Read the excerpt from paragraph 3.
Stan Krugman collected the seeds and an attempt at germinating some of the seeds was made in Houston.
Somewhat surprisingly, it proved successful and the seeds started growing, but they did not survive long because
the facilities there were inadequate. A year later the remaining seeds were sent to the southern Forest Service
station in Gulfport, Mississippi (sycamore, loblolly pine, and sweetgum) and to the western station in Placerville,
California (redwood and Douglas fir) to attempt germination. Many of the seeds, and later cuttings, were successful
and grew into viable seedlings.
What is the meaning of viable as it is used in the excerpt?

A. weak
B. suitable
c. complete
D. awful

The theory that all cells come from other cells disproved the idea of Louis Pasteur.

Spontаneous generаtion theory is аn аrchаic scientific theory which stаted thаt living orgаnisms could аrise from nonliving mаtter аnd thаt such а process wаs regulаr in nаture. It аlso explаined the origin of life from the nonliving subjects. Аccording to thаt theory, а piece of breаd аnd cheese wrаpped аnd left in а corner could give rise to mice in а few weeks, or mаggots could rise from deаd flesh.

The hypothesis wаs designed by Аristotle on the bаsis of previous work of nаturаl philosophers аnd the theory held its plаce for two millenniums. Frаncesco Redi аnd Lаzzаro Spаllаnzаni then chаllenged this theory in the 17th аnd 18th centuries, but it wаs still not discredited. It wаs not until the work of Louis Pаsteur аnd John Tyndаll in the 19th century thаt this theory wаs finаlly disproved.

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Answer: chyme

Explanation:

ADP and inorganic phosphate are produced when ATP loses one of its phosphates.

What is ATP?

The cellular energy standard is ATP. Its high-energy phosphoanhydride link, which is found between phosphate, serves as a form of energy storage. The high energy link in ATP is dismantled during hydrolysis, releasing a significant amount of the stored energy.

One of the three phosphates in the ATP molecule splits off when a cell has to expend energy to complete a job, resulting in the formation of ADP + phosphate. That phosphate molecule's energy is no longer bound to it and can now be used by the cell to perform tasks.

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), a version of the nucleotide with only two phosphates, is created when the outermost phosphate of ATP is removed to produce energy.

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Answer:

ADP Phosphates

Explanation:

Edge2023

Answer:

The modern era of cancer research really began in the 19th century and led to the current concept developed by several investigators, notably Rudolf Virchow, that cancer is a disease of cells.

Explanation:

generating action potentials is NOT a function of glial cells.

The environment around neurons is preserved and protected by glial cells. Glial cells include those found in the oligodendrocyte, astrocyte, ependymal and microglial tissues of the central nervous system (a). Oligodendrocytes build the myelin coating around axons.

Glial cells primarily support and safeguard neurons (nerve cells), maintain homeostasis, remove waste, and produce myelin.

Recent research has demonstrated that glial cells are more complex than simple "Nervenkitt" cells. The four main subgroups of the overall glial cell population are microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and their progenitors, NG2-glia.

Glia plays a key role in synaptic plasticity and synaptogenesis as well as in the growth of the nervous system. Glia plays a part in controlling how quickly injured neurons heal. Glia inhibits repair in the central nervous system (CNS).

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A visceral reflex arc is made up of the following cells: receptors, afferent neuron, interneuron, efferent neurons, and effector.

In vertebrates, the majority of sensory neurons converge in the spinal column rather than passing directly into the brain. By turning on spinal motor neurons, faster reflex responses can be triggered without having to wait for signals to travel to the brain.

Reflexes function correctly every time with the aid of inhibitory interneurons. The five components of the reflex arc are the sensor, perception neuronal, central node, neuromuscular junction, and muscle, in that sequence. Knowledge is first detected throughout the sensor and then transmitted along sensory neurons in a reflex.

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The hippocampus processes explicit memories as opposed to implicit memories.

The correct option is b.

Declarative memory, also known as explicit memory, refers to conscious long-term memory that can be quickly and consciously recalled and recited. Implicit memory, which is a deceptive, unconsciously held kind of memory, contrasts with it.

Through a process of encoding and retrieval, explicit memories are created. The information is "recorded" in the brain during the encoding phase.

The brain's temporal lobe contains the hippocampus, where memories are "created." The hippocampus binds neurons together, bringing all the many pieces of information in the memory together (the music, the smells, the colors, etc.).

Flashcards, vocal repetition, revisiting photos, and other techniques can be used to consciously code explicit memories. The hippocampus receives repeated exposure to memories when someone practises them. Recalling rehearsed memories is frequently simpler in the future.

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The centromeres are where the spindle fibres connect to homologous chromosomal pairs. The chromosomes can move because the nuclear membrane has broken down.

The chromosomes are subsequently positioned along the cell's equatorial plane by the spindle fibres. Eukaryotic cells have spindle fibres, which are a part of the cytoskeleton as well as cilia and flagella. During mitosis and meiosis, chromosomes are moved by a spindle machinery to guarantee uniform chromosomal distribution amongst daughter cells.

The cell lengthens and elongates due to spindle fibres that are not attached to chromatids. The spindle fibres scatter during telophase as the chromosomes divide and move into separate new nuclei. Two daughter cells are created at the conclusion of mitosis and cytokinesis, each with the appropriate size of the chromosomes.

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Diploid sporophyte generation is the alternation of generation in the life cycle of bryophytes is shown in letter A .

The life cycle of bryophytes has two alternations of generations, one is haploid gametophyte generation, and the other is diploid saprophytic generation. In both the life cycle, the bryophytes possess different morphology and physiological functions. The haploid gametophyte phase lasts longer or dominates the diploid saprophytic phase between these two alternations of generations.

Bryophytes reproduce through both asexual and sexual means. They reproduce asexually via Gemmae formation or fragmentation. Conversely, their sexual reproduction occurs via two different types of spores that form Anthrezoids and Archaegonia.

Bryophytes are terrestrial and non-vascular plants that grow in damp or humid habitats and reproduce via spore generation instead of seed germination. Mosses, hornworts, and liverworts are the three common plants that come under the bryophyte group.

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Plasma contains 91% to 92% of water and 8% to 9% of solids. It mainly comprises of: Coagulants, mainly fibrinogen, aid in blood clotting. Plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulin, that help maintain the colloidal osmotic pressure at about 25 mmHg.

The total amount of bacteria grown during the 7th hour is 8019 when a  bacteria culture begins with 11 bacteria that triple in amount at the end of every hour.

Given that a bacteria culture begins with 11 bacteria which triple in the amount at the end of every hour.

To calculate the bacteria's number multiplied by the hours.

The number of bacteria grown at end of one hour is 11.

The number of bacteria grown at end of two hours is = 11 x 3 = 33 as the amount is tripled at every hour.

The number of bacteria grown at end of three hours is = 33 × 3 = 99

The number of bacteria grown at end of four hours is = 99 × 3 =297

The number of bacteria grown at end of the fifth hour is = 297 x 3 = 891

The number of bacteria grown at end of the sixth hour is = 891 x 3 = 2673

The number of bacteria grown at end of the seventh hour is = 2673 x 3 = 8019.

Thus, the total amount of bacteria grown during the 7th hour = 8019.

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The protein RDA for adults is 0.8 grams per kilogram.

How does the protein RDA for adults compare to the protein needs of athletes?

The protein RDA for adults is 0.8 grams per kilogram, which is a general guideline for the average daily protein intake for healthy individuals. However, the protein needs of athletes may be higher due to their increased muscle mass and activity level. Athletes may require 1.2 to 2.0 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day to help support muscle growth and recovery. However, it's important to consult with a sports nutritionist or a healthcare professional to determine specific protein needs for individual athletes.

The protein RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance) for adults is 0.8 grams per kilogram. This means that for an adult with a body weight of 68 kg, the recommended daily intake of protein is 54.4 grams. However, it's worth noting that this is just a general guideline and individual protein needs may vary depending on factors such as age, sex, muscle mass, activity level, and overall health.

It's important to note that the RDA is the average daily level of intake sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97-98%) healthy individuals in each life-stage and gender group, however for athletes or people with specific health conditions, the protein needs may differ.

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Osteoclasts are responsible for aged bone resorption and osteoblasts are responsible for new bone formation. cytokinin involved in bone remodeling.

In order to maintain appropriate skeletal structure and function, bone must undergo continuous remodelling. So, diseases like osteoporosis may result from unbalance. Bone remodelling is a complex process involving numerous cell types and elements. These processes primarily involve the two cells known as osteoblast and osteoclast. For the resorption of old bone and the production of new bone, respectively, osteoclasts and osteoblasts are responsible. Under physiological circumstances, the resorption and formation are steady. The structure or function of the bones will be aberrant if the balance is off, though. Osteoporosis and osteopetrosis are diseases of the bone metabolism that can occur.

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Even identical twins with identical inheriting genes have different levels of susceptibility. For identical male couples, the study only showed a concordance rate of 45%.

Twin research enables the separation of the genetic and environmental components that contribute to the desired trait. Researchers can calculate how much of the diversity in a trait is due to genetic variation and how much is due to shared or unshared environments.

Fraternal twins only share half of their genes with each other while identical twins share 100%. A trait may have genetic roots if identical twins exhibit it more frequently than fraternal twins.

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Answer:

the prefrontal cortex

Explanation:

Because it regulates the functions of many other endocrine glands, the pituitary gland is sometimes referred to as the "master" gland of the endocrine system.

The pituitary gland is a small gland located at the base of the brain.

Your pituitary gland is about the size of a pea and is located in a bony hollow just behind your nose bridge. A thin stalk connects it to the base of your brain. Because it regulates several other hormone glands in your body, including the thyroid and adrenals, as well as the ovaries and testicles, the pituitary gland is known as the master gland.

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Your brain and spinal cord are two of the components of your central nervous system.

The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system, which is made up of nerves that leave the spinal cord and connect every region of the body, is interconnected. The two subsystems that make up the complete nervous system are the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The autonomic nervous system of the peripheral nervous system regulates automatic physiological processes like digestion, blood pressure, respiration, & sexual desire. The nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and an intricate network of nerves. This system allows for communication with both the brain and the body. The brain controls every physical process.

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The primary function of the large intestine or colon is to absorb water and electrolytes in order to concentrate the stool. It has little effect on metabolism, and people can live normal lives without it.

The large intestine serves only one purpose: water and electrolyte absorption to concentrate the stool. It has little effect on metabolism, and people can live normal lives without it.

The surgeon may use a portion of your small intestine to create a pouch that is attached to your anus after removing both the colon and the rectum (proctocolectomy) (ileoanal anastomosis). This enables you to expel waste normally, even if you have several watery bowel movements per day.

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The leaves are green and not black because leaves аbsorb light in the blue аnd red spectrа, but not green light which аctuаlly more the sun's light.

Plаnts cаn broаdly be divided into four mаin components: roots, stem, flowers аnd leаves. The leаves mаke the plаnt’s energy, or food in, аs every GCSE student knows, the process cаlled photosynthesis.

Plаnts (plus аlgаe аnd certаin bаcteriа) аbsorb light to mаke sugаrs, providing the plаnt with energy аnd some other useful biochemicаl products which the plаnt requires to grow successfully.

Plаnts аnd their leаves look green becаuse the “speciаl pаir” of chlorophyll molecules uses the red end of the visible light spectrum to power reаctions inside eаch cell. The unused green light is reflected from the leаf аnd we see thаt light. The chemicаl reаctions of photosynthesis turn cаrbon dioxide from the аir into sugаrs to feed the plаnt, аnd аs а by-product the plаnt produces oxygen.

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Light output,  More energy is provided when the light output is increased, which speeds up photosynthesis.

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It is untrue. At every phase of the moon, hatchlings leave their eggs and manage to locate the ocean.

CITES, or the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, is one of the most significant international agreements that safeguards sea turtles. This agreement forbids the importation and exportation of sea turtles, sea turtle goods, and other related wildlife across international borders. It also helps prohibit poachers from killing sea turtles.

The Kemp's ridley, leatherback, hawksbill, and green turtles are all listed as endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act. It is classified as endangered to see loggerheads. This makes it unlawful to hurt, threaten, or kill any sea turtles, their eggs, or their hatchlings.

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A single complete individual capable of response to stimulus, reproduction, growth and development, maintain homeostasis is termed a living organism.

An organism generally refers to a single or individual living species, which exhibits all the properties of life. These can be a plant, animal, bird, insect and even a microbe. There are billions to trillions of different types of organisms living on our planet Earth.

Living things are highly organized, meaning they contain specialized, coordinated parts. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells, which are considered the fundamental units of life. Even unicellular organisms are complex.

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Nucleic acids are the class of macromolecules that have the key function of storing genetic information.

Nucleic acids are an essential class of macromolecules that are responsible for storing genetic information.

This information is what helps direct the cell in its functions and allows for life to exist. Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides, which are made up of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar and one or more phosphate groups.

These nucleotides are connected to form polynucleotides which form the two types of nucleic acids: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA stores the genetic information and is found in the nucleus of the cell, while RNA is responsible for carrying this genetic information to other parts of the cell.

Without nucleic acids, life as we know it would not exist.

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The act of translating mRNA into tRNA, which participates in transcription, can be thought of as the decoding of instructions for building proteins.

The protein molecules that the genes in DNA encode are the "workhorses" of the cell, performing all the tasks required for life. Proteins include, for instance, DNA polymerases and other enzymes that produce copies of DNA during cell division, as well as enzymes that metabolise nutrients and synthesise new cellular components. The genetic code, which connects the DNA sequence to the amino acid sequence in proteins, is "read" by the mRNA during translation, the second important step in gene expression. In mRNA, a codon is a collection of three nucleotides that designates a certain amino acid.

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Move on to another forested area was deforested during the early renaissance.

What is deforestation?

Deforestation is the removal of a forest or tree stand from land before it is put to another use other than that of a forest. Conversion of forest land to farmland, ranches, or urban usage is a form of deforestation. Tropical rainforests experience the highest concentration of deforestation. At the moment, woods encompass about 31% of Earth's land area. This is a third less than the amount of forest cover there was before agriculture became more prevalent, with half of that loss occurring in the last century. An area the size of Bangladesh's forest is lost each year between 15 and 18 million hectares. 2,400 trees are typically felled every minute.

Hence the correct answer is D, Move on to another forested area.

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When two centrosomes are separate and moved towards opposite sides of the nucleus, forming the two poles of the mitotic spindle.

The microtubule act and distribution undergo profound changes when the interphase microtubule array get vanished and microtubules extend from the enlarged centrosomes to inquiry about the 3-D space around each centrosome to set up the short prophase spindle .

Thus , G1 phase is phase associated with the growth of organelles and cell. The S phase is associated with synthesis of DNA when it is replicated. Stabilization of interphase microtubules, and the formation of microtubule clumps during prometaphase to the transient formation of multipolar spindles mostly occurs prior to anaphase .

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To calculate the probability of a particular genotype in the F1 generation without using a Punnett/trihybrid/dihybrid square, you can use the law of probability.

This law states that the probability of an event is equal to the number of favorable outcomes divided by the total number of possible outcomes.

In this case, the total number of possible outcomes is 4, since each parent can contribute 2 alleles (AA, Aa, aa, BB, Bb, bb, CC, Cc, cc). The number of favorable outcomes is 1, since only one combination of alleles (AABbcc) will result in the desired genotype.

Therefore, the probability of the F1 generation having genotype AA bb cc is 1/4, or 25%.

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Heating is the first step of PCR amplification because it is necessary to denature the double-stranded DNA template so that it can be used by the polymerase enzyme.

This process involves breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands together, which allows the primers to bind to the single-stranded DNA. Heating is also necessary to bthe polymerase enzyme, as it is not active at room temperature.

Additionally, the high temperature denaturation step also helps to increase the efficiency of the polymerase enzyme by increasing its activity and allowing it to bind more tightly to the primer. This makes it more likely that the primer will anneal and that the polymerase will be able to initiate DNA synthesis.

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The parts of the male structure of  flower have three parts stamen ,sepals and petals. Flowers are two types male flower and female flower . Two categories of flowers differ by bisexual (male flower + female flower) and asexual (male flower/female flower).

Male flower reproductive part is called stamen. Stamen having two parts anthor lobe (which is in the shape oval at the top) and filament (which supports anthor lobe having shape thin cylinder shape). Anther lobe having two pollen which is filled with pollen grains.  Sepals are outer part of the flower which supports the flower and petals are protect  reproductive parts of flower which is  spectacular  color.

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Emergent properties of living systems are properties that are due to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases. Here option D is the correct answer.

Emergent properties are characteristics that arise from the interactions of the parts of a system and cannot be predicted from the properties of the individual parts. They are not the property of the individual parts but are the property of the system as a whole.

For example, the properties of a cell, such as its ability to respond to its environment and carry out metabolism, are emergent properties that arise from the interactions of the various organelles and molecules within the cell.

Similarly, the properties of a multicellular organism, such as the ability to sense and respond to the environment, are emergent properties that arise from the interactions of the cells and tissues within the organism.

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