Please Answer all questions
1.
Observe the geologic cross section. Which layer is the oldest?
A
F
G
K
2.
What would you classify F as?
intrusion
inclusion
rock layer
fault
3.
Which of the following unconformities are present in this geologic cross section?
disconformity
angular unconformity
nonconformity
4.
J(Zoroaster granite) is older than F (basalt).
True
False
5.
Which stratigraphy principle(s) is/are used to determine the history of this cross section? (select all that apply)
Principle of Original Horizontality
Principle of Superposition
Principle of Lateral Continuity
Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships
6.
What is the geologic history of this cross section?
Time to summarize the history of this geologic cross section. When writing about layers, you may refer to them by their designated letter (i.e. K) or the layer name (i.e. Vishnu Schist). Be sure to write in full, complete sentences using proper grammar and punctuation.
Answers
The chronology of the cross-section of rocks strata is given as follows:
From the marked geologic cross-section, the oldest layer is K. K, which represents Schist - a Metamorphic rock. (Option D)F can be classified as an intrusion (Option A)The unconformity that is present in the geologic cross section is "angular unconformity" (Option B) This is shown in layers (ABCDLE)It is true to state that J is older than F.The stratigraphy principles used to determine the history of this cross-section are Options A, B, C, and D.The geologic history of the cross-section is such that:According to the principle of Superposition, the history of the geologic cross-section from oldest to youngest is given as follows:
KJMELDCBAFIH andG.What is the principle of superposition?The law of superposition is a geological principle that geologists use to determine the relative ages of rock strata or layers. Layers of rock are overlaid or laid down one on top of another in this notion. The oldest layers of rock will be at the bottom, followed by the youngest.
Alternatively, the superposition rule is a key notion of stratigraphy that asserts that the oldest layer is at the bottom of a series of sedimentary rock layers and the layers are gradually younger with ascending order in the sequence.
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Related Questions
There is only one piece of evidence that supports the mammal competition hypothesis. After viewing the details of this evidence and its relation to the mammal competition hypothesis, do you think this is a widely accepted conclusion in the scientific community? explain your answer. (site 1).
Answers
Mammals undoubtedly thrived after the extinction of the dinosaurs, and fossil records indicate that this happened suddenly.
Therefore, I agree with the scientific community.
The idea of mammal competitiveness.
The fossil records typically provide proof for the mammal opposition theory. A sudden extinction of dinosaurs indicates a cataclysmic event.
According to the fossil report, depending on the region and interpretation Different things, mammals undoubtedly flourished after the extinction of the dinosaurs, but it is unclear whether they faced minimal competition or frequently engaged in competition for scarce resources.
Mammals might return outside once the heat was shut off and make the most of the available food supplies. Although there may not have been enough food for dinosaurs, mammals' more diversified appetites helped them to survive.
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Why is it important not to leave fingerprints or scratch the sample cells in spectrophotometric measurements?.
Answers
Using the theories of the cell, we got that Scratches and fingerprints on the surface of the cell can decrease the amount of light that reaches the detector is the reason not to leave fingerprints or scratch the sample cells in spectrophotometric measurements.
This instrument depends on a careful usage to measure accurately the concentration in an specific solution. The wavelength can be inaccurate if some procedures were not done during the preparation process.
When cleaning the cuvette or manipulating it, always use a lint free cloth and make sure that you removed any drops of water that might have fallen into the cuvette.
Hence, the reason not to leave fingerprints or scratch the sample cells in spectrophotometric measurements is because Scratches and the fingerprints on the surface of the cell can decrease the amount of light that reaches the detector.
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what is the difference between the types of muscular tissue? what is the main function of each one?
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Muscles are of three types, skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
1.Skeletal muscles are muscles that are linked to bones. Abdominal muscles and biceps are two examples.Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles, meaning you control how and when they move and work. Nerves in your somatic nervous system send signals to make them function. If you reach for a book on a shelf, you’re using skeletal muscles in your neck, arm and shoulder.
2.Smooth muscles are found in the walls of internal organs such as the intestine and blood vessels.Smooth muscle makes up your organs, blood vessels, digestive tract, skin and other areas. Smooth muscles are involuntary, too. So, your autonomic nervous system controls them as well. For example, muscles in your urinary system help rid your body of waste and toxins.
3.Cardiac muscle tissue is contractile tissue present only in the heart. Cardiac muscles are only in your heart. They help your heart pump blood throughout your body. They’re involuntary muscles that your autonomic nervous system controls. That means they work without you having to think about it.
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h. erectus's distinctive nucal torus suggests his species, but another physical trait is a more reliable way to id a h. erectus: what is it?
Answers
The physical feature of Homo Erectus is the supraorbital torus.
Homo Erectus tended to have thick skull bones. They also share several thickened or strengthened areas of the skull, including the:
Supraorbital torus: It is present in all of the H. erectus fossil skulls and is thick and prominent in many of them.Nuchal torus: The thickened bony shaft above the neck muscle attachment area, at the back of the skull. More or less thick and projecting distinct individual fossils, it is present in almost all adults of H. Erectus.Corner torus: Area of thickening associated with the most posterior attachment of the temporalis muscle, to the parietal bone.Sagittal knee: H. erectus crania often have areas that are flat on either side of the midline, forming an angle along the top of the skull. This can be in the frontal bone, in the parietal, or both.Learn more about the physical features of Homo Erectus https://brainly.com/question/16521810
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when a circular dna gets underrotated by the action of cellular enzymes, the dna is said to exhibit negative supercoiling. positive supercoiling. relaxed state. bubbling.
Answers
When a circular DNA gets underrotated by the action of cellular enzymes, the DNA is said to exhibit Negative supercoiling.
Negative supercoiling is a form of DNA underwinding in which the number of twists is less than what is predicted by the number of helical turns. This can be caused by enzymes that unwind DNA, or by DNA-binding proteins that bend or distort the molecule.Negative supercoiling makes DNA more compact and can affect its function, such as by affecting the binding of proteins. The double helical, right-handed type of DNA is called positive supercoiling. It is tightly twisted in a right-handed manner until a knot-like helix forms. DNA has a left-handed, double helical structure known as negative supercoiling. Negative supercoil' s knot has a high twisting stress despite the helix being underwound and having low twisting stress.
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a person in an emergency situation is unable to eat for several weeks. which of the following would provide most of the energy that this person would need to survive? a. fat b. bones c. muscle glycogen d. blood glucose e. liver glycogen
Answers
Fat would provide most of the energy that this person would need to survive.
Why would fat provide most of the energy to survive?Lipids include а diverse group of compounds thаt аre united by а common feаture. Lipids аre hydrophobic, or insoluble in wаter, becаuse they аre nonpolаr molecules. This is becаuse they аre hydrocаrbons thаt include only nonpolаr cаrbon-cаrbon or cаrbon-hydrogen bonds. Lipids perform mаny different functions in а cells. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of lipids cаlled fаts.
Fаt is the most cаlorie dense food аnd hаving а storаble, high cаlorie compаct energy source would be importаnt to survivаl.
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In the 1920s, hermann muller discovered that x-rays caused genetic changes in the fruit fly drosophila. In a related series of experiments in the 1940s, other scientists discovered that other types of chemicals have a similar effect. A new chemical food additive is developed by a cereal manufacturer. Why is it necessary to test for its ability to cause mutation?.
Answers
A new chemical food additive was developed by a cereal manufacturer and it was necessary to test for its ability to cause mutation because they wanted to prevent any chance that it might cause mutations.
What is Mutation?This is usually caused by an alteration of single base units in DNA therefore resulting in a change in the structure of a gene and may be transmitted t subsequent generations of the species.
Since it was discovered that x-rays and other chemical compounds had the possibility to cause mutation then necessary tests and observations have to be done by trained professionals.
This is to ensure that any form of chance that might cause mutations is prevented so as to make it safe for eating and is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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The enzyme carbonic anhydrase is a protein that binds to two small molecules: water and carbon dioxide. By holding the two molecules in the proper position, the enzyme allows the two molecules to react to form a product, carbonic acid. The enzyme then releases the product and becomes available to catalyze the same reaction once again.
Carbonic anhydrase is found in the bloodstream of the human body. The bloodstream is usually at a temperature of 37°C. How might an increase in a person’s body temperature affect the function of carbonic anhydrase and other enzymes in the body? Be sure to explain any effects on the enzyme itself and the reaction that it catalyzes.
Answers
The enzyme then releases the product and becomes available to catalyze the same reaction once again in Carboxyl and amino groups.
The enzyme carbonic anhydrase is a protein that binds two small molecules water and carbon dioxide. By holding the two molecules in place the enzyme allows them to react to form the product carbonic acid. Carbonic anhydrase facilitates the reaction of carbon dioxide with water to produce hydrogen and bicarbonate ions.
Le Chatelier's principle is used to describe the equilibrium in the carbonic anhydrase reaction. The active site of carbonic anhydrase contains a zinc atom and a water molecule bound to three histidine residues. Produces bicarbonate ions and transports CO2 to plasma.
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The genetic code consists of ____ codons that specify amino acids, and ____ codons that do not specify amino acids.
Answers
The genetic code is made up of 3 codons that do not identify any amino acids and 61 codons that do.
The genetic code specifies how many amino acids.A, U, G, and C, the four nucleotides found in mRNA, can be combined in 64 different ways thanks to the codons' three-letter structure. 64 codons are present; 61 of them correspond to amino acids, and the final three to stop signals that mark the end of protein synthesis.
Three of the 64 potential codons do not code for amino acids but rather signal the end of a protein instead. The 61 codons that remain describe the 20 amino acids that go into proteins. The beginning of the DNA contains the AUG codon, which codes for methionine in addition of each mRNA and signifies the beginning of a protein.
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If a mother has some mutations in her mitochondrial dna, who will inherit the mutations?.
Answers
The mitochondrial mode of inheritance is strictly maternal, whereas nuclear genomes are inherited similarly from each dad and mom. therefore, mitochondria-related disease mutations also are constantly inherited maternally.
Mutations in mt DNA can both be inherited or sporadically obtained in the course of existence. Inherited mutations are randomly segregated among number one oocytes and between one-of-a-kind tissues. paintings assessing mutation load in specific fetal tissues has validated that mutation load is comparable throughout tissues [8].
Mitochondrial DNA mutations at excessive levels motive mitochondrial dysfunction, with a view to have consequencezs on ATP levels and different cell strategies. This mitochondrial dysfunction may then be the motive of neuronal loss in some of illnesses.
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which of these contain phytochemicals? question 14 options: a) tomatoes b) egg yolks c) fish d) all of the above
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Phytochemicals are present in tomatoes.
Lycopene is a sort of phytochemical, right?One of the many colors found in plants known as carotenoids is lycopene. From the yellow color of squash to the orange color of pumpkins to the red color of tomatoes, carotenoids produce a variety of hues.
What phytochemical causes red tomatoes?Because the phytochemical lycopene is present, most tomatoes turn red when they are ripe (a biologically active compound produced by plants). They are rich in chlorophyll, a phytochemical that also contributes to the green color of young tomatoes.
How do phytochemicals work?Plants contain substances called phytochemicals.
Foods made from plants, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and legumes, contain these compounds.
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which is the best definition of generation time? multiple choice 4 the time it takes for the number of cells in a population to double. the 24 hours it takes for cells to achieve maximum growth rate. the time it takes for a bacterial cell to complete one round of mitosis. the time it takes for a bacterial cell to duplicate its dna. the time it takes it takes for a bacterial population to exponentially decrease.
Answers
The time it takes for the number of cells in a population to double is called Generation time.
The generation time measures how long it takes a bacterium under ideal conditions to produce two daughter cells. The generation time of the majority of medically relevant bacteria is 20 minutes. Some might even need more time—18 to 24 hours.The amount of time it takes for a colony of bacteria to double in size is known as the generation time. The generation time for various bacteria ranges from a few minutes to several hours. Bacteria multiply through geometric progression—their population doubles every generation—thanks to binary fission.The generation time of an organism varies greatly among species and plays a significant role in the life cycle, life history, and evolution of that species.To know more about Generation time check the below link:
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Why will the microbiota in the vagina of a woman of reproductive age differ from that of the same woman before puberty and after menopause?.
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The vagina stores a large amount of glycogen during the reproductive years, which Lactobacillus acidophilus ferments to produce lactic acid and an acidic environment. Before and after menopause, glycogen is missing.
What affects the microbiome in the vagina?Age, ethnicity, and physiological elements including monthly hormone variations and the immune system all have an impact on the vaginal microbiota's extremely dynamic composition.
What creates the oil that skin-dwelling microorganisms enjoy living in?Sebaceous glands secrete the lipid-rich material known as sebum by joining with the hair follicle to form the pilosebaceous unit. Sebum is a hydrophobic coating that serves as an antibacterial barrier, lubricant, and shield for the skin and hair.
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Which of the following structures is found in a plant cell but NOT an animal cell?
Answers
Answer: A LARGE CENTRAL VACUOLE
Explanation:
Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts and other specialized plastids, and a large central vacuole, which are not found within animal cells.
One group of rabbits lives in a forest in New York. Another group of rabbits of the same species lives in a forest in Connecticut. Are these two groups of rabbits part of the same population? Explain your answer
Answers
Yes. The two groups of rabbits are part of the same population.
What is a population?In biology, a population refers to a group of individuals of the same species living within the same particular geographical area at a particular time.
From the definition, 3 factors are important for a group of living organisms to be of the same population:
They must be of the same speciesThey must be within the same geographical boundaryThey must be there at the same timeIn the illustration, the first group of rabbits lives in a forest in New York while the second group lives in Connecticut. When you consider the fact that-
the two populations consist of rabbits of the same speciesNew York and Connecticut are just about 96 miles apart- you know that the two populations are likely from the same population but become separated geographically as a result of human activities.
If these two populations do not interact in any way for a long time and the environmental factors of New York differ from that of Connecticut, they may eventually evolve to become different populations.
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what would be the impact on lymph formation if the osmotic force at the venous end of the capillary was more successful at recovering fluid lost at the arterial end?
Answers
The hydrostatic pressure drops from the venule end to the arteriole end as fluid flows through the capillary. Near the venule end, the osmotic pressure in the interstitium, which is essentially constant, will be greater than the capillary hydrostatic pressure.
When the blood pressure at a capillary's venous end is lower than the osmotic pressure, fluid enters the blood vessel. Blood always flows in the direction of its gradient of concentration. It travels from the capillaries to the venules and then to the veins, which return it to the heart.
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some chemicals can pass through the cell membrane, but others cannot. not all chemicals can pass through a cell membrane with equal ease. the cell membrane determines which chemicals can diffuse into or out of a cell. this is called a __________ membrane because it does not allow all chemicals to freely move.
Answers
Some chemical compounds can pass via the mobile membrane, but others cannot. not all chemical substances can skip through a cell membrane with identical ease the cell membrane determines which chemical substances can diffuse into or out of a cell. this is called a cell membrane as it does now not allow all chemical compounds to freely pass.
The cell membrane's predominant trait is its selective permeability, because of this that it lets in some materials to pass it without problems, but now not others. Small molecules that are nonpolar (don't have any fee) can go through the membrane without problems through diffusion, but ions (charged molecules) and large molecules generally can't.
Cell membranes are an example of semi-permeable membranes. cellular membranes allow small molecules which include oxygen, water carbon dioxide, and oxygen to pass via however do not permit large molecules like glucose, sucrose, proteins, and starch to go into the cell immediately.
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Question 6
The model shows parts of an atom. What term iden-
tifies the parts of the atom labeled with a Y?
X
Answers
Most of an atom's mass comes from the protons and neutrons that make up its nucleus. The electron is the least massive particle in the atom, with a mass of 9.11 x 10-31 kg, too small to be measured by current techniques.
The current atomic model can be decomposed into three elements protons neutrons and electrons. Each of these moieties has an associated charge, protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge, and neutrons have no net charge. Each electron follows a specific path around the nucleus.
The diagram below shows some elementary particles. The atomic structure of matter consists of protons electrons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons form an atomic nucleus surrounded by electrons that belong to atoms. The atomic number of an element represents the total number of protons in its nucleus.
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which upper gi position best demonstrates a possible gastric diverticulum in the posterior wall of the fundus of the stomach?
Answers
Right lateral position is the upper gi position best demonstrates a possible gastric diverticulum in the posterior wall of the fundus of the stomach.
In the lateral role, the affected person lies on one side. Some not unusual place methods that could require a affected person to be placed withinside the lateral role consist of lower back surgeries, decrease extremity surgeries, thoracic surgeries, Ear Nose Throat (ENT) surgeries, and kidney surgeries.
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Gal80 is mutated such that it cannot interact with gal3. What effect on transcription would you expect to see in the presence of galactose?.
Answers
Transcription is blocked in the presence of galactose .
Galactose performs activities by inhibiting the negative regulator GAL80, while glucose, is responsible for antagonizing GAL4 function by several mechanisms. When galactose is absent, Gal80 binds and inhibits the transcriptional activation domain (AD) of the GAL gene activator, Gal4, preventing GAL gene expression.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL80 gene is a negative regulator of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL4 transcriptional activator. A dimer of GAL80 binds to a GAL4 dimer, GAL4 when binds to UAS sequence it will stop transcription.
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what is it called when each of two species provides the selective pressure that determines which of the other's traits is favored by natural selection?
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when each of two species exerts selective pressure which determines which trait of the other is favored by natural selection it is called Coevolution
In a biological evolutionary context, coevolution refers to the interdependent evolution of at least two species. Coevolution was first described in the context of insects and flowering plants and has since been applied to important evolutionary events such as sexual reproduction, infectious diseases, and ecological communities. Coevolution works by mistakenly pushing each other in two or more ways, like weapons against each other. Classic examples are predator-prey, host-parasite, and other competitive interspecies relationships. The process of coevolution generally involves only two species but may involve many species. In addition, coevolution also creates adjustments for mutual benefit. An example is the evolution of flowering plants and their associated pollinators (such as bees, birds, and other insect species).
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When each of two species provides the selective pressure that determines which of the other's traits is favored by natural selection is called by coevolution.
Explanation:The term coevolution is used to describe when two or more species mutually influence the evolution of the other species.Coevolution in plants is not just evolution of one organism, but coevolution means that two different organisms evolve in response to each other. The result has been an explosion of biodiversity, both in flowering plants and the animals that pollinate them.In biology, coevolution occurs when two or more species influence each other's evolution through the process of natural selection. The term is sometimes used for two traits of the same species that influence each other in evolution as well as coevolution in gene culture.Learn more
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pseudopods are unique structures that belong to... group of answer choices sporozoa ciliophora amebozoa mastigophora
Answers
The correct answer is c. Amoebozoa
Unique structures called pseudopods belong to Amoebozoa.
Protists that are unique among amoebozoans are those that have pseudopods. Pseudopods are transient, cell membrane-based protrusions that serve as means of propulsion and/or feeding. A notable characteristic of an Amoeba's movement is that it resembles crawling. Pseudopods are formed by the cell near the front.
An Amoeba's cytoplasm is made up of plasmasol and is encircled by a more viscous plasma gel. The cytoplasm slides and forms a pseudopodium in front as the plasma gel transforms into plasmasol, propelling the cell forward.
Amoeboid movement is the name for this type of movement. Amoebozoan cells can be separated into two layers of cytoplasm: ectoplasm and endoplasm. The ectoplasm is the transparent outer layer of the cytoplasm, whereas the endoplasm is a granular inner bulk.
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The inheritance pattern of one gene will not affect the inheritance pattern of another gene. This is known as(1 point)
Answers
When the inheritance pattern of one gene will not affect the inheritance pattern of another gene it is known as independent assortment.
What is independent genetic assortment?Independent genetic assortment refers to two or more non-linked genes that are located on different chromosomes and therefore they segregate in an independent way, thereby inheritance patterns are not mutually affected.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that independent genetic assortment makes reference to the independent process of segregation of two or more genes that are located on loci on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.
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which of the following are disadvantages to culturing techniques for diagnosis of infectious diseases?
Answers
Antibiotic susceptibility cannot be addressed with culture techniques. Most pathogens need at least one night to form colonies, and many bacteria cannot be cultivated in lab culture.
What are the restrictions on the ability to diagnose illnesses using culturing techniques?Isolating the actual bacterium that is the cause from other germs in the obtained material might be challenging. - Because incubation takes 18 to 24 hours in culture, several deadly infectious disease cannot be treated swiftly and successfully.
Why does the diagnostic process require a pure culture?To better understand and treat caused diseases, a pure bacterial culture is still necessary for the research of its virulence, susceptibility to antibiotics, and genomic sequence.
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student designed an experiment testing the effect of light distance on the rate of photosynthesis. she placed samples of elodea in test tubes and arranged the tubes at various distances from the light. she then counted the number of bubbles produced to measure the rate of photosynthesis. her results are in the table.
Answers
The amount of oxygen produced can be quantified in order to determine the rate of photosynthesis. Elodea leaves are divided into little pieces, and the cut ends are put into the funnel's stem.
What did Elodea's bubbles in this experiment represent?The bubbles that you observe rising from an elodea cutting's leaves are actually a result of the photosynthesis process. In some types of algae and in plants, photosynthesis takes place. In the process, light energy is changed into a sort of chemical energy that is then stored as sugar.
What substance did we use to examine whether photosynthesis existed in Elodea?To test whether photosynthesis and/or other processes are occurring, you will conduct experiments using the dye Phenol Red in this exercise. In Elodea plants, cellular respiration is taking place. The experiments look into how light affects these processes.
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a researcher performs a gram-stain and a catalase test on a clinical sample. the gram-stained cells are purple cocci. bubbles form when hydrogen peroxide is added to a smear of living cells. these cells could be: group of answer choices staphylococcus aureus clostridium perfringens escherichia coli enterococcus faecalis streptococcus pneumoniae
Answers
Gram-stained cells are purple cocci, bubbles form when hydrogen peroxide is added to a smear of living cells these are streptococcus pneumoniae .
Catalase test is important in order to determine whether a gram-positive cocci is a staphylococci . Catalase is an enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen gas. In the test bacteria are simply mixed with H2O2.
As a result of test if the bubbles appear the bacteria are catalase positive. Peptidoglycan forms about 90% of the cell wall in gram-positive bacteria so they appear blue or purple .
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4. A biologist reads about a study in a peer-reviewed journal where the results do not agree with her
research. this scientist must remain __ and think about how those results might affect her own work
Answers
A biologist reads about a study in a peer-reviewed journal where the results do not agree with her research. this scientist must remain Open minded and think about how those results might affect her own work.
A biologist is a scientist who conducts biological research. Biologists are interested in studying all forms of life on Earth, whether they are single cells, multicellular organisms, or communities of interacting populations. The goal of basic research biologists is to advance knowledge about the natural world.
Most biologists today have one or more academic degrees, such as a bachelor's degree plus an advanced degree, such as a master's degree or a doctorate. Biologists, like other scientists, can be found working in a variety of industries, including academia, nonprofits, private industry, and government. The founder of biology, Francesco Redi, is regarded as one of the greatest biologists of all time.
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which following pair is correctly matched? a.g1 phase - dna replication b.s phase - dna replication c.m phase - cell growth d.g0 phases - cell growth
Answers
In the S phase, DNA replication takes place. In a cell cycle, the S phase, or synthesis phase, comes after the G1 phase. Hence, option b is the correct answer.
What is a cell cycle?The cell cycle consists of four phases, such as the G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, and M phase. Before entering the G1 phase, the cell remains in the G0 phase. G0 is the resting phase, and the cell prepares itself to enter the cell cycle. In the G1 phase, the cell grows in size. In the S phase, DNA replication takes place. In the G2 phase, further growth takes place of the cell. In M phase cell divides.
Hence, option b is the correct answer, as DNA replication takes place in the S phase.
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During meiosis, the process of crossing over results in new combinations of alleles because.
Answers
Answer:
When chromatids "cross over," homologous chromosomes trade pieces of genetic material, resulting in novel combinations of alleles, though the same genes are still present. Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis before tetrads are aligned along the equator in metaphase I.
Explanation:
The transpiration pull is due to the ________ that causes water to move up through the xylem that begins at the surface of mesophyll cells.
Answers
The transpiration pull is due to the negative pressure potential that causes water to move up through the xylem that begins at the surface of mesophyll cells.
Transpiration is the process in which the water travels through the plant and evaporates through the open surfaces of plant like stem, leaves or flowers. Stomata is the main component in the leaves and stem that causes transpiration.
Negative pressure potential arises due to high content of solutes in any cell. The top of any plant is high on solutes while the bottom or root part has optimum amounts of water. This is the reason why the abundance of solute and negative pressure potential causes the water to rise up.
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