Restwell is in the process of taking over a smaller private limited company, Stay
good Ltd. The first step in making a bid for Stay
good is to determine the value of the company.
The share holders of Restwell have a weighted average cost of capital of 12%, P/E ratio of 12%, and a required rate of return of 15%.
Since Stay
good is more risky than Restwell, the shareholders in Stay
good require a rate of 20% higher than the shareholders of Restwell. Restwell estimates that cash flows at the end of the first year will be £2.5m and these will grow at an annual rate of 5%. Restwell also expects to raise £5m in two years' time by selling off hotels of Stay
good that are surplus to its needs.
The valuation methods used to determine the value of Stay
good are the following:
Price/Earnings Ratio valuation:
To estimate the value of Stay
good using the Price/Earnings Ratio method, the formula is:
Value = Earnings per share * Price/Earnings Ratio
(Earnings per share = £2.5m)Price/Earnings Ratio = P/E ratio + (P/E ratio * required rate of return) = 12% + (12% * 20%) = 14.4%Value = £2.5m * 14.4 = £36
m
Gordon Growth Model:
The Gordon Growth Model estimates the value of a company based on its future dividends. The formula is:
Value = Dividend per share / (Required rate of return - Dividend growth rate)(Dividend per share = Earnings per share * dividend payout ratio = £2.5m * 100% = £2.5m)
Required rate of return = shareholders' required rate of return + risk premium = 15% + 20% = 35%Dividend growth rate = 5%Value = £2.5m / (35% - 5%) = £8.33m
Discounted Cash Flow Valuation:
To estimate the value of Stay
good using the Discounted Cash Flow method, the formula is:
Value = Present value of cash flows + Present value of terminal value(Present value of cash flows = £2.5m / (1 + 12%)^1 + (£2.5m * 1.05) / (1 + 12%)^2 = £4.17mPresent value of terminal value = £5m / (1 + 12%)^2 = £3.73mValue = £4.17m + £3.73m = £7.9mTherefore, the estimated values of Stay
good using the Price/Earnings Ratio valuation, Gordon Growth Model, and Discounted Cash Flow Valuation are £36m, £8.33m, and £7.9m, respectively.
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Sometimes consumers put off purchase decisions until the last minute. Think about the Last-Minute Shopper segment discussed in Consumer Insight 1–1: Have you ever still been shopping on Christmas Eve? Or have you ever waited until right before a vacation to book a flight and hotel? Well, you are not alone, and the consequences are significant. A recent study examined how people react to different advertising themes when they were either booking a last-minute summer vacation or planning for a winter-break vacation many months away. Two ad themes for an online travel service were created, with differing taglines, as follows:24
Prevention-focused ad: Don’t get stuck at home! Don’t get ripped off!
Promotion-focused ad: Give yourself a memorable vacation! Get the best deals!
After viewing the ads, consumers were asked how much they would pay for a ticket from the service. The results may surprise you because scaring people sometimes led to a willingness to pay more, but not always. Can you predict when the prevention-focused ad worked better and when the promotion-focused ad worked better? Here are the results:
Last-minute summer vacation (how much would you pay for a ticket?)
Prevention-focused ad: $672
Promotion-focused ad: $494
Future winter-break vacation (how much would you pay for a ticket?)
Prevention-focused ad: $415
Promotion-focused ad: $581
This may seem odd until you consider the fact that when consumers are shopping at the last minute (last-minute summer vacation in the example above), their goals are prevention-focused such as minimizing losses and mistakes. The prevention-focused ad worked best in this situation because it played into consumer fears about those losses. Alternatively, when consumers are shopping well in advance (future winter-break vacation in the example above), their goals are promotion-focused goals such as personal growth and aspirations. The promotion-focused ad worked best in this situation because it played into those consumer desires and aspirations.
According to Jennifer Aaker, an expert in this area: [It’s] about how people are motivated by hope and optimism on one hand and by fear on the other.
For holiday marketers, the results seem clear: Utilize positive (promotion-focused) messages early on and negative (prevention-focused) messages close to the holiday. Last-minute shoppers beware!
Answer these questions:
1. Why is it that fear-based appeals are not always the most effective?
2. Do you see any ethical issues associated with applying knowledge of decision timing to decisions about promotional themes? Explain.
Fear-based appeals are not always the most effective because consumer response depends on the timing of their purchase decision and their underlying goals and motivations.
Fear-based appeals may not always be the most effective because consumer response depends on various factors, including the timing of their purchase decision and their underlying goals and motivations. In the case of last-minute shoppers, who are focused on preventing losses or mistakes, fear-based appeals can be more persuasive as they tap into consumer concerns and prompt them to take action. However, for consumers planning well in advance, their goals may be more promotion-focused, centered around personal growth and aspirations. In such cases, positive and optimistic messages tend to resonate better.
Regarding the ethical implications, applying knowledge of decision timing to promotional themes raises concerns about manipulating consumer emotions. By strategically using fear-based appeals close to holidays or last-minute shopping periods, marketers may exploit consumer vulnerabilities and induce impulsive or unnecessary purchases. It is essential to consider the ethical implications of creating advertisements that leverage consumer fears or aspirations and ensure that the messaging aligns with the genuine value and benefits of the product or service being promoted. Transparency, honesty, and responsible marketing practices are crucial to maintaining trust and fostering long-term relationships with consumers.
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Blustream, Inc., considers a project in which it will sell the use of its technology to firms in Mexico. It already has received orders from Mexican firms that wenerate 4 million Mexican pesos (MXP) in revenue at the end of the next year. However, it might also receive a contract to provide this technology to the Mexican government. In this case, it will generate a total of MXP6 million at the end of the next year. It will not know whether it will receive the government order until the end of the year. Today's spot rate of the peso is $0.12. The one-year forward rate is $0.10. Blustream expects that the spot rate of the peso will be $0.11 one year from now nitial outlay will be $300,000 to cover development expenses (regardless of whether the Mexican government purchases the thechnology). Blustream will pursue the broject only if it can satisfy its required rate of return of 20 percent. Ignore possible tax effects. It decides to hedge the maximum amount of revenue that it receive rom the project. a. Determine the NPV if Blustream receives the government contract. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest dollive should be indicated by a minus sign. $ (3) b. If Blustream does not receive the contract, it will have hedged more than it needed to and will offset the excess forward sales by purchasing pesos in the spot market at the time the forward sale is executed. Determine the NPV of the project assuming that Blustream does not receive the government contract. Do not intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest dollar. Negative value should be indicated by a minus sign. $ (3) c. Now consider an alternative strategy in which Blustream only hedges the minimum peso revenue that it will receive. In this case, any revenue due to government contract would not be hedged. Determine the NPV based on this alternative strategy and assume that Blustream receives the government contract. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest dollar. Negative value should be indicated by a minus sign. $ (3) d. If Blustream uses the alternative strategy of only hedging the minimum peso revenue that it will receive, determine the NPV assuming that it does not receive the $ e. If there is a 50 percent chance that Blustream will receive the government contract, would you advise Blustream to hedge the maximum amount or the minimum amount of revenue that it may receive? Explain. It should hedge the amount of revenue, since the NPV for either scenario is f. Blustream recognizes that it is exposed to exchange rate risk whether it hedges the minimum amount or the maximum am receiver it considers a pesos. The one-year put option has an exercise price of $0.105 and a premium of $0.009. Determine the NPV if Blustream uses this strategy and receives the government contract. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest dollar. Negative in 5 (3) Also, determine the NPV if Blustream uses this strategy and does not receive the government contract. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest dollar. Negative value should be indicated by a minus sign. $ Given that there is a 50 percent probability that Blustream will receive the government contract, would you use this new strategy or the strategy that you selected in question (e)? It is better to use the strategy offered in the since it results in greater amount of NPV for both scenarios.
Given that there is a 50 percent probability that Blues tream will receive the government contract, it would be better to use the new strategy that Blues tream recognizes.
NPV if Blues tream receives the government contract is -$112,000. It is computed as follows: NPV = -Initial Outlay + PV of Future Cash Flows [tex]Initial Outlay = $300,000[/tex] Mexican Peso to [tex]USD spot rate = $0.12USD300,000 / $0.12 = MXP 2,500,000NPV = -$300,000 + [(MXP 4,000,000 / $0.11) + (MXP 2,000,000 / $0.10)] / (1.20)NPV = -$112,000[/tex].
NPV if Blues tream does not receive the government contract is -$61,500. It is computed as follows: NPV = -Initial Outlay + PV of Future Cash Flows Initial Outlay = $300,000Mexican Peso to[tex]USD spot rate = $0.12USD300,000 / $0.12 = MXP 2,500,000NPV = -$300,000 + (MXP 4,000,000 / $0.11) / (1.20) - [MXP 2,500,000 - (MXP 4,000,000 / $0.10)] / $0.12 / (1.20)NPV = -$61,500[/tex].
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At the peak of a busaness cycle, you would expect vanemployment to be low. Answers A - B A True B False
At the peak of a business cycle, you would expect the unemployment rate to be low. This is due to the fact that when the economy is strong and growing, businesses are generating more revenue and profits.
As a result, they are more likely to hire additional workers to keep up with demand for their products or services.In addition, when the unemployment rate is low, workers have more bargaining power when it comes to negotiating salaries and benefits.
Furthermore, a low unemployment rate can lead to a more vibrant economy overall, as workers have more money to spend on goods and services.
"At the peak of a business cycle, you would expect the unemployment rate to be low" is true.
When the economy is strong and growing, businesses are more likely to hire additional workers, which can lead to a low unemployment rate.
Additionally, a low unemployment rate can have a positive impact on the overall economy, as it can lead to increased consumer spending and economic growth.
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Maria Jensen, an insurance agent, earns a 40% commission on her sales. If Maria earned a commission of $1,500 in her first week on the job, what were her total sales for the week?
Maria Jensen is an insurance agent who earns a commission of 40% on her sales. In her first week on the job, Maria earned a commission of $1,500.
We can solve the problem by using the formula below;
C = P x Rwhere;C = Commission earnedP = Total salesR = Commission rate
Maria's commission rate is 40%. That means the commission she earned represents 40% of the total sales.
We can represent the total sales with the letter "S." We can,
herefore, write an equation below to represent the information given in the problem;
1,500 = 0.40S
We can solve for S by dividing both sides of the equation by 0.40;1,500/0.40 = S3750 = S
Total sales for the week were $3,750.
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A firm has a 7% coupon bond outstanding that matures in 14years. the bond paysinterest semiannually. face value is $1000 and YTM is 16.5%. what is the market price per bond?
The expression 1/(1+r)^t relates to the future value factor
True/false
A firm just paid a 1.35 annual dividend. dividends are expected to increase by 2.9% annually, and the rate of return is 15.75 How much you pay for this stock today?
`12.75
11.7
10.81
11.17
12.46
The calculation for a bond's present value can be used to get the market price per bond: Bond market prices are calculated as follows: face value / (1 + YTM/2)(2*t) + coupon payment / (1 + YTM/2)(2*t).
We may determine the coupon payment as follows: Coupon payment = 0.07 * $1000 = $70 given that the coupon payment is 7% of the $1000 face value. Market price per bond = ($70 / (1 + 0.165/2)(2*14) + ($1000 / (1 + 0.165/2)(2*14)) substituting the values The current market price for each bond is roughly $648.81. The current value factor, not the future value factor, is what the formula 1/(1+r)t refers to. Therefore, the claim is untrue. The dividend discount model (DDM), which we can use to determine the stock price: Dividend per (Rate of return - Dividend growth rate) = Stock Price Substituting the values displayed: Price of a share equals $1.35 / (0.1575-2.009) The current stock price is about $12.75. Therefore, $12.75 is the right answer.
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a production planning method is based on goods being produced based on forecasted customer demand?
The production planning method that is based on goods being produced based on forecasted customer demand is known as demand planning. It is the process of estimating future customer demand for a product or service in order to plan and optimize production, inventory, and supply chain operations. Demand planning is a critical aspect of production planning because it helps ensure that the right products are produced in the right quantities at the right time to meet customer demand.
Demand planning is a complex process that involves analyzing historical sales data, market trends, customer preferences, and other factors to develop a forecast of future demand. This forecast is used to create a production plan that outlines the quantity and timing of production, inventory levels, and supply chain requirements. The goal of demand planning is to minimize inventory costs while ensuring that customer demand is met.
In conclusion, demand planning is a production planning method that is based on goods being produced based on forecasted customer demand. It is a critical aspect of production planning that helps ensure that the right products are produced in the right quantities at the right time to meet customer demand. Demand planning involves analyzing historical sales data, market trends, customer preferences, and other factors to develop a forecast of future demand, which is used to create a production plan that outlines the quantity and timing of production, inventory levels, and supply chain requirements.
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Write a reflective journal about your understanding of
the Planning Process Group of Risk Management knowledge area.
Weitage 15% from final score.
As a reflective journal about my understanding of the Planning Process Group of Risk Management knowledge area, I have gathered significant knowledge about the concepts of risk management planning and how to use it.
In simple terms, the planning process group for risk management is a powerful tool that allows project managers to develop strategies and create ways to manage risks associated with projects.
The planning process group involves multiple steps that include risk management planning, risk identification, risk analysis, risk response planning, and risk control.
These steps will enable the project managers to understand the risk scope, plan accordingly, and take proactive measures to mitigate the risk. Risk management planning is a crucial step in this process as it provides the foundation for creating an effective risk management plan.
It is during this stage that a project manager can determine the level of risk exposure and devise a plan to handle them. Additionally, the risk management plan includes essential elements such as risk assessment criteria, the roles and responsibilities of team members, risk reporting procedures, and risk management budget.
Furthermore, risk identification is another critical step of the planning process group. It is here that a project manager must identify all potential risks that could negatively impact the project and its outcomes.
In conclusion, my understanding of the Planning Process Group of Risk Management knowledge area is that it is a critical step in managing project risks.
It ensures that project managers have the necessary strategies and plans to mitigate risk factors that could cause a project to fail.
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Most people, when buying a house of their own, have to take out a home loan to cover the cost of buying the house. Create a spreadsheet model that calculates the monthly payment that will be required on a home loan. Include the following input values in the model: - Price of the house - The annual interest rate on the loan (compounded monthly) - Initial deposit (This is the amount that you put down and will be subtracted from the price of the house to determine the loan amount.) - Term (number of years to pay off the loan) Use formulas to calculate the following output values: - The monthly payment amount (Hint: Use the Excel PMT formula.) - The total amount paid (the monthly payments multiplied by the months of the term) - The interest paid (the total amount paid minus the loan amount) Use your model to answer the following questions: a. Give the spreadsheet formula that you used to calculate the monthly payment amount. Explain each part of the expression (state what is stored in any reference cells used in the formula). b. Give the monthly payment and the total interest paid on a house of R.750 000 at 9% interest over 20 years if no deposit is put down. c. How does the answer change (the monthly payment and the total interest paid) if a deposit of R20 000 on the price of the house is put down? d. Perform a sensitivity analysis to model the effect of a change in interest rate on the monthly payment amount. Use a house value of R 750000 over 20 years with a deposit of R20 000 on the price of the house. Use interest rate values from 6% to 10% in increments of 0.5%. Use your sensitivity analysis table to answer the following questions. i Give the monthly payment amount corresponding to an interest rate of 8.5%. ii At what interest rate will the monthly payment amount be more than R6 000 ?
i. To find the monthly payment amount corresponding to an interest rate of 8.5%, refer to the corresponding cell in column C when the interest rate in column B is 8.5%.
ii. To determine the interest rate at which the monthly payment amount exceeds R6,000, check the interest rates in column B until you find the first row where the corresponding monthly payment in column C is greater than R6,000.
To create a spreadsheet model that calculates the monthly payment required on a home loan, you can use the following steps:
Set up the input values in the spreadsheet:
Cell A1: Price of the house (e.g., R750,000)
Cell A2: Annual interest rate on the loan (e.g., 9%)
Cell A3: Initial deposit (e.g., R20,000)
Cell A4: Term in years (e.g., 20)
Calculate the loan amount by subtracting the initial deposit from the price of the house:
Cell A5: Loan amount formula: =A1-A3
Calculate the monthly interest rate by dividing the annual interest rate by 12 (months):
Cell A6: Monthly interest rate formula: =A2/12
Calculate the number of monthly payments by multiplying the term by 12 (months):
Cell A7: Number of monthly payments formula: =A4*12
Calculate the monthly payment amount using the PMT formula in Excel:
Cell A8: Monthly payment formula: =PMT(A6, A7, -A5)
Calculate the total amount paid by multiplying the monthly payment by the number of monthly payments:
Cell A9: Total amount paid formula: =A8*A7
Calculate the interest paid by subtracting the loan amount from the total amount paid:
Cell A10: Interest paid formula: =A9-A5
To answer the questions:
a. The spreadsheet formula used to calculate the monthly payment amount (Cell A8) is =PMT(A6, A7, -A5).
In this formula:
A6 refers to the monthly interest rate (cell containing the formula).
A7 refers to the number of monthly payments (cell containing the formula).
A5 refers to the loan amount (cell containing the formula).
b. To calculate the monthly payment and total interest paid on a house of R750,000 at 9% interest over 20 years with no deposit, you can use the formulas mentioned above.
The monthly payment amount will be the value in cell A8, and the total interest paid will be the value in cell A10.
c. To calculate the effect of a deposit of R20,000 on the monthly payment and total interest paid, you need to update the loan amount formula (cell A5) to subtract the deposit from the price of the house.
The monthly payment amount and total interest paid will then be recalculated automatically based on the updated loan amount.
d. Perform a sensitivity analysis by creating a table that calculates the monthly payment amount for different interest rates. In the table, set up the following columns:
Column B: Interest rates from 6% to 10% in increments of 0.5% (e.g., 6%, 6.5%, 7%, ...)
Column C: Monthly payment formula:
=PMT(B2/12, A7, -A5)
i. To find the monthly payment amount corresponding to an interest rate of 8.5%, refer to the corresponding cell in column C when the interest rate in column B is 8.5%.
ii. To determine the interest rate at which the monthly payment amount exceeds R6,000, check the interest rates in column B until you find the first row where the corresponding monthly payment in column C is greater than R6,000.
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Math 116 Quiz 2 Name 2. The sales function for a product is given by S(x)=80+50x+400x 2
− 3
100
x 3
, where x represents thousands of dollars spent on advertising, 0≤x≤8, and S is in thousands of dollars. Find the point of diminishing returns (i.e. the inflection point). Determine the amount spent on advertising as well as the sales in dollars (i.e. give both coordinates). Show all calculus steps for full credit. Point of diminishing returns: ( Amount Spent on Advertising: Sales in dollars:
Given function: S(x)=80+50x+400x² − (3/100)x³, where x represents thousands of dollars spent on advertising and S is in thousands of dollars
To find the point of diminishing returns (i.e. the inflection point), we need to find the second derivative of the function
S'(x) = 50 + 800x - (9/100)x²S''(x)
= 800 - (18/100)x
For inflection point, S''(x) = 0
Thus 800 - (18/100)x = 0 ⇒ x = 4444.44
From the above obtained value of x, we need to find the amount spent on advertising and the sales in dollars
We know that, x represents thousands of dollars spent on advertising
Amount spent on advertising = 4444.44 thousands of dollars
Sales in dollars = S(4.4444)
= 80+50(4.4444)+400(4.4444)² − (3/100)(4.4444)³
= $62,370.34
Therefore, the inflection point is (4444.44, $62,370.34).
The amount spent on advertising is 4444.44 thousands of dollars and sales in dollars is $62,370.34.
Hence, the required solution is as follows: The point of diminishing returns is (4444.44, $62,370.34).
The amount spent on advertising is 4444.44 thousands of dollars and sales in dollars is $62,370.34.
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Ethical behavior is essential to the conduct of business activity Consider each of the following business behaviors:
Required:
Identify each behavior as ethical or unethical
a. A manager prepares financial statements that grossly overstate the performance of the business
b. A CPA resigns from an audit engagement rather than allow a business client to violate an accounting standard.
An internal auditor decides against confronting an employee of the business with minor violations of business policy. The employee is a former college classmate of the
auditor
d. An accountant advises his client on ways to legally minimize tax payments to the government.
6. A manager legally reduces the price of a product to secure a larger share of the market.
f. Managers of several large companies secretly meet to plan price reductions designed to drive up-and-coming competitors out of the market.
g. An accountant keeps confidential details of the employer's legal operations that would be of interest to the public.
h. A recently dismissed accountant tells comperors details about her former employer's operations as she seeks a new job
Ethical behavior is essential to the conduct of business activity. Here is the identification of each behavior as ethical or unethical:a. A manager prepares financial statements that grossly overstate the performance of the business.
It is considered an unethical behavior because preparing false financial statements is an act of fraud and can lead to legal action.Managers of several large companies secretly meet to plan price reductions designed to drive up-and-coming competitors out of the market.
It is considered an unethical behavior because this is an illegal antitrust practice that is aimed to reduce competition in the market. A recently dismissed accountant tells comperors . It is considered an unethical behavior because it violates the confidentiality agreement between the employer and the accountant.
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Which law requires a company with federal contracts to use certified payroll for any contract size? Multiple Choice Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act Copeland Anti-Kickback Act Davis-Bacon Act Sarbanes-Oxley Act
The correct answer is: Davis-Bacon Act.
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Click the icon to view the interest and annuity table for discrete compounding when the MARR is 13% per year. The FW of the following engineering project is ? (Round to the nearest dollar.)
As the interest and annuity table for discrete compounding when the MARR is 13% per year is not given in the question, it is difficult to calculate the future worth (FW) of the engineering project. However, I can explain the formula used to calculate the future worth of a project and the concept of MARR.
The future worth (FW) is the sum of the present worth (PW) and the compound interest earned on it. The formula to calculate the future worth (FW) of a project is:
FW = PW(1 + i)n
Where,
PW = Present worth of the project
i = Interest rate per compounding period
n = Number of compounding periods
The Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return (MARR) is the lowest rate of return or the minimum rate of return that an investor expects from an investment to compensate them for the time, opportunity cost, and risk involved in the investment. In other words, it is the minimum rate of return that a company or investor will accept for investing in a project or an investment opportunity.
In the given question, the interest and annuity table for discrete compounding when the MARR is 13% per year is not given, so it is impossible to calculate the future worth (FW) of the engineering project.
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1) how do projects differ from operations? a) they have a set budget. b) they produce a unique product. c) they have a deadline. d) they have cross-functional teams.
The projects differ from operations because they produce a unique product. The correct option is b.
A project is a brief activity begun with the goal of producing a unique result. The ongoing application of actions that take place after a product is made to create the same end or a repeated service is referred to as operations. Projects are time-bound and have start and finish dates. Operations are the daily chores that ensure the company's smooth running. All endeavours, whether short-term or long-term, must come to an end. In contrast, operations are ongoing.
Projects provide a one-of-a-kind product, service, or outcome, whereas operations produce the same product, strive to make a profit, and keep the system going.
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Discuss how IKEA has changed its pricing strategy to enter
Bahrain based on the internal factors of IKEA and external factors
of Bahrain. (10 marks)
IKEA is a Swedish furniture company that has been providing its products to customers globally. IKEA's pricing strategies have been an essential aspect of the company’s growth.
Success and expansion into the international market. IKEA's pricing strategy is based on various internal and external factors that have impacted the company's pricing structure, including the entry into Bahrain.Let's discuss how IKEA changed its pricing strategy to enter Bahrain:External factors affecting IKEA's pricing strategy in Bahrain Bahrain has several external factors.
The company adjusted its pricing strategy based on external and internal factors to meet customer needs and gain more market share. The company’s low pricing strategy and high-quality products were the key to its success in Bahrain.
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Which of the following would most likely increase the Zhejun Corporation's net profit margin ratio? Mulliple Choice A decrease in the overall sales volume. An increase in the unit selling price. An increase in cost of goods sold. An increase in operating expenses.
An increase in the unit selling price is the option among those presented that would most likely result in a higher net profit margin ratio for Zhejun Corporation. By dividing net profit by net sales, the net profit margin ratio is determined.
By raising the unit selling price, the business can sell more units while earning more money from each one, which could boost net profit. For this reason, even while the increased selling price has no immediate effect on the cost of goods sold or operating expenses, it nevertheless helps to increase sales income. On the other hand, a decline in overall sales volume, an increase in cost of goods sold, or an increase in operating expenses would typically have a detrimental effect on the net profit margin ratio, as they all affect the company's ability to make a profit. would make the business less profitable.
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for year ended december 31 current year 1 year ago sales $ 673,500 $ 532,000 cost of goods sold $ 411,225 $ 345,500 other operating expenses 209,550 134,980 interest expense 12,100 13,300 income tax expense 9,525 8,845 total costs and expenses 642,400 502,625 net income $ 31,100 $ 29,375 earnings per share $ 1.90 $ 1.80 additional information about the company follows. common stock market price, december 31, current year $ 30.00 common stock market price, december 31, 1 year ago 28.00 annual cash dividends per share in current year 0.29 annual cash dividends per share 1 year ago 0.24 for both the current year and one year ago, compute the following ratios: 1. return on equity. 2. dividend yield. 3a. price-earnings ratio on december 31. 3b. assuming simon's competitor has a price-earnings ratio of 10, which company has higher market expectations for future growth?
Comparing the long-term risk and capital structure positions between 2014 and 2013, we observe that the debt ratio increased slightly from 94.5% to 95.5%.
The equity ratio increased marginally from 94.4% to 95.4%.
The debt-to-equity ratio decreased from 0.0599 to 0.0481, indicating a reduction in the company's reliance on debt financing.
The times interest earned ratio improved from 3.4 to 3.7, indicating an increase in the company's ability to cover its interest expenses with operating income.
Debt Ratio:
The debt ratio measures the proportion of a company's assets that are financed by debt. It is calculated by dividing total debt by total assets and multiplying by 100 to express the result as a percentage. The formula is as follows:
Debt Ratio = (Total Debt / Total Assets) * 100
For the year 2014:
Debt Ratio = (642,400 / 673,500) * 100 = 95.5%
For the year 2013:
Debt Ratio = (502,625 / 532,000) * 100 = 94.5%
Equity Ratio:
The equity ratio represents the portion of a company's assets that are financed by shareholders' equity. It is calculated by dividing total equity by total assets and multiplying by 100. The formula is as follows:
Equity Ratio = (Total Equity / Total Assets) * 100
For the year 2014:
Equity Ratio = ((673,500 - 642,400) / 673,500) * 100 = 95.4%
For the year 2013:
Equity Ratio = ((532,000 - 502,625) / 532,000) * 100 = 94.4%
Debt-to-Equity Ratio:
The debt-to-equity ratio indicates the relative proportion of debt and equity in a company's capital structure. It is calculated by dividing total debt by total equity. The formula is as follows:
Debt-to-Equity Ratio = Total Debt / Total Equity
For the year 2014:
Debt-to-Equity Ratio = 642,400 / (673,500 - 642,400) = 0.0481
For the year 2013:
Debt-to-Equity Ratio = 502,625 / (532,000 - 502,625) = 0.0599
Times Interest Earned:
The times interest earned ratio assesses a company's ability to cover its interest expenses with its operating income. It is calculated by dividing earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) by interest expenses. The formula is as follows:
Times Interest Earned = EBIT / Interest Expenses
For the year 2014:
Times Interest Earned = (Net Income + Interest Expense + Income Tax) / Interest Expense = (31,100 + 12,100 + 9,525) / 12,100 = 3.7
For the year 2013:
Times Interest Earned = (Net Income + Interest Expense + Income Tax) / Interest Expense = (29,375 + 13,300 + 8,845) / 13,300 = 3.4
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Research one example where a generic drug helped to drive costs of a brand name drug down. Post what the drug was, what the generic was and how bong it took to create the alternative. Also, describe ary interesting issues that came up during this generic drug development; examples could include eatent issues, harmful side effects, patient response, hurting of the brand name drug company stock $, but other issues can be analyzed as well SAGE
A generic drug is identical to the brand-name drug in dosage, strength, route of administration, quality, intended use, and side effects. In this sense, it is equivalent in terms of safety, strength, quality, and performance.
It also generates considerable cost savings, as the generic version is usually less expensive than the brand-name equivalent. One example of a generic drug driving down the cost of a brand-name drug is the case of Lipitor. It is one of the world's most widely used cholesterol-lowering medications.
It was created by Pfizer, who held the patent for the drug until 2011. In 2011, the company lost the patent for Lipitor, and other firms began developing generic versions. As a result, the cost of Lipitor went down by 80%.The generic version of Lipitor is called atorvastatin. There are several other companies that produce this generic.
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The HR manager would also like to find out whether employees with different length of service have on average different commitment levels.
Which statistical test would you use to assess the HR manager’s belief? Explain why this test is appropriate. Provide the null and alternative hypothesis for the test. Define any symbols you use. Detail any assumptions you make.
To assess the HR manager's belief about whether employees with different lengths of service have different commitment levels, a suitable statistical test to use would be the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test.
The ANOVA test is appropriate in this scenario because it compares the means of three or more groups to determine if there are any significant differences among them. In this case, the groups would correspond to employees with different lengths of service (e.g., short-term, medium-term, long-term). The test will help determine if there are any significant differences in the average commitment levels between these groups.
Null hypothesis (H₀): The mean commitment levels of employees with different lengths of service are equal.
Alternative hypothesis (H₁): The mean commitment levels of employees with different lengths of service are not equal.
Symbol definitions:
μ₁: Mean commitment level of employees with short-term service.
μ₂: Mean commitment level of employees with medium-term service.
μ₃: Mean commitment level of employees with long-term service.
Assumptions:
Independence: The commitment levels of employees in each group are independent of each other.
Normality: The commitment levels within each group follow a normal distribution.
Homogeneity of variances: The variances of commitment levels are equal across all groups.
Before conducting the ANOVA test, it is important to check if these assumptions are met. If any of the assumptions are violated, alternative tests or adjustments (such as transforming the data) may be necessary.
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Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in forming equity perceptions?
a. Form a perception of how a comparison-other is being treated.
b. Compare one's own circumstances with those of a comparison-other.
c. Evaluate how one is being treated by an organization.
d. Satisfy physiological needs before growth needs.
Satisfying physiological needs before growth needs is not a step in forming equity perceptions. It is a concept from Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which is a theory of motivation.
The steps in forming equity perceptions are:
Form a perception of how a comparison-other is being treated. This means comparing the inputs and outcomes of the comparison-other to your own inputs and outcomes.
Compare one's own circumstances with those of a comparison-other. This means comparing your own inputs and outcomes to the comparison-other's inputs and outcomes.
Evaluate how one is being treated by an organization. This means evaluating whether you feel that you are being treated fairly by the organization.
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what is it called when a seller-lender agrees to allow the conventional lender to become the senior lien holder?
Main Answer: The process where a seller-lender agrees to allow the conventional lender to become the senior lien holder is called subordination.
Subordination is a legal and financial agreement between parties involved in a real estate transaction. In this scenario, the seller-lender holds a lien on the property, typically due to seller financing or a carryback loan. However, when the buyer obtains a conventional loan from a traditional lender, the conventional lender may require the seller-lender to subordinate their lien.
By agreeing to subordination, the seller-lender allows the conventional lender to have a higher priority lien on the property. This means that in the event of foreclosure or default, the conventional lender will have the first right to recover the outstanding loan amount before the seller-lender. Subordination is usually necessary for the conventional lender to feel secure in their position and to protect their investment.
Subordination can benefit both parties involved. For the buyer, it allows them to secure financing from a traditional lender, often at more favorable terms and interest rates. For the seller-lender, subordination may increase the likelihood of the property sale, as it enables the buyer to obtain the necessary financing. However, it's important for the seller-lender to carefully consider the terms and conditions of subordination to ensure their interests are protected.
Overall, subordination is a legal mechanism that allows the conventional lender to become the senior lien holder, providing security for their loan while enabling the buyer to secure financing from a traditional lender.
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1. Uber branching into food delivery, freight delivery, e-bikes, and car leasing (similar but different from their core business as a taxi service) is an example of Uber creating ___. (see possible answers below)
2. If drivers of Uber’s freight delivery service need different skills than those delivering food from restaurants, it means those workers require _____. (see below)
3. Uber’s ill-fated expansion internationally is an example of trying to create more ____. (see below)
4.Stating with certainty that Uber’s stock price fall the day after the assigned article was published could be an example of ___ (see below)
5. An Uber freight driver has a special license and skills for driving freight, a food delivery driver as different skills. This is an example of ___.
(Possible Answers: Specialization, Division of Labor, Economies of Scale, Economies of Scope, Post Hoc Fallacy, Scarcity, Dunning–Kruger effect )
1. Uber branching into food delivery, freight delivery, e-bikes, and car leasing (similar but different from their core business as a taxi service) is an example of Uber creating Economies of Scope.
Uber created economies of scope by branching out into new sectors of business that complement their primary business model and offer opportunities to use existing infrastructure.
2. If drivers of Uber’s freight delivery service need different skills than those delivering food from restaurants, it means those workers require specialization. Specialization is the concept of separating work into smaller, more specialized tasks to increase efficiency and productivity. Uber uses specialization to ensure that workers with specific skills are assigned to the right job.
3. Uber’s ill-fated expansion internationally is an example of trying to create more Economies of Scale. Economies of scale are cost savings achieved when a company produces more goods or services and decreases its average cost per unit. Uber expanded internationally to increase its reach and reduce the average cost per ride.
4. Stating with certainty that Uber’s stock price fall the day after the assigned article was published could be an example of Post Hoc Fallacy.
5. An Uber freight driver has a special license and skills for driving freight, a food delivery driver has different skills. This is an example of Division of Labor. Division of labor is the process of dividing work into smaller, more specialized tasks, each performed by a separate worker.
By dividing work into smaller tasks and assigning workers to specific roles, Uber ensures that drivers have the skills necessary to perform their jobs at the highest level.
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3. Relationship between tax revenues, deadweight loss, and demandelasticity The government is considering levying a tax of $80 per unit on suppliers of either leather jackets or smart phones. The supply curve for each of these two goods is identical, as you can see on each of the following graphs. The demand for leather jackets is shown by (on the first graph), and the demand for smart phones is shown by (on the second graph). Suppose the government taxes leather jackets. The following graph shows the annual supply and demand for this good. It also shows the supply curve ( ) shifted up by the amount of the proposed tax ($80 per jacket). On the following graph, use the green rectangle (triangle symbols) to shade the area that represents tax revenue for leather jackets. Then use the black triangle (plus symbols) to shade the area that represents the deadweight loss associated with the tax.
Tax revenue, deadweight loss, and demand elasticityThe taxation levied by the government on suppliers of either leather jackets or smartphones is $80 per unit.
The supply curve for each of these two goods is identical. The demand for leather jackets is shown on the first graph, and the demand for smartphones is shown on the second graph.
The graph shows the annual supply and demand for this good. It also shows the supply curve (S) shifted up by the amount of the proposed tax ($80 per jacket).
The green rectangle (triangle symbols) represents tax revenue for leather jackets, while the black triangle (plus symbols) represents the deadweight loss associated with the tax. The tax revenue will be generated by charging the tax on suppliers based on the amount of goods sold. If the government levies taxes on leather jackets, then it will result in a decline in demand for the product.
Consumers would have to pay an additional $80 for each leather jacket they purchase. As a result, the demand for leather jackets will fall. The decline in demand for leather jackets, as a result of the tax, causes a loss of consumer surplus. The deadweight loss is the reduction in total surplus caused by the tax, and the area of the black triangle (plus symbols) represents it.
It's the result of the misallocation of resources caused by the tax and represents the loss of value in trade. Taxation decreases total surplus in the market by more than the revenue generated by the tax (the area of the green rectangle or triangle symbols).The tax revenue earned by the government is used for social and economic development, and to meet its budgetary requirements.
The deadweight loss incurred by the economy is an inefficient allocation of resources. Therefore, the magnitude of deadweight loss and tax revenue generated would depend on the elasticity of demand. The more elastic the demand is, the greater the deadweight loss and the lower the tax revenue generated.
If the demand is inelastic, the revenue generated will be high, and the deadweight loss will be low. The government needs to consider these factors while formulating the tax policy to minimize the loss of welfare.
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Campbell Company uses the gross method and a perpetual inventory system. Assuming the following entries, compute the amount that Campbell Company received on July 17. July 7 Sold goods costing $4,200 to Scott Company on account, $7,000, terms 5/10,n/30. The goods are shipped FOB Shipping_Point, Freight Prepaid by Seller, \$270. July 13 Scott Company returned undamaged merchandise previously purchased on account, $1,600. July 17 Received the amount due from Scott Company. Campbell Company uses the gross method and a perpetual inventory system. Assuming the following entries, compute the amount that Campbell Company received on July 17. July 7 Sold goods costing $4,200 to Scott Company on account, $7,000, terms 5/10,n/30. The goods are shipped FOB Shipping_Point, Freight Prepaid by Seller, \$270. July 13 Scott Company returned undamaged merchandise previously purchased on account, $1,600. July 17 Received the amount due from Scott Company.
The terms of the sale and any future returns must be taken into account in order to determine the amount Campbell Company received from Scott Company on July 17.
On July 7, Campbell Company made a consignment sale to Scott Company for $7,000 in products. A 5% discount was granted if payment was completed within 10 days, and the remaining balance was due in full within 30 days, according to the sale's 5/10, n/30 terms. Additionally, the freight was paid by the vendor at a cost of $270 and the goods were shipped FOB Shipping_ Point. On July 13, Scott Company returned $1,600 worth of intact goods that had been bought on credit. In the end, Campbell Company received the money owed from Scott Company on July 17. The amount received on July 17 should be calculated. we must think about whether Scott Company utilised the discount. Scott Company is qualified for the discount because the payment was made on July 17, which falls within the discount window. The entire amount payable less the discount would be the amount received, as follows: Payable in full: $7000 Discount ($350) (5% of $7,00) The amount received on July 17 is $6,650 ($7,000 - $350).
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4.1 With the aid of examples, discuss five (5) different types
of inventories present in the supply chain operations
Inventories are critical components of the supply chain operations. They are needed for the production process, safeguarding against stock-outs, and improving customer satisfaction.
There are different types of inventories that supply chain operations managers should be aware of. These types are described below:
1. Raw materials inventory: This inventory includes all the inputs and resources required for manufacturing a product. It comprises of items like steel, wood, fabric, and chemicals, among others.
Raw materials inventories are usually kept close to the manufacturing site to reduce the lead time required for sourcing.
2. Work-in-progress (WIP) inventory: This inventory comprises items that are currently in the production process. These items are not yet finished, and they require additional processing before they can be deemed complete.
Examples of WIP inventories include unfinished products, partially assembled components, and semi-finished products, among others.
3. Finished goods inventory: Finished goods inventory refers to products that have been completed and are awaiting shipment to their final destination. Examples of finished goods include clothes, electronics, furniture, and books, among others.
4. Maintenance, repair, and operating (MRO) inventory: MRO inventory comprises items that are used to support the production process.
These items are not part of the final product but are necessary for the production process to run smoothly. Examples of MRO inventory include bolts, nuts, lubricants, cleaning supplies, and protective gear, among others.
5. Safety stock inventory: This inventory is used to safeguard against stock-outs. It comprises of additional inventory kept on hand to prevent stock-outs that may result from unexpected demand or supply chain disruptions.
The amount of safety stock inventory is determined based on demand variability, supplier lead time, and other risk factors.
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lostridium difficile Case Study 24-year-old woman suffered from recurrent severe episodes of an intestinal disorder called Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) for past 13 months. She routinely experienced profuse watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. In addition, she was feeling tired and hopeless because she did not seem to be gettering well, despite long attempts at multiple different treatments. As with most patients who have CDI, the woman had been taking an oral antibiotic shortly before her symptoms began - in this case to treat a tooth infection. The antibiotic had successfully killed that bacteria but caused her tooth infection, but it also killed some members of her normal intestinal microbiota. As a result, the bacterium Clostridium difficile - often referred to simply as "C. diff" – thrived in her intestinal tract, growing to much higher numbers than it could before. The strain that causes her infection was able to make a toxin that damaged the lining of her intestinal tract. When the patient first started experience CDI, her doctor told her to stop taking the antibiotic prescribed for her tooth infection, hoping that her CDI would resolve on its own. When that did not help, the doctor prescribed a different antibiotic that is often effective in treating CDI. The patient started feeling better, but the symptoms quickly returned when she stopped taking the medication. She also tried oral supplements containing Lactobacillus GG, a bacterium that sometimes appears to be effective in preventing antibiotic associated diarrhea. Because that patient's health was declining, doctors suggested a fecal transplant, p procedure that involves in inserting feces from a healthy person into the patient's intestinal tract in order to repopulate that environment with appropriate microbes. The chose to use her sister as a fecal donor, screening both the donor and the patient to ensure that neither was infected with certain infectious agents, including various intestinal pathogens and HIV. Approximately Y cup of fresh feces was mixed with 1 quarter of water and delivered to her intestinal tract via a colonoscope. Within days after the transplant, the patient began feeling better, and soon recovered completely. 1. Why would certain oral antibiotics allow Clostridium difficile thrive in the intestinal tract? 2. Why would the doctors screen both the patient and the decal donor for certain infectious agents? 3. Why would the doctors transplant feces rather than introducing isolated bacteria from feces to repopulate
1. Certain oral antibiotics allow Clostridium difficile to thrive in the intestinal tract because they kill the normal microbiota of the gut and create an imbalance in the gut microbiome that leads to the overgrowth of Clostridium difficile.
2. The doctors screen both the patient and the fecal donor for certain infectious agents to ensure that the fecal transplant does not transfer other pathogens, such as HIV, into the patient.
3. The doctors would transplant feces rather than introducing isolated bacteria from feces to repopulate because fecal transplant provides an entire ecosystem of microbes to the patient that interact and function together. The intestinal microbiota is a complex and dynamic community of microbes that perform vital functions such as breaking down food, producing vitamins and hormones, and regulating the immune system.
Fecal transplant aims to restore the balance and function of the gut microbiome, which can be difficult to achieve by introducing isolated bacterial species. Fecal transplant also provides more diversity in the gut microbiome, which has been associated with improved health outcomes.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. ___ is a procedure in which a series of high-probability requests are followed with a low-probability request in order to get the client to perform the low-probability request.
Foot-in-the-Door is a procedure in which a series of high-probability requests are followed with a low-probability request in order to get the client to perform the low-probability request.
Start with a series of small, easy-to-accomplish requests that have a high probability of being accepted by the client. These requests should be related to the ultimate goal or low-probability request.Once the client has complied with these initial requests, introduce the low-probability request. This request is typically more significant or demanding th an the previous ones.
The client is more likely to comply with the low-probability request because they have already demonstrated a pattern of compliance by accepting the earlier, high-probability requests. They may feel a sense of commitment or consistency to continue complying with your requests. The success of the Foot-in-the-Door technique relies on the principle of cognitive dissonance. The client may experience a discomfort or inconsistency between their initial compliance and their desire to maintain a positive self-image. To resolve this dissonance, they are more likely to perform the low-probability request.
For example, let's say a charity organization wants people to donate money for a cause. They could use the Foot-in-the-Door technique by first asking potential donors to sign a petition or wear a badge supporting the cause. These initial requests are easy to fulfill and have a high probability of acceptance.
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the annual report for cornflower ranch disclosed that 1 billion shares of common stock have been authorized. at the beginning of 2017, 770 million shares had been issued and the number of shares in treasury stock was 99 million. during 2017, the only common share transactions were that 16 million common shares were reissued from treasury and 22 million common shares were purchased and held as treasury stock.
The annual report for Cornflower Ranch stated that 1 billion shares of common stock have been authorized. At the beginning of 2017, 770 million shares had been issued, and there were 99 million shares in treasury stock.
To understand the given information, let's break it down step by step:Authorized shares: The annual report states that 1 billion shares of common stock have been authorized. This means that the company is legally allowed to issue up to 1 billion shares.Issued shares: At the beginning of 2017, 770 million shares had been issued. Issued shares are the total number of shares that the company has actually sold or distributed to shareholders.Treasury stock: The report also mentions that there were 99 million shares in treasury stock. Treasury stock refers to the shares that the company has repurchased from the market. These shares are held by the company itself and are not considered outstanding.
This means that some of the shares held in treasury stock were put back into circulation and sold to new shareholders. Purchased shares: Additionally, during 2017, the company purchased 22 million common shares and held them as treasury stock. This means that the company bought back some of its own shares from the market and kept them in treasury.To summarize, the main information from the annual report is that 1 billion shares of common stock have been authorized. At the beginning of 2017, 770 million shares were issued, and 99 million shares were held in treasury stock. Throughout the year, 16 million shares were reissued from treasury, and 22 million shares were purchased and held as treasury stock.
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In the long run, a shift to the right of the market demand curve in a perfectly competitive market the market until the last firm makes long-run profit. forces firms to exit; zero attracts firms to enter; positive attracts firms to enter; zero forces firms to exit; negative
In a perfectly competitive market, a shift to the right of the market demand curve in the long run is likely to attract firms to enter the market until the last firm makes a long-run profit. This is because the increase in demand implies that the equilibrium price will increase, which will make the profits of firms rise.
As such, new firms will be attracted to the market, hoping to take advantage of the higher profits. Eventually, the entry of new firms will cause the market supply curve to shift to the right, leading to a decrease in the equilibrium price.
If the price decreases to the point where firms are no longer making a profit, some firms will be forced to exit the market. This exit of firms will cause the market supply curve to shift to the left, leading to an increase in the equilibrium price.
The equilibrium price will continue to rise until the last firm in the market makes a long-run profit. Therefore, a shift to the right of the market demand curve in a perfectly competitive market is likely to attract firms to enter the market until the last firm makes a long-run profit.
This is because the equilibrium price will increase, leading to higher profits for firms and attracting new entrants. Eventually, the entry of new firms will lead to a decrease in the equilibrium price, causing some firms to exit the market.
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Fuente, Incorporated, has identified an investment project with the following cash flows. a.If the discount rate is 9 percent, what is the future value of these cash flows in year 4 ? b.What is the future value at a discount rate of 18 percent? c. What is the future value at discount rate of 27 percent?
Fuente, Incorporated, has an investment project with certain cash flows. The future value of these cash flows depends on the discount rate applied. By using different discount rates, we can calculate the future value of the cash flows in year 4. The discount rate represents the required rate of return or opportunity cost of capital.
a. To calculate the future value of the cash flows at a discount rate of 9 percent, we need to compound the cash flows over four years. The formula to calculate the future value is:
Future Value = Cash Flow * (1 + Discount Rate)^n
Substituting the values from the cash flows and the discount rate, and setting n = 4, we can calculate the future value.
b. Similarly, to calculate the future value at a discount rate of 18 percent, we use the same formula with the new discount rate.
c. Likewise, to calculate the future value at a discount rate of 27 percent, we use the formula with the given rate.
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perserk, what will be Luay's net settiement payment to/from Best on December 31, 2022? 36,000 payment 56000 recept |s12,000 payment 312000 receipt so Bart Golf Co. uses titanium in the production of its golf clubs. Bart anticipates that it will need to purchase 400 ounces of titanium in October 2022 , for clubs that will be shipped in the hoiday shopen price of titanium increases, this will increase the cost to produce the clubs, which will result in lower profit margins. To hedge the risk of increasing titanium prices, Bart enters into a the kolidum sherester November 30 delivery. $274,000 5210,000 $268,000 5280,000 $290,000
Bart Golf Co. anticipates a requirement of 400 ounces of titanium in October 2022 for the production of its golf clubs. To hedge the risk of increasing titanium prices, Bart enters into a futures contract.
The December 31, 2022, settlement prices for the futures contracts for titanium is $274,000. The net settlement payment to/from Best on December 31, 2022, for Bart will be as follows: Calculation of the total cost of titanium as of December 31, 2022:
Cost of 400 ounces of titanium in October 2022 = 400 x 660 = $264,000
Gain/loss from the futures contract: Since the futures price ($274,000)
exceeds the initial price ($268,000), Bart will have a gain of $6,000 per contract.
Gain per ounce = Gain per contract/ Number of ounces in the contract= $6,000 / 5000 = $1.
2 per ounce Net payment to/from Best: Since the market price has increased, Bart can purchase 400 ounces of titanium from the market at a higher price ($660) than what they had locked in ($670), to get a net settlement payment, Bart needs to subtract the gain from the loss incurred in purchasing the titanium from the market.
Net payment = (Cost of 400 ounces of titanium on December 31, 2022 from the market -
cost of titanium purchased using the futures contract) + (Gain per ounce x Number of ounces in the contract)
Net payment = ((400 ounces x $660) - (400 ounces x $670)) + ($1.2 x 5000)
Net payment = ($264,000 - $268,000) + $6,000Net payment = -$4,000 + $6,000
Net payment = $2,000
The net settlement payment to Bart from Best on December 31, 2022, is $2,000.
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