snRNAs can bind to specific sequences at intron-exon boundaries through complementary base-pairing.
What are snRNAs and what is the specifity in the RNA with soluble features?Before the mRNA , there is a phase where the preparation of pre mRNA takes place , and that is done by snRNA.Basically snRNA is used to catalyze the splicing of pre mRNA and are made of many proteins to form RNA protein.RNA is ribonucleic acid and is the primary genetic complement of many organisms and also sometimes it consist of single strand as a genetic complement.It is true that snRNAs are removed by the spliceosome since the formation of pre mRNA is done by then the snRNAs are removed.Also snRNAs are translated to snrnps in the spliceosome along with the associated proteins.To know more about RNA visit:
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Which statement BEST describes how the Carbon Stored in Urban Trees data table should be improved to better support the model and represent the cycling of carbon? It should include the amount of carbon lost to the atmosphere due to respiration by the trees. It should include the amount of carbon stored in the soil due to photosynthesis by the trees. It should include the amount of oxygen released by the trees due to photosynthesis. It should include the amount of oxygen consumed by the trees due to respiration.
The statement that BEST describes is It should include the amount of carbon lost to the atmosphere due to respiration by the trees.
By storing carbon in their annual new growth, trees lower the quantity of carbon in the atmosphere. A tree stores more carbon as it grows by keeping it in its accumulated tissue. The size and health of the trees affect how much carbon is annually stored. Urban trees that are open-grown and maintained typically have lower biomass than trees that grow naturally in wooded settings.
When a tree decays and dies, it releases a large amount of the carbon it has stored back into the atmosphere. Thus, the quantity of carbon that could be released if trees are allowed to wither and decay is sometimes referred to as carbon storage.
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how would the hedgehog pathway likely be affected if ift-a trafficking was disrupted in the presence of hedgehog ligand? group of answer choices
The correct answer is that Ptch1 and Smo would both be found in the primary cilium.
The Hedgehog signaling route is a signaling pathway that provides embryonic cells with the information they need to differentiate properly. Hedgehog signaling proteins are present in various amounts throughout the embryo.
When the SHH ligand attaches to the transmembrane protein PTCH1, the SHH pathway is triggered, which then activates the pathway. As a result of this interaction, smoothened (SMO) is released and its downstream genes are activated, which ultimately results in the expression of the oncogene Gli-1, which encourages cell division and aids in the development of tumors.
From the cell membrane to the nucleus, it is a highly conserved evolutionary pathway for signal transmission. The Hh signaling pathway is crucial to the development of the embryo.
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The complete question is :
In the absence of the Hedgehog ligand, the Ptch1 receptor is localized to the primary cilium. When the Hedgehog ligand binds Ptch1, Ptch1 exits the primary cilium and Smo enters to initiate pathway activation. How would the Hedgehog pathway likely be affected if IFT-A trafficking was disrupted in the presence of Hedgehog ligand?
A. Ptch1 and Smo would both be found in the primary cilium
B. Ptch1 and Smo would both be absent from the primary cilium
C. Ptch1 would stay in the primary cilium and Smo would stay out
D. Smo would enter into the primary cilium and Ptch1 would exit out
E. Hedgehog pathway would be normal because kinesin-2 and dynein 2 remain normal
Explain how two samples can produce identical dna fingerprints. Be sure to include the use of restriction enzymes and how they relate to dna nucleotide sequences in your explanation.
In order to cut the DNA samples at the same location along the strand, the same restriction enzyme would need to locate the same palindromic sequence.
What connection may DNA fingerprinting and restriction enzyme make?By initially breaking down a DNA sample using a restriction enzyme, a DNA fingerprint is produced. Usually palindromes, restriction enzymes can detect highly precise DNA sequences (like 5'-GAATTC-3'). Palindromic sequences make it possible to identify the identical sequence on both strands of DNA.
One DNA fingerprint shared by two people is possible.No two people have ever been discovered to have the same fingerprints, including identical twins, according to the National Forensic Science Technology Center. Keep in mind that your own fingerprints differ from finger to finger, which means you have unique print on each finger.
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When dna is copied, sometimes one or more of its nitrogen bases are copied incorrectly. How do you predict that a change to a single nitrogen base, such as an adenine or an thymine, could affect the function of a gene? use science reasoning to support your prediction.
When a nitrogen base is changed it can affect the function of a gene by being transcribed into a non-synonym codon and therefore also being translated into a distinct protein.
Mutations also result from the addition of one or more bases, known as an insertion, or the removal of one or more bases, known as a deletion.
When one DNA molecule is copied to make two DNA molecules, each new DNA contains 100% of the parent DNA. DNA replication uses each strand of a DNA molecule as a template and create the new strand of DNA. These mutation can also alter in the nucleotide (DNA) sequence of the genome of an organism.
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Use the model to answer the following question.
What BEST describes the model of DNA replication?
non-conservative
semi-conservative and discontinuous
semi-conservative
conservative
Answer: B
Explanation:
Primary endosymbiosis led to the origin of some chloroplasts. This process occurred when a __________ engulfed a _____________.
This process occurred when a eukaryotic cell engulfed an aerobic prokaryote.
What is Primary endosymbiosis?
Endosymbionts are the prokaryotic cells that live within a eukaryoric cells. Endosymbiosis is a term referring to two organisms living together with one organism inside the other.
Primary endosymbiosis is the prokaryotes original internalization, by an ancestral eukaryote which results in the formation of chloroplasts and mitochondria.
Chloroplasts mostly evolved when a mitochondria containing eukaryotic cell engulfed a photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Chloroplasts evolving from primary endosymbiosis have two sets of cell membranes that surround them. One membrane is from the host cell and the other is from the endosymbiont. Primary endosymbiosis derives chloroplasts from red and green algae.
Therefore, Primary endosymbiosis occurred when a eukaryotic cell engulfed an aerobic prokaryote.
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Anton uses 2/3 cup of grapes and 1/2 cup of strawberries. What is the total amount of fruit Anton uses?
Group of answer choices
2/6 cup
4/6 cup
1 cup
1 1/6 cup
Answer:
1 1/6 so D is your answer
Explanation:
i hope this helps =)
Answer: The total amount of fruit Anton uses is 1 1/6.
Explanation: 2/3 x2/2= 4/6 and 1/2 X3/3= 3/6 you add both 4/6 and 3/6 and you get 7/6 which is a improper fraction that breaks down further into 1 1/6 which is a mixed fraction.
What is the process of releasing water through holes in the leaves of plants?
radish flowers may be red, purple, or white. a cross between a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant yields all-purple offspring. the flower color trait in radishes is an example of which of the following inheritance patterns? group of answer choices a multiple allelic system incomplete dominance codominance sex linkage
Flowers on radishes can be white, purple, or red. Purple children are produced when a white-flowered plant and a red-flowered plant are crossed. An illustration of an incomplete dominant inheritance pattern is the flower color of the radish.
When both alleles are present at the same time, this pattern of inheritance is referred to as partial dominance since neither allele is totally dominant over the other. The white blossom allele is only marginally more dominant than the red flower gene. Pink is created by combining red and white.
Wavy hair is an illustration of incomplete dominance in humans. The two alleles for curly or straight hair are present. If a person has homozygosity for both types of these alleles, their hair will either be straight or curly.
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the number of protons in one atom of an alement determines the atoms _________, and the number of protons plus neutrons determines the ______________, of an element.
The number of protons in one atom of an element determines the atoms atomic number , and the number of protons plus neutrons determines the mass number, of an element.
A chemical element is a species of atoms, including the pure material made entirely of that species, that have a specific number of protons in their nuclei.
The atomic number is determined by the number of protons, and the atomic mass is determined by the sum of protons and neutrons.
The atomic number of an atom refers to how many protons it has. This number is crucial since it is exclusive to the atoms of a certain element. Every element has a variable number of protons in its atoms, yet every element has the same number of protons in all of its atoms.
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where can translation occur in a cell? group of answer choices peroxisome nucleus rough endoplasmic reticulum golgi apparatus
In general, translation can occur in any organelle or region of a cell where ribosomes are present. However, most translation occurs in the cytoplasm, specifically in regions near the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus.
This is because these organelles are involved in the production and modification of proteins, respectively, and many newly-synthesized proteins are destined for these organelles. In addition, the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi are both rich in the nutrients and cofactors required for protein synthesis.
Translation is the process of converting the information in a nucleic acid sequence into a protein. It occurs in the nucleus, where the DNA is transcribed into RNA. The RNA is then exported to the cytoplasm, where it is translated into proteins.
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Epithelial tissue composed of flattened cells in multiple layers is called ______ epithelial tissue.
Simple epithelia is epithelial tissue made up of a single layer of cells, whereas stratified epithelia is epithelial tissue made up of multiple layers of cells.
What are the various names for layers of cells?The number of layers of cells and the shapes of the cells present are used to categorize the different types of epithelia. Simple epithelia is epithelial tissue made up of a single layer of cells, whereas stratified epithelia is epithelial tissue made up of multiple layers of cells.
Which epithelial cell layer is flat and thin?Flat and arranged in a single layer, simple squamous epithelium cells are an epithelial cell type. This one layer is thin enough to create a membrane through which compounds can passively diffuse.
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Answer:
Transitional
What enzyme moves outward from the origin of replication and breaks hydrogen bonds between dna nucleotides?.
Helicase moves outward from the origin of replication and breaks hydrogen bonds between DNA nucleotides .
Replication is the process were DNA makes multiple copies it self .Helicases are enzymes that assists to binding and remodeling of nucleic acid or nucleic acid protein complexes. They functions for unwinding the DNA in the process of replication .Helicase is one of the most essential enzyme in DNA replication .
DNA helicase separate two strands of the DNA for the process of replication . This enzyme also help to unwind the DNA and create a replication fork by breaking down the hydrogen bond.
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I live in plant cells, i love the sun and i produce sugar. I am one of the only organelles that have color. What am i?.
Answer: The Chloroplast
Explanation:
The chloroplast has chlorophyll which gives it green it's green color.
An individual having two different alleles of a specific gene is described as being _________ for that specific trait.
An individual having two different alleles of a specific gene is described as being Heterozygous for that specific trait.
You have a heterozygous genotype for that gene if the two versions differ. Being heterozygous for hair color, for example, means you have one allele for red hair and one allele for brown hair. The interaction of the two alleles influences which traits are expressed.
Being homozygous for a gene means you inherited two identical copies. It is the inverse of a heterozygous genotype, in which the alleles differ. People with recessive characteristics, such as blue eyes or red hair, are always homozygous for that gene. In genetics, heterozygous means having inherited different versions (alleles) of a genomic marker from each biological parent. As a result, a person who is heterozygous for a genomic marker has two distinct versions of that marker.
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Please help! Which statement correctly describes the history of environmental science?
A. The scientific method and other tools discouraged advancements in environmental science
B. Environmental science was always based in rigorous science as opposed to myth or magic
C. Environmental scientist now call themselves "naturalists", as they study natural phenomena
D. Environmental science's focus shifted from studying Earth's systems to studying the effects of human activities on the environment
Answer:D
Explanation:
I just did the test and was correct
Environmental science's focus shifted from studying Earth's systems to studying the effects of human activities on the environment is correctly describes the history of Environmental science.
What is Environmental science?In order to study the environment and find solutions to environmental issues, environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that combines physics, biology, and geography (including ecology, chemistry, plant science, zoology, mineralogy, oceanography, limnology, soil science, geology and physical geography, and atmospheric science).
During the Age of Enlightenment, environmental science developed from the disciplines of natural history and medicine. Today, it offers an interdisciplinary, integrated, quantitative approach to the study of environmental systems.
More social sciences are incorporated into environmental studies in order to better understand human interactions, viewpoints, and environmental policy. Engineering for increasing environmental quality in all areas is the emphasis of environmental design.
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What types of genetic information must be copied for the next generation of cells?.
Type of genetic information that must be copied for the next generation of cells is DNA.
What genetic information is copied for next generation?Genes carry biological information that has to be copied properly for transmission to the next generation, each time a cell divides to form two daughter cells.
Firstly, information which is stored in the DNA molecule must be copied, every time a cell divides. This helps in ensuring that both daughter cells inherit the complete set of genetic information from the parent cell. Secondly, information stored in the DNA molecule must be either translated or expressed.
Genetic information is passed from generation to generation through the inherited units of chemical information.
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Explain how you can change pathways in your brain to break a bad habit and create new and better habits.
You either develop new habits as well as beliefs or reinforce current ones as they think as well as feel similarly.
With enough repetition and focus, your new habits will eventually become automatic. For instance, if you intentionally concentrate on exercising four times per week by evaluating your goals every day, chatting with other people for support, picturing your achievement, going to bed early, including scheduling weekly meetings with a fitness trainer, you reprogram your new exercise habit.
However, when you do not even deliberately focus your mind's attention on your workout objective, you'll discover that your strongest preexisting sleeping-in behaviors will operate automatically. Your brain, body, as well as behavior are controlled by ingrained instinctive habits that are frequently undesirable. However, you can alter previous behaviors and develop the habit of long-lasting happiness with time as well as the correct circumstances.
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A pair of narrow tubes that carry urine from each kidney to the back of the urinary bladder are called?.
A pair of narrow tubes that carry urine from each kidney to the back of the urinary bladder are called Two ureters.
What is the name of the renal tubes?One kidney is located on each side of the body's back, directly below the ribs. They eliminate waste from your blood through a filter, and the urine is then produced. Each kidney's urine is transported through a tiny tube called an ureter to the bladder, where it is stored.
What are the ureter and urethra?What Do the Urethra and Ureter Do? A tiny tube, or duct, called the ureter joins the bladder and kidneys. Urine is moved from the kidneys to the bladder by the ureter.. The tubular passageway that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body is known as the urethra.
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A group of students were asked to study and record the movement of amoeba to try and determine how they move. The group knew that they must plan this descriptive investigation carefully, including the selection of the appropriate technology needed to observed these single-celled organisms. Which type of microscope would be most appropriate for this investigation?.
The type of microscope that would be most appropriate for this investigation is the Compound light microscope.
A three-dimensional image of the sample is examined with a scanning electron microscope. These microscopes use electromagnets instead of lenses. A beam of electrons is sent to visualize the image. Hair texture can be easily visualized in her three-dimensional form by SEM.
A typical optical microscope used in laboratories is called a compound microscope because it contains two types of lenses that are used to magnify an object. The lens closest to the eye is called the eyepiece lens, and the lens closest to the object is called the objective lens. Commonly used optical microscopes in the forensic field include compound microscopes polarizing microscopes and stereomicroscopes.
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proteins need to be denatured using an anionic detergent such as sds before gel electrophoresis because: select all that apply.
The majority of proteins contain a uniform positive charge, and a uniform neutral charge, and most proteins have intricate three-dimensional structures that might affect how well they travel through the gel electrophoresis. For these reasons, proteins need to be denatured. Here, the right answers are A, B, and D.
Protein separation is accomplished using a molecular technique called sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which operates in the proximity of an electric charge. Proteins are separated using SDS-PAGE according to their electrophoretic mobility. Protein charge, shape, and structure all affect electrophoretic mobility.
To proceed in the direction of the positive terminal, the protein molecules need to have a constant negative charge (anode). The overall charge of a protein is determined by the amino acid content of the protein as well as the charge of the individual amino acids.
Thus, depending on the total makeup of amino acids, the charge may change. Depending on the ratio of different amino acids, the total charge of the proteins can be positive, negative, or neutral. The SDS treatment gives the proteins a consistent, negative charge. Then, according to size, the negatively charged amino acids flow toward the positive terminal.
Complete question:
Proteins need to be denatured using an anionic detergent such as SDS before gel electrophoresis because: Select all that apply.
A - most proteins have a uniform positive charge
B - most proteins have complex three-dimensional structures that can impact their movement through the gel
C - the overall charge of a protein depends on the amino acid composition of the protein and can vary greatly
D - most proteins have a uniform neutral charge
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Histones that are tightly wound by dna and are the basic unit of chromatin are called.
Histones that are tightly wound by DNA and are the basic unit of chromatin are called nucleosomes.
In the field of biology, a nucleosome can be described as a structure in which the DNA is wrapped around proteins called histones.
The nucleosome contains eight histone proteins which are the major region for wrapping up the DNA and hence form the basic unit of the chromatin structure.
The nucleosome, consisting of the proteins and the DNA, forms the chromatin.
The occurrence of nucleosomes is possible because the positively cared histone proteins can bind to the negatively charged DNA.
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when f conjugation occurs successfully, only one copy of the f plasmid single-stranded dna is transferred. what else must minimally occur? when f conjugation occurs successfully, only one copy of the f plasmid single-stranded dna is transferred. what else must minimally occur? rolling circle replication in the recipient cell circularization plus replication of the new recipient dna continuation of rolling circle replication in the donor cell and replication in the recipient cell circularization of the recipient's new dna stopping the rolling circle replication after one copy length, circularization, and replication
The minimum occurrence after one copy of F plasmid single-stranded DNA is transferred in successful F conjugation is: stopping the rolling circle replication after one copy length, circularization, and replication.
Conjugation is the process of transfer of genetic material from one organism to another by establishing direct contact between them. The organism that transfers the genetic material is called donor while the organism that receives is called recipient.
Rolling circle replication is the process where unidirectional replication of DNA occurs and multiple copies are synthesized at once. This method of replication can be seen in the genome of viruses and bacterial plasmids.
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What is the one part of the body that helps the digestive?.
The pharynx is the one part of the body that helps the digestive system and respiratory systems work together by allowing air to travel from the nasal cavity to the respiratory system and by preventing air from entering the digestive system.
In addition to helping with breathing, the respiratory system prevents harmful particles from entering the body when eating, sneezing, or coughing. Air is transported from the mouth and nose to the trachea, also known as the windpipe, by the pharynx, also known as the throat, which is a flexible muscular tube with a funnel-like shape. It also connects the nasal and oral canals to the esophagus and larynx.
The pharynx is necessary for both the respiratory and digestive systems. It allows air to travel from the nasal cavity to the lungs, larynx, and trachea.
The nasopharynx is a part of the throat where the epiglottis is situated. The esophagus aperture is kept covered to prevent air from entering the digestive system.
The complete question is:
What is the one part of the body that helps the digestive system and respiratory systems work together?
a.nose
b.lughs.
c.trachea
d.pharynx
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during meiosis ii in sperm development a. primary spermatocytes divide meiotically to form diploid secondary spermatocytes. b. sperm and oocyte meet and merge. c. secondary spermatocytes divide meiotically to form haploid spermatids. d. spermatids divide meiotically to form haploid spermatozoa.
The right response is c. Secondary spermatocytes meiosisally divide to produce haploid spermatids.
In biology, what are spermatocytes?Following the mitotic cell phase of spermatogenesis, spermatozoa with half the chromosomal complement of the original precursor cells will be produced from spermatocytes, which are cells derived from the final spermatogonial division (B spermatogonia).
A spermatocyte is what type of cell?Animal male gametocytes include spermatocytes. They come from spermatogonia, which are immature germ cells. The seminiferous tubules, a part of the testis, are where they are located. Primary & secondary spermatocytes are the two different types of spermatocytes.
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if coli was growing without any extra mutagens, would you expect its genome to have any mutations? how would mutagen exposure change this?
In nature, mutations happen very infrequently; introducing mutagens would increase the number of mutations already in the genome.
What three categories of mutagens are there?Physical, chemical, or biological mutagens are all examples of mutagens. Mutagenicity refers to a substance's capacity to cause mutations or changes to DNA base pairs.
What are the different kinds of mutagens?Different Mutagens
Based on where they come from, mutagens can be divided into three categories. These are what they are: bodily mutagens: Radiation exposure, including such X-rays, gamma radiation, and alpha particles, is among them. Additionally, ultraviolet radiations have the potential to be carcinogens.
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During translation, what is read to determine the type of amino acid that is added to the growing protein?.
The kind of amino acid that's also supplied to the developing protein during translation is determined by reading the anticodon.
What happens if your body doesn't have enough protein?A severe protein deficiency can hinder children's growth, contribute to fatty liver and skin, induce edema, and worsen infections. True deficiency is uncommon in affluent nations, although a low intake may lead to muscular atrophy and an increased risk of fractures.
How much protein should I eat each day?For a typical sedentary adult, the suggested dietary allowance is 1 ml per kilogram of weight. A 165-pound (75-kilogram) person should eat 60 protein grams per day, for instance.
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If a nucleus has eight chromosomes during interphase, how many chromosomes does it have during metaphase?.
If a nucleus has eight chromosomes during interphase, It will have eight chromosomes during metaphase.
The interphase and the M (mitotic) phases of the cell cycle follow this progression. The first includes mitosis and cytokinesis, while the second includes G1 (the first gap), S (synthesis), and G2 (the second gap).
"everything in a cell's life not involving division" is a fundamental definition of interphase. Instead, cells multiply many of their own contents and become larger as a whole. The genetic material of a cell is only duplicated or replicated during its own interphase stage.
Metaphase: Each daughter nucleus will receive an identical chromatid because the chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the cell along the metaphase plate, with one chromatid on each side.
Eight is the answer. The centromere still binds the produced sister chromosomes together and counts them as one. They are counted as 16 when spindles pull them apart. There are two cells with each cell having eight chromosomes when mitosis is finished.
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explain how the electron transport chain is able to produce atp from adp. discuss the similarities differences of this process in cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
It takes place in mitochondria in both cell breathing and photosynthesis. within the former, the electrons come from breaking down organic molecules, and strength is released. in the latter, the electrons input the chain after being excited with the aid of mild, and the power released is used to build carbohydrates.
Photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make ATP. The glucose is then grew to become again into carbon dioxide, that is utilized in photosynthesis. whilst water is broken all the way down to form oxygen throughout photosynthesis, in cellular respiration oxygen is mixed with hydrogen to shape water.Aug 31, 2018
The present day of hydrogen ions powers the catalytic movement of ATP synthase, which phosphorylates ADP, generating ATP. discern 1. The electron transport chain is a sequence of electron transporters embedded inside the internal mitochondrial membrane that shuttles electrons from NADH and FADH2 to molecular oxygen.
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Describe the one-gene, one polypeptide hypothesis and list some of the evidence in favor of it.
Many enzymes have numerous polypeptide subunits, each of which is encoded by a different gene. We know that genes specify the structure of enzymes and that each gene encodes one enzyme from the findings of the Beadle and Tatum study.
The idea that there is a large class of structural genes, each of which encodes a single polypeptide that can either work on its own or as a component of a more complex protein. Initially, it was believed that each gene encoded the entirety of a single enzyme, but it has since been discovered that some proteins and enzymes actually come from multiple polypeptides, and thus from multiple genes.
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