Recent evidence suggests that the amygdala plays a particularly central role in the modulation of emotion.
The amygdala is widely thought to be the neural system's core for processing fearful and threatening stimuli, including threat detection and activation of appropriate fear-related behaviors in response to threatening or dangerous stimuli. The amygdala is in charge of processing strong emotions like fear, pleasure, or anger. It may also send signals to the cerebral cortex, which is in charge of conscious thought. Physical reactions are controlled by signals sent from the thalamus to the autonomic nervous system and skeletal muscles.
The amygdala's primary function is to regulate emotions such as fear and aggression. The amygdala is also involved in associating emotional meaning to memories, Decision-making and reward processing.
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. An experiment is designed to determine the viscosity of honey flow at different temperatures. What is the control group for the experiment?
honey at 75˚C .honey at 20˚c .honey at 50˚C .honey at room temperature
The control group for the experiment is honey at 20˚c.
The distance traveled by the honey is the independent variable and the temperature is the dependent variable. The distance the honey travels is the independent variable and the temperature is the control. Viscosity values decreased with increasing temperature. The temperature-induced effects in the investigated range were more significant in the low-temperature range whereas the viscosity did not change much at high temperatures.
The dependent variable is the viscosity of the liquid. This is determined by measuring flow using a measuring cup and a stopwatch. The viscosity of honey depends on the amount of water and the type and amount of sugar it contains. The higher the water concentration, the lower the viscosity of honey. Temperature also changes the viscosity of honey, and heat is often used to make honey easier to process.
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please i need as soon as possible
Answer:
1. is above
2. by puting all the 4 wires of the bulbs in the battery
Using the numbers 1-6, indicate the order of events in using the scientific metho
Test the hypothesis by
performing an
experiment.
Make observations and
record data.
Make a hypothesis and an
experimental prediction.
Identify the problem to be
studied.
Use data and results to
support a conclusion.
Perform background
research on the problem.
tific torms belo
Answer:
4. Test the hypothesis byperforming anexperiment.
5. Make observations andrecord data.
3. Make a hypothesis and anexperimental prediction.
1. Identify the problem to bestudied.
6. Use data and results tosupport a conclusion.
2. Perform backgroundresearch on the problem.
Explanation:
1. Identify the problem to be studied.
2. Perform background research on the problem.
3. Make a hypothesis and an experimental prediction.
4. Test the hypothesis by performing an experiment.
5. Make observations and record data.
6. Use data and results to support a conclusion.
What do you mean by hypothesis?A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. For a hypothesis to be a scientific hypothesis, the scientific method requires that one can test it. Scientists generally base scientific hypotheses on previous observations that cannot satisfactorily be explained with the available scientific theories.
Moreover, a hypothesis is an assumption, an idea that is proposed for the sake of argument so that it can be tested to see if it might be true.
Therefore, a hypothesis states your predictions about what your research will find. It is a tentative answer to your research question that has not yet been tested.
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The new york marathon returns to full capacity this year for the first time since 2019. How many runners were allowed to participate a year ago because of the pandemic?.
The 26.2-mile course took more than 50,000 participants through all five boroughs.
How long does it take to complete the NYC Marathon?Following the conclusion of the last wave start, sweep buses will travel the marathon course at a speed of 6 1/2 hours, or 15 minutes per mile. Any participant who wants to drop out can take one of these buses to the post-finish area. The city streets will reopen to traffic once the sweep buses have passed.
How many runners complete a full marathon?The percentage of Americans who have finished a marathon, according to Run Repeat, is about 0.05%. About 1.1 million runners complete a marathon each year all across the world. That is roughly 0.01% of the entire world's population.
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What air pollution standards provide
public health protection, including
protection of the health of sensitive
populations?
In accordance with the NAAQS, or fundamental air quality standards, the amount of six criteria pollutants—sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide gas , nitrogen oxides, ozone, particulate , and lead—must be reached and maintained nationally.
The EPA must establish main and secondary NAAQS for qualifying pollutants in accordance with the Clean Air Act. Primary standards defend the public's health, especially the wellbeing of vulnerable groups including the elderly, children, and people with asthma.
What about air pollution?The main causes of man-made air pollution are vehicle emissions, fuel oils and gas used to heat houses, waste products from manufacturing and electricity generation, mainly from coal-fired power plants, and odors from chemical manufacture.Any substance that alters the natural properties of the atmosphere, whether it's chemical, physical, or biological, is taken into account as an air pollutant.Air pollution can occur inside or outdoors.Common causes of pollution include motor vehicles, industrial operations, household combustion appliances, and forest fires.Heart condition , carcinoma , and respiratory conditions like emphysema are a number of the long-term health repercussions of air pollution.Additionally, long-term exposure to pollution can harm a person's nerves, brain, kidneys, liver, and other organs.Some experts think that birth abnormalities are caused by pollution.When fossil fuels are burned, dangerous chemicals like sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides are released into the atmosphere.When water droplets interact with these contaminants, they turn acidic and release rain that harms people and animals as well as plants.There are several ways during which air pollution can harm trees and crops.Reduced development and survival of tree seedlings, decreased yields of agricultural crops and commercial forests, and increased vulnerability of plants to disease, pests, and other environmental pressures are all effects of ground-level ozone (such as harsh weather).
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an individual ate steak and potatoes. write down what is happening at each organ of the digestive system.
The digestive processes are ingestion, propulsion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, and defecation.
What is digestion?Digestion is a complex process that transforms the food you eat into nutrients that your body uses for energy, growth, and cell repair that it needs to survive. Fermentation processes also involve the production of waste products that must be disposed of.A digestive system breaks down food into nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins. They are then absorbed into the bloodstream and can be used by the body for energy, growth, and repair. Unused material is discarded as a surface. During digestion, muscles push food from the top of the stomach to the bottom. This is where digestive juices and enzymes break down any food you chew or swallow.It prepares your body for fuel.To learn more about digestion from the given link :
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measuring water quality. biochemical oxygen demand (bod) measures organic pollutants in water by measuring the amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms that break down these compounds. bod is hard to measure accurately. total organic carbon (toc) is easy to measure, so it is common to measure toc and use regression to predict bod. a typical regression equation for water entering a municipal treatment plant is,
Ensuring water quality. biochemical oxygen demand (bod) measures organic pollutants in water by measuring the amount of oxygen consumed The positive slope of this line says that the two variables BOD.
BOD measures the quantity of oxygen fed on by microorganisms for the procedure of decomposition of the natural matter in the water of our bodies. It shows the number of natural pollutants found in an aquatic ecosystem. It determines the amount of organic matter present in soils, sewages, sediment, garbage, sludge, etc.
Biochemical oxygen demand, or BOD, is a chemical manner for figuring out the amount of dissolved oxygen wished by using aerobic organic organisms in a body of water to interrupt down natural material present in a given water sample at a certain temperature over a particular time period.
The BOD is an important parameter for assessing water pleasant. It offers the quantity of oxygen consumption (mg O2 L− 1) by using aerobic organic organisms to oxidize organic compounds. Sewage with excessive BOD can motivate lower oxygen-receiving waters, which in turn can reason the death of a few organisms.
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Synthesis of a new rna molecule starts at which end of the rna molecule being made?.
For mammals living in cold habitats, would smaller or larger species require relatively thicker fur?.
For mammals living in cold habitats, smaller species might require relatively thicker fur.
As they get closer to the poles, the majority of vertebrate animals gain weight. Numerous animal species benefit from being larger in the colder climates found at high latitudes and elevations. Bergmann's Rule, a phenomenon, explains how heavier animals have a smaller surface area to volume ratio, which aids in reducing heat loss.
Many (non-polar) animals are ectotherms, meaning that their internal heat production is so low that they rely on their surroundings to warm them up to a temperature where their body and enzymes can function well enough for an active and functional life. Smaller animals struggle in cold climates because they have a greater relative surface area to lose heat.
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Which part of the brain contains the epithalamus, hypothalamus, and the thalamus?.
The diencephalon is the part of the brain that contains the epithalamus, hypothalamus, and the thalamus.
The diencephalon is located between the cerebrum and the brainstem and is responsible for a variety of functions including:
-Regulation of the body's internal environment
-Homeostasis
-Control of hunger and thirst
-Regulation of body temperature
-Control of wakefulness and sleep
-Emotional regulation
The epithalamus is a small region of the brain that is responsible for the secretion of the hormone melatonin. The hypothalamus is a small region of the brain that is responsible for a variety of functions including:
-Regulation of the endocrine system
-Control of the autonomic nervous system
-Regulation of body temperature
-Control of hunger and thirst
-Control of wakefulness and sleep
-Emotional regulation
The thalamus is a large region of the brain that is responsible for relaying sensory information to the cerebral cortex.
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what would happen if the normal circulation or resorption of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) were blocked?
If the normal circulation or reabsorption of CSF were blocked, CSF production would continue in the choroid plexus of each ventricle, but the fluid would remain there, causing the ventricles to swell, also known as hydrocephalus.
Cerebrospinal Fluid is the fluid present in the tissues that surround the brain and spinal cord. It is clear and colorless in appearance. The role of the fluid is to cushion the organs and therefore protect them from any injury as well as provide nutrients to the organs.
Choroid plexus is a wide network of blood capillaries present in the brain. The CSF is produced in these capillaries. It can be found in the ventricles of the brain.
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What property of the genetic code makes it possible for base substitution mutations in a protein coding region to have no effect on phenotype?.
The change occurs in the DNA sequence of a non-coding region of the DNA, such as in inter-genic regions (between genes) or within an intron region.
The great majority of base pair modifications (particularly substitutions) have no impact on the phenotype after mutagen treatment. This frequently happens because a mutation in the DNA sequence occurs in a non-coding area of the DNA, such as between genes or inside an intron region. The term "silent mutation" refers to a mutation that, despite affecting a base inside a codon, may not alter the amino acid that it encodes (recall that the genetic code is degenerate; for instance, GCT, GCC, GCA, and GCG all encode alanine). Furthermore, the base substitution might affect an amino acid, but this won't change how the final product works, thus there won't be any phenotypic changes.
Even when the mutant allele is homozygous, a mutation can sometimes result in the full loss of function of a gene without altering the phenotypic. Environmental factors may be to blame for the lack of phenotypic change; while the loss of that gene product might not be noticeable in one environment, it might be in another. As an alternative, genetic redundancy—the encoding of similarly functioning genes at more than one location in the genome—could be to blame for the absence of a phenotype. As a result, the absence of one gene is made up for by another. It is vital to keep in mind that genes with redundant activities cannot be easily discovered by mutant screening, which is a significant restriction of mutational analysis.
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Use the following scenario to answer the question.
Tim goes over to his friend Joe's house. He arrives and Joe has ice cream sundaes for their snack. Tim
knows this is not going to be good, because of what happens after he eats dairy. He feels sick and will
have smelly gas to follow shortly after. Tim doesn't want to tell his friend Joe that he is lactose intolerant.
He saw how good this sundae spread looked and all the work his friend put into making it. He decides to
take a chance and eat the ice cream.
Which of the following statements is not a qualitative observation about the scenario?
OA. Tim gets sickly after eating ice cream.
OB. It only takes 5 minutes for Tim to start feeling sick.
OC. Tim ate the ice cream knowing it would make him sick.
OD. Joe created an ice cream sundae spread for snack time.
Answer:d
Explanation:
question mode multiple choice question a bacterial strain has been isolated from a patient's urine specimen and a kirby-bauer susceptibility test has been done on the bacterial strain. there is no zone of inhibition around antibiotic x. which statement correctly describes this situation?
A bacterial strain was isolated from a patient's urine sample, and the microbe went through a Kirby-Bauer sensitive detection.
How can one get a bacterial infection?Bacteria must enter your body in order to infect you. As a result, a cut, a bug bit, or a surgical lesion on your skin could result in a bacterial infection. Bacteria may enter your body through the airway and result in illnesses like bacterial pneumonia.
The treatment of bacterial illnesses.Antibiotics are used to treat or prevent some forms of bacterial illnesses. Bacteria are either eliminated or prevented from multiplying and spreading by them. Antibiotics cannot be used to treat viral infections. This includes the common cold, the flu, most coughs,
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If a pink snapdragon is self-fertilized, the offspring are red, pink, or white. What type of inheritance pattern does flower color exhibit in this example?.
The type of inheritance pattern flower color exhibited in this example is incomplete domination (Intermediate).
What is meant by incomplete dominance?
Incomplete dominance or partial dominance is gene expression in offspring based on phenotypic observations that mediate from crosses of parents with different and contrasting characters.
Why intermediate traits can appear in an individual?
An intermediate trait occurs when both heirs are equally strong. The two inheritors of nature are neither closed nor covered. On the other hand, the parents will cover each other because they are just as strong. Offspring with intermediate traits will carry the same combination of traits from both parents.
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What does the difference in distribution tell you about the cells in the treated sample?.
The difference in distribution tell you about the cells in the treated sample, is that the treated cancer cells are arrested at the G1 phase.
They give the body structure, absorb nutrients from meals, turn those nutrients into energy, and perform certain tasks. Additionally, cells have the ability to replicate themselves and contain the body's genetic material. Each component of a cell has a different purpose.
There are two different types of cells: prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus but still have a nucleoid area, and eukaryotic cells, which have a nucleus. Eukaryotes can either be single-celled or multicellular, in contrast to prokaryotes, which are single-celled organisms.
The parasitic bacteria Mycoplasma gallicepticum, which inhabits the respiratory, genital, and urinary systems of primates, is thought to be the tiniest known creature capable of autonomous development and reproduction. Mycoplasma is the name of the cell used in the study. It has a 0.0001 mm diameter.
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Summarize the role and importance of the muscular system.
Do Not Plagiarize Please
The muscular system is made up of functional cells called muscle fibers. Their primary function is contraction. Muscles are generally attached to bones and internal organs and works for movement.
Muscular systems Primary function is to help in different motions such as walking, running, and jumping. They are also responsible for handling many involuntary actions, such as beating of heart. The important organs that comprises of muscular system are the skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles.
Muscular system are made up from various component of muscle and each of them play a vital role in the function of the body. Muscles also allow to move, speak, and chew.
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7. What is the name of the process that uses carrier proteins and ATP to transport materials.
Answer:
passive transport, or facilitated diffusion.
Flies are scavengers and tend to break down dead organisms. Based on this information, what is a plant characteristic that would best attract flies?.
Scavengers are organisms that feed on dead organisms. The majority of the scavengers are drawn to the flowers that emit a rotten odor.
What are Scavengers?
A scavenger is an organism that feeds primarily on decaying biomass, such as meat or rotting plant material. Many scavengers are carnivores, which are organisms that eat meat.
Scavengers are a component of the food web, which describes which organisms eat which other organisms in nature. The food web divides organisms into trophic, or nutritional, levels.
There are three types of trophic levels. The first trophic level is autotrophs, or organisms that produce their own food. Plants and algae are examples of this. The second trophic level is herbivores, or organisms that consume plants and other autotrophs. The third trophic level includes scavengers, other carnivores, and omnivores, which consume both plants and animals.
Scavengers play a critical role in the food web. They keep the bodies of dead animals, or carrion, out of the ecosystem. Scavengers break down this organic material and recycle it as nutrients back into the ecosystem.
Scavengers are some birds. Vultures only consume the carcasses of dead animals.
Scavengers are some mammals. Hyenas are commonly thought of as scavengers, but they are also carnivores.
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Help please Match the correct term with the corresponding definition or description.
The illustration below shows the solution. To read the text, enlarge the image.
Can someone explain this to me. Try to make a sketch off of it. Doesn't have to be amazing. Its just so I can understand it more
50 POINTS :)
Answer:
Cold air: less space for water vapour
Warm air: more space for water vapour
The movement of substances across the cell membrane that does require the use of energy by the cell is.
Using the theories of the cells, we got that the movement of substances across the cell membrane that does require the use of energy by the cell is active transport.
The contents of the cell are completely surrounded by its cell membrane or plasma membrane. Thus, any communication between cell and the extracellular medium is mediated by cell membranes. These cell membranes serves two important functions:
It must retain the dissolved materials of cell so that they do not simply leaks out into the environment.It should also allow the necessary exchange of the materials into and out of the cell.There are two major methods for moving molecules across the membrane, and it is related to whether or not the cell energy is used. Passive mechanisms, such as the diffusion, require no energy to function, whereas active transport does. In passive transport, an ion or the molecule crosses a membrane and moves down its concentration or electrochemical gradient. The different types of the transport mechanisms across cell membranes are as follows:
Simple diffusionFacilitated diffusionOsmosisHence, the movement of substances across the cell membrane that does require the use of energy by the cell is active transport.
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Help please Match the correct term with the corresponding definition or description
The image below has the solution. To read the text, enlarge it.
The measurement of speed and direction of an object
Answer: Velocity
Explanation:
consider five species of toads. species a and b are sister species. species c and d are also sister species. the clade containing species a and b is sister to the clade containing species c and d. species e is sister to the clade containing a, b, c, and d. which species is most likely to share synapomorphies with species e?
Species C is most likely to share synapomorphies with species E .
A unique character or character state that has developed from its ancestral form is referred to as an apomorphy in phylogenetics. An apomorphy that is shared by two or more taxa is referred to as a synapomorphy and is thought to have originated in those taxa's most recent common ancestor. Synapomorphy suggests homology in cladistics.
For instance, humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, lemurs, and other lineages of primate have opposable thumbs as a synapomorphy.
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What is the name of the structure labeled "D"?Integral Protein
1.)Glycolipid
2.)Peripheral Protein
3.)Cholesterol
4.) Integral protein
The name of the structure labeled "D" in the attached image is an Integral Protein because it passes all the cell membrane on both sides (Option 4).
What is an integral membrane protein?An integral membrane protein is any protein located on the cell membrane that can be found on both surfaces of this membrane, thereby this protein is in contact with both the extracellular medium and the cytoplasm of the cell.
A well known example of an integral membrane protein is a channel protein such as aquaporins that allow the passage of water molecules across the cell membrane.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that an integral membrane protein is any protein in a biological membrane such as the cell membrane that can pass through the integrity of this barrier and play different roles such as transport of molecules in the cell.
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What did the earth look like 750 million years ago compared to 20 million years ago? How did the land formations change? Please help !!
A cloud of gas and dust contained our planet at its beginning. It has changed into our planet, which has a lot of rocky terrain, a life-supporting environment, and mysterious oceans.
What is earth?Earth was not always a part of this vast universe, nor was it always a favorable environment for life.
Earth and the rest of our solar system were completely unrecognisable billions of years ago, existing only as a massive cloud of dust and gas.
That dust cloud eventually experienced a disruption due to a strange event that even the top scientists in the world are still unable to explain. This disturbance triggered a series of subsequent events that eventually resulted in the emergence of life as we know it.
Therefore, A cloud of gas and dust contained our planet at its beginning. It has changed into our planet, which has a lot of rocky terrain, a life-supporting environment, and mysterious oceans.
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A group of cells is assayed for dna content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average of 12 picograms of dna per nucleus. How many picograms of dna would be found in a nucleus at the end of g1 and the end of g2?.
16 picograms of DNA would be found in a nucleus at the end of g1 and 16 picograms of DNA at the end of g2.
What is DNA and how many picograms of DNA would be found in a nucleus at the end of g1 and the end of g2?DNA is the deoxyribonucleic acid which is the genetic complement of the human genetic compartment .DNA consist of nucleotides , chromosomes and two strands with anti parallel polarity which mean opposite in direction.There is a thread like stained bodies inside the DNA which was discovered to be chromatin body.The mass of DNA would be 16 picograms of DNA would be found in a nucleus at the end of g1.And the mass of DNA would be 16 picograms at the end of g2 which is required .Hence 16 picograms of DNA would be found in a nucleus of cell assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis .To know more about DNA visit:
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How would you predict that doubling the atmospheric co2 concentration would affect c3 plants?.
C3 plants would grow more quickly, whereas C4 plants would only be slightly impacted.
What effects does a rise in CO2 have on C3 plants?Because higher [CO2] results in lower transpiration rates and higher CO2 absorption rates in plants, it has been hypothesized that this will boost water use efficiency (WUE) in C3 species.
What effects does rising CO2 have on C3 and C4 plants?The findings demonstrated that plants' chlorophyll content increased when CO2 concentration increased, particularly in C3 plants when they were intercropped with C4 plants. When CO2 levels were elevated, C3 plants had far heavier roots, stems, and leaves than C4 plants did.
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Check all that are characteristics of the somatic nervous system (SNS).
Consists of two neurons in the pathway
Effector organs are skeletal muscle fibers
Axons are myelinated and thick
Either excites or inhibits effector organs
The characteristics of the somatic nervous system (SNS) include the effector organs which are skeletal muscle fibers and axons which are myelinated and thick. Thus, the correct options are B and C.
What is Somatic Nervous System (SNS)?The somatic nervous system or the voluntary nervous system is the part of the peripheral nervous system which is associated with the voluntary control of the body movements via the skeletal muscles.
The characteristic of the somatic nervous system is that it controls the skeletal muscles. Somatic senses inform the nervous system about the external environment, but the response is through the voluntary muscle movements.
Therefore, the correct options are B and C.
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