.

Short-term stress can boost the immune system because it prepares the organism's body to deal with the challenges that can be mental, physical or physiological. The stress can trigger the survival instinct of the organism which in turn boosts the immune system.

Immune system is comprised of cells, tissues and organs that all function together to protect the body against foreign invaders. The main cells involved in the immune system are the white blood cells. Along with these other constituents of immune system are the organs like bone marrow, spleen, various proteins like antibodies, etc.

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The many microorganisms that live in close association with humans are termed normal human microbiota or microflora.

The human microbiota includes the 10-100 trillion symbiotic microbial cells harbored with the aid of using every person, on the whole micro organism withinside the gut; the human microbiome includes the genes those cells harbor.

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The frequency of this light is  4.53 x 10¹⁴s⁻¹ when light having a wavelength of 662 nm absorbs by chlorophyll pigment.

For calculating the wavelength of light, use the equation,

λ= c/v

Where,

λ = wavelength of the light =  662 nm

c = speed of light = 3.0 x 10⁸ m/s

v = frequency of light = ?

v = 3.0 x 10⁸/662 x 10⁻⁹ =  4.53 x 10¹⁴s⁻¹

Therefore, the wavelength of 662 nm having a frequency of this light is  4.53 x 10¹⁴s⁻¹ is absorbed by the chlorophyll of plants.

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